CN108986613B - Hall, faraday and Zeeman effect comprehensive experiment instrument - Google Patents
Hall, faraday and Zeeman effect comprehensive experiment instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN108986613B CN108986613B CN201811123603.5A CN201811123603A CN108986613B CN 108986613 B CN108986613 B CN 108986613B CN 201811123603 A CN201811123603 A CN 201811123603A CN 108986613 B CN108986613 B CN 108986613B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive experimental instrument for Hall, faraday and Zeeman effects, which comprises an optical bench, an electromagnet, a helium-neon laser, a Hall element, a two-dimensional moving ruler, a sample bench, a sample to be tested and a pen-shaped mercury lamp, wherein: a reading microscope, an imaging lens, an etalon, an interference filter, a converging lens, a photoelectric conversion box and a polarization detector are arranged on the optical bench; the two-dimensional moving ruler is provided with a Hall element; the top of the sample table is provided with a sample to be tested; any one set of assembly of a Hall effect assembly consisting of a Hall element and a two-dimensional moving ruler, a Faraday effect assembly consisting of a sample table and a sample to be tested and a Zeeman effect assembly comprising a pen-shaped mercury lamp is selectively disassembled and assembled in a gap in the electromagnet; the electromagnet is mounted on top of a turntable. The invention can meet the observation and measurement of three physical experiment effects of Hall effect, faraday effect and Zeeman effect, and obviously reduce the cost of teaching and scientific research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of experiments, in particular to a comprehensive experimental instrument for Hall effect, faraday effect and Zeeman effect.
Background
As early as 1845, faraday (m.faraday) has found in experiments that when a beam of linearly polarized light passes through a non-optically active medium placed in a magnetic field, if the direction of the magnetic field is parallel to the direction of propagation of the light, the plane of polarization rotates after the linearly polarized light passes through the medium, an effect known as faraday effect. By 1879, the american physicist hall (e.h. Hall) has found that when a metal or semiconductor sheet, to which a current I is applied, is placed in a magnetic field B perpendicular to I, a potential difference U is created across the conductor in a direction perpendicular to the current I and the magnetic field B when the conduction mechanism of the current carrying conductor in the magnetic field is studied H This effect is known as the hall effect. In 1896, zeeman (p.zeeman) discovered that each spectral line from a light source placed in a sufficiently strong magnetic field was split into several polarized lines, a phenomenon known as the zeeman effect.
At present, the Hall effect, faraday effect and Zeeman effect are classical physical experiment effects, and play an important role in physical teaching and photoelectric performance detection in colleges and universities. However, since the hall effect is one of the electromagnetic effects and the faraday and zeeman effects belong to the magneto-optical effects, three different experimental instruments are generally required for experimental observation of the three effects, which causes great resource waste and significantly increases the cost of teaching and scientific research.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an experimental apparatus, which can satisfy the observation and measurement of three physical experimental effects of hall effect, faraday effect and zeeman effect, and is convenient for performing experiments, so as to significantly reduce the cost of teaching and scientific research.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide the comprehensive experimental instrument for the Hall effect, the Faraday effect and the Zeeman effect, which can meet the observation and measurement of three physical experimental effects of the Hall effect, the Faraday effect and the Zeeman effect, is convenient for experiments, obviously reduces the cost of teaching and scientific research, is favorable for wide application, and has great production and practical significance.
The invention provides a Hall, faraday and Zeeman effect comprehensive experiment instrument, which comprises an optical bench, an electromagnet, a helium-neon laser, a Hall element, a two-dimensional moving ruler, a sample bench, a sample to be detected and a pen-shaped mercury lamp, wherein:
a reading microscope, an imaging lens, an etalon, an interference filter, a converging lens, a photoelectric conversion box and a polarization detector are arranged on the optical bench;
the two-dimensional moving ruler is provided with a Hall element;
the top of the sample table is provided with a sample to be tested;
any one set of assembly of a Hall effect assembly consisting of a Hall element and a two-dimensional moving ruler, a Faraday effect assembly consisting of a sample table and a sample to be tested and a Zeeman effect assembly comprising a pen-shaped mercury lamp is selectively disassembled and assembled in a gap in the electromagnet;
the electromagnet is a C-shaped electromagnet, and the electromagnet is arranged at the top of a turntable.
