CN108934722A - 一种解决花椒树开黄花不结果现象的用药防治方法 - Google Patents

一种解决花椒树开黄花不结果现象的用药防治方法 Download PDF

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CN108934722A
CN108934722A CN201810959682.7A CN201810959682A CN108934722A CN 108934722 A CN108934722 A CN 108934722A CN 201810959682 A CN201810959682 A CN 201810959682A CN 108934722 A CN108934722 A CN 108934722A
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董鹏
况觅
李姗蓉
雷飞跃
曾卓华
罗雪峰
曲淑娟
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CHONGQING AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY EXTENSION STATION
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Abstract

本发明属于花椒树培育技术领域，公开了一种解决花椒树开黄花不结果现象的药肥防治方法，先用益圃生物有机肥1株用1.5‑2.5kg，沿树灌撒施；同时用含氨基酸水溶肥料灌根；用植物调节水剂2g+含氨基酸水溶肥料25g+吡唑萘菌胺嘧菌酯10ml+保农时水溶肥50g对水15L对全树喷雾；在开花前用植物调节水剂2g+植物调节剂30g+吡唑萘菌胺嘧菌酯10ml+高效氯氟氰菊酯噻虫嗪10ml对水15L全株喷雾；谢花后喷雾1次。通过运用本发明土壤改良和优化药剂防治方法，可以使之前因“开黄花”导致无法结果的花椒树，恢复结果，且结果率达到50％以上，打破了花椒黄花不实的病害现象。

