CN108943913A - 一种表面耐电解液铝塑膜及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种表面耐电解液铝塑膜及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种表面耐电解液铝塑膜及其制造方法，使用PBT材质作外层，由于PBT膜的强度和柔韧性与PA膜相近，所生产的铝塑膜冲深性能优良。同时，PBT膜具有优良的耐电解液性能，在生产锂电池过程中，电解液不会污染PBT膜导致电池报废。PBT膜经过加热再结晶过程，提高了PBT膜的拉伸强度，达到甚至超过PA膜的拉伸强度，所生产的铝塑膜冲深性能达到PA膜所生产的铝塑膜水平。将PBT膜加热再结晶过程与干复工序同步实施，降低了成本同时也提高了生产效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包装材料技术领域，具体地说，是一种表面耐电解液铝塑膜及其制造方法。
背景技术
针对硬盒包装锂电池在使用过程中易释放气体，压力增大导致爆炸问题，市面上开始出现新型软包装材料-铝塑膜，软包锂电池在结构上采用铝塑膜包装，在发生安全隐患的情况下软包锂电池最多只会鼓气裂开，而不像钢壳铝壳电芯那样会发生爆炸。
目前广泛所使用的铝塑膜分为三层：内层为粘结层，多采用聚乙烯或聚丙烯材料，起封口粘结作用；中间层为铝箔，能够防止电池外部水汽的渗入，同时防止内部电解液的渗出；外层为保护层，有很强的机械性能，防止外力对电池的损伤，起保护电池的作用。
外层一般选用PA(Polyamid Ep,聚酰胺)膜或PET(Polyethylene terephthalate,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)膜，它们各有优缺点。PA膜强度高、柔韧性好，所生产的铝塑膜冲深性能优良，但是PA材质的外层不耐锂电池所使用的电解液，在生产锂电池过程中，电解液容易污染表面导致电池报废。PET膜具有耐电解液的优异性能，但是PET材质的外层强度低、柔韧性差，所生产的铝塑膜冲深性能差。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种表面耐电解液铝塑膜，同时，还需拥有较好的冲深性能，以及所述铝塑膜的制造方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种表面耐电解液铝塑膜，包括：外层、中间层和内层，并通过粘合剂粘合在一起，所述外层材质为PBT(polybutylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)。
进一步地，所述外层厚度为10～40μm。
进一步地，所述中间层材质为铝，其厚度为30～70μm，所述内层的厚度为30～70μm。
本发明还提供了上述表面耐电解液铝塑膜的制造方法，包括如下步骤：
A.将外层表面涂布粘合剂并送入烘箱内干燥，成为第一半成品；
B.使用复合辊将所述第一半成品与中间层复合在一起，成为第二半成品；
C.将所述第二半成品的中间层表面涂布粘合剂并送入烘箱内干燥，成为第三半成品；
D.使用复合辊将所述第三半成品与内层复合在一起，收卷为成品；
进一步地，所述步骤A和步骤C中，所述烘箱为五段烘箱，由烘箱入口至出口方向，温度设定依次为70～90℃、110～130℃、110～130℃、90～110℃和50～70℃，干燥时间为15～25s。
进一步地，所述步骤A和步骤C中，所述烘箱为五段烘箱，由烘箱入口至出口方向，温度设定依次为80℃、120℃、120℃、100℃和60℃，干燥时间为20s。
进一步地，所述步骤A和C中，粘合剂的涂布量为3～8g/m2。
进一步地，所述步骤B和步骤D中，复合辊的温度为50～70℃。
进一步地，步骤D后，还包括步骤E：将所述成品置于50～70℃环境下固化62～82h。
本发明还提供了上述表面耐电解液铝塑膜的另一制造方法，包括如下步骤：
a.将外层加热，保温一段时间后冷却；
b.将冷却后的外层与中间层和内层复合。
