A kind of high-voltage lithium ion batteries nonaqueous electrolytic solution
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of technical field of lithium ion more particularly to a kind of high-voltage lithium ion batteries non-aqueous solution electrolysis
Liquid.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery is widely used in hand due to having many advantages, such as high specific energy, memory-less effect and having extended cycle life
The 3C consumer electronics product such as machine, laptop field, in addition, with the rapid development of new-energy automobile, lithium ion battery
The application of power and energy storage field also will be more and more common.And with the increase and public subsidies of electric car course continuation mileage
Gradually decrease, the energy density of power battery is required also higher and higher, and the operating voltage for promoting lithium ion battery is also
Increase one of the important channel of battery energy density.Currently, having been developed for the positive electrode of a variety of high voltages, but conventional electricity
It solves liquid to be easy that side reaction occurs with positive electrode surface under high voltages, influences the performance of high-voltage anode material performance, greatly
Ground limits the application of high-voltage lithium ion batteries.Therefore, exploitation seems with the matched novel electrolyte of high-voltage anode material
It is even more important.
Conventional electrolysis liquid is made of carbonate-based solvent, hexafluorophosphoric acid lithium electrolyte and additive at present, and develops high electricity
Pressure additive is the emphasis and hot spot of electrolyte research.In numerous research achievements, sulfurous esters compound shows excellent
Different performance.For example, the patent of invention of patent No. CN103000943A discloses a kind of height electricity of addition sulfite compounds
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes are pressed, which will not decompose under the conditions of high-voltage charge, and can improve lithium ion battery in height
Cycle performance under the conditions of temperature can inhibit flatulence, be a kind of very safe and practical electrolyte.Patent No. CN105449277A
Patent of invention disclose a kind of electrolyte for adding fluoro sulfurous esters compound, can satisfy lithium ion battery in high electricity
Recycling under the conditions of pressure, prolongs its service life, but the fluoro sulfite is mainly used as cathode and forms stable SEI
Film, rather than the positive film forming function being more concerned about under high voltage condition.The patent of invention of Patent No. CN105047995A discloses
A kind of electrolyte being added to sulfurous esters compound has positive filming function, inhibits battery producing gas, improves lithium-ion electric
Pond cycle life and storage performance, but the patent is pointed out, the sulfurous esters compound in electrolyte used can cathode at
Film causes impedance to increase, and needs to be added other additives and is proposed with secondary fluid injection to guarantee power-performance.The patent No.
The patent of invention of CN106784589A also discloses that one kind avoids sulfurous esters compound (anode by secondary fluid injection process
Film for additive) to the method for cathode SEI side reaction, positive and negative electrode modifying interface is taken into account, the high temperatures of lithium ion battery is balanced
Energy and dynamic performance.This secondary fluid injection process, so that the making technology of lithium ion battery is cumbersome, to production environment and equipment
It is more demanding, while also increasing cost.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-voltage lithium ion batteries nonaqueous electrolytic solution, solve to propose in above-mentioned background
The problem of.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of high-voltage lithium ion batteries nonaqueous electrolytic solution, including electrolyte lithium salt, non-aqueous organic solvent and additive,
Additive includes novel high voltage functional additive and conventional additives, which is characterized in that the high-voltage functions additive is
Sulfurous esters compound shown in following structural 1:
Wherein, 1≤n≤5.
Wherein, it is former to be selected from unsaturated alkyl, carbon that H, the alkyl that carbon atom number is 1~10, carbon atom number are 2~10 by R1
Aryl that subnumber is 6~30, carbon atom number are one of 2~10 alkanoyl, alkyl, unsaturated alkyl, aryl, alkane acyl
H can partly or entirely be replaced by one or more of halogen element, cyano, carboxyl, sulfonic group in base.
Wherein, R2, R3 are each independently selected from the alkyl that H, halogen atom, carbon atom number are 1~10, carbon atom number 2
Alkoxy that~10 unsaturated alkyl, carbon atom number are 1~10, carbon atom number are one of 2~10 alkanoyl, alkane
Base unsaturated alkyl, alkoxy, the H in alkanoyl can be partly or entirely by one of halogen atoms, cyano, carboxyl, sulfonic group
Or several substitutions.
