CN108929983A - 低碳低硼高铬合金钢及其制备方法 - Google Patents
低碳低硼高铬合金钢及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108929983A CN108929983A CN201710369839.6A CN201710369839A CN108929983A CN 108929983 A CN108929983 A CN 108929983A CN 201710369839 A CN201710369839 A CN 201710369839A CN 108929983 A CN108929983 A CN 108929983A
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- low
- carbon
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- alloy
- boron
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001257 Nb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 aluminium manganese iron Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 3
- VDZMENNHPJNJPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#B VDZMENNHPJNJPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDVYABSQRRRIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;iron Chemical compound [Fe]#B ZDVYABSQRRRIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010038629 Molybdoferredoxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBELESVMOSDEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Mo] Chemical compound [Fe].[Mo] HBELESVMOSDEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZYYYKTZOWEGLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn].[Ce] Chemical compound [Sn].[Ce] NZYYYKTZOWEGLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/007—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Co
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种低碳低硼高铬合金钢及其制备方法,涉及合金钢技术领域,本发明的低碳低硼高铬合金钢重量百分计配比如下:碳0.05‑0.30%,硅1‑3.0%,锰0.8‑1.3%,磷<0.04%,硫<0.04%,铬8‑13%,镍0.5‑2.5%,钼0.1‑0.8%,硼0.03‑0.25%,铝0.1‑0.3%,锡0.05‑0.2%,钒0.3‑1.0%,钨0.1‑1.5%,铜0.05‑0.3%,钽0.005‑0.015%,钴0.05‑0.15%,铌0.05‑0.25%,铈0.8‑2.0%,钛0‑0.08%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质;本发明的合金钢既能够保证高韧性和抗冲击性能,又能够提高耐磨性和硬度,工艺易于控制的特点,适合于民用使用和推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及合金钢技术领域,更具体地说涉及一种适用于民用和推广的低碳低硼高铬合金钢及其制备方法。
背景技术
合金钢是在普通碳素钢基础上添加适量的一种或多种合金元素而构成的铁碳合金。
根据添加元素的不同,并采取适当的加工工艺,可获得高强度、高韧性、耐磨、耐腐蚀、耐低温、耐高温、无磁性等特殊性能。根据钢中合金元素含量的多少,又可分为低合金钢,中合金钢和高合金钢。合金钢的主要合金元素有硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、钨、钒、钛、铌、锆、钴、铝、铜、硼、稀土等。
