CN108972107A - A kind of lathe - Google Patents
A kind of lathe Download PDFInfo
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- CN108972107A CN108972107A CN201810911549.4A CN201810911549A CN108972107A CN 108972107 A CN108972107 A CN 108972107A CN 201810911549 A CN201810911549 A CN 201810911549A CN 108972107 A CN108972107 A CN 108972107A
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- guide rail
- axis
- axis guide
- variable diameter
- handwheel
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- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
- B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of lathe, belongs to the field of process equipment, in particular to a kind of lathe for processing circle feature.Including pedestal, Y-axis guide rail, X-axis guide rail, composite slider, power head and drive rod；Y-axis guide rail is fixedly connected with the base, and the rectilinear direction sliding that composite slider is guided along Y-axis guide rail, X-axis guide rail is on composite slider along the rectilinear direction sliding of X-axis guide rail guiding；The first end of X-axis guide rail is slidably connected with power head；The first end of X-axis guide rail and the relative position of power head can lock；The rotation connection of the second end of drive rod and X-axis guide rail；Drive rod is around a fixed axis revolution on the base, and the revolution-radius of drive rod is adjustable and locks, and the motion profile 1:1's of drive rod passes to power head.The present invention processes hole characteristic and does not depend on tool specification, processes hole or circular groove feature is low for equipment requirements, processing cost is low, solve the problems of the prior art.
Description
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of lathe, belongs to the field of process equipment, in particular to a kind of lathe for processing circle feature.
Background technique
In the prior art, especially softer in object hardness to be processed, such as timber, nonmetallic, soft metal manufacture field.
Processing hole characteristic is needed using drilling machine, and the hole characteristic of corresponding diameter is processed using the drill bit of corresponding diameter, right
Answer the specification of drill bit more, and the size in hole cannot select arbitrary value.
Processing hole or circular groove feature are needed using milling machine, by processing object clamping to be processed on rotary tooling；Or
It is processed using CNC milling machine, the high requirements on the equipment, i.e., processing cost is high.
When existing numerically-controlled machine tool processes circle feature, need to control the numerical-control motor of two orthogonal directions of cutter head position,
It is moved under the control of interpolation arithmetic method, so that circular trace is generated, but this interpolated movements can only infinitely approach circle,
Inherently have deviation from circular from, precision low, especially lathe loads in biggish situation, and numerical-control motor is easy to lose step, Jiu Huizao
Accumulated error is generated at subsequent movement.
To sum up, there is an urgent need to design a kind of lathe, following problems in the prior art are solved:
1, processing hole characteristic relies on tool specification；
2, it processes hole or circular groove feature the high requirements on the equipment, processing cost is high；
3, existing numerically-controlled machine tool processing circle feature, precision are low, are easy accumulated error.
Summary of the invention
Present invention is directed primarily to solve in the prior art: processing hole characteristic relies on tool specification；Process hole or circular groove feature
The high problem of the high requirements on the equipment, processing cost, provides a kind of lathe.
To achieve the goals above, the scheme is as follows:
There is provided a kind of lathe, characterized in that including pedestal, Y-axis guide rail, X-axis guide rail, composite slider, power head and driving
Bar；Y-axis guide rail is fixedly connected with the base, and the rectilinear direction sliding that composite slider is guided along Y-axis guide rail, X-axis guide rail is on composite slider
Along the rectilinear direction sliding of X-axis guide rail guiding；The first end of X-axis guide rail is slidably connected with power head, and direction and the Y-axis of sliding are led
The rectilinear direction of rail guiding is vertical, also vertical with the rectilinear direction of X-axis guide rail guiding；The first end of X-axis guide rail and power head
Relative position can lock；The rotation connection of the second end of drive rod and X-axis guide rail；Drive rod is around a fixed axis on the base
Line revolution, the revolution-radius of drive rod is adjustable and locks.
Further, a kind of lathe, characterized in that further include Z axis guide rail and Z axis sliding block；X-axis guide rail and Z axis
Guide rail is connected, and Z axis sliding block is slided along the direction that Z axis guide rail guides；Power head and Z axis sliding block are connected；The straight line of Y-axis guide rail guiding
The rectilinear direction that direction is guided with X-axis guide rail is mutually perpendicular to；The rectilinear direction of fixed axis and Y-axis guide rail guiding on the base
Vertically, also vertical with the rectilinear direction of X-axis guide rail guiding.
Further, a kind of lathe, characterized in that further include Z axis handwheel and Z axis brake；Z axis guide rail guidance
Direction it is vertical with pedestal upper surface；Z axis sliding block may be implemented along the adjusting of Z axis guide rail moving displacement in rotation Z axis handwheel；Driving
Z axis brake, Z axis sliding block and Z axis guide rail will lock.
