CN108977866B - Laser-assisted spray micro-arc oxidation device - Google Patents

Laser-assisted spray micro-arc oxidation device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108977866B
CN108977866B CN201810957027.8A CN201810957027A CN108977866B CN 108977866 B CN108977866 B CN 108977866B CN 201810957027 A CN201810957027 A CN 201810957027A CN 108977866 B CN108977866 B CN 108977866B
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workpiece
laser
cathode
power supply
arc oxidation
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CN108977866A (en
Inventor
柴永生
李岩
殷守民
牟玲龙
岳艳丽
王�琦
刘希宽
王泽政
李林
李文卓
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Yantai University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/026—Anodisation with spark discharge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/08—Electroplating with moving electrolyte e.g. jet electroplating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser-assisted spray micro-arc oxidation device. The device comprises a double-pulse power supply, a main control computer, a workpiece, a circulating pump, an electrolytic tank, a sprayer, a cathode module and a numerical control machine tool moving main shaft, wherein the device is used for carrying out laser auxiliary spraying, electrolyte sprayed out by a spray head is uniform in concentration under the circulating action of the sprayer, conductive ions are uniformly distributed in a solution, the solution fluctuation brought by a stirring device is solved, the problem that the potential difference is absent in the traditional micro-arc oxidation method is further solved, the generated electric field environment is uniformly distributed, and the uniformity of the surface of the processed workpiece is improved. Meanwhile, the laser side surface of the pulse laser in the cathode sleeve irradiates the workpiece, metal ions on the surface of the workpiece obtain energy, the auxiliary electrode activates the metal activity on the surface of the workpiece, and the cathode module plays a role in auxiliary heating of the workpiece, so that the limitation of the large-size workpiece on the power supply is solved.

Description

Laser-assisted spray micro-arc oxidation device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of micro-arc oxidation, in particular to a laser-assisted spray micro-arc oxidation device for processing a complex workpiece or a large-area workpiece by using a laser-assisted spray micro-arc oxidation technology.
Background
At present, the micro-arc oxidation processing of the surface of a workpiece is mostly realized by directly immersing the workpiece in electrolyte to serve as an anode, connecting an electrolytic tank with a power cathode to serve as a cathode, wherein the area of the cathode is relatively large, no relative movement exists between the cathode and the anode, and the synchronous processing of the surface of the workpiece is realized after the power is on. The processing method has high dependence on the power of the power supply, so the requirements on the power of the power supply are very strict, and the arcing area is uncontrollable. Because of the reasons of non-uniformity of conduction and heating, etc., the surface of the workpiece has the effects of tip discharge and area, and the laboratory experiment and comsol multiphysics simulation verification exist, the determination requirement on the processing technological parameters is very strict. And is only applicable to workpieces having relatively simple surface shapes and relatively small dimensions.
In the scanning type micro-arc oxidation technology in the prior art, the traditional micro-arc oxidation equipment is modified, a stainless steel groove originally used as a cathode is changed into a stainless steel pipe with smaller cross section area (related to power supply), working solution is sprayed out of the steel pipe, a cathode and an anode form a small micro-arc discharge area with the working solution, and a micro-arc oxidation process occurs in the area. The method is mainly used for processing the workpiece with larger surface area, and has low processing effect on the workpiece with small area.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the background technology, the invention provides a laser-assisted spray micro-arc oxidation device which can realize the processing of a large-size workpiece or a workpiece with a complex profile, can solve the area effect and the point discharge phenomenon in the traditional processing device, reduces the limitation of the workpiece size on the output power of a power supply, and realizes the micro-arc oxidation of a specific area through the control of an inter-electrode electric field.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a laser-assisted spray micro-arc oxidation device in this scheme is shown in FIG. 2.
