CN108955956A - Frictional resistance measuring system and method based on flexible micro- beam - Google Patents
Frictional resistance measuring system and method based on flexible micro- beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN108955956A CN108955956A CN201810767288.3A CN201810767288A CN108955956A CN 108955956 A CN108955956 A CN 108955956A CN 201810767288 A CN201810767288 A CN 201810767288A CN 108955956 A CN108955956 A CN 108955956A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L19/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
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Abstract
A kind of frictional resistance measuring system based on flexible micro- beam, including media stage, internal be full of have fluid media (medium), and the bottom of the media stage is provided with aperture, and the inside of aperture is placed with sample to be tested, and fluid media (medium) flows through sample to be tested；Measurement module, below the sample to be tested, measurement module includes flexible micro- beam and kickboard, flexible micro- beam supports kickboard, sample to be tested is fixed in kickboard, due to the sample to be tested surface in fluid media (medium) by fluid friction resistance, so that sample to be tested and micro- beam is generated the displacement along flow direction, the measurement module is for measuring the displacement；Data processing module shows the displacement, and determines the frictional resistance according to the displacement.The present invention generates the displacement along flow direction according to sample to be tested and micro- beam, can measure to obtain frictional resistance suffered by sample to be tested, have many advantages, such as high sensitivity, high dynamic response, it is smaller by ambient temperature and pressure disturbances, easy demarcate, measurement accuracy it is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates near wall frictional resistance measuring system more particularly to a kind of frictional resistance surveys based on flexible micro- beam
Measure system and method.
Background technique
Near wall frictional resistance accounts for 70% of drag overall or so in fluid media (medium), such as in water flow field, therefore, under water
The characteristics such as moving object drag reduction, cavitation are the important of the fields such as hydrodynamics, fluid engineering and biofluid mechanics concern
Problem, the original position of near wall frictional resistance, which accurately measures, has great importance to research hydrodynamics characteristic, drag reduction mechanism etc..
In recent years, extensive concern of the flow field near wall frictional resistance measuring technique by countries in the world, U.S. DARPA set up special project
Frictional resistance measuring device in situ is developed, China also made specially near wall frictional resistance measuring study in 2013
It supports.Although a variety of flow field near wall frictional resistance measurement methods have been proposed in domestic and foreign scholars, current drag reduction is surveyed
Amount method is concentrated mainly on there are still many disadvantages: (1) measuring cell requires measurement surface nature high, it is difficult to for complexity
The measurement of topographical surface；(2) measuring system anti-interference is poor, it is difficult to exclude error caused by local temperature and pressure drift；(3)
Measuring unit rigid structure destructible, measurement range are limited etc..
Currently, researcher mostly uses the wall shear stress sensor based on MEMS, mainly include two types: one is heat
Sensitive wall shear stress microsensor, another kind are floating type wall shear stress microsensors.Heat-sensitive type wall surface based on MEMS
Shear stress sensor belongs to indirect measure, is influenced by temperature larger, and the variation of fluid temperature (F.T.) is easy to generate mistake to result
Difference, and the uniformity of flow field temperature is not easily controlled.In short, shadow of the heat-sensitive type wall shear stress sensor by multiple links
It rings, measurement accuracy is limited, and demarcates more complicated.
Direct survey volume sensor based on MEMS generally has the force-applied floating unit for generating displacement.Shear stress effect
In floating unit, it is made to generate the displacement proportional to shear stress, and is converted to and can survey electric signal.However, due to being based on
It needs to apply concentrated force on floating unit in the calibration process of the floating type wall shear stress sensor of MEMS, be equivalent to
The microsize of the effect of shear stress, floating unit limits the load of concentrated force, greatly reduces measurement accuracy, moreover,
The rigid silicon substrate micro-structure of MEMS processing is easy to happen brittle fracture, limits measurement range.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of frictional resistance measuring systems and method based on flexible micro- beam, on solving
At least one technical problem stated.
(2) technical solution
The one side of the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of frictional resistance measuring system based on flexible micro- beam, comprising:
Media stage, internal be full of have fluid media (medium), and the bottom of the media stage is provided with aperture, the aperture it is interior
Portion is placed with sample to be tested, and the fluid media (medium) flows through sample to be tested；
Measurement module is located at below the sample to be tested, and the measurement module includes that flexible micro- beam and kickboard, the flexibility are micro-
Beam supports kickboard, and sample to be tested is fixed in kickboard, since the sample to be tested surface is hindered in fluid media (medium) by fluid friction
Power makes sample to be tested and micro- beam generate the displacement along flow direction, and the measurement module is for measuring the displacement；
Data processing module determines the frictional resistance for showing the displacement, and according to the displacement.
