CN108982816B - Sand and soil consolidation test device and method under combined action of vibration and electroosmosis - Google Patents
Sand and soil consolidation test device and method under combined action of vibration and electroosmosis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A sand and soil consolidation test device and method under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis, the device includes test bed, test box and support, the test box locates on test bed, there is sand and soil sample that packs and isolates the inside race with the water-permeable in the case, the both sides of the inside race of water-permeable isolate have force transfer boards, exert the vibration load through two vibration exciters on the support; two pairs of electrode plates are arranged in the water permeable isolating inner sleeve, electroosmosis load is applied through the electrode plates, and an ultrasonic speed measuring mechanism is arranged on the electrode plates; the test box both ends are catchmented the chamber, are catchmented the chamber below and are equipped with displacement measurement container. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a sandy soil sample; placing the permeable isolating inner sleeve in a test box and fixing a force transmission plate; sequentially installing two pairs of electrode plates and an ultrasonic speed measuring mechanism in place; filling a sandy soil sample into the permeable isolating inner sleeve until the static load is solidified, and measuring the water discharge; after the sand sample is stably solidified, applying a vibration load through a vibration exciter to form a standing wave, simultaneously applying an electric field, and measuring the water discharge; the vibration and the electric field were adjusted to perform a comparative test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sand and soil consolidation tests, and particularly relates to a sand and soil consolidation test device and method under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis.
Background
At present, along with the continuous improvement of ore dressing level, the tailings sand particle size level is thinner and thinner, so that the fine tailings sand damming has the characteristics of poor permeability, slow drainage and consolidation and high infiltration line, and the tailings dam which is in a higher infiltration line level for a long time is easy to break, so that the seepage drainage speed of the fine tailings sand is increased, the infiltration line of the dam body can be reduced, and the safety degree of the dam body is improved.
At present, two methods are mainly used for improving the drainage speed of sand and soil, the first method is a vibration drainage method, and the second method is an electroosmosis drainage method.
The vibration drainage method is to establish a fluctuation field through an artificial seismic source so as to transmit mechanical waves with certain frequency to the inside of sand and soil bodies within a certain depth range, and then the sand and the soil bodies complete consolidation drainage more quickly and efficiently under the action of the mechanical waves.
The electroosmosis drainage method is to establish an electric field in a manual mode, so that water in sand and soil moves towards a certain direction under the action of the electric field to realize drainage, and meanwhile, sand and soil particles with negative charges can move towards an anode under the action of the electric field, so that the compactness and strength of the sand and soil near the anode are improved to a certain degree, and the consolidation effect is improved.
However, in the case of fine tailings having a finer particle size level, the effect of the vibratory drainage method and the electroosmotic drainage method when applied independently becomes weaker, and it is unknown whether the two methods can be applied in combination and whether the drainage effect of the fine tailings can be further enhanced after the combined application. Since no one has done such studies before, it is very necessary to test and verify the above assumptions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a sand and soil consolidation test device and method under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis, which can complete a sand and soil consolidation drainage test under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis and can obtain consolidation drainage effects under different combined actions of vibration and electroosmosis.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a sand and soil consolidation test device under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis comprises a test bed, a test box and a bracket; the test box is positioned on the test bed and is a rectangular box body, a water permeable isolating inner sleeve is arranged in the test box and is a rectangular inner sleeve, and the water permeable isolating inner sleeve is used for filling a sandy soil sample; a space between the left box wall of the test box and the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve is set as a first water collecting cavity, and a space between the right box wall of the test box and the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve is set as a second water collecting cavity; a left force transmission plate is arranged in the first water collecting cavity, and the left sleeve surface of the permeable isolating inner sleeve is in abutting contact with the left force transmission plate; a right force transfer plate is arranged in the second water collecting cavity, and the right sleeve surface of the permeable isolating inner sleeve is in abutting contact with the right force transfer plate; a plurality of water permeable holes are distributed on the left force transmission plate and the right force transmission plate; a pair of main electrode plates is arranged in the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve and comprises a left main electrode plate and a right main electrode plate, and a plurality of water-permeable holes are distributed on the left main electrode plate and the right main electrode plate; the left main electrode plate is in abutting contact with the left sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve, and the left sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve is clamped between the left force transmission plate and the left main electrode plate; the right main electrode plate is in abutting contact with the right sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve, and the right sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve is clamped between the right force transmission plate and the right main electrode plate; a first drainage hole is formed in the bottom of the first water collecting cavity, a first drainage pipe is installed at the first drainage hole, a first valve is installed on the first drainage pipe, and a first drainage quantity measuring container is arranged below the first drainage pipe; a second water drainage hole is formed in the bottom of the second water collection cavity, a second water drainage pipe is installed at the second water drainage hole, a second valve is installed on the second water drainage pipe, and a second drainage quantity measuring container is arranged below the second water drainage pipe; the bracket is respectively provided with a first vibration exciter and a second vibration exciter; the first vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the left force transmission plate through the vibration transmission support, the second vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the right force transmission plate through the vibration transmission rod, and the vibration transmission support and the vibration transmission rod are of adjustable-length structures.
