CN108982293B - High-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological test system and experimental method - Google Patents
High-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological test system and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108982293B CN108982293B CN201810871221.4A CN201810871221A CN108982293B CN 108982293 B CN108982293 B CN 108982293B CN 201810871221 A CN201810871221 A CN 201810871221A CN 108982293 B CN108982293 B CN 108982293B
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- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/02—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological test system and an experimental method, wherein the high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological test system comprises: the device comprises a liquid supply and flow control device, a gas supply and flow control device, a foam preparation device, a high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit and a back pressure control device, wherein the foam preparation device is simultaneously connected with the liquid supply and flow control device and the gas supply and flow control device; wherein, be provided with temperature control system in the foam preparation facilities. The invention can accurately control and prepare the foam fluid with different gas-liquid ratios, different pressures and different temperatures under the temperature and the pressure of the working environment, and the prepared foam fluid is seamlessly connected with the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit, thereby ensuring that the foam researched by rheological test is a foam system under the working environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation, and particularly relates to a high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test system and an experimental method.
Background
The foam fluid is a dispersion system taking gas as a dispersion phase, and the dispersion medium can be a solid phase or a liquid phase. The former are referred to as solid foams, such as foamed cement; the latter are known as liquid foams, known as froths, such as fire fighting froth, flotation froth, drilling foam, and the like. The unique structure of the foam fluid determines that the foam has the advantages of low friction resistance, low density, low filtration loss, strong flowback capability, strong solid particle carrying capability, small damage to a reservoir stratum and the like, and the foam has a plugging effect on a high-permeability layer and has an effect of increasing swept volume on a low-permeability layer, namely 'large plugging and small plugging'; meanwhile, the foam has the characteristics of stability when meeting water and poor stability when meeting oil, namely 'water and oil blockage prevention'. Due to the advantages, the foam fluid shows great application potential in various aspects of drilling, oil and gas well production increase, well repair, recovery efficiency improvement and the like in the petroleum industry, a foam fluid production increase series technology is gradually formed, and the technologies comprise foam underbalance drilling, foam fracturing, foam acidification, foam water and gas plugging, foam drainage and gas production, foam plugging removal, foam induced spray, foam sand washing and well washing, foam profile control, foam oil displacement and the like, and the foam fluid is applied and popularized on site, so that a good application effect is achieved.
In the above-mentioned foam fluid operation, a common important basic work is to study the foam rheology under high temperature and high pressure conditions. The rheological property of the foam is usually expressed by a rheological equation, namely a functional relation between shear stress and shear strain rate of a corresponding flow layer when the foam flows, and the functional relation is a theoretical basis for calculating foam rheological and hydraulic parameters and guiding actual operation. Due to the existence of foam liquid and two-phase fluid with compressible gas in the foam, factors influencing the rheological property of the foam are many, and factors such as temperature, pressure, shear rate, foam stabilization time, foam quality, foam structure (size and distribution), surfactant type and concentration and the like all have different degrees of influence on the rheological property of the foam.