Further, a kind of lathe, characterized in that further include Z axis screw rod；Z axis handwheel and Z axis screw rod are coaxially solid
Even, the axial direction of Z axis screw rod is parallel with the direction that Z axis guide rail guides；Z axis screw rod first end and Z axis guide rail rotation connect, Z axis silk
Bar second end and Z axis slipper screw cooperate, and Z axis handwheel periphery is equipped with scale, and Z axis guide rail corresponding position is equipped with cue mark.
Further, a kind of lathe, characterized in that the power head is by power unit, collet and cutter group
At；The output shaft of power unit is coaxially connected with collet, and power unit drives collet rotation, and collet is used for clamping cutter, clamping
The rotation axis of cutter and the axis collinear of collet, cutter can be drill bit or milling cutter afterwards.
Further, a kind of lathe, characterized in that further include column；Column is fixedly connected with the base, column and Y
Axis rail is connected, and the direction of Y-axis guide rail guidance is parallel with pedestal upper surface；Composite slider is slided along the direction that Y-axis guide rail guides,
For X-axis guide rail along the rectilinear direction sliding of X-axis guide rail guiding on composite slider, X-axis guide rail is parallel with pedestal upper surface.
Further, a kind of lathe, characterized in that further include fixing seat, shaft, variable diameter sliding block, the second handwheel
With radial brake；Fixing seat is fixedly connected with the base, and fixing seat top is equipped with shaft, and shaft and fixing seat rotation connect, and turn
The axis of axis is vertical with pedestal upper surface；Shaft top and variable diameter guide rail first end are connected；The axis rotation of the rich shaft of variable diameter guide rail
Turn, variable diameter sliding block is slided along the direction of variable diameter rail guidance；Rotating the second handwheel may be implemented variable diameter sliding block along variable diameter guide rail fortune
The adjusting of dynamic displacement, drives radial brake, and variable diameter sliding block and variable diameter guide rail will lock.
Further, a kind of lathe, characterized in that further include variable diameter screw rod；Second handwheel and variable diameter screw rod are same
Axis is connected, and the axial direction of variable diameter screw rod is parallel with the direction of variable diameter rail guidance, variable diameter screw rod first end and variable diameter guide rail second end
Rotation connection, variable diameter screw rod second end and variable diameter slipper screw cooperate；Second handwheel periphery is equipped with scale, and variable diameter guide rail is corresponding
Position is equipped with cue mark.
Further, a kind of lathe, characterized in that further include handle；Variable diameter sliding block and drive rod are connected, driving
The axis of bar is parallel with shaft；Handle and the rotation of drive rod top connect, operator's rocking-turn handle, realize that the rich shaft of drive rod turns
It is dynamic.
Further, a kind of lathe, characterized in that further include the first retarder and the first handwheel；First slows down
The shell and fixing seat of device are connected, and the output shaft of the first retarder is exactly shaft, the input shaft of the first retarder and the first handwheel
Coaxial to be connected, the first handwheel periphery is equipped with scale, and the first retarder corresponding position is equipped with cue mark.
The present invention processes hole characteristic and does not depend on tool specification, processes hole or circular groove feature is low for equipment requirements, processing cost
It is low, solve the problems of the prior art.
Detailed description of the invention
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and of the invention shows
Examples and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention for meaning property, does not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is one three-dimensional view of lathe embodiment；
Fig. 2 is one three-dimensional view of lathe embodiment；
Fig. 3 is one top view of lathe embodiment；
Fig. 4 is one diameter changing device explosive view of lathe embodiment；
Fig. 5 is two three-dimensional view of lathe embodiment；
Fig. 6 is three three-dimensional view of lathe embodiment；
Fig. 7 is lathe example IV three-dimensional view；
Fig. 8 is lathe example IV diameter changing device explosive view；
Fig. 9 is lathe example IV top view；
Figure 10 is lathe example IV three-dimensional view；
Figure 11 is five three-dimensional view of lathe embodiment；
Figure 12 is six three-dimensional view of lathe embodiment.
In the figure, it is marked as
11, pedestal；111, zero-bit；12, column；13, fixing seat；
21, Y-axis guide rail；22, composite slider；23, X-axis guide rail；24, Z axis guide rail；241, Z axis handwheel；242, Z axis numerical control
Motor；25, Z axis sliding block；251, motor rack；252, motor cabinet；
31, power unit；311, motor；312, main shaft retarder；32, collet；33, cutter；
41, variable diameter guide rail；411, the second handwheel；412, the second numerical-control motor；42, variable diameter sliding block；421, drive rod；422,
Handle；423, radial brake；4231, brake block；4232, brake handle；43, flange；44, basal disc；441, retainer；442,
Diameter change track；45, turntable；451, variable diameter sliding slot；
51, shaft；52, the first retarder；521, the first handwheel；522, the first numerical-control motor.
Specific embodiment
Below against attached drawing, by the description of the embodiment, making to a specific embodiment of the invention further details of
Explanation, it is therefore an objective to those skilled in the art be helped to have more complete, accurate and deep reason to design of the invention, technical solution
Solution, and facilitate its implementation.
