CN108950618B - Method for obtaining high-purity titanium superhard surface modified layer - Google Patents

Method for obtaining high-purity titanium superhard surface modified layer Download PDF

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CN108950618B
CN108950618B CN201810913731.3A CN201810913731A CN108950618B CN 108950618 B CN108950618 B CN 108950618B CN 201810913731 A CN201810913731 A CN 201810913731A CN 108950618 B CN108950618 B CN 108950618B
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purity titanium
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CN108950618A (en
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柴林江
王婷婷
陈可
夏吉莺
吴昊
刘成龙
黄伟九
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Sun Fengling
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Chongqing University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/04Electroplating with moving electrodes
    • C25D5/06Brush or pad plating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F3/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23FNON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F17/00Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/04Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C25D5/50After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for obtaining a high-purity titanium superhard surface modification layer, which comprises the following steps: 1) polishing, cleaning and drying a high-purity titanium workpiece by using sand paper, and brush-plating a 15-35 mu m Cr layer on the surface of the high-purity titanium workpiece by using an electric brush plating method; 2) pulsed laser processing of the workpiece: carrying out laser surface alloying treatment on the high-purity titanium workpiece subjected to room-temperature brush Cr plating, wherein the process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 100-800W, the pulse width is 3-8 ms, the defocusing amount is 2-6 mm, and the scanning speed is 8-25 mm/s; 3) and taking out the workpiece subjected to laser surface alloying treatment, and polishing the surface of the workpiece to be flat. The high-purity titanium treated by the pulse laser surface alloying Cr provided by the invention can greatly refine the microstructure and greatly improve the microhardness and strength, thereby improving the surface performance of the titanium, and the titanium surface alloying Cr has the advantages of convenience in operation, simple equipment, economy, practicality, reliable technology, high efficiency, stable quality and the like.

