CN108934308A - A kind of planting and fertilizing machine and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of planting and fertilizing machines and method in agricultural machinery technological field, including liftable seed manure fixed frame, seed manure fixed frame front has been rotatably coupled rotation axis, several trench digging components are placed in rotation axis, trench digging component is opened kind of ditch portion and is opened fertile ditch portion and form by spaced, Seeding box and fertilizing box are fixed on the seed manure fixed frame at trench digging component rear, several sowing openings are arranged at the bottom of Seeding box, have in fertilizing box for fertilising fertilizing mechanism and and for apply water-retaining agent apply water-retaining agent mechanism, fertilizing mechanism includes the horizontal baffle being arranged in fertilizing box, the bottom of fertilizing box is provided with several discharge ports, discharge port includes applying water-retaining agent mouth and fertilization mouth, the two sides of sowing opening are flushed with the two sides for opening kind of ditch portion, arranging on horizontal baffle, several fall Fei Kou, the bottom side of horizontal baffle is placed with several guide seats, Be provided on guide seat with fertilization mouth, fall the material guide hole that fertile mouth is connected to；The present invention can guarantee seeding and fertilizing depth, be conducive to the growth of seed.

Description

A kind of planting and fertilizing machine and method

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural machinery technological field, in particular to a kind of planting and fertilizing machine and method.

Background technique

Traditional crop seeding fertilising is carried out generally by artificial, with the development of technology, currently, crop seeding It applies fertilizer and realizes mechanical work extensively, first ditches before sowing, sowed at trench digging, finish kind and refertilize.In the prior art, open One patent name is the Chinese invention patent of " a kind of planting and fertilizing machine ", applying date 216.10.25, and date of publication is 2018.05.01, the invention includes rack, and rack one end is connected with handle, before and after bottom of the frame side be respectively arranged with driving wheel and Press wheel is provided with seeding wheel, is connected with Seeding box above seeding wheel, the front and back side of seeding wheel is also between driving wheel and press wheel It is provided with plough and covering device, sponge clad is enclosed on driving wheel, press wheel, fertilizer apparatus is arranged after Seeding box Side, plough are ditched, and the seed in Seeding box is fallen in ditch, meanwhile, seed can also be fallen on the soil outside ditch, Wu Fabao Card seed is fallen in ditch, while causing seed to waste, also not can guarantee depth of planting；Fertilizer in fertilizing box falls directly on kind On son, seed is directly contacted with fertilizer, it is easy to the nutrient foot excessively of seed be caused to be unfavorable for the growth of seed instead；Also it can not protect Card fertilizer is all fallen in ditch, causes the waste of fertilizer；When not needing seeding and fertilizing operation, obtaining will be in fertilizing box and Seeding box Remaining material remove clean, otherwise, seed and fertilizer can be fallen, and pollute environment；Most of all, for stemness soil, soil In not for the moisture of seed growth, need manually to spread water into field after seeding and fertilizing, to meet seed growth Required moisture, cumbersome, large labor intensity, inefficiency.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to overcome shortcoming in the prior art, a kind of planting and fertilizing machine and method, solution are provided It has determined and has been unfavorable for the technical problem of seed growth and large labor intensity in the prior art, when using seeding and fertilizing of the present invention, fertilizer It does not directly fall on seed, is conducive to the growth of seed；It can guarantee seeding and fertilizing depth；Toward applying on seed while seeding and fertilizing Enter water-retaining agent, easy to operate, labor intensity is small, high-efficient.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of planting and fertilizing machine, including liftable seed manure fixed frame, and described kind The front of fertile fixed frame has been rotatably coupled rotation axis, and several groups trench digging component, the trench digging are placed in the rotation axis Component is opened kind of ditch portion and is opened fertile ditch portion and form by spaced, and opening kind of ditch portion and opening the spacing of fertile ditch portion is 8-12cm, trench digging Seeding box and fertilizing box are fixed on the seed manure fixed frame at component rear, the bottom of the Seeding box is placed with several sowing openings, Be equipped with fertilizing mechanism in the fertilizing box and apply water-retaining agent mechanism, fertilizing mechanism include be horizontally set in fertilizing box it is horizontal every Plate is placed with several vertical clapboards being vertically arranged in the fertilizing box on the downside of horizontal baffle, and the bottom of fertilizing box is provided with several Discharge port corresponding with vertical clapboard position, the discharge port side and vertical clapboard side form and apply water-retaining agent mouth, vertically every Fertilization mouth is formed between the plate other side and the discharge port other side, horizontal baffle, fertilising chamber interior wall and vertical clapboard side, which are formed, puts The cavity of water-retaining agent is set, the fertilizer box lid at the top of horizontal baffle top, fertilising chamber interior wall and fertilizing box is formed for placing fertilizer Fertilizer chamber, fertilizer box, which covers, is provided at least one feed inlet, be placed on horizontal baffle it is several be connected to fertilizer chamber fall Fei Kou, water The routed underneath of flat partition board has several guide seats corresponding with fertile mouth is fallen, be provided on guide seat just with fertilization mouth, fall fertile mouth and connect Logical material guide hole, the bottom side of guide seat contradict on fertilising chamber interior wall；In the lateral direction, the two sides of sowing opening and kind of a ditch portion is opened Two sides flush；The position for applying water-retaining agent mouth is corresponding with the position of sowing opening, applies the region in the lateral direction of water-retaining agent mouth In the region of sowing opening in the lateral direction, the area of fertile ditch portion in left and right directions is being opened in the region of material guide hole in the lateral direction In domain.

In order to further increase the controllability of sowing movement, the bottom of the Seeding box is placed with several and sowing opening quantity Identical electric seed sowing mechanism, the seed inlet of feed mechanism for seed and the position of sowing opening are corresponding.