It is stated herein according to the coordinate system that Fig. 1 to 3 illustrates.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, lathe include pedestal 11, Y-axis guide rail 21, X-axis guide rail 23, composite slider 22,
Power head and drive rod 421；Y-axis guide rail 21 and pedestal 11 are connected, and composite slider 22 is sliding along the rectilinear direction that Y-axis guide rail 21 guides
Rectilinear direction sliding dynamic, that X-axis guide rail 23 guides on composite slider 22 along X-axis guide rail 23；The first end of X-axis guide rail 23 and dynamic
Power head is slidably connected, and the direction of sliding is vertical with the rectilinear direction that Y-axis guide rail 21 guides, the straight line also guided with X-axis guide rail 23
Direction is vertical；The first end of X-axis guide rail 23 and the relative position of power head can lock；The of drive rod 421 and X-axis guide rail 23
The rotation connection of two ends；For drive rod 421 around a fixed axis revolution on the base 11, the revolution-radius of drive rod 421 can be with
It adjusts and locks；The revolution track of drive rod 421 passes to power head, the motion profile of power head and drive by X-axis guide rail 23
The revolution track of lever 421 is identical.
Further,
It further include Z axis guide rail 24 and Z axis sliding block 25；The first end and Z axis guide rail 24 of X-axis guide rail are connected, 25 edge of Z axis sliding block
The direction sliding that Z axis guide rail 24 guides；Power head and Z axis sliding block 25 are connected；The rectilinear direction that Y-axis guide rail 21 guides is led with X-axis
The rectilinear direction that rail 23 guides is mutually perpendicular to；Fixed axis on the base 11 is vertical with the rectilinear direction that Y-axis guide rail 21 guides,
It is also vertical with the rectilinear direction that X-axis guide rail 23 guides.
Specifically, embodiment one,
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4,
Power head is that driving cutter 33 rotates, so that the device of principal cutting movement is generated, by power unit 31,32 and of collet
Cutter 33 forms；The output shaft of power unit 31 is coaxial connected with collet 32, and power unit 31 drives collet 32 to rotate, collet 32
For clamping cutter 33, the axis collinear of the rotation axis of cutter 33 and collet 32, cutter can be drill bit or milling cutter after clamping；
The preferred electric energy of the energy of power unit 31, power unit 31 include motor 311, drive collet 32 to rotate by motor 311, can
Be motor 311 output shaft directly with collet 32 is coaxial is connected, can also further include main shaft retarder 312, motor 311
Torque amplified by main shaft retarder 312 after, it is coaxial connected by the output shaft and collet 32 of main shaft retarder 312.
11 upper surface of pedestal is working face, and for placing and fixing object to be processed, column 12 and pedestal 11 are connected, column 12
Setting two, the top of column 12 are connected with the both ends of Y-axis guide rail 21 respectively, on the direction and pedestal 11 that Y-axis guide rail 21 guides
Surface is parallel；Composite slider 22 can regard the orthogonal combination of two sliding blocks as, and upper part and lower part all have to be slided with guide rail
The function of cooperation, further, composite slider 22 are slided along the direction that Y-axis guide rail 21 guides, and X-axis guide rail 23 is in composite slider 22
On the rectilinear direction sliding that is guided along X-axis guide rail 23, X-axis guide rail 23 is parallel with 11 upper surface of pedestal；Y-axis guide rail 21 guides straight
The rectilinear direction that line direction is guided with X-axis guide rail 23 is mutually perpendicular to；More specifically, the knot that is slidably matched of composite slider 22 and guide rail
Structure can be linear bearing and linear guides, can be the structure that dovetail groove is slidably matched, can also be cylinder linear bearing with
The structure of cylindrical guide cooperation.
The first end (- X to end) of X-axis guide rail is connected with the first end (Z-direction end) of Z axis guide rail 24, Z axis sliding block 25
It is slided along the direction that Z axis guide rail 24 guides, the direction that Z axis guide rail 24 guides is vertical with 11 upper surface of pedestal；It further include Z axis handwheel
241, Z axis sliding block 25 may be implemented along the adjusting of 24 moving displacement of Z axis guide rail in rotation Z axis handwheel 241, in more detail, Z axis handwheel
241 are coaxially connected with Z axis screw rod, and the axial direction of Z axis screw rod is parallel with the direction that Z axis guide rail 24 guides, Z axis screw rod first end and Z
The rotation connection of axis rail 24, Z axis screw rod second end and 25 threaded engagement of Z axis sliding block, 241 periphery of Z axis handwheel are equipped with scale, Z
24 corresponding position of axis rail is equipped with cue mark, reads scale value when Z axis handwheel 241 rotates, obtains Z axis sliding block 25 along Z axis
The displacement that guide rail 24 moves drives Z axis brake, thus by Z axis sliding block 25 and Z when Z axis sliding block 25 is located at required position
Axis rail 24 locks, and there is no relative motion, the scheme and structure prior art of Z axis brake are more also very mature, this
Text is not repeating.Power head and Z axis sliding block 25 are connected, and the rotation axis of cutter 33 is vertical with 11 upper surface of pedestal, in more detail,
Power unit 31 and motor cabinet 252 are fixed together by motor rack 251, further, between motor rack 251 and motor cabinet 252
Power unit 31 is held tightly by assembly；Motor cabinet 252 and Z axis sliding block 25 are connected.