Since the research on the foam rheological property was initiated in western Brie (SBree) in 1934, many experts and scholars at home and abroad studied the foam rheological property by means of rheological instruments such as a capillary viscometer, a concentric annular viscometer, a rotary viscometer and the like, but mainly focus on the measurement of the foam rheological property at normal temperature and normal pressure. However, as the foam rheological property is influenced by a plurality of variable factors, the difference between the normal-temperature and normal-pressure foam rheological property and the high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological property is large, and even the rule is opposite. At present, experts and scholars engaged in high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological property research are rare, and only a few large companies abroad do some work on the research of complex foam rheological property testing instruments considering temperature and pressure parameters, such as Harliberton, Schlumberger and the like, for carrying out over-current denaturation and compressibility measurement, but the experimental device and the testing method thereof have many problems. The domestic high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological property testing device is mostly found in pipe flow research of drilling fluid and fracturing fluid foam, the pipe diameter and flow velocity equation selection has great influence on the result difference of the rheological equation, and the influence result cannot be evaluated. In addition, some researchers test the rheological property of the prepared foam in a commercial high-temperature high-pressure rheometer after pressurizing the foam, although the pressure and the temperature can be close to the working environment, the prepared foam is not the foam generated under the pressure of the working environment, the foam quality of the tested foam cannot be controlled, or the foam quality controlled by the prepared foam is not the foam quality under the working environment, so that the tested rheological property is greatly different from the foam property under the actual application condition.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological testing system and an experimental method, which are capable of accurately controlling and preparing foam quality and components of a foam fluid at a temperature and a pressure in an operating environment, and are seamlessly connected to a high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit, so as to ensure that a tested foam is a foam system in the operating environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a high temperature, high pressure foam rheology test system, the system comprising: the device comprises a liquid supply and flow control device, a gas supply and flow control device, a foam preparation device, a high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit and a back pressure control device, wherein the foam preparation device is simultaneously connected with the liquid supply and flow control device and the gas supply and flow control device; wherein, be provided with temperature control system in the foam preparation facilities.
The liquid supply and flow control device comprises a high-pressure constant-speed constant-flow liquid flow control pump and a high-pressure intermediate container connected with the high-pressure constant-speed constant-flow liquid flow control pump.
The gas supply and flow control device comprises a high-pressure gas source and a high-pressure gas flow controller connected with the high-pressure gas source.
The gas supply and flow control device further comprises a one-way valve disposed between the high pressure gas flow controller and the foam preparation device.
The foam preparation device is a foam generator, and the foam generator comprises a plurality of layers of screens with different meshes.
The foam generator comprises 7 layers of screens inside, and the mesh number of each layer of screens is 45 meshes, 80 meshes, 170 meshes, 325 meshes, 500 meshes, 800 meshes and 1350 meshes respectively.
The high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit comprises a high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement cup, a measurement rotor arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement cup, a bottom sample injection control valve and a top sample control valve, wherein the bottom sample injection control valve and the top sample control valve are connected with the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement cup, the bottom sample injection control valve is connected with the foam preparation device, and the top sample control valve is connected with the back pressure control device.
A high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological experimental method comprises the following steps: 1) checking whether all parts of the high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test system are connected perfectly; 2) and (3) pressure testing: closing the outlet of the back pressure control device, opening the gas supply and flow control device to charge pressure into the system until the pressure in the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit reaches the set back pressure, and keeping for 30 minutes; measuring the sealing performance and safety of the high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological test system, and releasing pressure after the test is finished; 3) foam preparation in working environment: setting the pressure of a back pressure control device and the temperature of a foam preparation device according to the operating environment conditions, setting the gas flow of a gas supply and flow control device and the liquid flow of a liquid supply and flow control device according to actual needs, controlling the gas and liquid speeds and the gas-liquid ratio, and adjusting the size of the foam dimension through the foam preparation device to obtain foams with different gas-liquid ratios, different pressures and different temperatures simulating the operating environment conditions; 4) the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit receives foam liquid generated under the simulated operation environment condition until the generated foam liquid fills the whole high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit, and the liquid supply and flow control device and the gas supply and flow control device are closed; 5) closing the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit, and decompressing the high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test system; 6) and taking out the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit after the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological test system is relieved, and carrying out rheological research and test on the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: 1. according to the high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test system and method, the gas-liquid ratio is controlled through the liquid supply and flow control device and the gas supply and flow control device, the temperature of the foam preparation device is controlled, and the pressure of the back pressure control device is controlled, so that a foam system can be prepared by accurately controlling the gas-liquid ratio under the temperature and the pressure of an operation environment in a simulated mode, then the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit is connected to enable the test and the preparation to be in seamless connection, the components of the tested foam are guaranteed to be unchanged, the foam rheological performance under the high-temperature high-pressure can be accurately tested, the test result does not need to be analyzed and matched by various mathematical models, the test result is only related to the self performance of the foam, the test result can be repeated. 