本发明提供的表面耐电解液铝塑膜及其制造方法，使用PBT膜作外层，由于PBT膜的强度和柔韧性与PA膜相近，所生产的铝塑膜冲深性能优良。同时，PBT具有优良的耐电解液性能，在生产锂电池过程中，电解液不会污染PBT膜导致电池报废。PBT膜经过加热再结晶过程，提高了PBT膜的拉伸强度，达到甚至超过PA膜的拉伸强度，所生产的铝塑膜冲深性能达到PA膜所生产的铝塑膜水平。将PBT膜加热再结晶过程与干复工序同步实施，降低了成本同时也提高了生产效率。
附图说明
图1是发明表面耐电解液铝塑膜的结构示意图。
图中，1.外层，2.中间层，3.内层，4.粘合剂层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
如图1所示，一种表面耐电解液铝塑膜，包括外层1、中间层2、内层3，所述外层1和中间层2之间及中间层2和内层3之间设有粘合剂层4，并通过粘合剂层4粘合在一起。外层1的材质为PBT。由于PBT膜的强度和柔韧性与PA膜相近，所生产的铝塑膜冲深性能优良。同时，PBT膜具有优良的耐电解液性能，在生产锂电池过程中，电解液不会污染PBT膜导致电池报废。外层1的厚度为10～40μm，优选地，外层1厚度为12～25μm。中间层2材质为铝，其厚度为30～70μm，优选地，内层2的厚度为40μm。内层3厚度为30～70μm，优选地，内层3的厚度为40μm。
本实施例中，外层1选用江苏昆山百科塑料有限公司的型号为PBT-F薄膜，厚度为25μm。中间层2选用河南明泰铝业股份有限公司的软质铝箔，型号为8021，厚度为40μm。内层3选用江阴通利光电科技有限公司的流延聚丙烯薄膜，厚度为40μm。粘合剂层4选用北京高盟化工有限公司的YH3640A/YH3640B,配比为10:1.5，工作浓度25％。
制造方法，包括如下步骤：
A.在干法复合机上，采用凹版涂布方式，在外层1表面涂布粘合剂，粘合剂的涂布量为3～8g/m2，优选地，粘合剂的涂布量为5g/m2，涂布完成后，送入五段烘箱内干燥，由烘箱入口至出口方向，温度设定依次为70～90℃、110～130℃、110～130℃、90～110℃和50～70℃，干燥时间为15～25s，优选地，温度设定依次为80℃、120℃、120℃、100℃和60℃，干燥时间为20s。制成第一半成品。
B.使用60±10℃的复合辊将所述第一半成品与中间层2复合在一起，成为第二半成品。优选地，使用60℃的复合辊复合。
C.在干法复合机上，采用凹版涂布方式，在所述第二半成品中的中间层2表面涂布粘合剂，粘合剂的涂布量为3～8g/m2，优选地，粘合剂的涂布量为5g/m2，涂布完成后，送入五段烘箱内干燥，由烘箱入口至出口方向，温度设定依次为70～90℃、110～130℃、110～130℃、90～110℃和50～70℃，干燥时间为15～25s，优选地，温度设定依次为80℃、120℃、120℃、100℃和60℃，干燥时间为20s。制成第三半成品；
D.使用60±10℃的复合辊将所述第三半成品与内层3复合在一起，优选地，使用60℃的复合辊复合，成为第四半成品；
E.将所述第四半成品置于60±10℃环境下固化72±10小时，优选地，将所述第四半成品置于60℃环境下固化72小时，得到成品。
本发明的制造方法中，使用烘箱干燥粘合剂的同时，对外层1加热使其结晶，提高拉伸强度，优化铝塑膜的性能。加热方式包括但不限于热风加热、红外加热或热辊筒加热。外层1加热再结晶过程与干复工序同步实施，降低了成本同时也提高了生产效率。
本发明还提供了另一制造方法，外层1加热再结晶过程与干复工序分开实施，两者互相不干扰。PBT膜由生产厂商加热再结晶后再出售，有利于控制制造品质及降低PBT膜加热再结晶的成本。或者由铝塑膜生产厂商自行对PBT膜加热再结晶处理后，再进行复合作用。包括如下步骤：
a.将外层加热，保温一段时间后冷却；
b.将冷却后的外层与中间层和内层复合。
本制造方法的一可选实施方式中，步骤a中，将外层1送入五段烘箱内干燥，其中五段烘箱内干燥，温度设定依次为70～90℃、110～130℃、110～130℃、90～110℃和50～70℃，干燥时间为15～25s，优选地，温度设定依次为80℃、120℃、120℃、100℃和60℃，干燥时间为20s。所述步骤a完成后可直接进行步骤b，也可以根据需要，将步骤a重复一次或多次。