Fixing seat 13 and pedestal 11 are connected, and more specifically, 12 lower part of fixing seat is equipped with support column, support column lower part and pedestal
11 be connected, fixing seat 13 be located at pedestal 11X to end；13 top of fixing seat is equipped with shaft 51, and shaft 51 and fixing seat 13 are revolved
Turn connection, and the axis of shaft 51 is vertical with 11 upper surface of pedestal；51 top of shaft and 41 first end of variable diameter guide rail are connected, more
Specifically, the lower part of 41 first end of variable diameter guide rail and flange 43 are connected, hole is equipped in the middle part of flange 43, this hole is upper with shaft 51
Portion is connected；Variable diameter guide rail 41 have mercy on shaft 51 axis rotation, variable diameter sliding block 42 along the direction that variable diameter guide rail 41 guide sliding, more
Body, further include the second handwheel 411, and variable diameter sliding block 42 may be implemented along 41 moving displacement of variable diameter guide rail in the second handwheel 411 of rotation
Adjusting, further specifically, the second handwheel 411 is coaxially connected with variable diameter screw rod, the axial direction and variable diameter guide rail 41 of variable diameter screw rod
The direction of guidance is parallel, variable diameter screw rod first end preferably with 41 second end of variable diameter guide rail rotate connect, variable diameter screw rod second end with
42 threaded engagement of variable diameter sliding block, 411 periphery of the second handwheel are equipped with scale, and 41 corresponding position of variable diameter guide rail is equipped with cue mark,
The scale value when rotation of the second handwheel 411 is read, obtains the displacement that variable diameter sliding block 42 is moved along variable diameter guide rail 41, when variable diameter is sliding
When block 42 is located at required position, radial brake 423 is driven, so that variable diameter sliding block 42 and variable diameter guide rail 41 are locked, there is no
Relative motion；Variable diameter sliding block 42 and drive rod 421 are connected, and the axis of drive rod 421 is parallel with shaft 51, drive rod 421 and X-axis
The second end of guide rail 23 rotates connection, and more specifically, the second end of X-axis guide rail 23 is equipped with a circular hole, 421 cylindrical portion of drive rod
Dividing and is inserted into this circular hole, the circular hole of 421 column part of drive rod and 23 second end of X-axis guide rail radially only has small gap,
The two rotatable engagement；Drive rod 421 is driven rich shaft 51 to rotate, and more specifically, handle 422 is connect with 421 top of drive rod,
It is preferred that rotation connection, operator's rocking-turn handle 422, realize drive rod 421 have mercy on shaft 51 rotation.
As shown in figure 3, drive rod 421 is had mercy on, shaft 51 is rotated, and the second end of drive rod 421 and X-axis guide rail 23, which rotates, to be connected,
Again since X-axis guide rail 23 can only be translatable in the plane parallel with 11 upper surface of pedestal, the rotational trajectory meeting of 421 axis of drive rod
The first end for passing to X-axis guide rail 23 of 1:1 so that the motion profile of the cutter 33 connected with the first end of X-axis guide rail 23 with
Drive rod 421 is identical.Variable diameter sliding block 42 is adjusted by the second handwheel 411 of rotation to move in variable diameter guide rail 41, obtains desired essence
True 421 radius of turn of drive rod, the radius of 33 motion profile of this radius of turn value i.e. cutter.When drive rod 421
Axis is adjusted to when being overlapped with the axis of shaft 51, and the radius of turn of drive rod 421 is 0, the radius of 33 motion profile of cutter
It is 0,33 axis of cutter is overlapped with the axis of the zero-bit 111 of 11 upper surface of pedestal at this time, and zero-bit 111 can be hole and be also possible to
Axis for the position adjustment before treating machining object clamping and positions.
When needing to process annular groove category feature, object to be processed is fixed on 11 upper surface machining area of pedestal, rotation second
After handwheel 411 adjusts the radius of turn of drive rod 421 to get the radius of turn of desired cutter 33 is arrived, radial brake is driven
423, so that variable diameter sliding block 42 and variable diameter guide rail 41 are locked, it is after rotation Z axis handwheel 241 adjusts 33 amount of feeding of cutter, Z axis is sliding
Block 25 and Z axis guide rail 24 lock, and rotating handle 422 processes annular groove category feature.As the Z-direction amount of feeding increases annular groove internal material
Removal forms circular hole；, by changing 33 radius of turn of cutter, it can also realize that milling is flat by fixing cutter 33Z to height
The effect of region feature；Object to be processed can also be drilled out centre bore on other lathes, it then will be to be processed with the methods of pin
Object is fixed on 11 upper surface of pedestal and centre bore is overlapped with 111 axis of zero-bit, the circle feature processed in this way be pre-machined
Centre bore out is coaxial.