The left main electrode plate and the right main electrode plate are identical in structure and are formed by assembling three independent electrode plates, and the three independent electrode plates are isolated by insulating materials.
A pair of auxiliary electrode plates including a front auxiliary electrode plate and a rear auxiliary electrode plate is arranged in the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve; the front auxiliary electrode plate is abutted and contacted with the front sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve, and the front sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve is clamped between the front auxiliary electrode plate and the front box wall of the test box; the rear auxiliary electrode plate is in abutting contact with the rear sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve, and the rear sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve is clamped between the rear auxiliary electrode plate and the rear box wall of the test box.
An ultrasonic speed measuring mechanism is arranged inside the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve, and an ultrasonic transmitting end and an ultrasonic receiving end of the ultrasonic speed measuring mechanism are respectively arranged on the front auxiliary electrode plate and the rear auxiliary electrode plate; the ultrasonic speed measuring mechanism is used for measuring the real-time wave velocity in the sandy soil sample, the real-time moisture content of the sandy soil sample is determined through the measured real-time wave velocity, and the real-time moisture content is calculated and determined through the following relation: 320+980e-0.047θOr
In the formula, u is the wave velocity and θ is the water content.
A plurality of comprehensive measuring piles are arranged inside the permeable isolating inner sleeve, and a potential sensor, a pore water pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are respectively arranged in the comprehensive measuring piles; the comprehensive measurement pile is vertically arranged, and the bottom of the comprehensive measurement pile is fixedly connected with a bottom box plate of the test box.
A sand and soil consolidation test method under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis adopts the sand and soil consolidation test device under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a sandy soil sample in a saturated state;
step two: putting the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve into the test box, enabling four sleeve surfaces of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve to be respectively abutted and contacted with the left force transmission plate, the front box wall of the test box, the right force transmission plate and the rear box wall of the test box, fixing the position of the left force transmission plate through the vibration transmission bracket, and fixing the position of the right force transmission plate through the vibration transmission rod;
step three: respectively installing a left main electrode plate, a right main electrode plate, a front auxiliary electrode plate and a rear auxiliary electrode plate in place;
step four: respectively installing an ultrasonic transmitting end and an ultrasonic receiving end of an ultrasonic speed measuring mechanism in place, and simultaneously installing a comprehensive measuring pile in place;
step five: filling the prepared sandy soil sample into the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve until the set height is reached;
step six: the sandy soil sample is subjected to static load consolidation under the action of self gravity, and water discharged from the sandy soil sample is collected and measured by the first water discharge measuring container and the second water discharge measuring container together;
step seven: when the sandy soil sample reaches a static load consolidation stable state, synchronously starting a first vibration exciter and a second vibration exciter, outputting an excitation frequency, an excitation force and an initial phase according to a set value, forming a standing wave in the sandy soil sample, simultaneously applying an electric field according to a set voltage, and collecting and measuring moisture discharged from the sandy soil sample through a first water discharge measuring container and a second water discharge measuring container;
step eight: and (5) carrying out the next test according to the steps from the first step to the seventh step, and adjusting the application states of vibration and the electric field to finish the subsequent comparison test.
When water source supply conditions need to be simulated, before filling a sandy soil sample into the permeable isolating inner sleeve, the first valve is closed, and then the first drainage measuring container is removed; when the sandy soil sample reaches a static load consolidation stable state, the first water collecting cavity needs to be filled with water for simulating a water source for replenishment.
The method for forming the standing wave in the sandy soil sample by the first vibration exciter and the second vibration exciter comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring the horizontal thickness of the sandy soil sample between the left sleeve surface and the right sleeve surface of the permeable isolating inner sleeve, and recording the thickness as L;
②, setting the exciting frequency of the first exciter as f1Setting the exciting force of the first vibration exciter as A1Setting the initial phase of the first vibration exciter to be
Setting the excitation frequency of the second exciter as f2Exciting the second exciterForce is set as A2Setting the initial phase of the second vibration exciter as
Wherein f is1＝f2，A1＝A2，
In the formula, lambda is the wavelength of vibration in the sandy soil sample; and if λ is L, then f1＝f2U/lambda, wherein u is the wave speed of vibration in the sand sample; because the wave velocity changes along with the moisture content of the sandy soil sample, the excitation frequency needs to be adjusted according to the real-time wave velocity;
step three: setting the excitation frequency, the excitation force and the initial phase of the first vibration exciter and the second vibration exciter according to the second step, and synchronously starting the first vibration exciter and the second vibration exciter to form standing waves in the sandy soil sample.