2. The high-temperature and high-pressure test system can be quickly installed and used, and the experimental method has simple and quick flow and high test accuracy. 3. The invention is provided with a high-temperature and high-pressure foam performance observation device, and can perform comparative analysis on the half life period of the foam. 4. The high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test system and the experimental method have wider application range, and not only can obtain a conventional flow rheological curve such as a shear stress-shear rate curve, but also can obtain the touch energy and the yield force of the high-temperature high-pressure foam.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high temperature, high pressure foam rheology test system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the foam generator of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view taken along section A-A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a high temperature and high pressure rheometry unit of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a high temperature, high pressure rheology measurement unit of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a flow rheology curve obtained using the system and method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graphical representation of thixotropic performance curves obtained using the system and method of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graphical representation of the yield stress curve obtained using the system and method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological testing system, which comprises a liquid supply and flow control device 1, a gas supply and flow control device 2, a foam preparation device 3, a high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit 4, a back pressure control device 5 and a high-temperature and high-pressure foam performance observation device 6. Wherein the liquid supply and flow control device 1 and the gas supply and flow control device 2 are connected to the foam producing device 3, respectively, and the gas and the liquid are mixed in the foam producing device 3 to obtain foam. The liquid supply and flow control device 1 and the gas supply and flow control device 2 can precisely control the output of liquid and gas, so that foams with different gas-liquid ratios can be produced to simulate different working environments. A temperature control system is arranged in the foam preparation device 3, and foams at different temperatures can be obtained. The back pressure control device 5 is connected with the outlet of the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit 4 through the high-temperature and high-pressure foam performance observation device 6, and the back pressure control device 5 can accurately control the system pressure so as to simulate the operation environment to obtain foams under different pressures. The inlet of the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit 4 is connected with the foam preparation device 3, and foam obtained in an operation environment (different gas-liquid ratios, different pressures and different temperatures) is simulated. After the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological test unit 4 is filled with the foam, the outlet and the inlet of the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological test unit 4 are closed, so that the gas-liquid ratio, the pressure and the temperature of the foam in the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological test unit 4 under the preparation condition can be kept, and the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological test unit 4 is installed on a commercial high-grade rheometer to accurately measure and obtain research curves such as a flow rheological curve, a yield force curve and a. The high-temperature and high-pressure foam performance observation device 6 is a high-pressure window, and the high-pressure window is made of silicate glass, so that the stability performance (foam half-life) of foams under different gas-liquid ratios, different pressures and different temperatures can be observed.
In the above embodiment, the liquid supply and flow control device 1 includes a high-pressure constant-speed constant-flow liquid flow control pump 11 and a high-pressure intermediate container 12 connected thereto, the high-pressure constant-speed constant-flow liquid flow control pump 11 can accurately control the liquid flow, and the high-pressure intermediate container 12 is used for filling the foam liquid.
In the above embodiment, the gas supply and flow control device 2 includes the high-pressure gas source 21, the high-pressure gas flow controller 22 connected to the high-pressure gas source 21, and the check valve 23 connected to the high-pressure gas flow controller 22. The high pressure gas flow controller 22 enables precise control of the gas flow. Preferably, a high pressure regulating valve 24 is further provided between the high pressure gas source 21 and the high pressure gas flow controller 22.
In the above embodiment, the high-pressure gas source 21 may be a high-pressure gas cylinder such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, natural gas, and flue gas.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the foam preparation device 3 is a foam generator, the foam generator includes seven layers of screens 31 with different mesh numbers, the mesh numbers of the screens 31 are respectively 45 mesh, 80 mesh, 170 mesh, 325 mesh, 500 mesh, 800 mesh and 1350 mesh, and foams with different sizes can be prepared. The temperature control system in the foam generator comprises a temperature controller and a temperature sensor, and is used for controlling and testing the real-time temperature of the foam to obtain the foam at different temperatures.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit 4 includes a high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement cup 41, a measurement rotor 42 disposed in the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement cup 41, a bottom sample injection control valve 43 connected to the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement cup 41, a pressure detection meter 44, and a top sample control valve 45, wherein the measurement rotor 42 is matched with the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement cup 41, the bottom sample injection control valve 43 is connected to the foam preparation device 3, and the top sample control valve 45 is connected to the back pressure control device 5.