A laser-assisted spray micro-arc oxidation device comprises a double-pulse power supply, a main control computer, a workpiece support, a circulating pump, an electrolytic tank, a sprayer, a cathode module and a numerical control machine tool moving main shaft,
the double-pulse power supply is in full duplex communication with the main control computer through an RS485 protocol, the parameters of the double-pulse power supply are set through the main control computer, and the set parameters comprise: the positive voltage value, the negative voltage value, the positive current value, the negative current value, the duty ratio value and the pulse frequency are transmitted back to the main control computer in real time and recorded in the processing process, so that the influence of a processing scheme on the electric parameters is conveniently researched later;
the positive pole of the double pulse power supply is connected with the workpiece, the negative pole is connected with the cathode module, the workpiece is arranged on a workpiece support in the electrolytic tank, so that the workpiece is positioned above the liquid level of the electrolyte,
the cathode module is fixed at the lower end part of the movable main shaft of the numerical control machine tool, is insulated with the movable main shaft of the numerical control machine tool by rubber wrapping,
the cathode module comprises a pulse laser and a cathode sleeve, the pulse laser passes through the hollow cathode sleeve and is sleeved in the cathode sleeve, and the position of the pulse laser in the cathode sleeve can be adjusted, so that the division of energy level is realized by adjusting the position of a laser head of the pulse laser and the intensity of a laser power supply of the pulse laser,
the cathode modules and the workpiece are close to each other in the vertical direction but do not contact with each other, namely a certain electrode distance is kept,
the sprayer nozzle is arranged near the middle part of the electrode spacing, and the sprayer is communicated with the bottom of the electrolytic tank through a circulating pump with a cooling function,
wherein the electrolyte has a concentration of 12 g.L -1 Na of (2) 2 SiO 3 Solution with additive concentration of 2g.L -1 NaOH and 3 g.L -1 C of (2) 6 H 15 NO 3 。
Preferably, the circulating pump is connected with the electrolytic tank through the hose, and the connecting position is higher than a certain position at the bottom of the electrolytic tank, so that the problem of blockage caused by impurities entering the circulating pump can be effectively avoided, and the electrolytic tank is made of plastic materials, so that the corrosion phenomenon is avoided.
Innovative analysis:
the innovation of the device is that the sprayer at the middle position of the electrode spacing and the cathode module are designed, and the pulse laser in the cathode sleeve is arranged. The sprayer is arranged to maintain the constant temperature of the reaction, and to make the electric field environment uniform, so that the electrolyte has no concentration change and the ion concentration is uniform, and the properties (thickness, hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and the like) of the obtained film are uniform; the laser side of the pulse laser in the cathode sleeve irradiates the workpiece, metal ions on the surface of the workpiece obtain energy, the auxiliary electrode activates the metal activity on the surface of the workpiece, the cathode module plays a role in auxiliary heating on the workpiece, the voltage of the double-pulse power supply is reduced through auxiliary heating of the laser beam, a better processing effect can be realized under low voltage, the limitation of the size of the workpiece on the output power of the power supply is correspondingly reduced, the effective energy utilization rate of the power supply is improved, and the processing cost is saved.
Here, it should be noted that the pulse laser in the cathode sleeve plays a role in assisting heating, which seems simple, and there is no corresponding technical teaching in the prior art. The reason is that the workpiece immersion type and scanning type machining schemes in the prior art cannot add the device in technical principle (one is completely immersed in electrolyte, an electrolytic tank is taken as a cathode, and cannot be added, and the other is limited in size and electrolyte circulation mode, and cannot be added), so that under the thought of the technical scheme in the prior art, the idea that the temperature assistance is achieved by a pulse laser at the cathode is not formed under the condition that the heating of an electrode field is impossible in the scheme in the prior art. The device can realize the partial or integral micro-arc oxidation of the surface of a workpiece with large size and complex surface, solve the problems of area effect and point discharge, reduce the limitation of the workpiece size on the output power of a power supply through the auxiliary temperature rise of laser beams, improve the effective energy utilization rate of the power supply, and realize the purposes of maintaining the constant reaction temperature and the uniform electric field environment under the action of a spraying device so as to achieve the unification of the surface properties of a film layer.
The micro-arc oxidation device has the advantages that good surface machining quality is easy to obtain, local or whole micro-arc oxidation can be efficiently carried out on a large-size workpiece in practical aspect, data are transmitted to a main control computer through an RS485 protocol, analysis and processing on electric parameters are facilitated, and a plurality of electrode distances can be changed to obtain an optimal micro-arc oxidation scheme; trial and error processing can be performed in the same equipment. The shape of the complex workpiece is adaptively processed, so that the effective energy utilization rate of the power supply is improved, and the controllability of the surface quality and thickness of the film layer is realized.