When the sandy soil sample is in the water source supply condition, the wave velocity of the vibration in the sandy soil sample is not changed, wherein f1＝f2U/(λ + α t), and
wherein α represents the moving speed of the standing wave, t represents the time, and f represents the time1Is the excitation frequency of the first exciter, f2Is the excitation frequency of the second exciter,
is the initial phase of the first vibration exciter,
the initial phase of the second exciter, λ is the wavelength of the vibration in the sandy soil sample, and L is the thickness of the sandy soil sample, so that a standing wave moving effect is formed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention realizes various consolidation drainage tests under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis for the first time, can obtain drainage effects under different combined actions of vibration and electroosmosis by setting the supply conditions of an anhydrous source and a water source and setting different combined action conditions of vibration and electroosmosis so as to obtain the optimal drainage scheme, can accurately monitor the change conditions of the water content near the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and can obtain the relation between the change of the water content and the drainage quantity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sand and soil consolidation test device (no water supply condition) under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sand and soil consolidation test device (with water supply conditions) under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a test chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the left/right main electrode plate of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the left/right transfer plate of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the amount of water discharged as a function of time according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing monitoring of moisture content in the vicinity of the positive electrode in the first embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing monitoring of moisture content in the vicinity of a negative electrode in the first embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the change of the water discharge amount with time according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing monitoring of the moisture content in the vicinity of the positive electrode in the second embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing monitoring of moisture content in the vicinity of a negative electrode in the second embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the change of the water discharge amount with time in the third embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the change of the water discharge amount with time in the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing monitoring of the moisture content in the vicinity of the positive electrode in the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 15 is a graph showing monitoring of moisture content in the vicinity of a negative electrode in the fourth example;
in the figure, 1-test bed, 2-test box, 3-support, 4-permeable isolating inner sleeve, 5-sandy soil sample, 6-first water collecting cavity, 7-second water collecting cavity, 8-left force transmission plate, 9-right force transmission plate, 10-left main electrode plate, 11-right main electrode plate, 12-first drainage hole, 13-first drainage pipe, 14-first valve, 15-first drainage measuring container, 16-second drainage hole, 17-second drainage pipe, 18-second valve, 19-second drainage measuring container, 20-first vibration exciter, 21-second vibration exciter, 22-vibration conducting support, 23-vibration conducting rod, 24-front auxiliary electrode plate, 25-rear auxiliary electrode plate, 26-ultrasonic transmitting end, 27-ultrasonic receiving end, 28-comprehensive measuring pile.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the sand and soil consolidation test device under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis comprises a test bed 1, a test box 2 and a bracket 3; the test box 2 is positioned on the test bed 1, the test box 2 is a rectangular box body, a permeable isolating inner sleeve 4 is arranged inside the test box 2, the permeable isolating inner sleeve 4 is a rectangular inner sleeve, and the permeable isolating inner sleeve 4 is used for filling a sandy soil sample 5; a space between the left box wall of the test box 2 and the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4 is set as a first water collecting cavity 6, and a space between the right box wall of the test box 2 and the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4 is set as a second water collecting cavity 7; a left force transmission plate 8 is arranged in the first water collecting cavity 6, and the left sleeve surface of the permeable isolating inner sleeve 4 is in abutting contact with the left force transmission plate 8; a right force transmission plate 9 is arranged in the second water collecting cavity 7, and the right sleeve surface of the permeable isolating inner sleeve 4 is in abutting contact with the right force transmission plate 9; a plurality of water permeable holes are distributed on the left force transfer plate 8 and the right force transfer plate 9; a pair of main electrode plates is arranged in the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4, and comprises a left main electrode plate 10 and a right main electrode plate 11, and a plurality of water-permeable holes are distributed on the left main electrode plate 10 and the right main electrode plate 11; the left main electrode plate 10 is abutted and contacted with the left sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4, and the left sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4 is clamped between the left dowel plate 8 and the left main electrode plate 10; the right main electrode plate 11 is in abutting contact with the right sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4, and the right sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4 is clamped between the right force transmission plate 9 and the right main electrode plate 11; a first drainage hole 12 is formed in the bottom of the first water collecting cavity 6, a first drainage pipe 13 is installed at the first drainage hole 12, a first valve 14 is installed on the first drainage pipe 13, and a first drainage quantity measuring container 15 is arranged below the first drainage pipe 13; a second water drainage hole 16 is formed at the bottom of the second water collection cavity 7, a second water drainage pipe 17 is installed at the second water drainage hole 16, a second valve 18 is installed on the second water drainage pipe 17, and a second water drainage quantity measuring container 19 is arranged below the second water drainage pipe 17; a first exciter 20 and a second exciter 21 are respectively arranged on the bracket 3; the first vibration exciter 20 is fixedly connected with the left dowel plate 8 through a vibration conduction support 22, the second vibration exciter 21 is fixedly connected with the right dowel plate 9 through a vibration conduction rod 23, and the vibration conduction support 22 and the vibration conduction rod 23 are of length-adjustable structures.