Wherein the etalon is preferably a fabry-perot etalon.
The coil on the electromagnet is connected with the exciting current input end on an exciting power supply through a lead and a switch K1.
Wherein the helium-neon laser is positioned on top of a liftable support.
When a Hall effect experiment is carried out, a Hall effect assembly consisting of a Hall element and a two-dimensional moving ruler is arranged in a gap in the electromagnet;
the working current end on the right of the top of the Hall element is connected with the working current output end on a photoelectric detector through a lead and a switch K2;
the Hall voltage end on the left side of the top of the Hall element is connected with the Hall voltage input end on the photoelectric detector through a lead and a switch K3.
When a Faraday effect experiment is carried out, a Faraday effect assembly consisting of a sample table and a sample to be tested is arranged in a gap in the electromagnet;
the photoelectric conversion box is connected with an optical power meter arranged on the photoelectric detector;
light holes are respectively and transversely formed in the left end and the right end of the upper part of the electromagnet in a penetrating manner;
the helium-neon laser is positioned on the right side of the electromagnet;
the laser emitting hole and the light passing hole of the helium-neon laser are positioned at the same height;
the left side of the electromagnet is vertically provided with a photoelectric conversion box and a polarization detector, and the photoelectric conversion box is positioned on the left side wall of the polarization detector.
When a Zeeman effect experiment is carried out, a Zeeman effect component comprising a pen-shaped mercury lamp is arranged in a gap in the electromagnet;
the pen-shaped mercury lamp is connected with a special power supply for the mercury lamp;
a converging lens, an interference filter, an etalon, a polarization detector, an imaging lens and a reading microscope are sequentially arranged on the right side of the electromagnet;
the center points of the converging lens, the interference filter, the etalon, the polarization detector, the imaging lens and the reading microscope are positioned on the same axial straight line.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention provides the Hall, faraday and Zeeman effect comprehensive experiment instrument which can meet the observation and measurement of three physical experiment effects of the Hall effect, the Faraday effect and the Zeeman effect, is convenient for experiment, obviously reduces the cost of teaching and scientific research, is beneficial to wide application, and has great production practice significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a Hall, faraday and Zeeman effect comprehensive experiment instrument provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the positions and connection relations of experimental components used in the Hall effect measurement of the Hall, faraday and Zeeman effect comprehensive experimental instrument;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the positions and connection relations of experimental components used in the comprehensive experimental instrument for measuring the Faraday effect of Hall effect, faraday effect and Zeeman effect;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the Hall, faraday and Zeeman effect comprehensive experimental apparatus according to the present invention, showing the positions and connection relationships of the experimental components used in determining the Zeeman effect;
in the figure, 100 is an optical bench, 1 is a reading microscope, 2 is an imaging lens, 3 is an etalon, 4 is an interference filter, and 5 is a converging lens;
the photoelectric conversion box 6, the polarization detector 7, the electromagnet 8, the turntable 9 and the sample stage 10;
11 is a light through hole, 12 is a helium-neon laser, 13 is a laser bracket, 14 is a Hall element, and 15 is a two-dimensional moving ruler;
16 is a photoelectric detector, 17 is an excitation power supply, 18 is a special power supply for a mercury lamp, 19 is a pen-shaped mercury lamp, and 20 is a sample to be detected.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the aspects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a hall, faraday and zeeman effect comprehensive experiment apparatus, comprising an optical bench 100, an electromagnet 8, a helium-neon laser 12, a hall element 14, a two-dimensional moving ruler 15, a sample stage 10, a sample to be measured 20 and a pen-shaped mercury lamp 19, wherein:
a reading microscope 1, an imaging lens 2, an etalon 3, an interference filter 4, a converging lens 5, a photoelectric conversion box 6 and a polarization detector 7 are arranged on the optical bench 100;
the two-dimensional moving ruler 15 is provided with a Hall element 14, and the two-dimensional moving ruler 15 can drive the Hall element 14 to move in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
the top of the sample table 10 is provided with a sample 20 to be tested;
any one set of components of a Hall effect component consisting of a Hall element 14 and a two-dimensional moving ruler 15, a Faraday effect component consisting of a sample table 10 and a sample 20 to be tested and a Zeeman effect component comprising a pen-shaped mercury lamp 19 can be selectively dismounted in a gap in the electromagnet 8.