Further, the structure of high-voltage lithium ion batteries nonaqueous electrolytic solution is structural formula 2, structural formula 3, structure
One or more of formula 4,5 compound represented of structural formula:
Further, the high-voltage functions additive accounts for the 0.1%~5% of electrolyte total weight.
Further, the high-voltage functions additive accounts for the 0.5%~2% of electrolyte total weight.
Further, the conventional additives account for the 0.1%~5% of electrolyte total weight.
The non-aqueous organic solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC), butylene (BC), carbonic acid
Dimethyl ester (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton (GBL), acetic acid first
One of ester (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (EP), butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate and butyl propionate
Or it is several.
Lithium salts is selected from lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium perchlorate, LiBF4, double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates, two (trifluoromethyl sulphurs
Acyl) one or more of imine lithium and imidodisulfuryl fluoride lithium salt.
The conventional additives are selected from vinylene carbonate (VC), fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylethylene carbonate
(VEC), sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD), difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2), three (trimethyl silane) borates (TMSB), three (front threes
Base silane) phosphate (TMSP), three (trimethyl silane) phosphite esters (TMSPi), succinonitrile (SN), in adiponitrile (ADN)
It is one or more of.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention provides a kind of novel high-voltage lithium ion batteries nonaqueous electrolytic solution, and the electrolyte is shown in structural formula 1
Sulfurous esters compound as high-voltage functions additive, substance of this kind HOMO energy ratio EC, DEC and EMC equal solvent point
It is sub high, oxidation reaction preferentially can occur in positive electrode surface, and form the stable and higher CEI film of conductivity, to reduce electricity
The contact for solving liquid and positive electrode surface active sites, inhibits the decomposition reaction of electrolyte, while can also reduce interface impedance.In addition,
Sulfurous esters compound shown in structural formula 1 has certain cathode film formation effect, but the SEI electric conductivity formed is preferable, and
Cathode interface impedance is reduced to a certain extent.By the conventional additives after being added preferably, which can be with
Stable interfacial film is formed in positive and negative pole surface respectively, inhibits the reactivity of electrode surface, reduces the oxygenolysis of electrolyte,
Flatulence is effectively inhibited, to improve the high-temperature storage performance of lithium ion battery, in normal pressure and high voltage [3.0~4.6V
(v.s.Li/Li+)] cycle performance and service life under can be in addition, inside battery interface impedance is also significantly reduced
It is obviously improved high rate performance.
Specific embodiment
The preparation method of the electrolyte of embodiment 1-12 and comparative example 1-5 and the preparation method of lithium ion battery are identical, add
Add agent and its ratio different.
1) preparation of electrolyte
It is in mass ratio EC:DEC:EMC by ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC)
=3:2:5 is mixed, and it is 1.1mol/L that lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6), which is then added, to molar concentration, and additive includes conventional
Additive and high-voltage functions additive, additive types and its content are shown in table 1 in electrolyte, wherein the ratio of additive
Example is to account for the ratio of the total weight of the electrolyte.
The additive and its content of table 1 embodiment 1-12 and comparative example 1-5
2) preparation of positive plate
It is conductive by the quality of 95:2:1:2 than blended anode active material nickle cobalt lithium manganate (LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)
Carbon black Super-P, carbon nanotube CNT and binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), then disperse them in N- methyl -2-
In pyrrolidones (NMP), the lower stirring of de-airing mixer effect obtains anode sizing agent to stable uniform;Anode sizing agent is uniformly applied
It is overlying on the aluminium foil with a thickness of 12 μm;Aluminium foil is transferred to in 120 DEG C of convection oven dry 1h after room temperature is dried, is then passed through
Cross cold pressing, cutting obtains positive plate.
3) preparation of negative electrode tab
By the mass ratio mixing negative electrode active material graphite of 95.5:1.3:1:2.2, conductive carbon black Super-P, binder fourth
Benzene rubber (SBR) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), then disperse them in deionized water, obtain negative electrode slurry.8 μm
On copper foil;Copper foil is transferred to in 120 DEG C of convection oven dry 1h after room temperature is dried, is then obtained by cold pressing, cutting
Negative electrode tab.