步骤b中为常规复合方式，此处不再赘述。
效果验证：
耐电解液性对比：将本发明的铝塑膜和表面为PA膜的铝塑膜表面滴上电解液(碳酸二甲酯、碳酸乙酯、碳酸二乙酯体积为1:1:1，含电解质LiPF6为1mol/L)，温度23℃，相对湿度为50％的环境下，静置24小时，用水擦除电解液后观察对比，PA表面出现明显的腐蚀现象，PBT表面无明显变化。
冲深性能对比：将本发明的铝塑膜与相同厚度表面为PA膜的铝塑膜，在冲深模具上进行冲深对比，两者冲深均为6mm。
拉伸强度对比：从测试数据可以看出PBT经过加热再结晶后拉伸强度提高明显，且MD(Machine Direction，机械方向)方向的拉伸强度超过PA膜，TD(Transverse Direction，垂直于机械方向)方向的拉伸强度与PA膜相当(表中单位：Mpa)。
| 样品 | MD | TD |
| PBT原膜 | 250 | 260 |
| PBT加热再结晶后 | 290 | 290 |
| PA膜 | 280 | 290 |
结论：通过上述测试可知，本发明中PBT外层的机械性能优于PA膜；本发明的铝塑膜的冲深性与PA膜作外层的铝塑膜相当；本发明的铝塑膜的耐电解液性能优于PA膜作外层的铝塑膜。
本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换，均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种表面耐电解液铝塑膜，其特征在于，包括：外层、中间层和内层，所述外层、中间层和内层通过粘合剂粘合在一起，所述外层材质为PBT。
2.如权利要求1所述的表面耐电解液铝塑膜，其特征在于，所述外层厚度为10～40μm。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的表面耐电解液铝塑膜，其特征在于，所述中间层材质为铝，其厚度为30～70μm，所述内层的厚度为30～70μm。
4.权利要求1～3任一所述的表面耐电解液铝塑膜的制造方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
A.将外层表面涂布粘合剂并送入烘箱内干燥，成为第一半成品；
B.使用复合辊将所述第一半成品与中间层复合在一起，成为第二半成品；
C.将所述第二半成品的中间层表面涂布粘合剂并送入烘箱内干燥，成为第三半成品；
D.使用复合辊将所述第三半成品与内层复合在一起，收卷为成品；
5.如权利要求4所述的表面耐电解液铝塑膜的制造方法，其特征在于，所述步骤A和步骤C中，所述烘箱为五段烘箱，由烘箱入口至出口方向，温度设定依次为70～90℃、110～130℃、110～130℃、90～110℃和50～70℃，干燥时间为15～25s。
6.如权利要求5所述的表面耐电解液铝塑膜的制造方法，其特征在于，所述步骤A和步骤C中，所述烘箱为五段烘箱，由烘箱入口至出口方向，温度设定依次为80℃、120℃、120℃、100℃和60℃，干燥时间为20s。
7.如权利要求4所述的表面耐电解液铝塑膜的制造方法，其特征在于，所述步骤A和C中，粘合剂的涂布量为3～8g/m2。
8.如权利要求4所述的表面耐电解液铝塑膜的制造方法，其特征在于，所述步骤B和步骤D中，复合辊的温度为50～70℃。
9.如权利要求4～8任一所述的表面耐电解液铝塑膜的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤D后，还包括步骤E：将所述成品置于50～70℃环境下固化62～82h。
10.权利要求1～3任一所述的表面耐电解液铝塑膜的制造方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
a.将外层加热，保温一段时间后冷却；
b.将冷却后的外层与中间层和内层复合。
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