In a specific implementation of the invention, the etalon 3 is preferably a fabry-perot etalon.
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the electromagnet 8 is a C-shaped electromagnet, and the electromagnet 8 is mounted on the top of one turntable 9, and can horizontally rotate on the top of the turntable 9.
In particular, the coil on the electromagnet 8 is connected with the exciting current I on an exciting power supply 17 through a lead and a switch K1 M The input ends are connected.
In the practice of the invention, the helium neon laser 12 is positioned on top of a lifting stand 13.
In the invention, in particular implementation, when a Hall effect experiment is carried out, a Hall effect component consisting of a Hall element 14 and a two-dimensional moving ruler 15 is arranged in a gap in the electromagnet 8;
the Hall elementThe working current end on the right side of the top of 14 is connected with the working current I on a photoelectric detector 16 through a lead and a switch K2 s The output end is connected;
the Hall voltage terminal on the left side of the top of the Hall element 14 is connected with the Hall voltage U on the photodetector 16 through a lead and a switch K3 H The input ends are connected.
In the invention, in particular implementation, when carrying out a faraday effect experiment, a faraday effect assembly consisting of a sample table 10 and a sample 20 to be tested is installed in a gap in the electromagnet 8;
the photoelectric conversion box 6 is connected with an optical power meter arranged on the photoelectric detector 16;
light holes 11 are respectively and transversely formed in the left end and the right end of the upper part of the electromagnet 8 in a penetrating manner;
the helium-neon laser 12 is located to the right of the electromagnet 8;
the laser emitting hole and the light passing hole 11 of the helium-neon laser 12 are positioned at the same height, so that the collimated light beam emitted by the helium-neon laser 12 completely passes through the light passing hole 11 on the electromagnet 8;
the left side of the electromagnet 8 is vertically provided with a photoelectric conversion box 6 and a polarization detector 7, and the photoelectric conversion box 6 is positioned on the left side wall of the polarization detector 7.
In the invention, when performing the zeeman effect experiment, a zeeman effect component comprising a pen-shaped mercury lamp 19 is arranged in a gap in the electromagnet 8;
the pen-shaped mercury lamp 19 is connected with a mercury lamp special power supply 18;
a converging lens 5, an interference filter 4, an etalon 3, a polarization detector 7, an imaging lens 2 and a reading microscope 1 are sequentially arranged on the right of the electromagnet 8;
the center points of the converging lens 5, the interference filter 4, the etalon 3, the polarization detector 7, the imaging lens 2 and the reading microscope 1 are located on the same axial straight line.
In the invention, K1, K2 and K3 are respectively double-pole double-throw reversing switches for controlling exciting current, working current and Hall voltage.
In the present invention, a reading microscope 1 was used to directly observe and measure the split of the 546.1nm spectral line from the mercury lamp.
An imaging lens 2 for causing an interference image of the fabry-perot etalon to be formed on a focal plane of the imaging lens 2 for observation and photographing.