4) preparation of lithium ion battery
Positive plate, negative electrode tab and isolation film progress lamination are obtained into naked battery core, after battery core is put into pack case, injection electricity
Liquid is solved, then is successively sealed, obtains lithium ion battery through processes, the production such as standing, hot cold pressing, chemical conversion, two envelopes, partial volume.
Illustrate the performance test process and test result of lithium ion battery below:
(1) cycle performance is tested
By lithium ion battery at 25 DEG C with 1C constant-current charge to 4.6V after, constant-voltage charge to cut-off current be 0.05C, so
A charge and discharge cycles are denoted as to 3.0V with 1C constant-current discharge afterwards.Then 1000 circulations are carried out according to above-mentioned condition.Lithium ion
Capacity retention ratio (%)=(discharge capacity of the 1000th circulation/discharge capacity for the first time) after battery 1000 times circulations ×
100%.
(2) high-temperature storage performance is tested
Room temperature 1C constant-current constant-voltage charging ends to 4.6V, 0.05C, and then 1C constant-current discharge, 3V cut-off, circulation calculate three times
Average size is initial capacity C0, and the volume for testing lithium ion battery is V0;Room temperature 1C constant-current constant-voltage charging is to 4.6V, 0.05C
Cut-off is then placed in high temperature test cabinet and stores 7 days for 60 DEG C, takes out the volume of test lithium ion battery and is denoted as Vn, volume is swollen
Swollen rate (%)=(Vn-V0)/V0;
After room temperature shelves 5h, 1C constant-current discharge to 3V records discharge capacity C1, charged percentage=C1/C0;Room temperature
1C constant-current constant-voltage charging ends to 4.6V, 0.05C, and then 1C constant-current discharge, 3V cut-off, record restore capacity C 2;Restore percentage
Than=C2/C0.
(3) multiplying power charging performance is tested
1C constant-current constant-voltage charging ends to 4.6V, 0.05C at room temperature, stands 5min;Then 1C constant-current discharge, 3V cut-off;
Circulation 3 times, takes the capacity of third time as initial capacity C0;The constant-current charge at 3C, 4.6V cut-off stand 5min, then 1C perseverance
Electricity is banished, 3V cut-off records discharge capacity C1.
Multiplying power charging (3C) efficiency value=C1/C0 × 100%.
(4) multiplying power discharging property is tested
1C constant-current constant-voltage charging ends to 4.6V, 0.05C at room temperature, stands 5min;Then 1C constant-current discharge, 3V cut-off;
Circulation 3 times, takes the capacity of third time as initial capacity C0;1C constant-current constant-voltage charging is quiet to 4.6V, 0.05C cut-off at room temperature
Set 5min;The constant-current discharge at 3C again, 3V cut-off, records discharge capacity C1.
Multiplying power discharging (3C) efficiency value=C1/C0 × 100%.
The test result of table 2 embodiment 1-12 and comparative example 1-5:
According to result shown in table 2: comparing comparative example 1-5, the lithium ion battery of embodiment 1-12 is in normal temperature circulation and height
Gentle storage aspect of performance is greatly improved.Meanwhile high rate performance has also obtained apparent improvement, illustrates conventional addition
Agent and new function additive are combined the significant effect in terms of improving high-voltage lithium ion batteries electrical property.
In embodiment, after difluorophosphate being added, almost various aspects of performance is improved lithium ion battery, and high electricity
Cycle performance and multiplying power charging performance enhancement under pressure (4.6V) are especially apparent, it was demonstrated that difluorophosphate and new function addition
There is certain synergistic effect between the two in agent.
In embodiment, the high-temperature storage performance of implementation column 7-9 (addition 4 compound of structural formula) is best, and is implemented
The normal temperature circulation and high rate performance for arranging 10-12 (addition 5 compound of structural formula) illustrate this novel sulfurous esters than more prominent
Compound has the characteristics that overall effect is good, functional in the application of high voltage nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention in any form, though
So the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment, and however, it is not intended to limit the invention, any technology people for being familiar with this patent
Member without departing from the scope of the present invention, when the technology contents using above-mentioned prompt make it is a little change or be modified to
The equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, but anything that does not depart from the technical scheme of the invention content, it is right according to the technical essence of the invention
Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made by above embodiments, in the range of still falling within the present invention program.