In order to further increase the controllability of fertilising movement, the horizontal baffle bottom side is also placed with several groups and falls Fei Kou Corresponding jettron component, the jettron component include be arranged in fall the two sides Fei Kou have accommodating chamber and structure it is identical Bearing seat one and bearing seat two, the guide seat is arranged in the bottom side of bearing seat one and bearing seat two, and bearing seat one includes branch Support part, the side of support portion are equipped with flexible backgauge portion, form the accommodating chamber between support portion and backgauge portion inside, prop up The other end of support part is provided with link slot, and the venthole being connected to accommodating chamber, support portion warp are provided on the corresponding support portion of link slot Link slot is connected with check valve, and the air inlet of the check valve is connected to outside, and the gas outlet of check valve through venthole and accommodates Chamber connection；Backgauge portion face setting on the bearing seat one and bearing seat two, when backgauge portion is softened, two backgauge portion coverings Fall Fei Kou；When backgauge portion is in fully retracted state, backgauge portion is outside the edge for falling fertile mouth；In this design, when not needing fertilising, To interacvity air-filling is accommodated, the backgauge portion of fertilization mouth two sides is stretched out to fertilization mouth, and backgauge portion covers fertilization mouth, and fertilization mouth is closed It closes, fertilizer can not be fallen；When needing to apply fertilizer, stopping to interacvity air-filling is accommodated, the air pressure in accommodating chamber reduces, and backgauge portion retracts, Fertilizer is fallen；When needing to be closed fertilization mouth again, again to interacvity air-filling is accommodated, backgauge portion is softened rapidly, is sticked to backgauge The fertilizer moistened in portion or the fertilizer done are ejected under the tension of backgauge portion, further increase two of face setting Leakproofness when backgauge portion is closed.

It further include aerostatic press to further speed up the retraction of backgauge portion, the delivery outlet of the aerostatic press connects several electricity The air inlet of magnet valve one, the gas outlet of the solenoid valve one connect the air inlet of two check valves in one group of jettron component, The quantity of solenoid valve one and the quantity of fertilization mouth are identical, support portion connect solenoid valve two air inlet, the solenoid valve two into Port is connected to accommodating chamber, the air inlet of the gas outlet connection air accumulator of solenoid valve two.

In order to further increase the controllability for applying water-retaining agent, the water-retaining agent mechanism that applies includes the drive being connected in outside fertilizing box Motor one is moved, has been rotatably coupled transmission shaft on the driving motor one, one end of the transmission shaft is connected to fertilizing box one The other end of side, transmission shaft is connect with the fertilizing box other side, and several swing arms, the quantity of the swing arm are placed on transmission shaft Identical with the quantity of discharge port, one end of swing arm and transmission axis connection, the other end of swing arm are rotatably coupled backgauge arm One end, the lower part of the backgauge arm is fixed with backgauge frame, in the lateral direction, each backgauge frame, backgauge arm and swing arm Position is corresponding with each position for applying water-retaining agent mouth, and the inside of the fertilizer box is equipped with sealing block, and the bottom side of the sealing block is supported Touch fertilising chamber interior wall bottom side, the two sides of sealing block in the lateral direction with apply fertilizer chamber interior wall flush, the backgauge frame with it is close The side that envelope block is oppositely arranged is equipped with sealing strip one, and sealing block is equipped with sealing strip two, and sealing strip one can be contradicted in sealing strip two On；When sealing strip one contradicts on sealing strip two, backgauge frame, sealing block, sealing strip one and sealing strip two, adjacent two it is perpendicular Straight baffle forms the individual cavity for placing water-retaining agent；Overcentre of the center of the sealing strip two in sealing strip one；Institute It states and is placed with several openable seal caps on horizontal baffle, seal cap is corresponding with the position of individual cavity；In this design, it is not required to When applying water-retaining agent mouth, the direction of action of driving motor one, transmission shaft rotation are controlled, the rotation of transmission shaft drives the pendulum of swing arm Dynamic, the swing of swing arm drives the swing of backgauge arm, and the swing of backgauge arm drives the swing of backgauge frame, when sealing strip one is pressed on When on sealing strip two, the bottom of individual cavity is closed state, and water-retaining agent is not fallen out；When needing to apply water-retaining agent, driving electricity One counteragent of machine, sealing strip two sealing strip one top and at the rear of sealing strip one, it is tight just to have started sealing strip one It is pressed on sealing strip two, sealing strip one breaks away after sealing strip two, and the water-retaining agent above sealing strip two is in sealing strip two Reaction force acts have a down dip and fall diagonally forward, guarantee that water-retaining agent can be fallen on seed.

In order to apply fertilizer with sowing and paste with realizing patch, it has been rotatably coupled on the seed manure fixed frame in front of the rotation axis Support roller, the bottom side of the support roller are lower than the lowest side 1-5cm of electric seed sowing mechanism feed mechanism for seed, and the bottom side of the support roller is lower than The lowest side 1-5cm of fertilizing box.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the lowest side for opening kind of ditch portion is lower than the lowest side 2-8cm of support roller, opens Fertile ditch portion is V-shaped for opening below kind ditch portion, and the bottom for opening fertile ditch portion is lower than the bottom 2-8cm for opening kind of ditch portion；In this design, kind is opened Fertile ditch portion of opening below ditch portion is V-structure, plants the fertile ditch below ditch and fertilizer nutrient is quickly penetrated into kind of a ditch by inclined surface In the soil of lower section.

It further include the elevating mechanism for being connected in the rear end of rack of rotary cultivator to realize the lifting of seed manure fixed frame, it is described Elevating mechanism include two preceding attachment bases and rear attachment base, the fixing end of the hinged lift actuator in top of the preceding attachment base, Hingedly upper motion bar one end, the upper motion bar other end are connect with after on preceding attachment base below the fixing end of lift actuator The top of seat is hinged, motion bar one end under the lower hinge of preceding attachment base, and the other end and rear attachment base of the lower motion bar are cut with scissors It connects, the push-pull rod that can do linear reciprocating motion is connected on lift actuator, the extension end of the push-pull rod and upper motion bar are cut with scissors It connects, attachment base links together through support frame after two, and the front side of rear attachment base and seed manure fixed frame is connected；The upper activity Bar, rear attachment base, lower motion bar and preceding attachment base constitute parallelogram sturcutre.

In order to realize the trench digging of seed manure ditching knife, the top side of the seed manure fixed frame is connected with driving motor two, the drive It is connected with driving wheel on the output shaft of dynamic motor two, one end of the rotation axis is connected with driven wheel, and the driving wheel is through being driven Band is sequentially connected with driven wheel.