Etalon 3, which requires a high resolution spectroscopic instrument in view of the small wavelength difference of the zeeman splitting, is commonly used in experiments to split light, and its theoretical resolution can reach 10 5 ～10 7 。
The Fabry-Perot etalon is composed of two plane glass plates, a spacing ring is arranged between the two plane glass plates, and a high-reflection film is plated on the inner surfaces of the glass plates. The spacer ring is made of a material with a small expansion coefficient into a certain thickness so as to ensure that the distance between two glass plates is unchanged, and the pressure on the glass is regulated by three regulating screws so as to achieve accurate parallelism. The fabry-perot etalon is a multi-beam interference device in which, after a beam of light enters the etalon at an angle, the beam of light can be reflected and transmitted between the inner surfaces of the two glass plates of the etalon multiple times, and the transmitted parallel beam of light is converged on its focal plane by a lens (i.e., imaging lens 2) to produce interference.
In the present invention, the interference filter 4 is used to allow only 546.1nm spectral lines emitted from the mercury lamp to pass through, and to filter out other spectral lines, thereby obtaining monochromatic light.
And a converging lens 5 for enhancing light passing through the etalon when the zeeman effect is performed. Meanwhile, the observed image is bright and clear by adjusting the position of the converging lens.
The pen-shaped mercury lamp 19 is used for placing the pen-shaped mercury lamp 19 in a magnetic gap and connecting a special power supply 18 of the mercury lamp, and a 546.1nm spectral line emitted by the mercury lamp generates transition under the action of a magnetic field and is split into a plurality of polarized spectral lines. By using the light path device shown in fig. 4, the splitting condition (i.e., the zeeman effect) of the mercury spectrum line in the magnetic field can be observed.
The photoelectric conversion box 6 and the polarization detector 7 are provided with an angle dial, and a polarizing plate is mounted in the dial, wherein the polarization detector 7 is provided with an angle dial. In Faraday effect, the photoelectric conversion box 6 is positioned on the left side wall of the polarization detector 7, when the laser emitting hole and the center point of the polarization detector 7 are positioned on the same axial straight line, a laser spot just strikes on the light passing hole of the photoelectric conversion box 6 after passing through the polaroid, the photoelectric conversion box 6 is connected with the optical power meter through a wire, at the moment, the knob on the dial is rotated, the reading of the optical power meter can be found to change, and when the polarization direction of the polaroid is vertical to the polarization direction of the laser, the reading of the optical power meter is minimum. In the zeeman effect, the photoelectric conversion cell 6 is removed, and the polarization detector 7 is used as a polarizer for discriminating pi component and sigma component when the polarizer is observed in the direction of the perpendicular magnetic field; along with the 1/4 wave wafer when viewed in the direction of the magnetic field, to discriminate between left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized light.
Regarding the electromagnet 8 and the exciting power supply 17, wherein the coil on the electromagnet 8 is connected with the exciting power supply 17 via a wire and a switch K1, the exciting current I generated by the exciting power supply 17 is changed M The magnetic induction B between the magnetic gaps of the electromagnet 8 can be controlled.
Helium-neon laser 12 having a laser tube with a brewster window mounted therein for producing a quasi-linearly polarized beam in the faraday effect.
Regarding the hall element 14 and the two-dimensional moving ruler 15, wherein the hall element 14 is used to measure the magnitude of the magnetic induction B, the two-dimensional moving ruler 15 can adjust the movement of the hall element 14 in the horizontal and vertical directions.
For the photodetector 16, the photodetector 16 is provided with three ports of an operating current, a hall voltage, and an optical power. Wherein the working current end of the Hall element 14 is connected with the working current I of the photodetector 16 through a wire and a switch K2 s The output end is connected with the Hall voltage end and the Hall voltage U on the photoelectric detector 16 through a lead and a switch K3 H The input end is connected; the photoelectric conversion box 6 is connected with an optical power meter on the photodetector 16 via a wire.
For the sample 20 to be measured, in the faraday effect, the sample 20 to be measured is fixed on the sample stage 10 and placed in the magnetic gap of the electromagnet 8 to observe the magneto-optical characteristics of the sample.
In particular embodiments of the present invention, the helium-neon laser 12 may be any type of helium-neon laser that can be implemented in this patent, such as a helium-neon laser manufactured by Shanghai Elaeagnet instruments, inc. under the model number QJH-34A.