In some embodiments of the invention, the media stage includes gravity type circulating water tunnel.
In some embodiments of the invention, the experimental section bottom of the gravity type circulating water tunnel is provided at least one and opens
Hole, a sample to be tested and a measurement module are provided in each aperture, and the measurement module includes a micro- beam load cell
Unit is moved with an optical location, wherein
Micro- beam load cell includes: the micro- beam of the flexibility and kickboard；
It includes: optical encoder and scale that the optical location, which moves unit, wherein the scale is for receiving optical encoder
The laser of transmitting and by the laser reflection to the optical encoder；The optical encoder receives the laser of reflection and generation
Orthogonal differential signal relevant to displacement.
In some embodiments of the invention, the data processing module includes the number being connected with the optical encoder
According to capture card and host computer, wherein the host computer receives instruction pair for sending a command to data collecting card, data collecting card
The orthogonal differential signal is sampled, and obtains and pulse signal to the host computer exported after sampling is handled, to obtain
The displacement of digital signal form, and the displacement is subjected to data storage.
In some embodiments of the invention, the host computer is also used to be calculated and be shown frictional resistance, the friction resistance
Power meets formula F=4Edtw3/L3,
Wherein, L is the length of flexible micro- beam, and w is the width of flexible micro- beam, and t is flexible micro- depth of beam, and E is flexible micro-
The elasticity modulus of beam, d are the displacement.
In some embodiments of the invention, the range of E is 625KPa~2GPa.
In some embodiments of the invention, the micro- beam of the flexibility is micro- beam that 3D printing obtains.
In some embodiments of the invention, there are gaps between the micro- beam of the flexibility and optical location shifting unit.
In some embodiments of the invention, in which:
The reference frequency output of the optical encoder is 0.225MHz~7.2MHz；And/or
The input frequency of the data collecting card is not more than 2MHz.
The another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of frictional resistance measurement method based on flexible micro- beam, answers
The frictional resistance measuring system based on flexible micro- beam for any description above.
(3) beneficial effect
Of the invention frictional resistance measuring system and method based on flexible micro- beam at least has compared to the prior art
Following advantages:
(1) present invention optimizes and integrates the formula of 3D printing, technique by the flexible micro- beam of design, print different elasticity
The characteristics of micro girder construction of modulus, preparation meets the antetype device of design object, makes it have high sensitivity, high dynamic response,
Greatly improve the frictional resistance measurement range of micro girder construction；
(2) the micro- beam of flexibility of the invention, compared with traditional rigid micro-cantilever sensing device, flexible micro- beam load cell is not easy
Rupture failure occurs, it is easier to reflect frictional resistance, substantially increase feasibility；
(3) present invention can directly precisely measure out the flowage friction resistance of sophisticated functions surface near wall region, have by
The features such as ambient temperature, pressure disturbances are smaller, are easy calibration, and measurement accuracy is high, and measurement range is wide, can solve traditional experiment side
Method can only measure the problem of smooth surface, fill up the blank that near wall frictional resistance accurately measures technology；
(4) present invention can solve the technology hardly possible that researcher accurately measures complex topography surface near wall frictional resistance
Topic, provides the test platform of accurate evaluation complex topography surface resistance reducing performance.Simultaneously, moreover it is possible to by particle image speed-measuring system
(PIV) it is combined with the present invention, fine flow field in labyrinth function surface boundary layer is analyzed, to disclose complex topography comprehensively
The Drag Reduction mechanism on surface.
(5) present invention has many advantages, such as that environmental suitability is strong, robustness is good, measurement accuracy is high, survivable, deployment spirit
It lives, can meet the needs of drag measurement in situ is carried out to different complex topography surfaces.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the frictional resistance measuring system based on flexible micro- beam of a specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the specific schematic diagram of gravity type circulating water tunnel in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the specific schematic diagram of micro- beam load cell in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the specific schematic diagram of data processing module in Fig. 1.