The left main electrode plate 10 and the right main electrode plate 11 have the same structure, and are formed by assembling three independent electrode plates, and the three independent electrode plates are isolated by insulating materials. Because the development along with time in the experiment, moisture in sand sample 5 must change in spatial distribution, only need at this moment in the higher region of moisture content exert the electric field can, then can remove the electric field to the region that moisture content has been lower, and then reduce the waste of electric energy through the circular telegram quantity that reduces the electrode plate.
A pair of secondary electrode plates, including a front secondary electrode plate 24 and a rear secondary electrode plate 25, are also arranged in the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4; the front auxiliary electrode plate 24 is abutted and contacted with the front sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4, and the front sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4 is clamped between the front auxiliary electrode plate 24 and the front box wall of the test box 2; the rear auxiliary electrode plate 25 is in abutting contact with the rear sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4, and the rear sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4 is clamped between the rear auxiliary electrode plate 25 and the rear box wall of the test box 2.
An ultrasonic speed measuring mechanism is arranged inside the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4, and an ultrasonic transmitting end 26 and an ultrasonic receiving end 27 of the ultrasonic speed measuring mechanism are respectively arranged on the front auxiliary electrode plate 24 and the rear auxiliary electrode plate 25; measuring the real-time wave velocity in the sandy soil sample 5 through the ultrasonic speed measuring mechanism, determining the real-time water content of the sandy soil sample 5 through the measured real-time wave velocity, and particularly determining the real-time water content through the following relational expressionAnd (3) performing calculation determination: 320+980e-0.047θOr
In the formula, u is the wave velocity and θ is the water content.
A plurality of comprehensive measuring piles 28 are arranged inside the permeable isolating inner sleeve 4, and a potential sensor, a pore water pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are respectively arranged in the comprehensive measuring piles 28; the comprehensive measurement pile 28 is vertically arranged, and the bottom of the comprehensive measurement pile 28 is fixedly connected with the bottom box plate of the test box 2.
A sand and soil consolidation test method under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis adopts the sand and soil consolidation test device under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a saturated sandy soil sample 5; mixing and stirring the sandy soil material and water until the sandy soil sample 5 reaches a saturated state, and then placing the sandy soil sample 5 in the saturated state into a closed container to stand for 24 hours to promote the saturated state of the sandy soil sample 5 to be more sufficient and uniform;
step two: putting the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4 into the test box 2, enabling four sleeve surfaces of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4 to be respectively abutted and contacted with the left force transmission plate 8, the front box wall of the test box 2, the right force transmission plate 9 and the rear box wall of the test box 2, fixing the position of the left force transmission plate 8 through the vibration conduction bracket 22, and fixing the position of the right force transmission plate 9 through the vibration conduction rod 23;
step three: respectively installing a left main electrode plate 10, a right main electrode plate 11, a front auxiliary electrode plate 24 and a rear auxiliary electrode plate 25 in place;
step four: respectively installing an ultrasonic transmitting end 26 and an ultrasonic receiving end 27 of an ultrasonic speed measuring mechanism in place, and simultaneously installing a comprehensive measuring pile 28 in place;
step five: filling the prepared sandy soil sample 5 into the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve 4 until the set height is reached;
step six: the sandy soil sample 5 is subjected to static load consolidation under the action of self gravity, and water discharged from the sandy soil sample 5 is collected and measured by the first water discharge measuring container 15 and the second water discharge measuring container 19 together;
step seven: when the sandy soil sample 5 reaches a static load consolidation stable state, synchronously starting a first vibration exciter 20 and a second vibration exciter 21, outputting an excitation frequency, an excitation force and an initial phase according to a set value, forming a standing wave in the sandy soil sample 5, simultaneously applying an electric field according to a set voltage, and collecting and measuring moisture discharged from the sandy soil sample 5 through a first water discharge measuring container 15 and a second water discharge measuring container 19;
step eight: and (5) carrying out the next test according to the steps from the first step to the seventh step, and adjusting the application states of vibration and the electric field to finish the subsequent comparison test.
When water source replenishment conditions need to be simulated, before filling the sandy soil sample 5 into the permeable isolating inner sleeve 4, the first valve 14 is closed, and then the first drainage measuring container 15 is removed; when the sandy soil sample 5 reaches a static load consolidation stable state, water needs to be filled in the first water collecting cavity 6 for simulating a water source for replenishment.
