CN108951557B - Irrigation and flood control dam for hydraulic engineering - Google Patents
Irrigation and flood control dam for hydraulic engineering Download PDFInfo
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- CN108951557B CN108951557B CN201810945199.3A CN201810945199A CN108951557B CN 108951557 B CN108951557 B CN 108951557B CN 201810945199 A CN201810945199 A CN 201810945199A CN 108951557 B CN108951557 B CN 108951557B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
- E02B7/04—Dams across valleys
- E02B7/06—Earth-fill dams; Rock-fill dams
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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Abstract
The hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood control dam is a clay inclined wall dam, wherein the upper layer of the dam top is formed by paving rough stones, and the lower layer of the dam top is a mixed cushion layer; the thickness of the mixed cushion layer at the lower layer of the dam top is 20cm, and the mixed cushion layer consists of sand and broken stone; the upstream side slope is a double-layer slope and comprises an outer slope and an inner slope, wherein the outer slope ratio is 1:5, and the inner slope ratio is 1:3.5; the outer slope of the upstream slope is a stepping supporting slope surface, and is supported by adopting rough stones and dry masonry block stones; the inner slope of the upstream slope comprises non-expansive soil, a clay protective layer and a composite impermeable geomembrane, and a drainage system and an exhaust system are arranged below the membrane. The dam is filled mainly by adopting expansive soil, the downstream slope ratio is 1:3, non-expansive soil with the thickness of 2m is paved along the dam crest and the dam slope to form a non-expansive soil material area, and concrete prefabricated square grid turf slope protection is adopted. The irrigation and flood prevention dam is convenient for combining the seepage prevention of the reservoir area and the seepage prevention of the dam body, and is particularly suitable for construction of reservoir engineering in limestone areas with relatively abundant karst development and expansive soil materials.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of water conservancy, in particular to a water conservancy project irrigation and flood control dam.
Background
The hydraulic engineering is a built engineering for controlling and allocating surface water and underground water in nature to achieve the aim of removing harm and benefiting. Water is an essential valuable resource for human production and life, but its naturally occurring state does not fully meet the needs of humans. Only when the hydraulic engineering is built, the water flow can be controlled, flood disasters are prevented, and the water quantity is regulated and distributed so as to meet the needs of people living and production on water resources.
The dam is a water retaining building for intercepting the water flow of a river channel so as to raise the water level or regulate the flow, and can form a reservoir for flood control, irrigation and the like. The traditional dams are earth-rock dams or concrete dams, and the dam body is deformed due to too high pressure and large seepage flow because of the long-term scouring and erosion of flowing water or aging of concrete, so that the seepage resistance and corrosion resistance are poor, and particularly, in reservoir engineering in limestone areas, karst is relatively developed, and dam break is particularly easy to cause.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the application provides a hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood control dam.
The application provides a hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood control dam, which is applied to reservoir engineering in limestone areas, wherein the dam body is a clay inclined wall dam and comprises: a dam top, an upstream side slope, a downstream side slope and a dam body filling area;
the upper layer of the dam top is made of rough stones, and the lower layer of the dam top is a mixed cushion layer; the thickness of the mixed cushion layer at the lower layer of the dam top is 20cm, and the mixed cushion layer consists of sand and broken stone;
the upstream side slope is a double-layer slope and comprises an outer slope and an inner slope, wherein the slope ratio of the outer slope is 1:5.0, and the slope ratio of the inner slope is 1:3.5;
the outer slope of the upstream slope is a stepping supporting slope surface, and is supported by adopting rough stones and dry masonry block stones; the inner slope of the upstream slope comprises non-expansive soil, a clay protective layer and a composite impermeable geomembrane, and a drainage system and an exhaust system are arranged below the membrane;
the slope ratio of the downstream slope is 1:3.0, non-expansive soil with the thickness of 2m is paved along the dam crest and the dam slope to form a non-expansive soil material area so as to resist damage to the dam body caused by expansive force generated by expansive soil, and concrete prefabricated square grid turf slope protection is adopted;
the dam axis is arranged in a straight line, and the dam body filling area adopts expansive soil.