The method for carrying out ferti-seeding using the planting and fertilizing machine, comprising the following steps:

(1) control each solenoid valve one it is electric, open aerostatic press, compressed gas is successively passed through solenoid valve one, unidirectional by aerostatic press The intercommunicating pore of valve and support portion is sent into accommodating chamber, and the air pressure in accommodating chamber is gradually increased, and struts backgauge portion, and backgauge portion is complete When strutting, backgauge portion covers fertilization mouth, seed is put into through over-discharge kind mouth by seed kind intracavitary, and using external pumping fertilizer to pump will Have sticking slurry fertilizer and extract out from storing up in fertile tank, and it is intracavitary successively through fertilizer delivering pipe and feed inlet to be delivered to fertilizer, to fertilizer It is covered in the longitudinal direction and after fertilizer depth reaches the height of needs, closes and take out fertilizer pump, fetch fertilizer delivering pipe；Control driving motor One movement, swings backgauge frame towards sealing block direction, when sealing strip one is tightly pressed against on sealing strip two, closes driving electricity Machine one opens each seal cap, is put into enough water-retaining agent in individual cavity by seal cap, closes seal cap；

(2) first seed manure fixed frame is fallen using elevating mechanism, makes ground face contact of the support roller just with field, support roller is first right Field suppression after rotary tillage is smooth, opens driving motor two, opens kind of ditch portion and opens fertile ditch portion and carries out respectively to the field after smooth It opens kind of ditch and opens fertile ditch, control each electric seed sowing mechanism and open, the seed in Seeding box falls into electric seed sowing mechanism from sowing opening Seed inlet, electric seed sowing mechanism fall into seed in kind of ditch；

(3) control solenoid valve one powers off, and compressed air is no longer passed through in the accommodating chamber of support portion, and control solenoid valve two obtains electric, appearance Intracavitary compressed air of receiving quickly enters in air accumulator, and backgauge portion retracts rapidly, and fertilizer is successively fallen Fei Kou, material guide hole and fertilising Mouth drops down onto fertile ditch；

(4) driving motor one is opened, one counteragent of driving motor is controlled, swing arm drives backgauge frame away from sealing block institute It is swung in direction, sealing strip one leaves sealing strip two, and water-retaining agent is fallen on seed from water-retaining agent mouth is applied, and is set when rotation axis turns to When fixed angle, driving motor one is closed；

(5) rotary cultivator rotary tillage is complete behind the operation area of operation, and control driving motor two, all solenoid valves one obtain electric and all electronic Feed mechanism for seed power-off, control driving motor one act, and swing backgauge frame towards sealing block direction, sealing strip one is tightly pressed against When on sealing strip two, driving motor one is closed；Otherwise, the sowing step in return step (2)；

(6) farming personnel are to upper soil is covered at seeding and fertilizing, to the end of all seeding and fertilizing areas earthing, using planisher to sowing Fertilization area progress is smooth, then seeding and fertilizing terminates；

Wherein, step (2), step (3) are synchronous with step (4) carries out.

Compared with prior art, the present invention is had following technical effect that in the present invention and is synchronously completed using seed manure ditching knife It opens kind of ditch and opens the movement of fertile ditch, fertile ditch is close to kind of ditch, and it is in after fertile ditch is interior that fertilizer, which is fallen into, and fertilizer penetrates into kind of a ditch lower section through overfertilization ditch Soil in, in the nutrient percolation to seed of fertilizer, be conducive to the growth of seed；The movement of sowing and fertilising is controllable, wherein no When needing to apply fertilizer, to interacvity air-filling is accommodated, the backgauge portion of fertilization mouth two sides is stretched out to fertilization mouth, and backgauge portion covers fertilization mouth Firmly, fertilization mouth is closed, and fertilizer can not be fallen；When needing to apply fertilizer, stopping to interacvity air-filling is accommodated, the air pressure in accommodating chamber reduces, Backgauge portion retracts, and fertilizer is fallen；When needing to be closed fertilization mouth again, again to interacvity air-filling is accommodated, backgauge portion is supportted rapidly It opens, is sticked to the fertilizer moistened in backgauge portion or the fertilizer done is ejected under the tension of backgauge portion, further increase just Leakproofness when to the closing of two backgauge portions of setting, when not operation, fertilizer will not be to whereabouts；When not needing to apply water-retaining agent, control The direction of action of driving motor one processed, rotation axis rotation, the rotation of rotation axis drive the swing of swing arm, the swing band of swing arm The swing of dynamic backgauge arm, the swing of backgauge arm drives the swing of backgauge frame, independent when sealing strip one is pressed on sealing strip two The bottom of cavity is closed state, and water-retaining agent is not fallen out；When needing to apply water-retaining agent, one counteragent of driving motor, Sealing strip two sealing strip one top and at the rear of sealing strip one, just started sealing strip one and be pressed on sealing strip two, it is close Strip of paper used for sealing one breaks away after sealing strip two, and the water-retaining agent above sealing strip two tilts under the reaction force acts of sealing strip two It falls forward, guarantees that water-retaining agent can be fallen on seed；It sows, apply water-retaining agent progress synchronous with fertilising movement, it is high-efficient, it broadcasts Kind, apply water-retaining agent and fertilising work carries out with pasting substantially, seed and fertilizer are accurately fallen into respectively in kind of ditch and fertile ditch, guarantee to broadcast The depth of kind and fertilising；It applies water-retaining agent and fertilizing mechanism setting is integrated, structure is more compact, and operation is simpler, and labour is strong Spend it is small, it is high-efficient；By the design of seeding and fertilizing method, sowing is applied water-retaining agent fertilising work and is orderly carried out, and fertilizer is not applied directly On seed, the nutrient of fertilizer is gradually penetrated into the soil below kind of ditch, while providing nutrient to seed growth, is conducive to The growth of seed；Water-retaining agent is applied on seed, is set according to the application rate of setting and is formed between sealing strip one and sealing strip two Gap size, to control the sowing amount of water-retaining agent, give seed provide grow required for moisture, be conducive to the growth of seed； In seeding and fertilizing work when can be applied to the crop planting of stemness soil.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is three-dimensional structure diagram one of the invention.

Fig. 2 is three-dimensional structure diagram two of the invention.

Fig. 3 is three-dimensional structure diagram three of the invention.

Fig. 4 is main view of the invention.