In the above embodiment, the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit 4 is made of stainless steel 316L, and the structure of the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit 4 conforms to german DIN53015 and ISO120587 standards, can be used as an official reference instrument, and can be independently installed on a commercial matching rheometer for testing.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the back pressure control device 5 includes the back pressure valve 51 and the back pressure tracking pump 52 connected to the back pressure valve 51, and the back pressure valve 51 is connected to the high temperature and high pressure rheology measurement unit 4; an outflow liquid collector 53 for collecting waste liquid is also connected to the back pressure valve 51.
Based on the high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test system, the invention also provides a high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test method, which comprises the following steps:
1) checking whether all parts of the high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test system are connected perfectly;
2) and (3) pressure testing: closing the outlet of the back pressure control device 5, opening the gas supply and flow control device 2 to charge the system until the pressure in the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit 4 reaches a set pressure value, and keeping the pressure for 30 min; measuring the sealing performance and safety of the whole high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test system, and releasing pressure after the test is finished;
3) foam preparation in working environment: setting the pressure of a back pressure control device 5 and the temperature of a foam preparation device 3 according to the working environment conditions, setting the gas flow of a gas supply and flow control device 2 and the liquid flow of a liquid supply and flow control device 1 according to actual needs, controlling the gas and liquid speeds and the gas-liquid ratio, and adjusting the size of the foam dimension through the mesh number of a porous screen in the foam preparation device 3, so as to obtain foams with different gas-liquid ratios, different pressures and different temperatures simulating the working environment conditions;
4) the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit 4 receives foam liquid generated under the simulated operation environment condition until the generated foam liquid is full of the whole high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit 4; observing the generation condition of foam in the high-temperature and high-pressure foam performance observation device 6, and closing the liquid supply and flow control device 1 and the gas supply and flow control device 2 after the whole high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit 4 is filled with the foam;
5) closing the bottom sample injection control valve 43 and the top sample control valve 45 of the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit 4, and releasing the pressure of the high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test system;
6) taking out the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit 4 after the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological test system is relieved, and carrying out rheological research test on the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit 4 on a commercial high-grade rheometer;
7) and (5) finishing and cleaning the high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological test system.
The high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test system and the method have the advantages that the foam quality and the components of the foam fluid are accurately controlled and prepared under the temperature and the pressure of an operation environment, the foam quality and the components are connected with the high-temperature high-pressure rheological test unit in a seamless mode, the foam system under the operation environment can be guaranteed to be a test foam system, the high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test has repeatability, test results can be compared, and the test rheological property is the foam property under the construction condition.