The method for forming standing waves in the sandy soil sample 5 through the first vibration exciter 20 and the second vibration exciter 21 comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring the horizontal thickness of the sandy soil sample 5 between the left sleeve surface and the right sleeve surface of the permeable isolating inner sleeve 4, and recording the thickness as L;
at ②, the excitation frequency of the first exciter 20 is set to f1Let the exciting force of the first exciter 20 be A1Setting the initial phase of the first exciter 20 to be
The excitation frequency of the second exciter 21 is set to f2Let the exciting force of the second exciter 21 be A2Setting the initial phase of the second exciter 21 as
Wherein f is1＝f2，A1＝A2，
In the formulaλ is the wavelength of vibration in the sandy soil sample 5; and if λ is L, then f1＝f2U/λ, where u is the wave velocity of vibration in the sand sample 5; because the wave velocity changes along with the moisture content of the sandy soil sample 5, the excitation frequency needs to be adjusted according to the real-time wave velocity;
step three: setting the excitation frequency, the excitation force and the initial phase of the first exciter 20 and the second exciter 21 according to the second step, and synchronously starting the first exciter 20 and the second exciter 21, so that standing waves can be formed in the sandy soil sample 5.
When the sandy soil sample 5 is in the water source supply condition, the wave velocity of the vibration in the sandy soil sample 5 is not changed, wherein f1＝f2U/(λ + α t), and
wherein α represents the moving speed of the standing wave, t represents the time, and f represents the time1Is the excitation frequency, f, of the first exciter 202Is the excitation frequency of the second exciter 21,
is the initial phase of the first exciter 20,
in the initial phase of the second exciter 21, λ is the wavelength of the vibration in the sand sample 5, and L is the thickness of the sand sample 5, so that a standing wave moving effect is formed.
The first embodiment is as follows: in this example, the direct current voltage of the electroosmotic load was set to 30V, the exciting force of the vibration load was set to 100N, and the vibration frequency and the initial phase of the vibration load were dynamically adjusted to ensure that a standing wave was always formed in the sandy soil sample 5; the left main electrode plate 10 is a positive electrode, and the right main electrode plate 11 is a negative electrode.
In this example, six sets of comparative tests were designed, and the test conditions were as follows:
a first group: only the static load is maintained;
second group: taking the first group of tests as a first stage, carrying out a second test after the first group of tests are finished, and taking the second test as a second stage of tests, wherein in the second stage of tests, a vibration load is applied;
third group: taking a first group of tests as a first stage, taking a second group of tests as a second stage, carrying out a third test after the second group of tests are finished, and taking the third test as a third stage of the tests, wherein in the third stage of the tests, electroosmotic load is applied;
and a fourth group: only the static load is maintained;
and a fifth group: taking the fourth group of tests as a first stage, carrying out a second test after the fourth group of tests is finished, and taking the second test as a second stage of tests, wherein in the second stage of tests, electroosmosis load is applied;
a sixth group: the fourth set of tests was set as the first stage, the fifth set of tests was set as the second stage, and after the second set of tests was completed, the third test was performed as the third stage of the tests, and in the third stage of the tests, a vibration load was applied.
And (3) analyzing test results:
as can be seen from fig. 6, the water discharge curves of the first and fourth sets of the two static tests substantially coincide, indicating that the test is better in overall repeatability. From the load tests of the second, third, fifth and sixth groups, new drainage was generated whether the vibration load was applied first and then the electroosmotic load was applied, or the electroosmotic load was applied first and then the vibration load was applied. However, the water displacement is obviously different, and the total water displacement of the second group and the third group of load tests is obviously larger than that of the fifth group and the sixth group of load tests, for the following reasons:
because the vibration drainage effect is closely related to the particle tightness degree in the sandy soil sample 5, if the test sequence from the first group to the third group is adopted, the density of the sandy soil sample 5 is not very high when vibration starts, and the particles are easy to vibrate, so the vibration drainage effect is good; if the test sequence of the fourth to sixth groups is adopted, the density of the sandy soil sample 5 is enhanced by removing a part of water due to the electroosmosis before the vibration, so that the vibration drainage capability is reduced, and the overall drainage effect is weakened.
Adopt the test order of first group to third group, its advantage still lies in, because earlier stage vibration drainage effect is better, makes the volume of sand sample 5 reduce a lot, and conductive ion concentration increases, and earlier stage vibration makes the contact of sand sample 5 and plate electrode become inseparabler simultaneously, has further strengthened electrically conductive effect, and consequently the effect of electroosmosis drainage has also been strengthened. In general, the first to third test sequences are used to facilitate the exertion of the vibration and electroosmotic effects and to achieve the complementation of the vibration and electroosmotic effects.
FIG. 7 is a water content monitoring chart in the vicinity of the positive electrode; FIG. 8 shows a water content monitoring chart in the vicinity of the negative electrode; as can be seen from fig. 7 and 8, the moisture content level in fig. 7 is generally lower than that in fig. 8, and the reason is analyzed as follows: since the direction of water transport in the test is from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, the water content in the vicinity of the positive electrode is inevitably lower than that of the negative electrode. It can be seen from the figure that the change curve of the water content basically corresponds to the change curve of the water discharge amount, the water content gradually decreases as the water in the sand sample 5 is discharged, the rate of decrease of the water content is relatively high when the water discharge rate is high, and the decrease of the water content is relatively gentle when the water discharge curve is relatively gentle.