Specifically, embodiment two,
As shown in figure 5, on the basis of example 1, in order to increase the torque of the driving rotation of variable diameter guide rail 41 so as to cutter
33 obtain bigger cutting force, increase the first retarder 52 and the first handwheel 521；The shell and fixing seat 13 of first retarder 52
It is connected, the output shaft and shaft 51 (Fig. 4 shows) of the first retarder 52 are coaxial connected, it is understood that for the defeated of the first retarder 52
Shaft is exactly shaft 51, and the input shaft of the first retarder 52 and the first handwheel 521 are coaxial connected, and 521 periphery of the first handwheel is set
There is scale, 52 corresponding position of the first retarder is equipped with cue mark, reads the scale value when rotation of the first handwheel 521, obtains change
The angle that diameter guide rail 41 rotates, the preferred worm and gear of the first retarder 52 slow down.
The torque of the rotation of variable diameter guide rail 41 not only can be increased, cutter 33 obtains bigger cutting force, may be used also
Accurately to adjust the position of cutter 33 circumferentially, that is, the position of cutter 33 can accurately be adjusted by cylindrical-coordinate system system
Section, these three freedom degrees are that Z-direction is translatable, radial direction is translatable and circumferentially rotates respectively.
Specifically, embodiment three,
As shown in fig. 6, on the basis of example 2, Z axis handwheel 241 is changed to Z axis numerical-control motor 242, by Z axis number
The output shaft of control motor 242 is coaxially connected with Z axis screw rod, and the shell and Z axis guide rail 24 of Z axis numerical-control motor 242 are connected；By second
Handwheel 411 is changed to the second numerical-control motor 412, and the output shaft of the second numerical-control motor 412 is coaxially connected with variable diameter screw rod, and second
The shell and variable diameter guide rail 41 of numerical-control motor 412 are connected, for the compact-sized radius of turn for reducing variable diameter guide rail 41, the second number
Motor 412 is controlled preferably to be connected with the first end of variable diameter guide rail 41；First handwheel 521 is changed to the first numerical-control motor 522, by
The output shaft of one numerical-control motor 522 and the input shaft of the first retarder 52 are coaxially connected, the shell of the first numerical-control motor 522 and
The shell of one speed reducer 52 is connected.Z axis numerical-control motor 242, the second numerical-control motor 412 and the first numerical-control motor 522 are existing skills
In art, the motor of accurate angle is rotated according to the requirement of input electrical signal, can be stepper motor, servo motor etc..Due to Z axis
Numerical-control motor 242, the second numerical-control motor 412 and the first numerical-control motor 522 have the function of electrification locking, can reliably keep
Each freedom of motion of cutter 33 is in the state of locking when needed, therefore can cancel the corresponding braking of each freedom of motion
Device.
According to the electric signal that controller issues, Z axis numerical-control motor 242, the second numerical-control motor 412 and the first numerical-control motor
522, which respectively drive cutter 33, is translatable and circumferentially rotates along Z-direction translation, radial direction in cylindrical-coordinate system system, realizes and utilizes cylinder
Coordinate frame realizes the identical function of existing Cartesian coordinate frame lathe.Circular cylindrical coordinate system processes circle feature with congenital
Advantage, structure is easily achieved, system-computed amount is small, precision machining, feed mechanism small in size at low cost, no cumulative errors.
Due to mutually rotating between the second numerical-control motor 412 and pedestal 11, number can be transferred in order to control signal
Motor 412 is controlled, the conducting wire between the second numerical-control motor 412 and pedestal 11 51 can be wound into multi-turn around the shaft, so that the second number
Control motor 412 can quite pedestal 11 rotate certain circle number, and be arranged clockwise and anticlockwise in PC control software
The most multi-turn number of rotation, and avoid being rotated both clockwise and counterclockwise beyond this threshold value in numerical control programming；It can certainly pass through
The control signal that the electric brush slip ring coaxial with shaft 51 transmits the second numerical-control motor 412 is set, it is unlimited to rotating cycle in this way
System.
Specifically, example IV,
As shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10, on the basis of example 1, variable diameter sliding block 42 is transported along variable diameter guide rail 41
The regulative mode change of dynamic displacement.