[symbol description]
1, media stage 2, micro- beam load cell
3, optical location moves unit 4, data processing module
5, left aperture 6, right aperture
7, kickboard 8, flexible micro- beam
9, coaming plate 10, sample to be tested
11, glue 12, sample stage
13, bolt 14, scale
15, sheet glass 16, optical encoder
17, host computer 18, data collecting card
19, optical encoder connector 20, data switch wire terminal
21, multi-tap
Specific embodiment
The prior art mostly uses greatly the wall shear stress sensor based on MEMS, and it is limited that there are measurement accuracy, and calibration is compared
Complexity limits the defect of measurement range, in view of this, the present invention provides a kind of frictional resistance based on flexible micro- beam to measure system
System and method, the present invention generate the displacement along flow direction according to sample to be tested and micro- beam, can measure to obtain suffered by sample to be tested
Frictional resistance, have high sensitivity, high dynamic response, it is smaller by ambient temperature and pressure disturbances, be easy demarcate, measurement accuracy
The advantages that high, while can solve conventional friction resistance measurement method and can only measure the problem of smooth surface, meet multiple to difference
The sample to be tested of miscellaneous topographical surface carries out the demand of drag measurement in situ.
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Attached drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
The one side of the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of frictional resistance measuring system based on flexible micro- beam, comprising:
Media stage 1, internal be full of have fluid media (medium), and the bottom of the media stage 1 is provided with aperture, the aperture
Inside is placed with sample to be tested 10, and the fluid media (medium) flows through sample to be tested 10；
Measurement module is located at below the sample to be tested, and the measurement module includes flexible micro- beam 8 and kickboard 7, the flexibility
Micro- beam 8 supports kickboard 7, and sample to be tested 10 is fixed in kickboard 7, due to the sample to be tested 10 surface in fluid media (medium) by
Fluid friction resistance makes sample to be tested 10 and flexible micro- beam 8 generate the displacement along flow direction, and the measurement module is for measuring the position
It moves；
Data processing module 4 determines frictional resistance for showing the displacement, and according to the displacement.
Wherein, the micro- beam 8 of the flexibility can be obtained by 3D printing or be prepared by the material of other specific flexible natures
It obtains, shape and the preparation method present invention are with no restriction.It should be noted that the range of the elastic modulus E of flexible micro- beam 8
Preferably 625KPa~2GPa, the displacement of flexible micro- beam 8 can be easier precise measurement as a result,.
Fluid media (medium) in the present invention can be water, air etc..In some embodiments of the invention, the media stage 1
It can be based on gravity type circulating water tunnel or other media stages.Then, it is just embodied with gravity type circulating water tunnel for one
Example, and be illustrated in conjunction with Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 is the specific schematic diagram of gravity type circulating water tunnel in Fig. 1, as shown in Fig. 2, in embodiments of the present invention, it is described
There are two symmetrical aperture, i.e., left aperture 5 and right apertures 6 for the experimental section bottom setting of gravity type circulating water tunnel.In fact,
The number of aperture and position are unrestricted, and a sample to be tested 10 and a measurement module are provided in each aperture.Wherein, often
The roughness of sample to be tested 10 in a aperture can part it is identical, be capable of detecting when sample size or shape and friction in this way
Relationship between resistance；The roughness of sample to be tested 10 in each aperture can be different, while its size and shape is tieed up
Hold consistent, the relationship being capable of detecting when between the roughness of sample and frictional resistance in this way.In embodiments of the present invention, this is to be measured
Sample 10 can be rough complex topography, can be the smooth simple pattern in surface, and the present invention can measure its institute
The frictional resistance being subject to.
Fig. 3 is the specific schematic diagram of micro- beam load cell in Fig. 1, as shown in figure 3, measurement module includes two units: micro-
Beam load cell 2 and optical location move unit 3.Sample to be tested 10 is connected by glue 11 with sample stage 12；Sample stage 12 leans on
Bolt 13 is fixed on micro- beam load cell 2.It is contacted to guarantee that micro- beam 8 does not move unit 3 with optical location, intermediate there are skies
Gap influences fluid media (medium) rubbing to flexible micro- beam 8 so that preventing micro- beam 8 from moving after unit 3 contacts with optical location generates frictional force
Wipe the measurement of resistance.