Furthermore, the inner slope of the upstream slope is also provided with a dam slope anti-slip groove.
Furthermore, as described above, the inner slope foot of the upstream slope is also provided with a slope protection retaining wall.
Furthermore, as described above, the hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood control dam is provided with a slope foot of the downstream slope with a slope-pasting drainage facility structure, which comprises a drainage hole, a seepage guide ditch and a water collecting well.
The hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood control dam is characterized in that the composite impermeable geomembrane at the dam foot is connected with the bottom of the inclined wall of the dam body to form a complete impermeable system.
Preferably, the dam top length is 333m, the dam top elevation is 1315.00m, the maximum dam height is 15.0m, and the dam top width is 12.0m.
The application provides a hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood control dam, wherein the dam body is a clay inclined wall dam, and comprises: a dam top, an upstream side slope, a downstream side slope and a dam body filling area; the upper layer of the dam top is made of rough stones, and the lower layer of the dam top is a mixed cushion layer; the thickness of the mixed cushion layer at the lower layer of the dam top is 20cm, and the mixed cushion layer consists of sand and broken stone; the upstream side slope is a double-layer slope and comprises an outer slope and an inner slope, wherein the slope ratio of the outer slope is 1:5.0, and the slope ratio of the inner slope is 1:3.5; the outer slope of the upstream slope is a stepping supporting slope surface, and is supported by adopting rough stones and dry masonry block stones; the inner slope of the upstream slope comprises a clay protective layer and a composite impermeable geomembrane, and a drainage system and an exhaust system are arranged below the membrane; paving non-expansive soil with the thickness of 2m along the dam crest and the dam slope to form a non-expansive soil material area, and adopting concrete prefabricated square grid turf slope protection; the dam axis is arranged as a straight line, and the dam body filling area adopts damming soil and stones. The hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood prevention dam is convenient for combining the seepage prevention of the reservoir area and the seepage prevention of the dam body, can improve the safety of the dam body, further increases the service life of the dam, and is particularly suitable for reservoir engineering in limestone areas.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood control dam according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a large scale of a dam top structure of a hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood control dam according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a large scale of a slope anti-skid slot of a hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood protection dam according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 4 is a diagram showing a large scale of a slope protection retaining wall of a hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood protection dam according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a downstream slope-attached drainage facility of a dam according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of an under-dam drainage blind drain outlet sump pit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a side wall of a water collection well in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood protection dam according to an embodiment of the present application, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dam top structure of the hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood protection dam according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood control dam provided by the application is applied to reservoir engineering in limestone areas, the dam is a clay inclined wall dam, and the dam body comprises: a dam top 1, an upstream slope 2, a downstream slope 3 and a dam filling area 4. Preferentially, the upper layer of the dam crest 1 is paved by millboard stones, and the lower layer of the dam crest is a mixed cushion layer; the thickness of the mixed cushion layer at the lower layer of the dam top is 20cm, and the mixed cushion layer consists of sand and broken stone; the upstream side slope 2 is a double-layer slope and comprises an outer slope 4 and an inner slope 5, wherein the slope ratio of the outer slope 4 is 1:5.0, and the slope ratio of the inner slope 5 is 1:3.5; the outer slope 4 of the upstream slope 2 is a stepping supporting slope surface and is supported by adopting rough stones and dry masonry stones; the inner slope 5 of the upstream slope 2 comprises non-expansive soil, a clay protective layer and a composite impermeable geomembrane, and a drainage system and an exhaust system are arranged below the membrane; the slope ratio of the downstream slope 3 is 1:3.0, non-expansive soil with the thickness of 2m is paved along the dam crest and the dam slope to form a non-expansive soil material area so as to resist damage to the dam body caused by expansive force generated by expansive soil, and concrete prefabricated square grid turf slope protection is adopted; the dam axis is arranged in a straight line, and the dam body filling area 4 adopts expansive soil.
