CN108966970A - A method of prevention and treatment arid area farmland weed - Google Patents
A method of prevention and treatment arid area farmland weed Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of prevention and treatment arid area farmland weeds, especially prevent and treat malignant weed black nightshade, Chenopodiaceae, purslane, Amaranthus retroflexus etc. method, method include before the sowing of arid area crop by the herbicide treatment of soil inhibitor containing PDS after mulch sowing again；Or arid area crop film-coating after planting, the herbicide of the inhibitor containing PDS is sent to the place in film with weeds by drip irrigation system；Or by the herbicide treatment of soil inhibitor containing PDS before the crop seeding of arid area, then after mulch sowing, the herbicide of the inhibitor containing PDS is sent to the place in film with weeds by drip irrigation system.Method provided by the present invention can control malignant weed black nightshade, Chenopodiaceae, purslane, Amaranthus retroflexus etc. well, and dosage is few, and to crop safety, environmental-friendly, and medicament administration can mechanization, it is time saving and energy saving.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant protection technology fields, and in particular to a method of prevention and treatment arid area farmland weed.
Technical background
Global climate is many kinds of, and the group's composition and crop smothering situation occurred of weeds are different, each department farming cropping system
Degree and harvesting mode are also different, therefore weed control technology has very big particularity and otherness.
Cotton belongs to the Gossypium of Malvaceae in Plant Taxonomy, is one of most important industrial crops in the world.
Cotton is light crop, is suitable for growing under more sufficient illumination condition.Xinjiang belongs to arid climate, annual photo-thermal
Abundant, precipitation rareness, is the maximum production area of Cotton.Since the cropping pattern and structure of cotton in Xinjiang constantly adjust,
And trefanocide is used for a long time, pendimethalin etc. is used as MAIN SOILS inorganic agent, cause Cotton Fields in Xinjiang malignant weed type and
Quantity increases, and has seriously affected the yield and quality of cotton.Wherein, by the institutes such as malignant weed black nightshade, Chenopodiaceae, purslane, Amaranthus retroflexus
Bring harm is especially serious.
Currently, the method for preventing and kill off weed in cotton field mainly has artificial uprooting weed and chemical weed control.Black nightshade is prevented and kill off using artificial uprooting weed,
Though it is safely and effectively, at high cost, be not suitable for mechanization, scale Cotton Production.Therefore, Application of Herbicides exploitation is always to advise
The main direction of modelling Cotton Production.
2005, Liang Jinfeng and Li Jiangping had studied pendimethalin and other several herbicides to the preventive effect of black nightshade respectively；
2014, the discovery pendimethalin such as Yang Desong, Liang You, Jia Huijuan cannot effectively prevent black nightshade in low dosage, and high dose is easy
Cause cotton's medicine harm, and the higher phytotoxicity to cotton seedling of drug concentration stronger (Agricultural University Of Jiangxi's journal, 2014,36 (1), 102-
108)；2015, king found a capital peak etc. it has also been found that pendimethalin except black nightshade effect and persistence it is undesirable (rural science and technology, 2015,3,
54-55).As it can be seen that pendimethalin is not suitable as main herbicide in the black nightshade the method for control of cotton field.
2011, Jiang Hailan etc. had studied the effect of four kinds of cauline leaf process herbicide prevention and treatment cotton field black nightshades such as glyphosate.Knot
Fruit show per acre using 750g glyphosate it is best to black nightshade control efficiency, preventive effect can achieve 100%.Although this method preventive effect
It is good, but glyphosate usage amount is excessive, does great damage to environment, often uses along with the use of cotton field glyphosate
It is directed spraying method, the method is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also easily in splash to cotton, generates phytotoxicity to cotton.
2014, Ma Dongmei and it is high it is intelligent it is equal find to apply 96% S-metolachlor missible oil with water droplet respectively it is pernicious to cotton field
Weeds black nightshade has certain preventive effect (strain preventive effect 70.2%) (rural science and technology, 2014,11,42).This method not can be effectively controlled black nightshade.