Description

一种解决花椒树开黄花不结果现象的用药防治方法
技术领域
本发明属于花椒树培育技术领域，尤其涉及一种解决花椒树开黄花不结果现象的药肥防治方法。
背景技术
目前，业内常用的现有技术是这样的：
花椒是一种常见的中药配料、香料和调味料，在中国、东南亚和日本有着广阔的市场。重庆因地理、气候优势，成为青花椒的重点优势产区，其中，素有“花椒之乡”称谓的江津，拥有全国最大的优质青花椒生产基地50万亩，其主产的九叶青花椒，更是长期占据全国青花椒市场的主导地位。然而在花椒产业逐渐扩大做强的同时，一些影响花椒产量的病害却无法得到有效防控，表现较为突出的就有花椒黄花病。
花椒黄花病是一种因花椒受非生物因素影响而引起的花椒生理代谢失调而发生的生理性病害，在重庆市青花椒基地内5年前开始出现的这一病症，一旦开花就丧失结果能力，直至死亡，所以黄花病又被称为是“花椒癌症”。具体表现为雄花花柱分化明显，雌花花柱分化短小，与正常花形状完全不一样，而且开黄花的花椒开花前后叶片生长不出来，初步分析为花椒内缘激素失衡，雌花很难授粉，叶片分化过小营养供应不上，所以造成花椒树不结果或少结果，严重影响花椒产业健康发展。
目前针对花椒黄花病，采用的解决办法大致有以下几种：
1.刨树法：对已经发生黄花的树连根刨除，并进行土壤消毒。此方法是目前推广应用最多的方法，抑制黄花蔓延效果最明显。
2.修剪法：剪掉发生黄花的枝条，阻止其发生。此方法使用较多，成功案例最多。
3.嫁接法：采用未发生黄花的枝条，在已发生黄花的树上进行嫁接。此方法经验证不可行，嫁接过后的枝条表现为黄花现象。
3、药剂治疗法：对发生黄花的树使用吗啉胍等抗病毒药剂。此方法经验证不可行，用药后仍然有黄花现象发生。
4、改土法：对发生黄花的园区大量使用有机肥+中微量元素活化土壤，补充营养。此方法经验证具有一定的抑制黄花蔓延作用。
综上所述，现有技术存在的问题是：
在目前尚未明确找到花椒黄花病的准确致病因子前提下，对已发病地块，只能通过直接刨树来抑制黄花蔓延，其余方法对发病株的生产恢复能力效果甚微。而本申请可对已开黄花的花椒树，采用土壤改良和优化药剂使用的方式，对花椒土壤生长环境和花椒树体内的营养元素与内源激素进行调控，从而达到恢复黄花病花椒树再次座果的目的，且结果率达到50％以上，打破了花椒黄花不实的病害现象。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种解决花椒黄花病的药肥综合施用防治方法。本发明将对已开黄花的花椒树，采用土壤改良和优化药剂使用的方式，对花椒土壤和花椒树体内的微量元素进行调控，从而达到恢复黄花病花椒树再次座果的目的。
本发明是这样实现的，一方面强化作物营养补给。在花椒树每年开始营养生长、大量输送养分之前，提前在花椒基地施用含氨基酸水溶肥和精甲霜灵咯菌腈对花椒树进行营养补给，增加土壤有机质含量和营养元素积累，促进花椒根系壮大，提高作物对营养元素、微量元素的吸收；另一方面注重适期用药防控。针对花椒黄花病，进行不同生长阶段发生情况的监测分析，再选择对应药剂，确定最佳药剂用量。从而达到防治花椒黄花病发生的最佳防控效果。
一种解决花椒黄花病的药肥综合施用防治方法，包括以下步骤：
针对开黄花树势弱，根系差；先用益圃生物有机肥1株用1.5-2.5kg，沿树灌撒施，松土20cm左右。同时用含氨基酸水溶肥料20ml+保农时水溶肥100g+精甲霜灵咯菌腈5ml对水5L进行灌根。
针对开黄花椒树养分不平衡，花芽分化失调；用天然赤霉素、吲哚乙酸、芸苔素内酯等植物调节水剂2g+含氨基酸水溶肥料25g+吡唑萘菌胺嘧菌酯10ml+保农时水溶肥50g对水15L对全树喷雾；修复树体。
在开花前用含氨基酸水溶肥料25g+天然赤霉素、吲哚乙酸、芸苔素内酯等植物调节水剂2g+花蕾宝30g+吡唑萘菌胺嘧菌酯10ml+高效氯氟氰菊酯噻虫嗪10ml对水15L全株喷雾，促进花芽分化，增强树势.有利于保花.在谢花后在按此方案喷雾1次,可有效么解决开黄花落花落果。
本发明的优点及积极效果为：一方面强化作物营养补给。在花椒树每年开始营养生长、大量输送养分之前，提前在花椒基地施用含氨基酸水溶肥和精甲霜灵咯菌腈对花椒树进行营养补给，增加土壤有机质含量和营养元素积累，促进花椒根系壮大，提高作物对营养元素、微量元素的吸收；另一方面注重适期用药防控。针对花椒黄花病，进行不同生长阶段发生情况的监测分析，再选择对应药剂，确定最佳药剂用量。从而达到防治花椒黄花病发生的最佳防控效果。通过运用本发明药剂防治方法，可以使之前因感染黄花病导致无法结果的花椒树恢复结果，且结果率达到50％以上，打破了花椒黄花不实的病害现象。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的解决花椒树开黄花不结果现象的用药防治方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
下面结合附图对本发明的应用原理作详细的描述。
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供的解决花椒树开黄花不结果现象的用药防治方法包括以下步骤：
S101:针对开黄花树势弱，根系差。先用益圃生物有机肥1株用1.5-2.5kg，沿树灌撒施，松土20cm左右。同时用含氨基酸水溶肥料20ml+保农时水溶肥100g+精甲霜灵咯菌腈5ml对水5L进行灌根。
S102：针对开黄花椒树养分不平衡，花芽分化失调。用天然赤霉素、吲哚乙酸、芸苔素内酯等植物调节水剂2g+含氨基酸水溶肥料25g+吡唑萘菌胺嘧菌酯10ml+保农时水溶肥50g对水15L对全树喷雾。修复树体。
S103：在开花前用含氨基酸水溶肥料25g+天然赤霉素、吲哚乙酸、芸苔素内酯等植物调节水剂2g+花蕾宝30g+吡唑萘菌胺嘧菌酯10ml+高效氯氟氰菊酯噻虫嗪10ml对水15L全株喷雾，促进花芽分化，增强树势.有利于保花.在谢花后在按此方案喷雾1次,可有效么解决开黄花落花落果。
通过运用本发明药剂防治方法，可以使之前因感染黄花病导致无法结果的花椒树恢复结果，且结果率达到50％以上，打破了花椒黄花不实的病害现象。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种解决花椒树开黄花不结果现象的用药防治方法，其特征在于，所述解决花椒树开黄花不结果现象的用药防治方法包括：
先用益圃生物有机肥1株用1.5-2.5kg，沿树灌撒施，松土20cm；同时用含氨基酸水溶肥料20ml+保农时水溶肥100g+精甲霜灵咯菌腈5ml对水5L进行灌根；
用天然赤霉素、吲哚乙酸、芸苔素内酯等植物调节水剂2g+含氨基酸水溶肥料25g+吡唑萘菌胺嘧菌酯10ml+保农时水溶肥50g对水15L对全树喷雾；
在开花前用含氨基酸水溶肥料25g+天然赤霉素、吲哚乙酸、芸苔素内酯等植物调节水剂2g+花蕾宝30g+吡唑萘菌胺嘧菌酯10ml+高效氯氟氰菊酯噻虫嗪10ml对水15L全株喷雾；谢花后喷雾1次。
2.如权利要求1所述的解决花椒树开黄花不结果现象的用药防治方法，其特征在于，用天然赤霉素、吲哚乙酸、芸苔素内酯等植物调节水剂2g+含氨基酸水溶肥料25g+吡唑萘菌胺嘧菌酯10ml+保农时水溶肥50g对水15L对全树喷雾中，同时进行修复树体。
3.如权利要求1所述的解决花椒树开黄花不结果现象的用药防治方法，其特征在于，谢花后喷雾1次的方法包括：
谢花后用含氨基酸水溶肥料25g+天然赤霉素、吲哚乙酸、芸苔素内酯等植物调节水剂2g+花蕾宝30g+吡唑萘菌胺嘧菌酯10ml+高效氯氟氰菊酯噻虫嗪10ml对水15L全株喷雾。
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