Fig. 3 is a large-scale diagram of a dam slope anti-skid groove of a hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood prevention dam according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the inner slope 5 of the upstream slope 2 is further provided with a dam slope anti-slip groove 6, as described above for the hydraulic irrigation and flood protection dam.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a large scale of a slope protection retaining wall of a hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood protection dam according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the above-mentioned hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood protection dam is further provided with a slope protection retaining wall 7 at the inner slope 5 toe of the upstream slope 2.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a downstream slope-attached drainage facility of a dam according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood control dam is provided with a slope foot of the downstream slope 3 with a slope-pasting drainage facility structure 8, which comprises a drainage hole 9, a seepage guide ditch 10 and a collector well 11.
Fig. 6 is a plan view of a drainage blind drain outlet sump pit under a dam according to an embodiment of the present application, and fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a sump pit sidewall according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 6 and 7, an under-dam drain blind pipe 12 is arranged below the dam body, and the under-dam drain blind pipe 12 is communicated with an under-dam main drain pipe 13.
An application example of the hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood control dam provided by the application will be given below.
The jade screen reservoir engineering is in limestone area, karst is relatively developed, the reservoir area needs to be subjected to horizontal seepage prevention treatment, in order to facilitate the better combination of reservoir area seepage prevention and dam body seepage prevention, a dam is selected as a clay inclined wall dam, the dam axis is arranged in a straight line, the dam top length is 333m, the dam top height is 1315.00m, the maximum dam height is 15.0m, the dam top width is 12.0m, the dam top is made of millboard stone, and the lower part of the dam is provided with a sand and broken stone mixed cushion layer of 20cm. The upper and downstream sides of the dam roof are provided with M10.0 slurry masonry machine stone-breaking curbs with the height of 0.4M and the width of 0.4M, and the downstream side dam abutment is an M7.5 slurry coarse stone abutment.
The section of the dam body is divided into three filling areas, namely: a clay inclined wall material area, a damming soil material area and a non-expansion soil material area. The upstream of the dam body is a clay seepage-proofing inclined wall material area, the top width of the seepage-proofing inclined wall is 3.0m, the outer slope ratio is 1:5.0, the inner slope ratio is 1:3.5, and the dam body is not high, and no supporting platform is arranged. The dam slope is supported by rough stones and dry masonry stones, the dam slope is protected by rough stones Dan Zhi above the elevation 1311.00m, the dam slope is in a stepping support mode, and a slurry masonry stone, sand and broken stone mixture cushion layer is arranged below the rough stones, and the thickness of the rough stones and the broken stone mixture cushion layer is 20cm. The water draining holes are arranged at the cushion layer part of the grouted stone and are arranged in a plum blossom shape. M5.0 blocks of stone sliding-resistant wall blocks are arranged along the distance of 5M in the direction of the dam slope. The height of the stone is 1311.00m or less, the stone blocks are supported by dry masonry, a broken stone and sand cushion layer is arranged below the stone blocks, the thickness of the broken stone cushion layer is 25cm, and the sand cushion layer is 20cm. Additionally arranging steps at the position of 0+157.00m of the dam mileage, wherein the steps are supported by using bast stones, the width of the steps is 2m, the step height of the steps is 10cm, the step width is 50cm, and two sides of the dam slope are supported by using the slurry stone retaining wall.
The downstream of the dam body is a dam body filling area, and most of filling earth materials in the area are expansive soil piled up by urban construction excavation. The upstream dam slope and the inclined wall of the area are combined, the top width is 9m, and the upstream slope ratio is 1:3.5; the downstream dam slope (outer dam slope) slope ratio is 1:3.0, and according to test results, the expansion force is generally larger, and the stability of the dam slope is very unfavorable. Therefore, by combining the characteristics of expansion soil expanding and water loss shrinkage when meeting water, non-expansion soil with the thickness of 2m is paved along the dam crest and the dam slope to form a non-expansion soil material area, so that the expansibility of the expansion soil and the damage of expansion force to the dam body are reduced, and the safety of the dam body is ensured.