Fig. 5 is the top view of fertilizing box in the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the B-B direction view in Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is the C-C direction view in Fig. 5.

Fig. 8 is the three-dimensional structure diagram of fertilizing mechanism in the present invention.

Fig. 9 is that fertilizing mechanism hides the three-dimensional structure diagram after guide seat in the present invention.

Figure 10 is the partial enlarged view in Fig. 2 at A.

Figure 11 is the structural schematic diagram that bearing seat one is connected with check valve in the present invention.

Structural schematic diagram when Figure 12 is Pneumatic assembly closure in the present invention.

Figure 13 is the connection schematic diagram of gas circuit structure in the present invention.

Figure 14 is the structural schematic diagram in the cave Zhong Gou of the present invention.

Figure 15 is the partial enlarged view in Fig. 4 at D.

Wherein, 1 fertilizing box, 2 Seeding boxs, 3 trench digging components, 301 open fertile ditch portion, and 302 open kind of a ditch portion, 4 seed manure fixed frames, and 5 Elevating mechanism, 501 support frames, motion bar on 502,503 lower motion bars, attachment base before 504,505 lift actuators, 506 push-and-pulls Bar, attachment base after 507,6 support rollers, 7 transmission belts, 8 driving wheels, 9 driving motors two, 10 kinds of case lids, 11 fertilizer box lids, 12 is electronic Feed mechanism for seed, 13 discharge ports, 1301 apply water-retaining agent mouth, and 1302 fertilization mouthes, 14 fertilizing mechanisms, 1401 horizontal baffles, 1402 fall Fei Kou, 1403 material guide holes, 1404 bearing seats one, 1404a support portion, 1404b backgauge portion, 1405 guide seats, 1406 bearing seats two, 1407 Check valve, 1408 link slots, 1409 accommodating chambers, 1410 ventholes, 15 driven wheels, 16 sowing openings, 17 vertical clapboards, 18 apply water conservation Agent mechanism, 1801 backgauge framves, 1802 backgauge arms, 1803 swing arms, 1804 transmission shafts, 1805 driving motors one, 1806 sealing strips Two, 1807 sealing strips one, 1808 backgauge framves, 1809 individual cavities, 1810 sealing blocks, 19 solenoid valves one, 20 aerostatic presses, 21 electromagnetism Valve two, 22 air accumulators, 23 fertile ditches, 24 kinds of ditches, 25 rotation axis.

Specific embodiment

Invention is further explained with reference to the accompanying drawing.

A kind of planting and fertilizing machine as shown in Fig. 1 ~ 15, including liftable seed manure fixed frame 4, before seed manure fixed frame 4 Portion has been rotatably coupled rotation axis 25, and the structure for realizing that rotation axis 25 rotates specifically is the top side connection of seed manure fixed frame 4 There is driving motor 29, driving wheel 8 is connected on the output shaft of driving motor 29, one end of rotation axis 25 is connected with driven wheel 15, driving wheel 8 is sequentially connected through transmission belt 7 and driven wheel 15, and the other end of rotation axis 25 is rotatably connected to seed manure and fixes On frame 4；It is placed with several groups trench digging component 3 in rotation axis 25, trench digging component 3 is opened 24 302, kind of ditch and opened by spaced 23 301, fertile ditch compositions open 24 302, kind of ditch and open 23 301, fertile ditch spacing as 10cm, this spacing is to open 24, kind of ditch 302 center and the distance between the center for opening 23 301, fertile ditch, the width for opening 24 302, kind of ditch is 10cm, opens 23, fertile ditch 301 width is 5cm, is fixed with Seeding box 2 and fertilizing box 1, the bottom of Seeding box 2 on the seed manure fixed frame 4 at 3 rear of component of ditching Portion is placed with several sowing openings 16, is equipped with fertilizing mechanism 14 in fertilizing box 1 and applies water-retaining agent mechanism 18, and fertilizing mechanism 14 includes water The horizontal baffle 1401 being arranged in fertilizing box 1 is put down, is placed with several be vertically arranged in the fertilizing box 1 of 1401 downside of horizontal baffle Vertical clapboard 17, the bottom of fertilizing box 1 is provided with several discharge ports 13 corresponding with 17 position of vertical clapboard, discharge port 13 1 Side and 17 side of vertical clapboard, which are formed, applies water-retaining agent mouth 1301, and 17 other side of vertical clapboard and discharge port are formed between 13 other side Fertilization mouth 1302, horizontal baffle 1401,1 inner wall of fertilizing box and 17 side of vertical clapboard form the cavity for placing water-retaining agent, horizontal The fertilizer box lid 11 at 1 top of 1401 top of partition, 1 inner wall of fertilizing box and fertilizing box forms the fertilizer chamber for placing fertilizer, fertilizer box At least one feed inlet is provided on lid 11, be placed on horizontal baffle 1401 it is several be connected to fertilizer chamber fall fertile mouth 1402, water The routed underneath of flat partition board 1401 has several guide seats 1405 corresponding with fertile mouth 1402 is fallen, be provided on guide seat 1405 just with Fertilization mouth 1302 falls the material guide hole 1403 that fertile mouth 1402 is connected to, and the bottom side of guide seat 1405 contradicts on 1 inner wall of fertilizing box；? On left and right directions, the two sides of sowing opening 16 are flushed with the two sides for opening 24 302, kind of ditch；Apply position and the sowing of water-retaining agent mouth 1301 The position of mouth 16 is corresponding, applies region of the region in the lateral direction of water-retaining agent mouth 1301 in sowing opening 16 in the lateral direction Interior, the two sides of material guide hole 1403 are flushed with the two sides for opening 23 301, fertile ditch；It can turn on the seed manure fixed frame 4 in 25 front of rotation axis It is connected with support roller 6 dynamicly, the bottom side of support roller 6 is lower than the lowest side 5cm of 12 feed mechanism for seed of electric seed sowing mechanism, the bottom of support roller 6 Side is lower than the lowest side 3cm of fertilizing box 1；The lowest side for opening 24 302, kind of ditch opens kind of ditch 24 lower than the lowest side 8cm of support roller 6 The lower section of portion 302 opens that 23, fertile ditch 301 is V-shaped, opens 23 301, fertile ditch bottoms and is lower than and opens 24 302, kind of ditch bottom 4cm.