In particular, the reading microscope 1 may be any reading microscope that can be implemented in this patent, for example, a reading microscope manufactured by Shanghai Lihua instruments, inc.
In particular, the photoelectric conversion box 6 may be a photoelectric conversion box manufactured by Shanghai double denier Tianxin scientific education instrument limited company.
In particular, the polarization detector 7 may be a polarization detector manufactured by Shanghai double denier Tianxin scientific and teaching instruments limited company.
In particular, the photodetector 16 may be a photodetector manufactured by Shanghai double denier Tianxin scientific and teaching instruments limited company.
In particular, the special power supply 18 for the mercury lamp can be a special power supply for the mercury lamp manufactured by Shanghai double denier Tianxin scientific and teaching instruments limited company.
In particular, the exciting power supply 17 may be an exciting power supply with model SK1730SBP manufactured by three electric limited companies in zhejiang, which is a voltage-stabilized power supply that outputs 0-5A direct current.
In particular, the two-dimensional moving ruler 15 may be a two-dimensional moving ruler manufactured by instrument limited company in the middle of the adult century.
In the specific implementation of the present invention, the technical parameters of the comprehensive experimental instrument include:
1. the Brewster window is arranged in the laser tube of the helium-neon laser 12, the laser output power is more than or equal to 1.5mW, the spot diameter phi=2.6 mm, and the bracket adjusting range is 80-196 mm;
2. the maximum magnetic induction intensity of the electromagnet 8 is 1.400T, a light-passing hole parallel to the magnetic field line is formed in the central axis, and the diameter phi of the light-passing hole is 3.0mm;
3. the maximum output voltage and current stabilizing values of the exciting power supply 17 are respectively 60V and 10A, and the overheat protection threshold value of the whole machine is 80-85 ℃;
4. the central wavelength of the interference filter 4 is 546.1nm, the transmission bandwidth is <10nm, and the peak transmittance is >50%;
5. the light transmission caliber and the flat crystal interval of the etalon 3 (namely the Fabry-Perot etalon) are respectively 40mm and 2mm, and the central wavelength and the high reflection bandwidth are respectively 589.3nm and 100nm;
6. the working distance of the reading microscope 1 is 62mm, the effective measurement range is 6mm, the magnification is 20, the focal length and the field diameter of an ocular are respectively 12.6mm and 9mm, the differentiation ruler value of the ocular is 1mm, the number of the ocular is 8mm, and the minimum reading of a micrometer drum is 0.01mm;
7. the hall element 14 is a magneto-dependent sensor integrated circuit designed and processed by adopting a CMOS process technology, and the maximum output steady-state value of working current is 25mA.
In the invention, the observation and measurement of three physical experiments of Hall effect, faraday effect and Zeeman effect share one set of C-type electromagnet and Hall element, and the electromagnet and Hall element are used in the observation of the three experimental effects. The magnetic gap of the C-shaped electromagnet can be used for completing the exchange installation and disassembly of the Hall element, the two-dimensional moving ruler, the sample table, the sample to be tested and the pen-shaped mercury lamp.
In the invention, the Hall element can be used for observing the Hall effect and measuring the magnetic induction intensity in Faraday effect and Zeeman effect experiments.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below in connection with a specific experimental process.
As shown in fig. 2, when the present invention is used for magnetic field measurement (i.e., hall effect experimental observation), the hall element 14 is placed in the magnetic gap of the C-type electromagnet 8, and the element plane is made perpendicular to the magnetic induction intensity B, and the two-dimensional moving scale 15 can adjust the position of the hall element 14 in the horizontal and vertical directions. The working current end of the Hall element 14 is connected with the working current I of the photoelectric detector 16 through a lead and a switch K2 s The output end is connected; hall voltage terminal is connected with hall on the photoelectric detector 16 through lead and switch K3Voltage U H The input ends are connected. The magnetic induction B and the working current I can be respectively changed by reversing the double-pole double-throw switches K1 and K2 s By which the additional potential difference that occurs with the hall voltage can be eliminated. If the sensitivity beta of the Hall element 14 is known, a constant operating current I is input through the photodetector 16 s And measure the Hall voltage U H After the value of (a), i.e. according to the formula b=u H /(βI s ) The magnetic induction intensity B of the magnetic field to be measured is obtained, and the direction of B can be according to the working current I s Flow direction and hall voltage U H And judging whether the current is positive or negative.