Basal disc 44 is coaxial connected with shaft 51, and drive rod 421 is radially slided along basal disc 44, and turntable is equipped with above basal disc 44
45, basal disc 44 is connect with 45 coaxial rotating of turntable, and turntable 45 is equipped with variable diameter sliding slot 451, and drive rod 421 passes through the variable diameter of turntable 45
Sliding slot 451, when turntable 45 is rotated relative to basal disc 44, the variable diameter sliding slot 451 of turntable 45 drives drive rod 421 close to or away from turning
Axis 51.
More specifically, basal disc 44 is in the form of annular discs, and its underpart center is coaxial connected with shaft 51, further, under basal disc 44
Portion center is connected flange 43, the hole at 43 center of flange and shaft 51 is coaxial is connected；Basal disc 44 is radially provided with a diameter change track
442, further, the section of diameter change track 442 is I-shaped, stretches grooving along a certain radial direction of basal disc 44, variable diameter is sliding
Block 42 is I-shaped section extrusion, and variable diameter sliding block 42 is in diameter change track 442 along linear slide；In order to by variable diameter sliding block 42
It is locked with the relative position of basal disc 44, radial brake 423 is set and realizes that the relative position of variable diameter sliding block 42 and basal disc 44 locks,
Further, radial brake 423 is made of brake block 4231 and brake handle 4232, and circular hole is equipped in the middle part of brake block 4231,
Brake block 4231 and variable diameter sliding block 42 have gap, and 4231 both ends of brake block are contacted with basal disc 44, and 4232 first end of brake handle is set
There is stud, the circular hole that stud passes through 4231 middle part of brake block screws in the corresponding threaded hole of variable diameter sliding block 42, when rotational handle system
Fixed handle 4232 screws stud, and 4231 both ends of brake block are pressed on basal disc 44, realizes variable diameter sliding block 42 and basal disc 44
Relative position locking unlocks when rotational handle brake handle 4232 unscrews stud；
44 circumference uniform distribution retainer 441 of basal disc, 441 section of retainer are in " 7 " shape, and retainer 441 limits discoidal
The radial motion and axial movement of the opposite basal disc 44 of turntable 45, turntable 45 can only be rotated relative to basal disc 44；
Turntable 45 is equipped with variable diameter sliding slot 451, and drive rod 421 passes through variable diameter sliding slot 451, and drive rod 421 and turntable 45
Variable diameter sliding slot 451 only have small radial clearance, the preferred spiral of Archimedes of the center line of variable diameter sliding slot 451, turntable 45
When rotating identical angle relative to basal disc 44, the displacement that drive rod 421 moves radially is also identical；45 periphery of turntable, which is equipped with, to be carved
Degree, 44 corresponding position of basal disc are equipped with cue mark, read the reading of 45 scale of turntable, the rotation half of you can get it drive rod 421
Diameter value；The reading of 45 scale of turntable can immediately arrive at radius of turn value at this time, without specific as screw rod transmission
The number of division amount of number rotation calculates；It should be noted that the total angle preferably 360 of the center line of the variable diameter sliding slot 451 of turntable 45
It spends (shown in Fig. 9), this angle is bigger, and turntable 45 rotates identical angle, and the radial displacement of corresponding drive rod 421 is smaller, i.e.,
Transmission ratio is bigger, and vice versa；In addition, when drive rod 421 is located at variable diameter 451 initial position of sliding slot, lucky drive rod 421
Axis and shaft 51 are coaxial, and at this moment rotation turntable 45 cannot achieve drive rod 421 and move radially, so variable diameter sliding slot 451
Initial position should avoid the axis position coaxial with shaft 51 of drive rod 421；Drive rod 421 can also be designed as approaching
The direction of shaft 51 is adjusted；Also you need to add is that, variable diameter sliding slot 451 is also designed to the curve or straight line of other forms,
Brought 45 scale uneven distribution of influence turntable.
Specifically, embodiment five,
As shown in figure 11, on the basis of example IV, in order to increase the torque of the driving rotation of basal disc 44 so as to cutter 33
Bigger cutting force is obtained, the first retarder 52 and the first handwheel 521 are increased；The shell and fixing seat 13 of first retarder 52 are solid
Even, the output shaft of the first retarder 52 and shaft 51 (Fig. 4 shows) are coaxial connected, it is understood that are the output of the first retarder 52
Axis is exactly shaft 51, and the input shaft of the first retarder 52 and the first handwheel 521 are coaxial connected, and 521 periphery of the first handwheel is equipped with
Scale, 52 corresponding position of the first retarder are equipped with cue mark, read the scale value when rotation of the first handwheel 521, obtain basal disc
The angle of 44 rotations, the preferred worm and gear of the first retarder 52 slow down.
The torque of the rotation of basal disc 44 not only can be increased, cutter 33 obtains bigger cutting force, can be with essence
The position of true adjustment cutter 33 circumferentially, that is, the position of cutter 33 can accurately be adjusted by cylindrical-coordinate system system, this
Three degree of freedom is that Z-direction is translatable, radial direction is translatable and circumferentially rotates respectively.