As it can be seen that preventing and kill off the hot spot and difficulty that Cotton Fields black nightshade is always those skilled in the art's research how safe and efficiently
Point.
Seed is a kind of to receive the ground family crop based on seed with cucurbita pepo, and seed nutritive value rich in is standby
It is pursued by domestic and international the majority of consumers.Sales volume in the international market is constantly soaring, shows vast market prospect, becomes
One of industrial crops newly risen in recent years.
The drought-enduring fearness flood of seed cucurbita pepo, light are suitble to be planted in arid area.Currently, seed with cucurbita pepo growing area time
The ground such as cloth China Gansu, Inner Mongol, Shanxi.And Xinjiang also becomes optimum and plants because of its unique geographical environment and climatic factor
One of the area of seed cucurbita pepo shows that the cultivated area of Xinjiang seed cucurbita pepo has reached 800,000 according to survey data in 2015
Mu or so, becomes maximum seed cucurbita pepo planting area.
Since geographical environment, climatic factor, seeding method etc. are roughly the same with cotton in Xinjiang, and often with cotton crop rotation,
Malignant weed such as black nightshade, Chenopodiaceae, purslane, Amaranthus retroflexus etc. is more with leading to seed cucurbita pepo, has seriously affected seed cucurbita pepo
Yield.
Currently, about seed cucurbita pepo the chemical prevention and control method of weeds is less, the most commonly used is newborn with 48% butralin
Oily herbicide prevents malignant weed black nightshade although the herbicide has certain preventive effect to Chenopodiaceae, purslane, Amaranthus retroflexus etc.
It imitates poor.
Therefore, a kind of method for developing with preventing and treating seed cucurbita pepo safe and efficiently malignant weed black nightshade not only have compared with
High theoretical significance and local farmers practical problem urgently to be resolved.
The present inventor pass through a large amount of mental labour and experimental verification, have developed one kind can efficiently prevent and kill off black nightshade and
To the method for Crop securify.This method to arid area farmland such as cotton field, seed cucurbita pepo weeds, especially black nightshade, Chenopodiaceae,
Purslane, Amaranthus retroflexus etc. have prevented and kill off special efficacy.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a kind of side for preventing and treating arid area farmland weed
Method, this method both can remove malignant weed black nightshade, also have good preventive effect to other weeds such as Chenopodiaceae, purslane, Amaranthus retroflexus etc.,
Again to crops such as cotton, seed cucurbita pepo safety.
Phytoene dehydrogenase (PDS, phytoene desaturase) inhibitor, main eight inhibited in plant
Hydrogen lycopene is converted to carotenoid, and chlorophyll is caused to be destroyed, and is a kind of important chemical herbicide.Particularly, this hair
Bright is a kind of method for preventing and treating arid area farmland weed, and this method includes,
A) by film covers sowing again after the herbicide treatment of soil inhibitor containing PDS before the crop seeding of arid area；
Or
B) arid area crop film-coating after planting, the herbicide of the inhibitor containing PDS is sent to by film by drip irrigation system
The interior place with weeds；Or
C) by the herbicide treatment of soil inhibitor containing PDS before the crop seeding of arid area, then in mulch sowing
Afterwards, the herbicide of the inhibitor containing PDS is sent to the place in film with weeds by drip irrigation system.
Specifically, PDS inhibitor of the present invention can be fluridone, fluorochloridone, norflurazon, pyrrole fluorine acyl grass
Amine, fluorine pyrrole acyl grass amine, beflubutamid, norflurazon, methoxyphenone, flurtamone and other PDS inhibitor compounds and they
Agriculturally one of acceptable salt or a variety of.PDS inhibitor compound preferably as herbicide of the present invention is halozydine
Ketone, fluorochloridone, norflurazon, flurtamone or they in agriculturally one of acceptable salt or a variety of, more preferably fluorine pyridine
Humulone.