Example two: in this example, the direct current voltage of the electroosmotic load was set to 30V, the exciting force of the vibration load was set to 100N, and the vibration frequency and the initial phase of the vibration load were dynamically adjusted to ensure that a standing wave was always formed in the sandy soil sample 5; the left main electrode plate 10 is a positive electrode, and the right main electrode plate 11 is a negative electrode.
In this example, five groups of comparative tests were designed, and the test conditions were as follows:
a first group: only the static load is maintained;
second group: applying an electroosmotic load with a single electric field while maintaining a static load;
third group: applying a vibratory load while maintaining a static load;
and a fourth group: applying an electroosmotic load with a dual electric field while maintaining a static load;
and a fifth group: both the vibration load and the electroosmotic load are applied with a dual electric field while maintaining the static load.
And (3) analyzing test results:
as can be seen in fig. 9, the water displacement of the load tests from the first group to the fifth group is from small to large, wherein the difference between the water displacement of the load tests of the second group and the third group is relatively small, and the water displacement is greatly increased on the basis of dead load as long as an external load is applied; among them, the reason why the effect of applying the electroosmotic load by the double electric field is significantly larger than that of applying the electroosmotic load by the single electric field is that the water is concentrated by the action of the sub electric field and the conductivity is good, so that the drainage effect is good.
FIG. 10 is a water content monitoring chart in the vicinity of the positive electrode; FIG. 11 shows a water content monitoring chart in the vicinity of the negative electrode; as can be seen from the figure, the water content change curve substantially corresponds to the displacement change curve. In addition, as can be seen from the figure, when the drainage speed is high, the water content is relatively fast to drop; at the same time point, the water content in the vicinity of the positive electrode is necessarily smaller than the water content in the vicinity of the negative electrode.
Example three: in the present example, the direct current voltage of the electroosmosis load was set to 30V, the exciting force of the vibration load was set to 100N, and the vibration frequency and the initial phase of the vibration load were dynamically adjusted to ensure that a standing wave was always formed in the sandy soil sample 5; the left main electrode plate 10 is a positive electrode, and the right main electrode plate 11 is a negative electrode.
In this example, six sets of comparative tests were designed, and the test conditions were as follows:
a first group: only the static load is maintained;
second group: taking the first group of tests as a first stage, carrying out a second test after the first group of tests are finished, and taking the second test as a second stage of tests, wherein in the second stage of tests, a vibration load is applied;
third group: taking a first group of tests as a first stage, taking a second group of tests as a second stage, carrying out a third test after the second group of tests are finished, and taking the third test as a third stage of the tests, wherein in the third stage of the tests, electroosmotic load is applied;
and a fourth group: keeping only static load
And a fifth group: taking the fourth group of tests as a first stage, carrying out a second test after the fourth group of tests is finished, and taking the second test as a second stage of tests, wherein in the second stage of tests, electroosmosis load is applied;
a sixth group: the fourth set of tests was set as the first stage, the fifth set of tests was set as the second stage, and after the second set of tests was completed, the third test was performed as the third stage of the tests, and in the third stage of the tests, a vibration load was applied.
And (3) analyzing test results:
as can be seen in fig. 12, the water displacement curves of the first and fourth sets of the two static load tests substantially coincide, indicating that the test is better in overall repeatability; each displacement curve no longer approaches a constant value, but rather a constant rate of increase, as compared to testing under no-source-makeup conditions; the results show that each load starts to act, the drainage state is obviously changed, the drainage state is stabilized after a certain time, and the drainage is carried out at a constant rate, and the total drainage of the second group and the third group load tests is still obviously larger than that of the fifth group and the sixth group load tests in terms of the total drainage at any time. The reason why the water content change curve is not given is that the saturated state of the soil sample 5 is maintained substantially unchanged and the water content is also maintained substantially unchanged in the static load stage.
Example four: in the present example, the direct current voltage of the electroosmosis load was set to 30V, the exciting force of the vibration load was set to 100N, and the vibration frequency and the initial phase of the vibration load were dynamically adjusted to ensure that a standing wave was always formed in the sandy soil sample 5; the left main electrode plate 10 is a positive electrode, and the right main electrode plate 11 is a negative electrode.
In this example, five groups of comparative tests were designed, and the test conditions were as follows:
a first group: only the static load is maintained;
second group: applying an electroosmotic load with a single electric field while maintaining a static load;
third group: applying a vibratory load while maintaining a static load;
and a fourth group: applying an electroosmotic load with a dual electric field while maintaining a static load;
and a fifth group: both the vibration load and the electroosmotic load are applied with a dual electric field while maintaining the static load.