Wherein, micro- beam load cell 2 includes: the micro- beam 8 of 4 flexibilities；It is connected with flexible micro- beam 8 and sample to be tested 10 floating
Plate 7.Wherein.Micro- beam load cell 2 further includes coaming plate 9, for fixed flexible micro- beam 8 and kickboard 7, wherein coaming plate 9 and kickboard
7 be all rigid material, and the elasticity modulus of both may be 2GPa.It should be noted that the number of flexible micro- beam 8 can be
4, it in other embodiments can be other numbers, can carry out selecting its number according to the actual situation so that it is determined that micro- beam is surveyed
The arrangement of power unit 2.
Under the flowing shearing of the frictional resistance F of the water flow of gravity type circulating water tunnel, sample to be tested 10 can generate displacement, by
It is connected in kickboard 7 with the sample to be tested 10, therefore, kickboard 7 can also generate displacement, and the top of flexible micro- beam 8 is caused also to produce
Displacement is given birth to.
In order to easily measure the displacement of flexible micro- beam 8, it includes optical encoder 16 and scale which, which moves unit 3,
14 (its accuracy is up to 78nm).Specifically, optical encoder 16 emits laser, and the scale 14 opposite with optical encoder 16 connects
It receives laser and the laser reflection is returned into optical encoder 16.When optical encoder 16 receive reflection laser when, can also generate with
It is displaced relevant orthogonal differential signal, carrying out processing to orthogonal differential signal later can be obtained the size of displacement.
Wherein, the maximum output frequency range of optical encoder 16 is preferably 0.225MHz~7.2MHz, in this way can be with
The speeds match of data collecting card, to accurately measure displacement.
It can also include the sheet glass 15 between optical encoder 16 and scale 14, energy that the optical location, which moves unit 3,
Enough prevent water from entering the square chamber below sheet glass 15, at the same can also light transmission, be conducive to accurately measure displacement.
Fig. 4 is the specific schematic diagram of data processing module in Fig. 1, as shown in figure 4, subsequent for convenience believe orthogonal differential
It number is handled, data processing module 4 includes the data collecting card 18 being connected with the optical encoder 16；And host computer
17.Optical encoder connector 19 is for connecting optical encoder 16 and multi-tap 21, and data switch wire terminal 20 is for connecting
Data collecting card 18 and multi-tap 21.Optical encoder connector 19 and data patchcord connector 20 are all fixed on multi-tap 21
Above.In general, the input frequency of data collecting card 18 is not more than 2MHz, avoids the pulse inaccuracy of acquisition, and transmitting leakage is adopted
The case where collection.
Data collecting card 18 receives the instruction that host computer 17 is sent, and is exported just according to the instruction to optical encoder 16
Sub-signal of reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task is sampled, and is obtained and is exported pulse signal (including number of pulses) output after sampling to host computer 17.On
Position machine 17 handles pulse signal, obtains the displacement of digital signal form, and the displacement is carried out data storage, as a result,
Determine the displacement of flexible micro- beam 8.
After obtaining displacement, host computer 17 also needs to calculate frictional resistance according to displacement.Assuming that sample to be tested 10 is rubbing
It is subjected to displacement under the shearing of resistance F as d, it is highly t that the length of the micro- beam 8 of each flexibility, which is L, width w, elasticity modulus E.
So, the displacement (displacement of flexible micro- 8 structure top end of beam) of kickboard 7 is also d.The then the moment of inertia I of the micro- beam of single flexible:
I=tw3/12
Under the action of frictional resistance F, antisymmetry deformation occurs for the micro- beam 8 of two flexibilities of the corresponding position of 7 two sides of kickboard,
Symmetric deformation, active force of the micro- joist support of every flexibility by F/4 occur for the micro- beam 8 of two ipsilateral flexibilities of kickboard 7.For a flexibility
For micro- beam, side is fixing end, and the Osima jacoti, Osima excavata of F/4 is born in the other side, exists simultaneously moment M to meet corner for 0
Condition is 0 to establish an equation and can be calculated according to corner, M=FL/8, under the collective effect of F/4 and M, can calculate every it is soft
The displacement of the micro- beam end of property i.e. the displacement d=FL of kickboard 73/ (48EI), it can thus be concluded that F=4Edtw3/L3。
After this, in order to allow users to intuitively obtain frictional resistance, host computer 17 can also show frictional resistance,
Such as document format or screen are shown, the present invention is with no restriction.
The another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of frictional resistance measurement method based on flexible micro- beam, answers
For the frictional resistance measuring system above-mentioned based on flexible micro- beam.