In order to further increase the controllability of sowing movement, the bottom of Seeding box 2 is placed with several and 16 quantity of sowing opening The seed inlet of identical electric seed sowing mechanism 12, feed mechanism for seed is corresponding with the position of sowing opening 16.

In order to further increase the controllability of fertilising movement, 1401 bottom side of horizontal baffle is also placed with several groups and falls Fei Kou 1402 corresponding jettron components, jettron component include be arranged in fall fertile 1402 two sides of mouth have accommodating chamber 1409 and The identical bearing seat 1 of structure and bearing seat 2 1406, guide seat 1405 are arranged in bearing seat 1 and bearing seat two 1406 bottom side, bearing seat 1 include support portion 1404a, and the side of support portion 1404a is equipped with flexible backgauge portion Accommodating chamber 1409 is formed between 1404b, support portion 1404a and the inside backgauge portion 1404b, the other end of support portion 1404a is provided with Link slot 1408 is provided with the venthole 1410 being connected to accommodating chamber 1409 on the corresponding support portion 1404a of link slot 1408, supports Portion 1404a is connected with check valve 1407 through link slot 1408, and the air inlet of check valve 1407 is connected to outside, check valve 1407 Gas outlet is connected to through venthole 1410 with accommodating chamber 1409；Backgauge portion 1404b on bearing seat 1 and bearing seat 2 1406 Face setting, when backgauge portion 1404b is softened, two backgauge portion 1404b coverings fall fertile mouth 1402；Backgauge portion 1404b has been in When full retracted mode, backgauge portion 1404b is outside the edge for falling fertile mouth 1402；In this design, when not needing fertilising, to accommodating chamber Inflation in 1409, the backgauge portion 1404b of 1302 two sides of fertilization mouth are stretched out to fertilization mouth 1302, and backgauge portion 1404b is by fertilization mouth 1302 cover, and fertilization mouth 1302 is closed, and fertilizer can not be fallen；When needing to apply fertilizer, stop inflating into accommodating chamber 1409, accommodate Air pressure in chamber 1409 reduces, and backgauge portion 1404b is retracted, and fertilizer is fallen；When needing to be closed fertilization mouth 1302 again, again to Inflation, backgauge portion 1404b are softened rapidly in accommodating chamber 1409, are sticked to the fertilizer moistened on backgauge portion 1404b or have been done Fertilizer be ejected under the tension of backgauge portion 1404b, further increase face setting two backgauge portion 1404b closing when Leakproofness.

It further include aerostatic press 20 to further speed up the retraction of backgauge portion 1404b, if the delivery outlet of aerostatic press 20 connects The air inlet of dry solenoid valve 1, the gas outlet of solenoid valve 1 connect in one group of jettron component two check valves 1407 The quantity of air inlet, solenoid valve 1 is identical as the quantity of fertilization mouth 1302, the air inlet of support portion 1404a connection solenoid valve 2 21 Mouthful, the air inlet of solenoid valve 2 21 is connected to accommodating chamber 1409, the air inlet of the gas outlet connection air accumulator 22 of solenoid valve 2 21.

In order to further increase the controllability for applying water-retaining agent, applying water-retaining agent mechanism 18 includes the drive being connected in outside fertilizing box 1 Motor 1 is moved, has been rotatably coupled transmission shaft 1804 on driving motor 1, one end of transmission shaft 1804 is connected to The other end of 1 side of fertilizing box, transmission shaft 1804 is connect with 1 other side of fertilizing box, and several swings are placed on transmission shaft 1804 Arm 1803, the quantity of swing arm 1803 is identical with the quantity of discharge port 13, and one end of swing arm 1803 is connect with transmission shaft 1804, The other end of swing arm 1803 is rotatably coupled one end of backgauge arm 1802, and the lower part of backgauge arm 1802 is fixed with backgauge frame 18081801, in the lateral direction, the position of each backgauge frame 18081801, backgauge arm 1802 and swing arm 1803 is applied with each The position of water-retaining agent mouth 1301 is corresponding, and the inside of fertilizer box is equipped with sealing block 1810, and the bottom side of sealing block 1810, which contradicts, is applying fertilizer The bottom side of 1 inner wall of case, the two sides of sealing block 1810 in the lateral direction are flushed with 1 inner wall of fertilizing box, backgauge frame 18081801 with The side that sealing block 1810 is oppositely arranged is equipped with sealing strip 1, and sealing block 1810 is equipped with sealing strip 2 1806, sealing strip One 1807 can contradict on sealing strip 2 1806；When sealing strip 1 contradicts on sealing strip 2 1806, backgauge frame 18081801, sealing block 1810, sealing strip 1 and sealing strip 2 1806, two adjacent vertical clapboards 17 are formed for putting Set the individual cavity 1809 of water-retaining agent；Overcentre of the center of sealing strip 2 1806 in sealing strip 1；Horizontal baffle Several openable seal caps are placed on 1401, seal cap is corresponding with the position of individual cavity 1809.

Further include the elevating mechanism 5 for the rear end of rack for being connected in rotary cultivator to realize the lifting of seed manure fixed frame 4, rises Descending mechanism 5 includes two preceding attachment bases 504 and rear attachment base 507, the hinged lift actuator 505 in the top of preceding attachment base 504 Fixing end, hinged upper 502 one end of motion bar on the preceding attachment base 504 below the fixing end of lift actuator 505, upper motion bar The top of 502 other ends and rear attachment base 507 is hinged, 503 one end of motion bar under the lower hinge of preceding attachment base 504, lower activity The other end of bar 503 and rear attachment base 507 are hinged, and the push-pull rod that can do linear reciprocating motion is connected on lift actuator 505 506, the extension end of push-pull rod 506 and upper motion bar 502 are hinged, and attachment base 507 links together through support frame 501 after two, The front side of attachment base 507 and seed manure fixed frame 4 is connected afterwards；Upper motion bar 502, rear attachment base 507, lower motion bar 503 and preceding company Joint chair 504 constitutes parallelogram sturcutre.