The slope ratio of the downstream dam slope formed by the non-expansion soil material area is 1:3.0, concrete prefabricated square grid turf slope protection is adopted, steps are additionally arranged at the position of the dam mileage 0+157.00m, the steps are protected by a machine solution Dan Zhi, the step width is 2m, the step height of the steps is 10cm, and the step width is 30cm. And the two banks of the dam slope are supported by a slurry stone retaining wall, and a bank slope drainage ditch is additionally arranged along the retaining wall. The downstream slope toe adopts a slope-attached drainage structure so as to prevent seepage damage to the dam slope caused by dam body seepage. The thickness of the slope-sticking drainage body is 790mm, the thickness of the sand cushion layer is 200mm, the thickness of the broken stone cushion layer is 250mm, the surface layer is dry coarse stone, and the thickness is 340mm.
And a drainage system is arranged on the downstream slope surface, and a bank slope drainage ditch is arranged at the joint of the downstream dam surface and the bank slope. The dam foot is provided with a longitudinal seepage guiding ditch for collecting the seepage of the dam body, the seepage flows through the downstream of the transverse main drainage ditch row, the size of the seepage is 1.0 multiplied by 1.0m, and a V-shaped water measuring weir is arranged on the main drainage ditch for measuring the seepage amount.
The engineering area is a limestone area, the rock volume is developed, the leakage channels of the reservoir area and the dam foundation are more, the reservoir area is subjected to horizontal seepage prevention treatment, and the seepage prevention treatment mode is as follows: and paving a composite impermeable geomembrane below the height 1315.00m of the reservoir area, and arranging a drainage system and an exhaust system under the membrane so as to remove reservoir water infiltrated by the impermeable geomembrane and timely remove gas removed by a karst cave of the reservoir area, so that the impermeable geomembrane is prevented from being broken by overlarge air pressure. The upper part of the composite impermeable geomembrane is covered by clay and sprayed concrete. According to the actual topography requirement, the reservoir bottom and the gentle hillside are covered by clay compaction with the thickness of 40cm, and the steep part of the bank slope is covered by sprayed concrete. The impermeable geomembrane at the dam foot is connected with the bottom of the inclined wall of the dam body, so that a complete impermeable system is formed, and the water storage of the reservoir is ensured.
And a total drainage blind ditch is arranged along the bottommost part of the reservoir area and penetrates through the bottom of the dam foundation, so that water seepage of the reservoir area is discharged to the downstream. The total drainage blind ditch in the reservoir area is manufactured by installing a plastic blind pipe, and geotechnical cloth and broken stone are covered outside the plastic blind pipe. The method is characterized in that a main drainage blind ditch of a dam foundation is paved at a downstream dam foot of the dam body by adopting a DN300 concrete precast pipe and is led to the downstream through a seepage guiding ditch foundation, and water seepage in a reservoir area cannot be discharged to the downstream because of the gentle topography of the downstream area of the dam site.