In addition to above-mentioned PDS inhibitor, the herbicide can also containing other effective components for example pendimethalin, prometryn,
One of Oxyfluorfen, Acetochlor, isopropyl methoxalamine, S-metolachlor, pyrithiobacsodium etc. are a variety of.By with it is other
The combination of effective component can effectively expand degrass spectrum, increase the universality and validity of this method.
The content of the herbicide effective component is 0.1% to 90% (by weight), and generally according to preparation type
Different and different, preferably 5% to 80% (by weight).The amount of application of effective component is usually 1- in herbicide of the present invention
5000g a.i./ha, preferably 100-2000g a.i./ha.
The herbicide can be missible oil, aqueous emulsion, microemulsion, suspending agent, soluble liquid, wettable powder,
The preparations such as granula, pulvis or water dispersible granules.Its specific dosage form depends on the property and specific application of each effective component.
The herbicide can be added as needed by mixing effective component with solvent and/or solid carrier
Surfactant such as emulsifier, wetting agent, dispersing agent, can also be added thickener, defoaming agent, antifreeze, dyestuff, preservative
Deng.
Solvent includes water, aromatic hydrocarbons (such as solvent naphtha, paraffin), alcohols (such as carbitol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol), ketone (such as different fluorine
Your ketone), amides (such as quinoline amide), esters (such as fatty acid methyl ester), heterocyclic (such as N- butyl -2-Pyrrolidone, NBP) etc. change
Close object.
Solid carrier includes natural mineral matter (such as kaolin, talcum powder, bentonite, diatomite), plant source carrier (such as jade
Rice starch), synthesis class carrier (such as white carbon black), inorganic salts (such as ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulphate).
Surfactant can be ionic or non-ionic emulsifier, wetting agent or dispersing agent.Such as poly alkyl alcohol
Ethylene oxide ether, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, aralkyl phenol polyethenoxy ether, sodium alkyl sulfate, alkyl
Benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium lignin sulfonate/calcium, polycarboxylic acid salt etc..
It is such as poly- that thickener can be natural polymer such as xanthan gum, Arabic gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose or synthetic
Vinyl alcohol, aluminium-magnesium silicate etc..
Defoaming agent can be organosilicon oils, fatty alcohols, fatty acid etc..
Antifreeze can be polyalcohol (such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerine), urea, calcium chloride.
Preservative can be chloro- -3 ketone of 2 methyl -4- isothiazoline of 1,2- benzisothiazole-3-ketone (BIT), 5-
(CIT), 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT) etc..
The herbicide can also be applied again by mixing the preparation bucket of different effective components.
The weeds include black nightshade, Chenopodiaceae, purslane, Amaranthus retroflexus, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge or other broadleaf weeds, gramineae weed and
Sedge weed, preferably black nightshade, Chenopodiaceae, purslane, Amaranthus retroflexus.
The thickness of the film is generally 0.08-0.1mm.Film includes coloured or colourless film, preferably containing water conservation, be protected from light and
Anti-ultraviolet function, and be easy to be biodegradable.
Crops of the present invention are mainly cotton and cucurbita pepo.
Method of the present invention is suitable for the prevention and treatment of arid area weeds, and arid area of the present invention refers to Climate Dryness
Dry, sunshine is enriched, annual precipitation is few, area of the evaporation capacity greater than precipitation, such as Xinjiang.
Compared with prior art, the method for the present invention has a significant advantage that one, herbicide dosage is few；Two, both to Weed-control effect
Height, and to crop safety；Three, broad weed-killing spectrum can not only prevent and treat black nightshade, can also prevent and treat Chenopodiaceae, purslane, Amaranthus retroflexus etc.；Four,
Medicament administration mechanization, it is time saving and energy saving.
Specific embodiment
Following example further illustrates some features of the invention, but constitutes limit to the scope of the present invention by no means
System.In embodiments, unless otherwise indicated, the percentage composition of each component or percentage each mean weight percentage or weight
Proportion.