The method for carrying out ferti-seeding using planting and fertilizing machine, comprising the following steps:

(1) each solenoid valve 1 of control obtains electric, opens aerostatic press 20, and compressed gas is successively passed through solenoid valve one by aerostatic press 20 19, the intercommunicating pore of check valve 1407 and support portion 1404a are sent into accommodating chamber 1409, and the air pressure in accommodating chamber 1409 gradually increases Greatly, strut backgauge portion 1404b, when backgauge portion 1404b is strutted completely, backgauge portion 1404b covers fertilization mouth 1302, by seed Seed is put into through over-discharge kind mouth kind intracavitary, will have sticking slurry fertilizer using external pumping fertilizer pump and take out from storing up in fertile tank Out, and successively it is intracavitary fertilizer to be delivered to through fertilizer delivering pipe and feed inlet, is covered in the longitudinal direction to fertilizer and fertilizer depth reaches After the height needed, closes and take out fertilizer pump, fetch fertilizer delivering pipe；It controls driving motor 1 to act, makes 18081801 court of backgauge frame 1810 direction of sealing block swing, when sealing strip 1 is tightly pressed against on sealing strip 2 1806, close driving motor one 1805, each seal cap is opened, enough water-retaining agent is put into individual cavity 1809 by seal cap, closes seal cap；

(2) first seed manure fixed frame 4 is fallen using elevating mechanism 5, makes ground face contact of the support roller 6 just with field, support roller 6 It is first smooth to the field suppression after rotary tillage, driving motor 29 is opened, 24 302, kind of ditch is opened and opens fertile ditch 23 301 respectively to flat Field after whole carries out out kind of ditch 24 and opening fertile ditch 23, controls each electric seed sowing mechanism 12 and opens, and the seed in Seeding box 2 is from broadcasting Kind mouth 16 falls into the seed inlet of electric seed sowing mechanism 12, and electric seed sowing mechanism 12 falls into seed in kind of ditch 24；

(3) control solenoid valve 1 powers off, and compressed air is no longer passed through in the accommodating chamber 1409 of support portion 1404a, controls electromagnetism Valve 2 21 must be electric, and the compressed air in accommodating chamber 1409 quickly enters in air accumulator 22, and backgauge portion 1404b is retracted rapidly, fertilizer Fertile mouth 1402, material guide hole 1403 and fertilization mouth 1302 is successively fallen to drop down onto fertile ditch 23；

(4) driving motor 1 is opened, one 1805 counteragent of driving motor is controlled, swing arm 1803 drives backgauge frame 18081801 swing away from 1810 direction of sealing block, and sealing strip 1 leaves sealing strip 2 1806, water-retaining agent from It applies water-retaining agent mouth 1301 to fall on seed, when rotation axis 25 turns to the angle of setting, driving motor 1 is closed；

(5) rotary cultivator rotary tillage is complete behind the operation area of operation, and control driving motor 29, all solenoid valves 1 obtain electric and all Electric seed sowing mechanism 12 powers off, and control driving motor 1 acts, and makes backgauge frame 18081801 towards 1810 place side of sealing block To swing, when sealing strip 1 is tightly pressed against on sealing strip 2 1806, driving motor 1 is closed；Otherwise, return step (2) the sowing step in；

(6) farming personnel are to upper soil is covered at seeding and fertilizing, to the end of all seeding and fertilizing areas earthing, using planisher to sowing Fertilization area progress is smooth, then seeding and fertilizing terminates；

Wherein, step (2), step (3) are synchronous with step (4) carries out.

In the present embodiment, lift actuator 505 is preferably hydraulic cylinder；Rotary cultivator is equipped with control hydraulic cylinder movement Hydraulic system；In addition, the connection in gas circuit uses the piping connection of the prior art, in any figure of Fig. 1-Figure 12 or Figure 14 or figure It is not provided in 15 and is related to the connection structure diagram of pipeline, the structural schematic diagram of air circuit connection is given in Figure 13, so as to public affairs Main joint solution；Controller is provided in driver's cabin, controller is used to control solenoid valve 1, solenoid valve 2 21, aerostatic press 20 and electricity The switch of dynamic feed mechanism for seed 12, the movement through pneumatic system control linear actuator, and pass through HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM hydraulic cylinder Movement.

Wherein, when being declined seed manure fixed frame 4 using elevating mechanism 5, specific movement is that control hydraulic cylinder movement makes Push-pull rod 506 stretches out, and push-pull rod 506 pushes upper motion bar 502 to rotate down, and attachment base 507 is under after upper motion bar 502 drives Motion bar 503 rotates down, and rear attachment base 507 drives seed manure fixed frame 4 to rotate down, when support roller 6 when being contacted with ground, liquid Compressing cylinder stopping movement；After seeding and fertilizing, hydraulic cylinder counteragent is controlled, support roller 6 is made to lift off ground.