The device is characterized in that the concentration of electrolyte sprayed out by a sprayer nozzle is uniform under the circulation action of a circulating pump by performing laser auxiliary spraying, and the distribution of conductive ions in the solution is uniform, so that the solution fluctuation caused by a stirring device in the prior art is solved, the problem of lack of potential difference in the conventional micro-arc oxidation method is further solved, the generated electric field environment is uniformly distributed, and the uniformity of the surface of a processed workpiece is improved. Meanwhile, the laser side surface of the cathode module irradiates the workpiece, ions on the surface of the workpiece obtain energy, the auxiliary electrode activates the surface activity of the workpiece, and the cathode module carries out auxiliary temperature rise on the workpiece, so that the limitation of the large-size workpiece on the power supply is solved. The laser intensity and the discharge interval can be adaptively adjusted by adjusting the numerical control device. The shape of the complex workpiece is adaptively processed, so that the effective energy utilization rate of the power supply is improved, and the controllability of the surface quality and thickness of the film layer is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural view of a test workpiece 3 according to example 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser-assisted spray micro-arc oxidation apparatus according to example 1.
Fig. 3 is a partial view of the cathode module 7 of example 1.
The figure identifies the description: the device comprises a double-pulse power supply 1, a main control computer 2, a workpiece 3, a circulating pump 4, an electrolytic tank 5, a sprayer 6, a cathode module 7 and a numerical control machine tool moving main shaft 8, wherein the workpiece support 3-1, a pulse laser 7-1 and a cathode sleeve 7-2.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The workpiece 3 is aviation aluminum, and the specific shape is shown in fig. 1.
The processing of the workpiece 3 is shown in fig. 1, and a hole with a diameter of 6mm is punched in the upper left corner of the workpiece 3 for connection with the positive electrode lead of the double pulse power supply 1.
The processing flow of the workpiece 3 is that the workpiece is sequentially polished by 240#, 400# and 800# abrasive paper, then is put into acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 10min twice, and then is dried and bagged for standby by using a common blower.
The parameters of the double-pulse power supply 1 are set by the main control computer 2 through an RS485 protocol.
The surface morphology was observed using a TESCAN VEGA-XMU scanning electron microscope for the surface microscopic morphology of the ceramic film.
The thickness of the film layer is measured by an eddy current thickness gauge, 8 points are measured, the extreme value is removed, and the average value is obtained.
The specific scheme is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a laser-assisted spray micro-arc oxidation device comprises a double-pulse power supply 1, a main control computer 2, a workpiece 3, a workpiece support 3-1, a circulating pump 4, an electrolytic tank 5, a sprayer 6, a cathode module 7 and a numerical control machine tool moving main shaft 8,
the double-pulse power supply 1 is in full duplex communication with the main control computer 2 through an RS485 protocol, parameters of the double-pulse power supply 1 are set through the main control computer 2, and the set parameters comprise: the positive voltage value, the negative voltage value, the positive current value, the negative current value, the duty ratio value and the pulse frequency are transmitted back to the main control computer 2 in real time and recorded in the processing process, so that the influence of the processing scheme on the electric parameters is conveniently researched later;
the positive electrode of the double-pulse power supply 2 is connected with the workpiece 1, the negative electrode is connected with the cathode module 7, and the workpiece 3 is arranged on a workpiece support column 3-1 in the electrolytic tank 5, so that the workpiece 3 is positioned above the liquid level of the electrolyte and is not contacted with the electrolyte;
the cathode module 7 is fixed at the lower end part of the numerical control machine moving main shaft 8 and is insulated from the numerical control machine moving main shaft 8 by rubber wrapping;
the cathode module 7 comprises a pulse laser 7-1 and a cathode sleeve 7-2, the pulse laser 7-1 passes through the hollow cathode sleeve 7-2 and is sleeved in the cathode sleeve 7-2, and the position of the pulse laser 7-1 in the cathode sleeve 7-2 can be adjusted, so that the division of energy level is realized by adjusting the position of a laser head of the pulse laser 7-1 and the intensity of a laser power supply of the pulse laser 7-1;
the cathode modules 7 and the workpiece 3 are close to each other in the vertical direction but do not contact with each other, namely a certain electrode distance is kept;
the spray head of the sprayer 6 is arranged near the middle part of the distance between the workpiece 3 and the cathode module 7, and the sprayer 6 is communicated with the bottom of the electrolytic tank 5 through the circulating pump 4,
wherein the electrolyte has a concentration of 12 g.L -1 Na 2 SiO 3 Solution with additive concentration of 2g.L -1 NaOH and 3 g.L - 1 C 6 H 15 NO 3 。
In this example, circulating pump 4 links to each other with electrolysis trough 5 through the hose, and the junction is higher than the certain position in electrolysis trough 5 bottom, can effectively avoid impurity to get into and bring the problem of jam into circulating pump 4, and electrolysis trough 5 has avoided the corruption phenomenon for the plastics material.