1 5% fluridone suspending agent of example of formulations
Fluridone raw medicine, water, dispersing agent, thickener, preservative are weighed by above-mentioned formula, high-speed stirred is uniformly dispersed,
Then 3 microns of average grain diameter or less are crushed to up to 5% fluridone suspending agent through sand mill.
2 42% fluridone suspending agent of example of formulations
Fluridone raw medicine, water, dispersing agent, thickener, preservative are weighed by above-mentioned formula, high-speed stirred is uniformly dispersed,
Then 3 microns of average grain diameter or less are crushed to up to 42% fluridone suspending agent through sand mill.
3 60% fluridone suspending agent of example of formulations
Fluridone raw medicine, water, dispersing agent, thickener, preservative are weighed by above-mentioned formula, high-speed stirred is uniformly dispersed,
Then 3 microns of average grain diameter or less are crushed to up to 60% fluridone suspending agent through sand mill.
4 80% norflurazon water dispersible granules of example of formulations
Norflurazon raw medicine, dispersing agent, wetting agent and kaolin are weighed by formula, is crushed after being uniformly mixed through airslide disintegrating mill
To 5 microns of average grain diameter hereinafter, the water for being then added 10% is kneaded into softwood, then through granulation, drying and sieve up to 80% fluorine
The quick water dispersible granules of grass.
5 40% fluorochloridone missible oil of example of formulations
Fluorochloridone raw medicine, emulsifier and solvent naphtha 1500# are weighed by formula, stirring and dissolving to transparent and homogeneous is up to 40%
Fluorochloridone missible oil.
6 30% fluridone oxyfluorfen EC of example of formulations
Fluridone raw medicine, Oxyfluorfen raw medicine, emulsifier, NMP and solvent naphtha 1500# are weighed by formula, is stirred molten
Solution is to transparent and homogeneous up to 30% fluridone oxyfluorfen EC.
7 20% fluridone S-metolachlor microemulsion of example of formulations
Fluridone raw medicine, isopropyl methoxalamine raw medicine, emulsifier, NMP and THF are weighed by formula, and stirring and dissolving is to uniform
It is transparent, it is then added with stirring water, stirring to transparent and homogeneous is up to 20% fluridone isopropyl methoxalamine microemulsion.
8 75% fluridone prometryn wettable powder of example of formulations
Fluridone raw medicine, prometryn raw medicine, dispersing agent and kaolin are weighed by above-mentioned formula, is uniformly mixed, then passes through
Airflow comminution system is crushed to 5 microns of average grain diameter or less up to 75% fluridone prometryn wettable powder.
9 8% fluridone norflurazon granule of example of formulations
Fluridone 2%
Norflurazon 6%
Montmorillonite supplies 100%
Fluridone raw medicine, norflurazon raw medicine, montmorillonite are weighed by above-mentioned formula, is uniformly mixed, then through being mechanically pulverized
System be crushed to 100 mesh hereinafter, plus water mediate, be granulated and be drying to obtain 8% fluridone norflurazon granule.
10 30% fluridone fluorochloridone suspending agent of example of formulations
By formula weigh fluridone raw medicine, 3 D 33 of SOPROPHOR, Atlox 4913, aluminium-magnesium silicate, xanthan gum,
BIT and water by high-speed stirred, are sanded to 2 microns of average grain diameter or less and obtain water slurry A, weighs fluorochloridone by formula
Raw medicine, agriculture breast 500#, agriculture breast 600# and solvent naphtha 1500#, obtain missible oil B after mixing evenly, then precipitation under high velocity agitation
Suspending liquid A is slowly added into missible oil B, then through high speed shear up to 30% fluridone fluorochloridone suspending agent.
11 25% fluridone pyrithiobacsodium water dispersible granules of example of formulations
Fluridone raw medicine, pyrithiobacsodium, dispersing agent, wetting agent and kaolin are weighed by formula, through gas after being uniformly mixed
Stream pulverizer is crushed to 5 microns of average grain diameter hereinafter, the water for being then added 10% is kneaded into softwood, then through granulation, drying and sieve
Divide up to 25% fluridone pyrithiobacsodium water dispersible granules.