Specifically, embodiment six,
As shown in figure 12, on the basis of embodiment five, Z axis handwheel 241 is changed to Z axis numerical-control motor 242, by Z axis
The output shaft of numerical-control motor 242 is coaxially connected with Z axis screw rod, and the shell and Z axis guide rail 24 of Z axis numerical-control motor 242 are connected；Second
Numerical-control motor 412 drives turntable 45 to rotate relative to basal disc 44, further, by the output shaft of the second numerical-control motor 412 and actively
Gear is coaxially connected, and 45 circumference of turntable is equipped with gear ring, the driving gear of the output shaft of the second numerical-control motor 412 and the tooth of turntable 45
Circle engaged transmission, the shell and 44 edge of basal disc of the second numerical-control motor 412 are connected；First handwheel 521 is changed to the first numerical control
The output shaft of first numerical-control motor 522 and the input shaft of the first retarder 52 are coaxially connected by motor 522, the first numerical-control motor
The shell of 522 shell and the first retarder 52 is connected.Z axis numerical-control motor 242, the second numerical-control motor 412 and the first numerical control electricity
Machine 522 is in the prior art, the motor of accurate angle to be rotated according to the requirement of input electrical signal, can be stepper motor, servo
Motor etc..Since Z axis numerical-control motor 242, the second numerical-control motor 412 and the first numerical-control motor 522 have the function of electrification locking,
It can reliably keep each freedom of motion of cutter 33 to be in the state of locking when needed, therefore each freedom of motion can be cancelled
Spend corresponding brake.
According to the electric signal of the sending of controller, Z axis numerical-control motor 242, the second numerical-control motor 412 and the first numerical-control motor
522, which respectively drive cutter 33, is translatable and circumferentially rotates along Z-direction translation, radial direction in cylindrical-coordinate system system, realizes and utilizes cylinder
Coordinate frame realizes the identical function of existing Cartesian coordinate frame lathe.Circular cylindrical coordinate system processes circle feature with congenital
Advantage, structure is easily achieved, system-computed amount is small, precision machining, feed mechanism small in size at low cost, no cumulative errors.
Due to mutually rotating between the second numerical-control motor 412 and pedestal 11, number can be transferred in order to control signal
Motor 412 is controlled, the suitable pedestal 11 of the second numerical-control motor 412 can be allowed to rotate by around the shaft 51 winding multi-turn coils
Certain circle number, and the most multi-turn number being rotated both clockwise and counterclockwise is set in PC control software, and in numerical control programming
When avoid being rotated both clockwise and counterclockwise beyond this threshold value；It can certainly be by the way that the electric brush slip ring coaxial with shaft 51 be arranged
The control signal for transmitting the second numerical-control motor 412, in this way to rotating cycle without limitation.
These are only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for those skilled in the art
For member, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, it is made it is any modification,
Equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lathe, characterized in that including pedestal (11), Y-axis guide rail (21), X-axis guide rail (23), composite slider (22), move
Power head and drive rod (421)；
Y-axis guide rail (21) and pedestal (11) are connected, the rectilinear direction sliding that composite slider (22) is guided along Y-axis guide rail (21), X-axis
Guide rail (23) is on composite slider (22) along the rectilinear direction sliding of X-axis guide rail (23) guiding；
The first end of X-axis guide rail (23) is slidably connected with power head, the rectilinear direction in the direction of sliding and Y-axis guide rail (21) guiding
Vertically, also vertical with the rectilinear direction of X-axis guide rail (23) guiding；
The first end of X-axis guide rail (23) and the relative position of power head can lock；
The second end of drive rod (421) and X-axis guide rail (23), which rotates, to be connected；Drive rod (421) is fixed on pedestal (11) around one
On axis revolution, the revolution-radius of drive rod (421) is adjustable and locks.
2. a kind of lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that
It further include Z axis guide rail (24) and Z axis sliding block (25)；
X-axis guide rail and Z axis guide rail (24) are connected, and Z axis sliding block (25) is slided along the direction that Z axis guide rail (24) guides；
Power head and Z axis sliding block (25) are connected；
The rectilinear direction that the rectilinear direction of Y-axis guide rail (21) guiding is guided with X-axis guide rail (23) is mutually perpendicular to；
The axis being fixed on pedestal (11) is vertical with the rectilinear direction that Y-axis guide rail (21) guides, and also guides with X-axis guide rail (23)
Rectilinear direction it is vertical.
3. a kind of lathe according to claim 2, characterized in that
It further include Z axis handwheel (241) and Z axis brake；
The direction of Z axis guide rail (24) guidance is vertical with pedestal (11) upper surface；
Z axis sliding block (25) may be implemented along the adjusting of Z axis guide rail (24) moving displacement in rotation Z axis handwheel (241)；
Z axis brake is driven, Z axis sliding block (25) and Z axis guide rail (24) will lock.