The laser-assisted spray micro-arc oxidation film control method of the embodiment is different from the existing micro-arc oxidation method. The cathode module 7 with adjustable cathode-anode distance is used as a reaction cathode and is connected with the movable main shaft 8 of the numerical control machine tool to realize the fine adjustment function. Referring to fig. 2, the sprayer 6 is communicated with the bottom of the electrolytic tank 5 through the circulating pump 4, the circulating pump 4 is adopted to circulate electrolyte, the spray head of the sprayer 6 sprays atomized electrolyte, and the design of the water inlet is arranged at the upper position of the lower end of the plastic container so as to free impurities, avoid the influence on the circulating pump and realize the maximum cooling effect.
Electrolyte is uniformly sprayed between the anode and cathode of the reaction through the nozzle of the sprayer 6, and the electrolyte which participates in the reaction can flow back to the electrolytic tank 5 again, so that the recycling is realized, and the processing cost is saved. The workpiece 3 is placed above the electrolyte and connected with the positive electrode of the double-pulse power supply 1 to serve as a reaction anode. The cathode module 7 is connected with the movable main shaft 8 of the numerical control machine tool, and can be adjusted up and down to meet the requirements of different electrode spacing changes, and the cathode module 7 is connected with the cathode of the double-pulse power supply 1. Meanwhile, the numerical control machine tool moving main shaft 8 is wrapped by rubber, insulation of the cathode module 7 and the numerical control machine tool moving main shaft 8 is achieved, and damage to devices is avoided.
The electrode spacing change is set to be 0.5-40mm for experimental verification:
the electrode spacing between the workpiece 3 and the cathode module 7 was set to 5mm,
the polished workpiece 3 is arranged in an electrolytic tank 5, the prepared electrolyte is poured in, a circulating pump 4 is started firstly, a double-pulse power supply 1 is started after the electrolyte is uniformly and stably sprayed, the electrolyte is uniformly sprayed between the reacted workpiece 3 and a cathode module 7 through a spray head of a sprayer 6, the electrolyte which participates in the reaction can flow back to the electrolytic tank 5,
then, the movement of the movable main shaft 8 of the numerical control machine tool is precisely controlled through G codes, so that the cathode module 7 moves in parallel on the surface of the workpiece 3 precisely, machining at different positions is realized, when the arc extinction phenomenon occurs, the pulse power supply 1 is turned off firstly, the circulating pump 4 is turned off after the surface of the workpiece 3 is stable, the machining time and the cycle times are recorded, and the machining of the workpiece 3 under set conditions is completed once.
And taking down the workpiece 3, and filling the workpiece into a storage bag for standby after the surface is air-dried. And replacing a new workpiece 3, readjusting the electrode spacing and the electric parameters, and repeating the processing process.
And carrying out unified observation and measurement after all the workpieces 3 are machined.
The surface morphology of the workpiece 3 is observed by using a TESCAN VEGA-XMU scanning electron microscope to observe the surface microscopic morphology of the ceramic membrane layer. The thickness of the film layer is measured by an eddy current thickness gauge, 8 points are measured, the extreme value is removed, and the average value is obtained.
Comparative example
The workpiece 3 was polished, cleaned and dried as in example 1.
The well-known immersion type micro-arc oxidation method using an electrolytic cell as a cathode adopts a double-pulse power supply of the embodiment 1, has a maximum output voltage of 800V, and is provided with different electrical parameters through RS485 communication. The stainless steel box is used as an electrolyte box and is connected with the negative electrode of the double-pulse power supply, and the sample is immersed in the electrolyte and is connected with the positive electrode of the double-pulse power supply. The temperature of the electrolyte is kept at room temperature by adopting external circulating cooling water, and the electrolyte is stirred by an air pump. The electrolyte and the additive were the same as in example 1.