Description

Method for obtaining high-purity titanium superhard surface modified layer
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser surface treatment of metal processing, and particularly relates to a method for obtaining a high-purity titanium superhard surface modification layer.
Background
The laser surface modification technology is a product combining a laser technology and metal heat treatment, and is characterized in that extremely high energy is applied to the surface of a material to cause the material to generate physical and chemical changes, so that the surface hardness, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the high-temperature performance of the material are obviously changed. In recent years, laser surface alloying has also received much attention from researchers, which rapidly fuses one or more alloying elements to the surface of a substrate by a high-energy beam laser, thereby changing the chemical composition of the metal and alloy surfaces.
Pure titanium has excellent corrosion resistance, good weldability and manufacturability, and excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, pure titanium is commonly used as a engineering material and widely applied to industries such as power generation, chemistry, spacecraft, biomedicine and the like. However, its strength is relatively low compared to other high-strength titanium alloys, which hinders its further application. With the increasing use of pure titanium in industry, higher requirements are put on the performance of pure titanium materials, including corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, mechanical properties and the like. These properties of pure titanium are closely related to its microstructure (e.g., grain size and second phase particle size, distribution, structure, etc.). A large number of researches show that the obtained uniform, fine and randomly oriented crystal grains have a very key effect on improving the strength of the pure titanium material. In addition, the pure titanium material often shows low tribological performance in service, and rapid surface wear failure occurs, so that the surface modification treatment of the pure titanium material is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for obtaining a high-purity titanium superhard surface modification layer, which has the advantages of convenient operation, simple equipment, economy, practicality, reliable technology and high efficiency in the strengthening treatment process, so as to achieve the aim of obtaining a Cr-rich superfine/nanocrystalline structure by carrying out surface modification treatment on a high-purity titanium material with a preset Cr layer by adopting pulse laser equipment, and further improving mechanical properties such as microhardness, strength and the like of the surface of the high-purity titanium material.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a method for obtaining a high-purity titanium superhard surface modification layer comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of workpiece and brush plating Cr treatment: polishing, brightening, cleaning and drying a high-purity titanium workpiece by using sand paper, brush-plating a 15-35 mu m Cr layer on the surface of the high-purity titanium workpiece by using an electric brush plating method, wherein the technological parameters of electric brush plating Cr treatment are as follows: the brush plating time is 8-12 min, and the brush plating voltage is 8-12V;
2) pulsed laser processing of the workpiece: carrying out laser surface alloying treatment on the high-purity titanium workpiece subjected to room-temperature brush Cr plating by using inert gas as protective gas, wherein the process parameters of the pulse laser surface alloying treatment are as follows: the laser power is 100-800W, the pulse width is 3-8 ms, the defocusing amount is 2-6 mm, and the scanning speed is 8-25 mm/s;
3) and taking out the workpiece subjected to laser surface alloying treatment, and polishing the surface of the workpiece to be flat.
In the step 1), a 15-30 mu m Cr layer is brush-plated on the surface of the workpiece by using a brush plating method, and the technological parameters of the brush plating Cr treatment are as follows: the brush plating time is 10min, and the brush plating voltage is 10V.
The process parameters of the pulse laser surface alloying treatment in the step 2) are as follows: the laser power is 100-500W, the pulse width is 3-6 ms, the defocusing amount is 2-6 mm, and the scanning speed is 8-15 mm/s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: a modified layer containing Cr with a certain depth is prepared on the surface of a high-purity titanium material by using a pulse laser surface alloying method, and the content of Cr in the modified layer can be effectively controlled by adjusting laser processing parameters and presetting the thickness of a Cr layer. According to the invention, a Cr-rich superfine/nanocrystalline structure is formed on the surface of a high-purity titanium material subjected to surface alloying of Cr by pulse laser, wherein the content of Cr is more than 1 wt.%, the size of a nanometer twin crystal is less than 100nm, the depth of a modified layer reaches more than 1mm, the hardness reaches 450-500 HV, and the pure titanium substrate is improved by more than 3 times. The test result shows that the laser surface alloying Cr treatment method provided by the invention conforms to the property change rule of the high-purity titanium material, and can effectively improve the mechanical properties such as microhardness, strength and the like of the high-purity titanium, so that the depth and the structure of a hardened layer are finer and more uniform. The strengthening treatment process is convenient to operate, simple in equipment, economical, practical, reliable in technology, high in efficiency and stable in quality, and better economic benefits can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the electron micrograph and the composition test results of the brush plating Cr layer on the surface of the high purity titanium in example 1, wherein (a) is an electron micrograph and (b) is the composition test result.
FIG. 2 is the electron micrograph of the ultra-fine crystal nucleus nano-twin crystal of the high purity titanium surface alloying Cr modified layer obtained in example 1.
FIG. 3 shows the hardness test results of the high purity titanium surface alloyed Cr modified layer obtained in example 1.
FIG. 4 is the electron micrograph of the ultra-fine crystal nucleus nano-twin crystal of the high purity titanium surface alloying Cr modified layer obtained in example 2.
FIG. 5 shows the hardness test results of the high purity titanium surface alloyed Cr modified layer obtained in example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Selecting a prepared high-purity titanium sample with the thickness of 15 multiplied by 30mm, and firstly sequentially selecting 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 2000# and 3000# sandpaper to polish the sample to be bright. And cleaning the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol after polishing, and finally drying the surface of the sample. The sample with the cleaned surface is clamped on a special fixture, and a 24-micron Cr layer is brush-plated on the surface of the sample by a room-temperature brush plating method. The main parameter ranges of the electric brush Cr plating treatment are as follows: the brush plating time is 10min, and the brush plating voltage is 10V. The Cr layer is composed of small node units which are uniformly distributed, the node size is 10-28 μm, the node is composed of Cr particles smaller than 100nm, and the Cr layer is continuously and uniformly distributed on the surface of the sample, and an electron micrograph thereof is shown in FIG. 1 (a).
And clamping the sample subjected to surface cleaning treatment on a special fixture, placing the sample on a working station of a working chamber of pulse laser equipment, and filling argon with the purity of 99.9% into the working chamber to serve as protective gas. Starting the pulse laser device, applying a voltage, toThe surface of the high-purity titanium material is subjected to pulse laser surface alloying Cr treatment. The main parameter ranges of the pulse laser surface alloying treatment are as follows: laser power of 100W and energy density of 12.5J/mm2Pulse width 5ms, defocus 2mm, and scanning speed 8 mm/s.
The electron microscopic and component test results of the brush plating Cr layer on the surface of the high-purity titanium are shown in figure 1, and it can be seen from the figure that no alloying effect is generated on the Ti substrate in the process of brush plating Cr; tests show that the high-purity titanium surface treated by the surface alloying treatment method forms a Cr-rich superfine/nanocrystalline structure modified layer, wherein the content of Cr is more than 1 wt%, and the depth of the modified layer reaches more than 1 mm; the electron microscopic result of the superfine crystal nucleus nano-twin crystal is shown in figure 2, and the size of the nano-twin crystal is less than 100 nm; the hardness test results are shown in FIG. 3, the hardness is as high as 450-500 HV (the hardness of pure titanium matrix is about 120 HV), which is improved by more than 3 times than that of the matrix.
Example 2
Selecting a prepared high-purity titanium sample with the thickness of 15 multiplied by 30mm, and firstly sequentially selecting 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 2000# and 3000# sandpaper to polish the sample to be bright. And cleaning the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol after polishing, and finally drying the surface of the sample. The sample with the cleaned surface is clamped on a special fixture, and a Cr layer with the thickness of 15 mu m is brush-plated on the surface of the sample by utilizing a room-temperature brush plating method. The main parameter ranges of the electric brush Cr plating treatment are as follows: the brush plating time is 8min, and the brush plating voltage is 8V. And clamping the sample subjected to surface cleaning treatment on a special fixture, placing the sample on a working station of a working chamber of pulse laser equipment, and filling argon with the purity of 99.9% into the working chamber to serve as protective gas. And starting pulse laser equipment, loading voltage, and carrying out pulse laser surface alloying Cr treatment on the surface of the high-purity titanium material. The main parameter ranges of the pulse laser surface alloying treatment are as follows: laser power 200W, energy density 20J/mm2Pulse width 3ms, defocus 4mm, and scanning speed 10 mm/s.
Tests show that the high-purity titanium surface treated by the surface alloying treatment method forms a Cr-rich superfine/nanocrystalline structure modified layer, wherein the content of Cr is more than 1 wt%, and the depth of the modified layer reaches more than 1 mm; the electron microscopic result of the superfine crystal nucleus nano-twin crystal is shown in figure 4, and the size of the nano-twin crystal is less than 100 nm; the hardness test result is shown in FIG. 5, the hardness is as high as 450-500 HV, which is more than 3 times higher than that of the substrate.
Example 3
Selecting a prepared high-purity titanium sample with the thickness of 15 multiplied by 30mm, and firstly sequentially selecting 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 2000# and 3000# sandpaper to polish the sample to be bright. And cleaning the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol after polishing, and finally drying the surface of the sample. The sample with the cleaned surface is clamped on a special fixture, and a 30-micron Cr layer is brush-plated on the surface of the sample by a room-temperature brush plating method. The main parameter ranges of the electric brush Cr plating treatment are as follows: the brush plating time is 12min, and the brush plating voltage is 12V. And clamping the sample subjected to surface cleaning treatment on a special fixture, placing the sample on a working station of a working chamber of pulse laser equipment, and filling argon with the purity of 99.9% into the working chamber to serve as protective gas. And starting pulse laser equipment, loading voltage, and carrying out pulse laser surface alloying Cr treatment on the surface of the high-purity titanium material. The main parameter ranges of the pulse laser surface alloying treatment are as follows: laser power 500W, energy density 25J/mm2Pulse width 6ms, defocus 4mm, and scanning speed 20 mm/s.
Tests show that the high-purity titanium surface treated by the surface alloying treatment method forms a Cr-rich superfine/nano-crystal structure modified layer, wherein the Cr content is more than 1 wt%, the nano twin crystal size is less than 100nm, the depth of the modified layer is more than 1mm, the hardness is as high as 450-500 HV, and the Cr-rich superfine/nano-crystal structure modified layer is improved by more than 3 times compared with a matrix.
Example 4
Selecting a prepared high-purity titanium sample with the thickness of 15 multiplied by 30mm, and firstly sequentially selecting 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 2000# and 3000# sandpaper to polish the sample to be bright. And cleaning the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol after polishing, and finally drying the surface of the sample. The sample with the cleaned surface is clamped on a special fixture, and a 35-micron Cr layer is brush-plated on the surface of the sample by a room-temperature brush plating method. The main parameter ranges of the electric brush Cr plating treatment are as follows: the brush plating time is 12min, and the brush plating voltage is 12V. Clamping the sample with the surface cleaned on a special fixture, placing the fixture on a working station of a working chamber of pulse laser equipment, and filling the working chamber with a purity of 99.9% argon was used as the shielding gas. And starting pulse laser equipment, loading voltage, and carrying out pulse laser surface alloying Cr treatment on the surface of the high-purity titanium material. The main parameter ranges of the pulse laser surface alloying treatment are as follows: laser power 800W, energy density 32J/mm2Pulse width 8ms, defocus 6mm, and scanning speed 25 mm/s.
Tests show that the high-purity titanium surface treated by the surface alloying treatment method forms a Cr-rich superfine/nano-crystal structure modified layer, wherein the Cr content is more than 1 wt%, the nano twin crystal size is less than 100nm, the depth of the modified layer is more than 1mm, the hardness is as high as 450-500 HV, and the Cr-rich superfine/nano-crystal structure modified layer is improved by more than 3 times compared with a matrix.