As shown in fig. 3, when the faraday effect experiment is completed by using the invention, the adjusting frame 13 at the bottom of the helium-neon laser 12 is adjusted to make the collimated light beam emitted by the helium-neon laser 12 completely pass through the light passing hole 11 in the center of the electromagnet 8; the heights of the photoelectric conversion box 6 and the polarization detector 7 are adjusted, so that laser spots just hit the center hole of the photoelectric conversion box 6, the photoelectric conversion box 6 is connected with an optical power meter on the photoelectric detector 16, and at the moment, a dial knob on the polarization detector 7 is rotated, so that the change of the reading of the optical power meter can be observed; fixing the sample 20 to be measured on the sample stage 10, so that the laser beam completely passes through the sample 20 to be measured; because the Brewster window is already arranged in the laser tube of the helium-neon laser 12, the emergent laser is linearly polarized, so that a polarizer is not needed to be added, a dial on the polarization detector 7 is rotated, the optical power count is minimized, and the angle theta on the dial at the moment is read 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The excitation power supply 17 is started to apply a stable magnetic field to the sample, the optical power counting number can be seen to be increased due to Faraday effect, the dial on the polarization detector 7 is rotated again to minimize the optical power counting number, and the angle value theta at the moment is read 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then, according to the hall effect, the sample 20 to be measured is taken away, the hall element 14 is placed at the original position of the sample 20 to be measured, the magnetic induction intensity B at the sample position can be measured by the hall element 14, and if the thickness d of the sample is known, the magnetic induction intensity B can be calculated according to the formula Γ= |θ 2 -θ 1 The Verdet constant Γ of the sample is determined by I/(Bd).
As shown in fig. 4, when the present invention is used to complete the zeeman effect experiment, the electromagnet 8 is rotated to be longitudinally placed (specifically, rotated left or right by 90 degrees to observe the transverse zeeman effect), the pen-shaped mercury lamp 19 is placed in the magnetic gap, and the special power supply 18 for the mercury lamp is turned on; a converging lens 5, an interference filter 4, an etalon 3, a polarization detector 7, an imaging lens 2, a reading microscope 1 and the same height and coaxial adjustment components are sequentially arranged on an optical bench; temporarily removing the interference filter 4 and the polarization detector 7, and adjusting the positions of the components and the elevation angle adjusting knob of the Fabry-Perot etalon 3 to make the interference rings concentric; the interference filter 4 is added, the exciting power supply 17 is turned on, the position of the reading microscope 1 is carefully regulated, the magnetic field is slowly increased, and a gradually clear interference ring can be seen; the polarization detector 7 is added and the adjusting knob is turned until each clear and sharp circular ring is observed to be split into three bright rings; measuring the diameter of the interference ring by using a reading microscope 1, and solving a Zeeman split wave value of 546.1nm of mercury; then, the pen-shaped mercury lamp 19 is taken out, the Hall element 14 is placed at the original position of the pen-shaped mercury lamp 19, the corresponding magnetic induction intensity B is measured by the Hall element 14, and then the electron charge-mass ratio can be calculated. The invention can observe longitudinal Zeeman effect by rotating the electromagnet by 90 degrees to make the magnetic force line parallel to the optical bench, adding 1/4 wave wafer on the right side of the converging lens 5, and observing the variation of interference fringe along the magnetic field direction.