And setting electric parameters, switching on a pulse power supply to process, switching off a double-pulse power supply after arc extinction occurs, and taking down the workpiece 3 to finish one-time processing. The surface morphology of the workpiece 3 is observed by using a TESCAN VEGA-XMU scanning electron microscope to observe the surface microscopic morphology of the ceramic membrane layer. The thickness of the film layer is measured by an eddy current thickness gauge, 8 points are measured, the extreme value is removed, and the average value is obtained.
Example 1 the workpiece 3 was processed based on the laser-assisted spray micro-arc oxidation technique, the set electrical parameters of the comparative example were shown in table 1 under the conditions that the electrode spacing was 5mm and the processing time was the same for 60min, the surface properties of the workpiece were measured by processing as shown in table 1, the thickness of the film layer was improved, the porosity was reduced, the surface thickness of the workpiece was more uniform by inspection, and the area effect was significantly reduced under the condition that the voltage of the comparative example was lower than that of the example 1.
Table 1, comparison of example 1 with comparative examples parameter index

Claims (2)

1. The laser auxiliary spraying micro-arc oxidation device comprises a double-pulse power supply, a main control computer, a workpiece and a workpiece support, wherein the double-pulse power supply is in full duplex communication with the main control computer through an RS485 protocol, and parameters are transmitted back to the main control computer in real time and recorded in the processing process;
it is characterized by also comprising a circulating pump, an electrolytic tank, a sprayer, a cathode module and a numerical control machine tool moving main shaft,
the positive pole of the double pulse power supply is connected with the workpiece, the negative pole is connected with the cathode module, the workpiece is arranged on a workpiece support column in the electrolytic tank, so that the workpiece is positioned above the liquid level of the electrolyte and is not contacted with the electrolyte,
the cathode module is fixed at the lower end part of the movable main shaft of the numerical control machine tool, is insulated with the movable main shaft of the numerical control machine tool by rubber wrapping,
the cathode module comprises a pulse laser and a cathode sleeve, the pulse laser passes through the hollow cathode sleeve and is sleeved in the cathode sleeve, and the position of the pulse laser in the cathode sleeve can be adjusted, so that the division of energy level is realized by adjusting the position of a laser head of the pulse laser and the intensity of a laser power supply of the pulse laser,
the cathode modules and the workpiece are close to each other but not contacted in the vertical direction,
the sprayer nozzle is arranged near the middle part of the electrode spacing, and is communicated with the bottom of the electrolytic tank through a circulating pump,
wherein the electrolyte has a concentration of 12 g.L -1 Na of (2) 2 SiO 3 Solution with additive concentration of 2g.L -1 NaOH and concentration 3 g.L -1 C of (2) 6 H 15 NO 3 。
2. The laser-assisted spray micro-arc oxidation device according to claim 1, wherein the circulating pump is connected with the electrolytic tank through a hose, and the connection is higher than the bottom of the electrolytic tank.
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CN109609990B (en) * 2019-02-18 2019-12-10 西南交通大学 Automatic micro-arc oxidation treatment method for surface of large-size workpiece
CN110230082B (en) * 2019-07-18 2021-06-25 烟台大学 Device and method for preparing cluster cathode micro-arc oxidation film
CN110614428B (en) * 2019-08-09 2021-08-03 江苏大学 Laser and spray electrochemical discharge combined machining device and method
CN110904485B (en) * 2019-12-25 2023-07-25 浙江工业大学 Scanning type laser-assisted micro-arc oxidation device and method
CN111286772B (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-06-01 贵州中医药大学第一附属医院 Coating preparation system
CN113913892A (en) * 2021-10-29 2022-01-11 西安庄信新材料科技有限公司 Micro-arc oxidation device with variable cathode area and surface treatment method
CN113897654B (en) * 2021-11-11 2023-03-28 浙江工业大学 Coaxial laser-assisted micro-arc oxidation device and method
CN115012014A (en) * 2022-06-27 2022-09-06 西安赛福斯材料防护有限责任公司 Preparation method of metal workpiece surface oxidation film layer under multiphase condition

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