And (3) analyzing test results:
as can be seen from fig. 13, the earlier development of each curve is substantially the same as the test curve under the condition of no water supply, except that the final water discharge of the test curve under the condition of no water supply tends to a constant value, while the final water discharge under the condition of water supply continues to be developed, because new water is continuously replenished in the seepage drainage process, so that the water supply in the sandy soil sample 5 is continuously replenished, and the seepage drainage process continues to enter a stable dynamic balance.
Through detailed analysis of data, the curves finally increase with an approximately constant slope, and the slope from the first group to the fifth group changes from small to large, and the order of the final water discharge is identical to that under the condition of no water source supply.
FIG. 14 is a water content monitoring chart in the vicinity of the positive electrode; FIG. 15 is a water content monitoring chart in the vicinity of the negative electrode; as can be seen in the figure, the characteristics of each curve are firstly reduced and then increased, and the curve is basically kept unchanged after the initial water content is increased until the test is finished; the reason why the time required for the water in the water source to permeate into the vicinity of the anode is shorter because the anode is closer to the water source, and the time required for the cathode to permeate into the vicinity of the anode is longer because the cathode is far from the water source, so that the reaction time is longer. In the vicinity of the positive electrode and the vicinity of the negative electrode, the fifth group is the group in which the moisture content recovery is the fastest, and the first group is the group in which the moisture content recovery is the slowest.
In addition to the above four examples, the effect of other tests is envisioned: in vibration factors, the standing wave moving speed and the exciting force can be adjusted to research the influence of different standing wave moving speeds and exciting forces on the consolidation drainage effect; in the electroosmosis factor, the voltage value and the electrifying mode can be changed, or the positive electrode and the negative electrode are reversed, and the influence on the consolidation drainage effect after the adjustment is further researched.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a sand, soil consolidation test device under vibration electroosmosis combined action which characterized in that: comprises a test bed, a test box and a bracket; the test box is positioned on the test bed and is a rectangular box body, a water permeable isolating inner sleeve is arranged in the test box and is a rectangular inner sleeve, and the water permeable isolating inner sleeve is used for filling a sandy soil sample; a space between the left box wall of the test box and the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve is set as a first water collecting cavity, and a space between the right box wall of the test box and the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve is set as a second water collecting cavity; a left force transmission plate is arranged in the first water collecting cavity, and the left sleeve surface of the permeable isolating inner sleeve is in abutting contact with the left force transmission plate; a right force transfer plate is arranged in the second water collecting cavity, and the right sleeve surface of the permeable isolating inner sleeve is in abutting contact with the right force transfer plate; a plurality of water permeable holes are distributed on the left force transmission plate and the right force transmission plate; a pair of main electrode plates is arranged in the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve and comprises a left main electrode plate and a right main electrode plate, and a plurality of water-permeable holes are distributed on the left main electrode plate and the right main electrode plate; the left main electrode plate is in abutting contact with the left sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve, and the left sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve is clamped between the left force transmission plate and the left main electrode plate; the right main electrode plate is in abutting contact with the right sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve, and the right sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve is clamped between the right force transmission plate and the right main electrode plate; a first drainage hole is formed in the bottom of the first water collecting cavity, a first drainage pipe is installed at the first drainage hole, a first valve is installed on the first drainage pipe, and a first drainage quantity measuring container is arranged below the first drainage pipe; a second water drainage hole is formed in the bottom of the second water collection cavity, a second water drainage pipe is installed at the second water drainage hole, a second valve is installed on the second water drainage pipe, and a second drainage quantity measuring container is arranged below the second water drainage pipe; the bracket is respectively provided with a first vibration exciter and a second vibration exciter; the first vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the left force transmission plate through a vibration conduction support, the second vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the right force transmission plate through a vibration conduction rod, and the vibration conduction support and the vibration conduction rod are of adjustable-length structures; a pair of auxiliary electrode plates including a front auxiliary electrode plate and a rear auxiliary electrode plate is arranged in the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve; the front auxiliary electrode plate is abutted and contacted with the front sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve, and the front sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve is clamped between the front auxiliary electrode plate and the front box wall of the test box; the rear auxiliary electrode plate is in abutting contact with the rear sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve, and the rear sleeve surface of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve is clamped between the rear auxiliary electrode plate and the rear box wall of the test box.
2. The device for testing sand and soil consolidation under the action of combined vibration and electroosmosis of claim 1, wherein: the left main electrode plate and the right main electrode plate are identical in structure and are formed by assembling three independent electrode plates, and the three independent electrode plates are isolated by insulating materials.