Based on the design scheme, the invention designs a scheme for sharing three classical physical experiment effects by using one set of electromagnet and Hall element on the basis of experiments of measuring magnetic field by using Hall effect and measuring magneto-optical effect by using Faraday and Zeeman effect. The experimental instrument has the advantages of simple structure, compact configuration, low production cost, convenient experimental operation, convenience for comparison and comprehensive analysis of various physical phenomena, and suitability for demonstration of university physical experiments and classroom teaching.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the comprehensive experimental instrument for Hall effect, faraday effect and Zeeman effect provided by the invention can meet the observation and measurement of three physical experimental effects of Hall effect, faraday effect and Zeeman effect, is convenient for experiment, obviously reduces the cost of teaching scientific research, is beneficial to wide application, and has great production and practice significance.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a hall, faraday and zeeman effect comprehensive experiment appearance, its characterized in that includes optical bench (100), electro-magnet (8), helium neon laser (12), hall element (14), two-dimensional movable ruler (15), sample platform (10), sample (20) and pen-shaped mercury lamp (19) that await measuring, wherein:
a reading microscope (1), an imaging lens (2), an etalon (3), an interference filter (4), a converging lens (5), a photoelectric conversion box (6) and a polarization detector (7) are arranged on the optical bench (100);
a Hall element (14) is arranged on the two-dimensional moving ruler (15);
the top of the sample table (10) is provided with a sample (20) to be tested;
any one set of components of a Hall effect component consisting of a Hall element (14) and a two-dimensional moving ruler (15), a Faraday effect component consisting of a sample table (10) and a sample (20) to be tested and a Zeeman effect component comprising a pen-shaped mercury lamp (19) are selectively dismounted in a gap in the electromagnet (8);
the electromagnet (8) is a C-shaped electromagnet, and the electromagnet (8) is arranged at the top of a turntable (9);
the coil on the electromagnet (8) is connected with the exciting current input end on an exciting power supply (17) through a lead and a switch K1;
the helium-neon laser (12) is positioned on the top of a lifting bracket (13);
when a Hall effect experiment is carried out, a Hall effect assembly consisting of a Hall element (14) and a two-dimensional moving ruler (15) is arranged in a gap in the electromagnet (8);
the working current end on the right of the top of the Hall element (14) is connected with the working current output end on a photoelectric detector (16) through a lead and a switch K2;
the Hall voltage end at the left side of the top of the Hall element (14) is connected with the Hall voltage input end on the photoelectric detector (16) through a lead and a switch K3;
when a Faraday effect experiment is carried out, a Faraday effect assembly consisting of a sample table (10) and a sample (20) to be tested is arranged in a gap in the electromagnet (8);
the photoelectric conversion box (6) is connected with an optical power meter arranged on the photoelectric detector (16);
light holes (11) are respectively and transversely formed in the left end and the right end of the upper part of the electromagnet (8) in a penetrating mode;
the helium-neon laser (12) is positioned on the right of the electromagnet (8);
the laser emitting hole and the light passing hole (11) of the helium-neon laser (12) are positioned at the same height;
a photoelectric conversion box (6) and a polarization detector (7) are vertically arranged on the left side of the electromagnet (8), and the photoelectric conversion box (6) is positioned on the left side wall of the polarization detector (7);
when a Zeeman effect experiment is carried out, a Zeeman effect component comprising a pen-shaped mercury lamp (19) is arranged in a gap in the electromagnet (8);
the pen-shaped mercury lamp (19) is connected with a special power supply (18) for the mercury lamp;
a converging lens (5), an interference filter (4), an etalon (3), a polarization detector (7), an imaging lens (2) and a reading microscope (1) are sequentially arranged on the right of the electromagnet (8);
the center points of the converging lens (5), the interference filter (4), the etalon (3), the polarization detector (7), the imaging lens (2) and the reading microscope (1) are positioned on the same axial straight line.
2. A comprehensive experiment instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the etalon (3) is a fabry-perot etalon.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN110617883A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-12-27 | 陕西师范大学 | Method and device for distinguishing left-handed rotation and right-handed rotation of light source spectral line in magnetic field |
| CN114999287A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-02 | 武汉轻工大学 | Hall effect experiment system and method |
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