4. a kind of lathe according to claim 3, characterized in that
It further include Z axis screw rod；
Z axis handwheel (241) is coaxially connected with Z axis screw rod, and the axial direction of Z axis screw rod is parallel with the direction that Z axis guide rail (24) guides；
Z axis screw rod first end and Z axis guide rail (24) rotation connect, Z axis screw rod second end and Z axis sliding block (25) threaded engagement, Z axis
Handwheel (241) periphery is equipped with scale, and Z axis guide rail (24) corresponding position is equipped with cue mark.
5. a kind of lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that
The power head is made of power unit (31), collet (32) and cutter (33)；
The output shaft of power unit (31) is coaxial connected with collet (32), and power unit (31) drives collet (32) rotation, collet
(32) clamping cutter (33) are used for, the axis collinear of the rotation axis of cutter (33) and collet (32) after clamping, cutter (33) can
To be drill bit or milling cutter.
6. a kind of lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that
It further include column (12)；
Column (12) and pedestal (11) are connected, and column (12) is connected with Y-axis guide rail (21), the direction of Y-axis guide rail (21) guidance
It is parallel with pedestal (11) upper surface；
Composite slider (22) is slided along the direction that Y-axis guide rail (21) guides, and X-axis guide rail (23) is on composite slider (22) along X-axis
The rectilinear direction sliding of guide rail (23) guiding, X-axis guide rail (23) are parallel with pedestal (11) upper surface.
7. a kind of lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that
It further include fixing seat (13), shaft (51), variable diameter sliding block (42), the second handwheel (411) and radial brake (423)；
Fixing seat (13) and pedestal (11) are connected, and fixing seat (13) top is equipped with shaft (51), shaft (51) and fixing seat (13)
Rotation connection, and the axis of shaft (51) is vertical with pedestal (11) upper surface；
Shaft (51) top and variable diameter guide rail (41) first end are connected；
The axis rotation of variable diameter guide rail (41) rich shaft (51), variable diameter sliding block (42) are sliding along the direction that variable diameter guide rail (41) guides
It is dynamic；
Rotating the second handwheel (411) may be implemented variable diameter sliding block (42) along the adjusting of variable diameter guide rail (41) moving displacement,
Radial brake (423) is driven, variable diameter sliding block (42) and variable diameter guide rail (41) will lock.
8. a kind of lathe according to claim 7, characterized in that
It further include variable diameter screw rod；
Second handwheel (411) is coaxially connected with variable diameter screw rod, and the direction of the axial direction of variable diameter screw rod and variable diameter guide rail (41) guidance is flat
Row, variable diameter screw rod first end and the rotation of variable diameter guide rail (41) second end connect, variable diameter screw rod second end and variable diameter sliding block (42) spiral shell
Screw conjunction；
Second handwheel (411) periphery is equipped with scale, and variable diameter guide rail (41) corresponding position is equipped with cue mark.
9. a kind of lathe according to claim 8, characterized in that
It further include handle (422)；
Variable diameter sliding block (42) and drive rod (421) are connected, and the axis of drive rod (421) is parallel with shaft (51)；
Handle (422) and the rotation of drive rod (421) top connect, and operator's rocking-turn handle (422) realizes that drive rod (421) are rich
Shaft (51) rotation.
10. a kind of lathe according to claim 7, characterized in that
It further include the first retarder (52) and the first handwheel (521)；
The shell of first retarder (52) and fixing seat (13) are connected, and the output shaft of the first retarder (52) is exactly shaft (51),
The input shaft of first retarder (52) is coaxial connected with the first handwheel (521), and the first handwheel (521) periphery is equipped with scale, the
One speed reducer (52) corresponding position is equipped with cue mark.
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| CN201810911549.4A CN108972107B (en) | 2018-08-12 | 2018-08-12 | Machine tool |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN207272261U (en) * | 2017-08-12 | 2018-04-27 | 浙江华晟金属制品有限公司 | A kind of double milling head face millers |
| CN108311741A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-07-24 | 山东云峰数控科技有限公司 | Tire-mold special horizontal carving and milling machine and its application method |
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2018
- 2018-08-12 CN CN201810911549.4A patent/CN108972107B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN207272261U (en) * | 2017-08-12 | 2018-04-27 | 浙江华晟金属制品有限公司 | A kind of double milling head face millers |
| CN108311741A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-07-24 | 山东云峰数控科技有限公司 | Tire-mold special horizontal carving and milling machine and its application method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 杨乐民 等: "《钟表及仪器生产中机械化自动化机构设计图例》", 31 March 1982 * |
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Effective date of registration: 20200410 Address after: No. 222, Qingshi Road, Jimo City, Qingdao City, Shandong Province Applicant after: Qingdao Qingde rigging Co., Ltd Address before: 241009 Taishan Road, Anhui city of Wuhu Province Economic and Technological Development Zone No. 18 new city 7-1204 Applicant before: Yu Jingyuan |
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