To sum up, the frictional resistance measuring system and method for the invention based on flexible micro- beam, according to sample to be tested and Wei Liang
The displacement along flow direction is generated, can measure to obtain frictional resistance suffered by sample to be tested, there is highly sensitive, high dynamic to ring
It answers, is smaller by ambient temperature and pressure disturbances, being easy calibration, the advantages that measurement accuracy is high, can solve the survey of conventional friction resistance
Amount method can only measure the problem of smooth surface, meet and carry out drag measurement in situ to the sample to be tested on different complex topography surfaces
Demand.
It unless there are known entitled phase otherwise anticipates, the numerical parameter in this specification and appended claims is approximation, energy
Characteristic changing needed for the content of enough bases through the invention is resulting.Specifically, all be used in specification and claim
The middle content for indicating composition, the number of reaction condition etc., it is thus understood that repaired by the term of " about " in all situations
Decorations.Under normal circumstances, the meaning expressed refers to include by specific quantity ± 10% variation in some embodiments, some
± 5% variation in embodiment, ± 1% variation in some embodiments, in some embodiments ± 0.5% variation.
Furthermore "comprising" does not exclude the presence of element or step not listed in the claims." one " located in front of the element
Or "one" does not exclude the presence of multiple such elements.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It describes in detail bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in guarantor of the invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of frictional resistance measuring system based on flexible micro- beam, comprising:
Media stage, internal be full of have fluid media (medium), and the bottom of the media stage is provided with aperture, and the inside of the aperture is put
It is equipped with sample to be tested, the fluid media (medium) flows through sample to be tested；
Measurement module is located at below the sample to be tested, and the measurement module includes flexible micro- beam and kickboard, the micro- beam branch of the flexibility
Support kickboard, sample to be tested is fixed in kickboard, due to the sample to be tested surface in fluid media (medium) by fluid friction resistance, make
Sample to be tested and micro- beam generate the displacement along flow direction, and the measurement module is for measuring the displacement；
Data processing module determines the frictional resistance for showing the displacement, and according to the displacement.
2. system according to claim 1, wherein the media stage includes gravity type circulating water tunnel.
3. system according to claim 2, wherein the experimental section bottom of the gravity type circulating water tunnel is provided at least one
A aperture, a sample to be tested and a measurement module are provided in each aperture, and the measurement module includes a micro- beam dynamometry
Unit and an optical location move unit, wherein
Micro- beam load cell includes: the micro- beam of the flexibility and kickboard；
It includes: optical encoder and scale that the optical location, which moves unit, wherein the scale is for receiving optical encoder transmitting
Laser and by the laser reflection to the optical encoder；The laser and generation and position that the optical encoder reception is reflected
Move relevant orthogonal differential signal.
4. system according to claim 3, wherein the data processing module includes being connected with the optical encoder
Data collecting card and host computer, wherein for sending a command to data collecting card, data collecting card reception refers to the host computer
Order samples the orthogonal differential signal, obtains and pulse signal to the host computer exported after sampling is handled, thus
The displacement of digital signal form is obtained, and the displacement is subjected to data storage.
5. system according to claim 4, wherein the host computer is also used to be calculated and be shown frictional resistance, described to rub
It wipes resistance and meets formula F=4Edtw3/L3,
Wherein, L is the length of flexible micro- beam, and w is the width of flexible micro- beam, and t is flexible micro- depth of beam, and E is flexible micro- beam
Elasticity modulus, d are the displacement.
6. system according to claim 5, wherein the range of E is 625KPa~2GPa.
7. system according to claim 1, wherein the micro- beam of the flexibility is micro- beam that 3D printing obtains.
8. system according to claim 3, wherein there are skies between the micro- beam of flexibility and optical location shifting unit
Gap.
9. system according to claim 4, in which:
The reference frequency output of the optical encoder is 0.225MHz~7.2MHz；And/or
The input frequency of the data collecting card is not more than 2MHz.
10. a kind of frictional resistance measurement method based on flexible micro- beam, applied to the base as described in any in claim 1 to 9
In the frictional resistance measuring system of flexible micro- beam.
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| CN109724771B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-07-14 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Simple pendulum type balance for measuring underwater vehicle resistance |
| CN109946013A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-06-28 | 北京大学 | Fluid media (medium) near wall frictional resistance data collection system based on optical sensor |
| CN113109252A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-07-13 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Device and method for measuring frictional resistance of boundary layer with strong electromagnetic interference resistance |
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