3. The device for testing sand and soil consolidation under the action of combined vibration and electroosmosis of claim 1, wherein: an ultrasonic speed measuring mechanism is arranged inside the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve, and an ultrasonic transmitting end and an ultrasonic receiving end of the ultrasonic speed measuring mechanism are respectively arranged on the front auxiliary electrode plate and the rear auxiliary electrode plate; the ultrasonic speed measuring mechanism is used for measuring the real-time wave velocity in the sandy soil sample, the real-time moisture content of the sandy soil sample is determined through the measured real-time wave velocity, and the real-time moisture content is calculated and determined through the following relation: 320+980e-0.047θOr
In the formula, u is the wave velocity and θ is the water content.
4. The device for testing sand and soil consolidation under the action of combined vibration and electroosmosis of claim 1, wherein: a plurality of comprehensive measuring piles are arranged inside the permeable isolating inner sleeve, and a potential sensor, a pore water pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are respectively arranged in the comprehensive measuring piles; the comprehensive measurement pile is vertically arranged, and the bottom of the comprehensive measurement pile is fixedly connected with a bottom box plate of the test box.
5. A sand and soil consolidation test method under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis, which adopts the sand and soil consolidation test device under the combined action of vibration and electroosmosis of claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a sandy soil sample in a saturated state;
step two: putting the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve into the test box, enabling four sleeve surfaces of the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve to be respectively abutted and contacted with the left force transmission plate, the front box wall of the test box, the right force transmission plate and the rear box wall of the test box, fixing the position of the left force transmission plate through the vibration transmission bracket, and fixing the position of the right force transmission plate through the vibration transmission rod;
step three: respectively installing a left main electrode plate, a right main electrode plate, a front auxiliary electrode plate and a rear auxiliary electrode plate in place;
step four: respectively installing an ultrasonic transmitting end and an ultrasonic receiving end of an ultrasonic speed measuring mechanism in place, and simultaneously installing a comprehensive measuring pile in place;
step five: filling the prepared sandy soil sample into the water-permeable isolating inner sleeve until the set height is reached;
step six: the sandy soil sample is subjected to static load consolidation under the action of self gravity, and water discharged from the sandy soil sample is collected and measured by the first water discharge measuring container and the second water discharge measuring container together;
step seven: when the sandy soil sample reaches a static load consolidation stable state, synchronously starting a first vibration exciter and a second vibration exciter, outputting an excitation frequency, an excitation force and an initial phase according to a set value, forming a standing wave in the sandy soil sample, simultaneously applying an electric field according to a set voltage, and collecting and measuring moisture discharged from the sandy soil sample through a first water discharge measuring container and a second water discharge measuring container;
step eight: and (5) carrying out the next test according to the steps from the first step to the seventh step, and adjusting the application states of vibration and the electric field to finish the subsequent comparison test.
6. The method for testing sand and soil consolidation under the action of vibro-electroosmosis of claim 5, wherein: when water source supply conditions need to be simulated, before filling a sandy soil sample into the permeable isolating inner sleeve, the first valve is closed, and then the first drainage measuring container is removed; when the sandy soil sample reaches a static load consolidation stable state, the first water collecting cavity needs to be filled with water for simulating a water source for replenishment.
7. The method for testing sand and soil consolidation under the action of vibro-electroosmosis of claim 5, wherein: the method for forming the standing wave in the sandy soil sample by the first vibration exciter and the second vibration exciter comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring the horizontal thickness of the sandy soil sample between the left sleeve surface and the right sleeve surface of the permeable isolating inner sleeve, and recording the thickness as L;
②, setting the exciting frequency of the first exciter as f1Setting the exciting force of the first vibration exciter as A1Setting the initial phase of the first vibration exciter to be
Setting the excitation frequency of the second exciter as f2Setting the exciting force of the second vibration exciter as A2Setting the initial phase of the second vibration exciter as
Wherein f is1＝f2，A1＝A2，
In the formula, lambda is the wavelength of vibration in the sandy soil sample; and if λ is L, then f1＝f2U/lambda, wherein u is the wave speed of vibration in the sand sample; because the wave velocity changes along with the moisture content of the sandy soil sample, the excitation frequency needs to be adjusted according to the real-time wave velocity;
step three: setting the excitation frequency, the excitation force and the initial phase of the first vibration exciter and the second vibration exciter according to the second step, and synchronously starting the first vibration exciter and the second vibration exciter to form standing waves in the sandy soil sample.
8. The method for testing the consolidation of sand and soil under the combined action of vibro-electroosmosis according to claim 7, wherein: when the sandy soil sample is in the water source supply condition, the wave velocity of the vibration in the sandy soil sample is not changed, wherein f1＝f2U/(λ + α t), and
wherein α represents the moving speed of the standing wave, t represents the time, and f represents the time1Is the excitation frequency of the first exciter, f2Is the excitation frequency of the second exciter,
is the initial phase of the first vibration exciter,
the initial phase of the second exciter, λ is the wavelength of the vibration in the sandy soil sample, and L is the thickness of the sandy soil sample, so that a standing wave moving effect is formed.
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| CN111929346B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-09-20 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Multifunctional electroosmosis experimental instrument and using method thereof |
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