Compared with prior art, the present invention is had following technical effect that in the present invention and is synchronously completed using seed manure ditching knife It opens kind of ditch 24 and opens the movement of fertile ditch 23, fertile ditch 23 is close to kind of ditch 24, and it is in after fertile ditch 23 is interior that fertilizer, which is fallen into, and fertilizer is through overfertilization ditch 23 It penetrates into the soil of 24 lower section of kind of ditch, in the nutrient percolation to seed of fertilizer, is conducive to the growth of seed；That sows and apply fertilizer is dynamic Make controllable, wherein when not needing fertilising, inflated into accommodating chamber 1409, the backgauge portion 1404b of 1302 two sides of fertilization mouth is to applying Fertile mouth 1302 stretches out, and backgauge portion 1404b covers fertilization mouth 1302, and fertilization mouth 1302 is closed, and fertilizer can not be fallen；It needs to apply When fertile, stop inflating into accommodating chamber 1409, the air pressure in accommodating chamber 1409 reduces, and backgauge portion 1404b is retracted, and fertilizer is fallen； It when needing to be closed fertilization mouth 1302 again, is inflated again into accommodating chamber 1409, backgauge portion 1404b is softened rapidly, is sticked to The fertilizer moistened on backgauge portion 1404b or the fertilizer done are ejected under the tension of backgauge portion 1404b, are further increased Leakproofness when two backgauge portion 1404b closing of face setting, when not operation, fertilizer will not be to whereabouts；It does not need to apply water conservation When agent, the direction of action of driving motor 1 is controlled, rotation axis 25 rotates, and the rotation of rotation axis 25 drives swing arm 1803 It swings, the swing of swing arm 1803 drives the swing of backgauge arm 1802, and the swing of backgauge arm 1802 drives backgauge frame 18081801 Swing, when sealing strip 1 is pressed on sealing strip 2 1806, the bottom of individual cavity 1809 is closed state, water conservation Agent is not fallen out；When needing to apply water-retaining agent, one 1805 counteragent of driving motor, sealing strip 2 1806 is in sealing strip one 1807 top and at the rear of sealing strip 1, has just started sealing strip 1 and has been pressed on sealing strip 2 1806, sealed Item 1 breaks away after sealing strip 2 1806, anti-work of the water-retaining agent above sealing strip 2 1806 in sealing strip 2 1806 Firmly effect has a down dip falls diagonally forward, guarantees that water-retaining agent can be fallen on seed；It sows, apply water-retaining agent and the same stepping of fertilising movement Row, it is high-efficient, sow, apply water-retaining agent and fertilising work carry out with pasting substantially, seed and fertilizer accurately fall into kind of ditch 24 respectively In fertile ditch 23, guarantee the depth of sowing and fertilising；It applies water-retaining agent and the setting of fertilizing mechanism 14 is integrated, structure is more compact, Operate simpler, labor intensity is small, high-efficient；By the design of seeding and fertilizing method, water-retaining agent fertilising work is applied in sowing to be had Sequence carries out, and fertilizer is not applied on seed directly, and the nutrient of fertilizer gradually penetrates into the soil of 24 lower section of kind of ditch, gives seed growth While nutrient is provided, be conducive to the growth of seed；Water-retaining agent is applied on seed, sealing strip is set according to the application rate of setting The gap size formed between one 1807 and sealing strip 2 1806 provides growth institute to seed to control the sowing amount of water-retaining agent The moisture needed is conducive to the growth of seed；In seeding and fertilizing work when can be applied to the crop planting of stemness soil.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, on the basis of technical solution disclosed by the invention, the skill of this field For art personnel according to disclosed technology contents, one can be made to some of which technical characteristic by not needing creative labor A little replacements and deformation, these replacements and deformation are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of planting and fertilizing machine, which is characterized in that including liftable seed manure fixed frame, the front of the seed manure fixed frame can It is rotationally connected with rotation axis, several groups trench digging component is placed in the rotation axis, the trench digging component is by spaced It opens kind of ditch portion and opens fertile ditch portion composition, opening kind of ditch portion and opening the spacing of fertile ditch portion is 8-12cm, and the seed manure at trench digging component rear is solid Determine to be fixed with Seeding box and fertilizing box on frame, the bottom of the Seeding box is placed with several sowing openings, and the fertilizing box is connected in The rear side of Seeding box, the fertilizing box is interior to be equipped with fertilizing mechanism and applies water-retaining agent mechanism, and fertilizing mechanism includes being horizontally set on to apply Horizontal baffle in fertilizer box is placed with several vertical clapboards being vertically arranged in the fertilizing box on the downside of horizontal baffle, fertilizing box Bottom is provided with several discharge ports corresponding with vertical clapboard position, and the discharge port side and vertical clapboard side, which are formed, applies guarantor Aqua mouth, forms fertilization mouth between the vertical clapboard other side and the discharge port other side, horizontal baffle, fertilising chamber interior wall and vertically every Plate side forms the cavity for placing water-retaining agent, and the fertilizer box lid at the top of horizontal baffle top, fertilising chamber interior wall and fertilizing box, which is formed, to be used In the fertilizer chamber for placing fertilizer, fertilizer box, which covers, is provided at least one feed inlet, and several and fertilizer chamber is placed on horizontal baffle and is connected Logical falls Fei Kou, and the routed underneath of horizontal baffle has several guide seats corresponding with fertile mouth is fallen, be provided on guide seat just with apply Fei Kou, the material guide hole for falling fertile mouth connection, the bottom side of guide seat contradict on fertilising chamber interior wall；In the lateral direction, sowing opening Two sides are flushed with the two sides for opening kind of ditch portion；The position for applying water-retaining agent mouth is corresponding with the position of sowing opening, apply water-retaining agent mouth on a left side In sowing opening region in the lateral direction, fertile ditch portion is being opened in the region of material guide hole in the lateral direction for region in right direction In region in left and right directions.

2. a kind of planting and fertilizing machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the bottom of the Seeding box is placed with several Electric seed sowing mechanism identical with sowing opening quantity, the seed inlet of feed mechanism for seed and the position of sowing opening are corresponding.

3. a kind of planting and fertilizing machine according to claim 2, which is characterized in that if the horizontal baffle bottom side is also placed with A dry group jettron component corresponding with fertile mouth is fallen, the jettron component include be arranged in fall the two sides Fei Kou there is receiving The chamber and bottom side of bearing seat one and bearing seat two is arranged in the identical bearing seat one of structure and bearing seat two, the guide seat, gear Expect that seat one includes support portion, the side of support portion is equipped with flexible backgauge portion, is formed between support portion and backgauge portion inside The accommodating chamber, the other end of support portion are provided with link slot, be provided on the corresponding support portion of link slot be connected to accommodating chamber it is logical Stomata, support portion are connected with check valve through link slot, and the air inlet of the check valve is connected to outside, the gas outlet warp of check valve Venthole is connected to accommodating chamber；Backgauge portion face setting on the bearing seat one and bearing seat two, when backgauge portion is softened, two A backgauge portion covering falls Fei Kou；When backgauge portion is in fully retracted state, backgauge portion is outside the edge for falling fertile mouth.

4. a kind of planting and fertilizing machine according to claim 3, which is characterized in that it further include aerostatic press, the aerostatic press Delivery outlet connects the air inlet of several solenoid valves one, and the gas outlet of the solenoid valve one connects in one group of jettron component two The air inlet of check valve, the quantity of solenoid valve one and the quantity of fertilization mouth are identical, and support portion connects the air inlet of solenoid valve two, institute The air inlet for stating solenoid valve two is connected to accommodating chamber, the air inlet of the gas outlet connection air accumulator of solenoid valve two.