12 36% fluridone pendimethalin suspension of example of formulations
By formula weigh fluridone raw medicine, YUS-SC3, Ethylan ns-500lq, aluminium-magnesium silicate, xanthan gum, BIT and
Water by high-speed stirred, is sanded to 2 microns of average grain diameter or less and obtains water slurry A, by formula weigh pendimethalin raw medicine,
Agriculture breast 500#, agriculture breast 600# and solvent naphtha 1500#, obtain missible oil B after mixing evenly, then precipitation suspension under high velocity agitation
A is slowly added into missible oil B, then through high speed shear up to 36% fluridone pendimethalin suspension.
2 Application Examples
Application Example 1
In Shihezi of Xinjiang cotton planting base, before sowing cotton seed, a certain amount of 42% fluridone suspending agent water
Spraying and mixed soil processing is carried out to Cotton Fields soil after dilution (900 liters of per hectare water consumption), then carries out mulch sowing.With sowing
Overlay film is not control treatment afterwards, and sets spray clear water blank control.Then cotton field management is carried out by normal procedure, after planting
The cotton emergence rate and cotton seedling growing state of 20-30 days each treatment regions of investigation, and 45 days investigation preventive effects after administration.It counts as the following formula
Calculate preventive effect:
Preventive effect (%)=[blank district weeds strain number-treatment region weeds strain number]/blank district weeds strain number ×
100%
Preventive effect and cotton safety are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 preventive effect and peace of 42% fluridone suspending agent various dose processing to weed in cotton field under different cultivation conditions
Quan Xing
* the data in table in blank control bracket are weeds strain number.
Application Example 2
In Shihezi of Xinjiang cotton planting base, before sowing cotton seed, a certain amount of PDS is inhibited into agent series products water
Spraying and mixed soil processing, then mulch sowing are carried out to Cotton Fields soil after dilution (900 liters of per hectare water consumption).Made with clear water empty
White control treatment compares processing containing the herbicide single dose of non-PDS inhibitor with other parts.Then cotton is carried out by normal procedure
Flower field management, the cotton emergence rate and cotton seedling growing state of after planting 20-30 days each treatment regions of investigation, and 45 days after administration
Carry out weeding Effect tests.Preventive effect is calculated as follows:
Preventive effect (%)=[blank district weeds strain number-treatment region weeds strain number]/blank district weeds strain number ×
100%
Test result is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 is several to inhibit agent series products to the control efficiency and cotton safety of weed in cotton field containing PDS
* the data in table in blank control bracket are weeds strain number.
Application Example 3
Field is tested in cotton in Xinjiang, after planting first carry out coating processing and is located at drip irrigation system under film in advance, cotton
The processing of medicament trickle irrigation is carried out after emergence 1 month.Before trickle irrigation medical fluid, first with a certain amount of clear water trickle irrigation come moist soil, then by fluorine
Pyridine humulone series of products are sent in cotton field after being diluted with water by drip irrigation system, finally with a certain amount of clear water come trickle irrigation, with clear
Wash the medical fluid in drip irrigation system.After trickle irrigation, drip irrigation system is closed.Using after planting overlay film and does not set spray as control treatment
Clear water blank control.Weed in cotton field radix is investigated before application, reinvestigates within 30 days after application remaining weeds strain number, calculates preventive effect.And
It is observed cotton plants are grown and yielded positive results.
Preventive effect calculation formula is as follows:
E1 indicates strain preventive effect (%)；CK0Indicate that blank district is administered preceding weeds strain number (strain)；CK1Indicate blank district
Weeds strain number (strain) after application；Pt0Indicate that chemicals treatment district is administered preceding weeds strain number (strain)；Pt1After indicating chemicals treatment district application
Weeds strain number (strain).
Preventive effect result such as table 3.In addition, it is observed that the cotton plants growth handled by fluridone series of products trickle irrigation
Normally, do not occur phytotoxicity.