In summary, the hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood control dam provided by the application is a clay inclined wall dam, wherein the upper layer of the dam top is paved by pitted stones, and the lower layer of the dam top is a mixed cushion layer; the thickness of the mixed cushion layer at the lower layer of the dam top is 20cm, and the mixed cushion layer consists of sand and broken stone; the upstream side slope is a double-layer slope and comprises an outer slope and an inner slope, wherein the slope ratio of the outer slope is 1:5.0, and the slope ratio of the inner slope is 1:3.5; the outer slope of the upstream slope is a stepping supporting slope surface, and is supported by adopting rough stones and dry masonry block stones; the inner slope of the upstream slope comprises non-expansive soil, a clay protective layer and a composite impermeable geomembrane, and a drainage system and an exhaust system are arranged below the membrane. The dam is filled by mainly adopting expansive soil, the slope ratio of a downstream slope is 1:3.0, non-expansive soil with the thickness of 2m is paved along the dam crest and the dam slope to form a non-expansive soil material area so as to resist the damage of the expansive force generated by the expansive soil to the dam body, and concrete prefabricated square grid turf slope protection is adopted; the dam axis is arranged in a straight line, and the dam body filling area adopts expansive soil. The irrigation and flood prevention dam provided by the application is convenient for combining the seepage prevention of a reservoir area and the seepage prevention of a dam body, and is particularly suitable for building reservoir engineering in limestone areas with relatively abundant karst development and expansive soil materials.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a hydraulic engineering irrigation, flood control dam, is applied to the reservoir engineering in limestone area, its characterized in that, the dam body is the clay inclined wall dam, and the dam body includes: a dam top, an upstream side slope, a downstream side slope and a dam body filling area;
the upper layer of the dam top is made of rough stones, and the lower layer of the dam top is a mixed cushion layer; the thickness of the mixed cushion layer at the lower layer of the dam top is 20cm, and the mixed cushion layer consists of sand and broken stone;
the upstream side slope is a double-layer slope and comprises an outer slope and an inner slope, wherein the slope ratio of the outer slope is 1:5.0, and the slope ratio of the inner slope is 1:3.5;
the outer slope of the upstream slope is a stepping supporting slope surface, and is supported by adopting rough stones and dry masonry block stones; the inner slope of the upstream slope comprises non-expansive soil, a clay protective layer and a composite impermeable geomembrane, and a drainage system and an exhaust system are arranged below the membrane;
the slope ratio of the downstream slope is 1:3.0, non-expansive soil with the thickness of 2m is paved along the dam crest and the dam slope to form a non-expansive soil material area so as to resist damage to the dam body caused by expansive force generated by expansive soil, and concrete prefabricated square grid turf slope protection is adopted;
the dam axis is arranged as a straight line, and the dam body filling area adopts expansive soil;
the inner slope of the upstream slope is also provided with a dam slope anti-skid groove; a drainage system is arranged on the downstream slope surface, and a bank slope drainage ditch is arranged at the joint of the downstream dam surface and the bank slope; the dam foot is provided with a longitudinal seepage guiding ditch for collecting the seepage of the dam body, the seepage flows through the downstream of the transverse main drainage ditch row, the size of the seepage is 1.0 multiplied by 1.0m, and a V-shaped water measuring weir is arranged on the main drainage ditch for measuring the seepage amount.
2. The hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood protection dam according to claim 1, wherein the inner slope toe of the upstream slope is further provided with a slope protection retaining wall.
3. The hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood control dam according to claim 1, wherein the toe of the downstream slope is further provided with a slope-attached drainage facility structure comprising drainage holes, seepage guide channels and water collecting wells.
4. The hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood protection dam according to claim 1, wherein the composite impermeable geomembrane at the dam foot is connected with the bottom of the inclined wall of the dam body to form a complete impermeable system.
5. The hydraulic engineering irrigation and flood protection dam according to claim 1, wherein the dam top length is 333m, the dam top elevation is 1315.00m, the maximum dam height is 15.0m, and the dam top width is 12.0m.
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| CN201810945199.3A CN108951557B (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2018-08-20 | Irrigation and flood control dam for hydraulic engineering |
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| CN201810945199.3A CN108951557B (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2018-08-20 | Irrigation and flood control dam for hydraulic engineering |
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| CN108951557B true CN108951557B (en) | 2023-09-08 |
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| CN112900369A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 东北大学 | Tailing storehouse row oozes reinforced structure |
| CN115059078B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2024-04-12 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | Geomembrane self-spreading device capable of preventing flood peak dam break and application method thereof |
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| CN106088113A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-09 | 河海大学 | A kind of expansive soil slope reinforcement means |
| CN209011090U (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-06-21 | 云南省红河州水利水电勘察设计研究院 | A kind of hydraulic engineering irrigates, flood control dam |
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2018
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| JPH0931946A (en) * | 1995-07-24 | 1997-02-04 | Yoshiyuki Tajima | Filter for discharge opening of erosion control dam |
| RU2465395C1 (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-10-27 | Василий Петрович Ягин | Dam from soil materials |
| CN204530633U (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-08-05 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | The soft rock that a kind of subregion is arranged builds rock dam body |
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