The high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological test system and the method are respectively applied to foam rheological tests under the conditions of different gas-liquid ratios, different temperatures and different pressures, and the experimental results are as follows:
example 1:
the foam system is 0.2 percent of AP-P4 and 0.15 percent of sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, the degree of mineralization is 9300 mg/L, the temperature is 65 ℃, the back pressure is 10MPa, the gas-liquid ratio is 1:1-5:1, and the test results of the foam rheological property under different gas-liquid ratios are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 foam rheological Properties at different gas-liquid ratios
Example 2:
the foam system comprises 0.2 percent of AP-P4 and 0.15 percent of sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, the degree of mineralization is 9300 mg/L, the gas-liquid ratio is 2:1, the back pressure is 10MPa, the temperature is 45-95 ℃, and the test results of the foam rheological property at different temperatures are shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 foam rheological Properties at different temperatures
| Temperature/. degree.C | Binary viscosity/mPa.s | 7.34s-1High-pressure viscosity/mPa.s of foam | Yield force/Pa | Thixotropic energy/(Pa/s) | Half foam life/ |
| 45 | 376 | 1047.2 | 3.46 | 4.12 | 83 |
| 55 | 259 | 933.4 | 2.63 | 2.59 | 72 |
| 65 | 194 | 764.4 | 1.69 | 1.54 | 65 |
| 80 | 118 | 588.6 | 1.23 | 1.03 | 39 |
| 95 | 73 | 411 | 0.96 | 0.68 | 21 |
Example 3:
the foam system comprises 0.2 percent of AP-P4 and 0.15 percent of sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, the degree of mineralization is 9300 mg/L, the gas-liquid ratio is 2:1, the temperature is 65 ℃, the back pressure is 4-16MPa, and the test results of the foam rheological property under different pressures are shown in the following table 3.
TABLE 3 foam rheological Properties at different pressures
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, the arrangement position, the connection mode, and the like of each component can be changed, and all equivalent changes and improvements based on the technical scheme of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A high temperature, high pressure foam rheology test system, the system comprising:
the liquid supply and flow control device comprises a high-pressure constant-speed constant-flow liquid flow control pump and a high-pressure intermediate container connected with the high-pressure constant-speed constant-flow liquid flow control pump;
the gas supply and flow control device comprises a high-pressure gas source and a high-pressure gas flow controller connected with the high-pressure gas source;
a foam preparation device connected to both the liquid supply and flow control device and the gas supply and flow control device;
the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit comprises a high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement cup, a measurement rotor arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement cup, a bottom sample injection control valve and a top sample control valve which are connected with the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement cup, wherein the bottom sample injection control valve is connected with the foam preparation device;
the back pressure control device comprises a back pressure valve and a back pressure tracking pump connected with the back pressure valve, and the back pressure valve is connected with a top sample control valve of the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit through a high-temperature high-pressure foam performance observation device;
wherein, be provided with temperature control system in the foam preparation facilities.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the gas supply and flow control device further comprises a one-way valve disposed between the high pressure gas flow controller and the foam preparation device.
3. The system for rheological testing of foam at high temperature and high pressure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the foam preparation device is a foam generator, and the foam generator comprises a plurality of layers of screens with different meshes.
4. The system for rheological testing of foam at high temperature and high pressure according to claim 3, wherein the foam generator comprises 7 layers of screens, and the screens have a mesh size of 45 mesh, 80 mesh, 170 mesh, 325 mesh, 500 mesh, 800 mesh and 1350 mesh.
5. A high temperature and high pressure foam rheology experimental method implemented based on the high temperature and high pressure foam rheology test system of any of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
1) checking whether all parts of the high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test system are connected perfectly;
2) and (3) pressure testing: closing the outlet of the back pressure control device, opening the gas supply and flow control device to charge pressure into the system until the pressure in the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit reaches the set back pressure, and keeping for 30 minutes; measuring the sealing performance and safety of the high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological test system, and releasing pressure after the test is finished;
3) foam preparation in working environment: setting the pressure of a back pressure control device and the temperature of a foam preparation device according to the operating environment conditions, setting the gas flow of a gas supply and flow control device and the liquid flow of a liquid supply and flow control device according to actual needs, controlling the gas and liquid speeds and the gas-liquid ratio, and adjusting the size of the foam dimension through the foam preparation device to obtain foams with different gas-liquid ratios, different pressures and different temperatures simulating the operating environment conditions;
4) the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit receives foam liquid generated under the simulated operation environment condition until the generated foam liquid fills the whole high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit, and the liquid supply and flow control device and the gas supply and flow control device are closed;
5) closing the high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit, and decompressing the high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test system;
6) and taking out the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit after the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological test system is relieved, and carrying out rheological research and test on the high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit.
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