Preventive effect of 3 fluridone series of products trickle irrigation of the table processing to weed in cotton field
Application Example 4
In Xinjiang fragrant grass lake resultant field planting base, before seed is sowed with cucurbita pepo, a certain amount of PDS inhibitor series is produced
(900 liters of per hectare water consumption) is diluted with water in product, and progress soil is sprayed and mixes soil processing, then mulch sowing afterwards, then presses normal journey
Sequence carries out cucurbita pepo field management, investigates within after planting 20-30 days the cucurbita pepo emergence rate and plant strain growth situation of each treatment region, and
40 days progress weeding Effect tests after administration.Preventive effect is calculated as follows:
Preventive effect (%)=[blank district weeds strain number-treatment region weeds strain number]/blank district weeds strain number ×
100%
Test result is shown in Table 4.
Several PDS of table 4 inhibit the control efficiency and crop safety of agent series products to seed cucurbita pepo weeds
* the data in table in blank control bracket are weeds strain number.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above in detail, still, what present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above
Detail within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention can be with various simple variants of the technical solution of the present invention are made, these
Simple variant all belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for preventing and treating arid area farmland weed, this method include,
A) by film covers sowing again after the herbicide treatment of soil inhibitor containing PDS before the crop seeding of arid area；Or
B) arid area crop film-coating after planting, the herbicide of the inhibitor containing PDS is sent in film by drip irrigation system long
There is the place of weeds；Or
C) by the herbicide treatment of soil inhibitor containing PDS before the crop seeding of arid area, then after mulch sowing, lead to
It crosses drip irrigation system and the herbicide of the inhibitor containing PDS is sent to place in film with weeds.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the PDS inhibitor be fluridone, fluorochloridone,
Norflurazon, flurtamone or they in agriculturally one of acceptable salt or a variety of.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the herbicide also contains pendimethalin, flutters grass
Only, one of Oxyfluorfen, Acetochlor, isopropyl methoxalamine, S-metolachlor, pyrithiobacsodium or plurality of active ingredients.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the content of effective component is by weight in herbicide
0.1%-90%.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein in herbicide the amount of application of effective component be 1g a.i./
ha-5000ga.i./ha。
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, in herbicide the amount of application of effective component be 100g a.i./
ha-2000g a.i./ha。
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein the herbicide can be missible oil, aqueous emulsion, micro emulsion
Agent, suspending agent, soluble liquid, wettable powder, granule, pulvis or water dispersible granules.
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein the film have be retained, be protected from light, anti-ultraviolet function.
9. the method according to claim 1, wherein the crops are cotton, seed cucurbita pepo.
10. the method according to claim 1, wherein the weeds are black nightshade, Chenopodiaceae, purslane, Amaranthus retroflexus.
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| CN108378042A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-08-10 | 陕西上格之路生物科学有限公司 | A kind of Herbicidal combinations containing fluridone and prometryn |
| CN108464304A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-08-31 | 陕西上格之路生物科学有限公司 | A kind of Herbicidal combinations containing fluridone and Oxyfluorfen |
| CN110208457A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-09-06 | 毛志华 | A kind of fluridone prevents and kill off the validity check method of black nightshade weeds for Cotton Fields |
| CN111657289A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-15 | 合力科技股份有限公司 | Special herbicide composition for flowers and preparation, application and control method thereof |
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| CN108378042A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-08-10 | 陕西上格之路生物科学有限公司 | A kind of Herbicidal combinations containing fluridone and prometryn |
| CN108464304A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-08-31 | 陕西上格之路生物科学有限公司 | A kind of Herbicidal combinations containing fluridone and Oxyfluorfen |
| CN110208457A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-09-06 | 毛志华 | A kind of fluridone prevents and kill off the validity check method of black nightshade weeds for Cotton Fields |
| CN111657289A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-15 | 合力科技股份有限公司 | Special herbicide composition for flowers and preparation, application and control method thereof |
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