Claims (2)

1. A method for obtaining a high-purity titanium superhard surface modification layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparation of workpiece and brush plating Cr treatment: polishing, brightening, cleaning and drying a high-purity titanium workpiece by using sand paper, brush-plating a 15-35 mu m Cr layer on the surface of the high-purity titanium workpiece by using an electric brush plating method, wherein the technological parameters of electric brush plating Cr treatment are as follows: the brush plating time is 8-12 min, and the brush plating voltage is 8-12V;
2) pulsed laser processing of the workpiece: carrying out laser surface alloying treatment on the high-purity titanium workpiece subjected to room-temperature brush Cr plating by using inert gas as protective gas, wherein the process parameters of the pulse laser surface alloying treatment are as follows: the laser power is 100-500W, the pulse width is 3-6 ms, the defocusing amount is 2-6 mm, and the scanning speed is 8-15 mm/s;
3) and taking out the workpiece subjected to laser surface alloying treatment, and polishing the surface of the workpiece to be flat.
2. The method of obtaining a high purity titanium superhard surface modification layer of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), a 15-30 mu m Cr layer is brush-plated on the surface of the workpiece by using a brush plating method, and the technological parameters of the brush plating Cr treatment are as follows: the brush plating time is 10min, and the brush plating voltage is 10V.
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