5. a kind of planting and fertilizing machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the water-retaining agent mechanism that applies includes being connected in Driving motor one outside fertilizing box, transmission shaft has been rotatably coupled on the driving motor one, and one end of the transmission shaft connects It connects in fertilizing box side, the other end of transmission shaft is connect with the fertilizing box other side, and several swing arms are placed on transmission shaft, described The quantity of swing arm and the quantity of discharge port are identical, and one end of swing arm and transmission axis connection, the other end of swing arm can be rotated Ground connects one end of backgauge arm, and the lower part of the backgauge arm is fixed with backgauge frame, in the lateral direction, each backgauge frame, backgauge The position of arm and swing arm is corresponding with each position for applying water-retaining agent mouth, and the inside of the fertilizer box is equipped with sealing block, described close The bottom side for sealing block is contradicted in the bottom side of fertilising chamber interior wall, and the two sides of sealing block in the lateral direction are flushed with fertilising chamber interior wall, institute It states the side that backgauge frame and sealing block are oppositely arranged and is equipped with sealing strip one, sealing block is equipped with sealing strip two, and sealing strip one can support Touching is on sealing strip two；When sealing strip one contradicts on sealing strip two, backgauge frame, sealing block, sealing strip one and sealing strip two, Two adjacent vertical clapboards form the individual cavity for placing water-retaining agent；The center of the sealing strip two is in sealing strip one Overcentre；Several openable seal caps are placed on the horizontal baffle, seal cap is corresponding with the position of individual cavity.

6. according to a kind of described in any item planting and fertilizing machines of claim 2~5, which is characterized in that in front of the rotation axis Support roller is rotatably coupled on seed manure fixed frame, the bottom side of the support roller is lower than the lowest side of electric seed sowing mechanism feed mechanism for seed 1-5cm, the bottom side of the support roller are lower than the lowest side 1-5cm of fertilizing box.

7. a kind of planting and fertilizing machine according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the lowest side for opening kind of ditch portion is lower than branch The lowest side 2-8cm of roller is supportted, opening opening below kind of ditch portion, fertile ditch portion is V-shaped, and the bottom for opening fertile ditch portion is lower than the bottom for opening kind of ditch portion Portion 2-8cm.

8. described in any item a kind of planting and fertilizing machines according to claim 1~5, which is characterized in that further include being connected in rotary tillage The elevating mechanism of the rear end of rack of machine, the elevating mechanism include two preceding attachment bases and rear attachment base, the preceding attachment base The fixing end of the hinged lift actuator in top, hinged upper motion bar one on the preceding attachment base below the fixing end of lift actuator End, the top of the upper motion bar other end and rear attachment base is hinged, and motion bar one end, described under the lower hinge of preceding attachment base The other end and rear attachment base of lower motion bar are hinged, and the push-pull rod that can do linear reciprocating motion, institute are connected on lift actuator Extension end and the upper motion bar for stating push-pull rod are hinged, and attachment base links together through support frame after two, rear attachment base and seed manure The front side of fixed frame is connected；The upper motion bar, rear attachment base, lower motion bar and preceding attachment base constitute parallelogram sturcutre.

9. described in any item a kind of planting and fertilizing machines according to claim 1~5, which is characterized in that the seed manure fixed frame Top side is connected with driving motor two, and driving wheel is connected on the output shaft of the driving motor two, and one end of the rotation axis connects It is connected to driven wheel, the driving wheel is sequentially connected through transmission belt and driven wheel.

10. the method for carrying out ferti-seeding using the planting and fertilizing machine, which comprises the following steps:

(1) control each solenoid valve one it is electric, open aerostatic press, compressed gas is successively passed through solenoid valve one, unidirectional by aerostatic press The intercommunicating pore of valve and support portion is sent into accommodating chamber, and the air pressure in accommodating chamber is gradually increased, and struts backgauge portion, and backgauge portion is complete When strutting, backgauge portion covers fertilization mouth, seed is put into through over-discharge kind mouth by seed kind intracavitary, and using external pumping fertilizer to pump will Have sticking slurry fertilizer and extract out from storing up in fertile tank, and it is intracavitary successively through fertilizer delivering pipe and feed inlet to be delivered to fertilizer, to fertilizer It is covered in the longitudinal direction and after fertilizer depth reaches the height of needs, closes and take out fertilizer pump, fetch fertilizer delivering pipe；Control driving motor One movement, swings backgauge frame towards sealing block direction, when sealing strip one is tightly pressed against on sealing strip two, closes driving electricity Machine one opens each seal cap, is put into enough water-retaining agent in individual cavity by seal cap, closes seal cap；

(2) first seed manure fixed frame is fallen using elevating mechanism, makes ground face contact of the support roller just with field, support roller is first right Field suppression after rotary tillage is smooth, opens driving motor two, opens kind of ditch portion and opens fertile ditch portion and carries out respectively to the field after smooth It opens kind of ditch and opens fertile ditch, control each electric seed sowing mechanism and open, the seed in Seeding box falls into electric seed sowing mechanism from sowing opening Seed inlet, electric seed sowing mechanism fall into seed in kind of ditch；

(3) control solenoid valve one powers off, and compressed air is no longer passed through in the accommodating chamber of support portion, and control solenoid valve two obtains electric, appearance Intracavitary compressed air of receiving quickly enters in air accumulator, and backgauge portion retracts rapidly, and fertilizer is successively fallen Fei Kou, material guide hole and fertilising Mouth drops down onto fertile ditch；

(4) driving motor one is opened, one counteragent of driving motor is controlled, swing arm drives backgauge frame away from sealing block institute It is swung in direction, sealing strip one leaves sealing strip two, and water-retaining agent is fallen on seed from water-retaining agent mouth is applied, and is set when rotation axis turns to When fixed angle, driving motor one is closed；

(5) rotary cultivator rotary tillage is complete behind the operation area of operation, and control driving motor two, all solenoid valves one obtain electric and all electronic Feed mechanism for seed power-off, control driving motor one act, and swing backgauge frame towards sealing block direction, sealing strip one is tightly pressed against When on sealing strip two, driving motor one is closed；Otherwise, the sowing step in return step (2)；

(6) farming personnel are to upper soil is covered at seeding and fertilizing, to the end of all seeding and fertilizing areas earthing, using planisher to sowing Fertilization area progress is smooth, then seeding and fertilizing terminates；

Wherein, step (2), step (3) are synchronous with step (4) carries out.