其中钒、钛、铌、锆等在钢中是强碳化物形成元素,只要有足够的碳,在适当条件下,就能形成各自的碳化物,当缺碳或在高温条件下,则以原子状态进入固溶体中;锰、铬、钨、钼为碳化物形成元素,其中一部分以原子状态进入固溶体中,另一部分形成置换式合金渗碳体;铝、铜、镍、钴、硅等是不形成碳化物元素,一般以原子状态存在于固溶体中。
公开号为CN 1335417,公开日为2002年02月13日的中国专利文献公开了一种高温耐磨合金钢,其特征在于:采用下述组分和重量百分含量的原料通过熔炼和其它工艺流程生产制得的:77.5-79%的废钢,18.3-207%的高碳铬铁,0.67-1.0%的钼铁,0.33-0.5%的钒铁,适量的硅、锰脱氧剂,0.05-0.1%的钛铁,0.02-0.05%的锆,0.6-1.2%的铝和0.12-0.5%的稀土元素,这样制得的合金钢含碳1.45-1.70%,含铬11.0-12.5%,含钼0.4-0.6%,含钒0.15-0.30%,含钛0.02-0.05%,含锆0.02-0.05%,含铝0.6-1.2%,含稀土元素0.05-0.15%。该专利文献公开的高温耐磨合金钢,其采用增大碳和高合金元素的配比,虽然提高了一定的耐磨性能,但是,大大增加了合金成本。
公开号为CN 102978533A,公开日为2013年03月20日的中国专利文献公开了一种高强度高韧性合金钢,其化学成分组成如下:碳:0.14-0.19wt%、硅:0.20-0.33wt%、硼:0.02-0.05wt%、锰:0.85%-1.30wt%、磷:≤0.02wt%、硫:0.015-0.02wt%、铬:0.08-0.1wt%、钒:0.6-0.2wt%、镍:0.30-0.50wt%、铜:0.2-0.3wt%、钼:0.02-0.08wt%、钛:≤0.2wt%、铌:≤0.06wt%,余量为铁。该专利文献公开的高强度高韧性合金钢,其采用低碳多合金系配比,冶炼成本大,控制难度大,工艺要求高,成本高,属专用使用钢种,民用推广难。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术中存在的缺陷和不足,本发明提供了一种低碳低硼高铬合金钢及其制备方法,本发明的发明目的旨在于降低现有技术中合金钢成本,提高合金钢的性能,提高民用推广性。本发明的低碳低硼高铬合金钢铸钢件的硬度能够达到HRC48-60,铸件抗冲击功8-15焦耳。本发明的合金钢既能够保证高韧性和抗冲击性能,又能够提高耐磨性和硬度,工艺易于控制的特点,适合于民用使用和推广。
为了解决上述现有技术中存在的问题,本发明是通过下述技术方案实现的:
低碳低硼高铬合金钢,其特征在于:由以下按重量百分比计的原料组成:
碳 0.05-0.30%;
硅 1-3.0%;
锰 0.8-1.3%;
磷 <0.04%
硫 <0.04%;
铬 8-13%;
镍 0.5-2.5%;
钼 0.1-0.8%;
硼 0.03-0.25%;
铝 0.1-0.3%;
锡 0.05-0.2%;
钒 0.3-1.0%;
钨 0.1-1.5%;
铜 0.05-0.3%;
钽 0.005-0.015%;
钴 0.05-0.15%;
铌 0.05-0.25%;
铈 0.8-2.0%
钛 0-0.08%;
其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
所述合金钢的硬度为HRC48-60。
所述合金钢的抗冲击功为8-15焦耳。
所述铈的含量为1.5%,锡的含量为0.08%。
所述碳的含量为0.1%,铬的含量为10%,硼的含量为0.1%。
低碳低硼高铬合金钢制备方法,其特征在于,依次由以下工艺步骤组成:a、确定工艺目标值,重量百分计配比如下:
碳0.05-0.30%,硅1-3.0%,锰0.8-1.3%,磷<0.04%,硫<0.04%,铬8-13%,镍0.5-2.5%,钼0.1-0.8%,硼0.03-0.25%,铝0.1-0.3%,锡0.05-0.2%,钒0.3-1.0%,钨0.1-1.5%,铜0.05-0.3%,钽0.005-0.015%,钴0.05-0.15%,铌0.05-0.25%,铈0.8-2.0%,钛0-0.08%;余量为铁;
b、配料:选取废铁、废钢、铈稀土和含有硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的合金;
c、熔炼:先将b步骤中的配料放入炉底垫有热石灰的中频炉内,再向中频炉通低电流,中频炉内配料预热后全负荷送电,直至中频炉内配料熔化;
d、取样调整:将c步骤中熔化后的配料取样,根据药水或光谱仪分析测出硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的重量千分计含量,并根据a步骤中的工艺目标值对比分析,加入废钢、石墨和含有铬、镍、钼、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的合金直至熔化继续加料;熔化铁水达熔炉一半时加铬铁合金;铬铁合金熔化除渣后,加入铝、硼、钛合金熔化(建议修改为加入铝、硼、钛合金熔化);熔化后加硅、锰合金;调整硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴、铌的含量配比接近工艺目标值,加入石墨调碳的含量配比接近工艺目标值;在出中频炉前5分钟加铈稀土和锡合金使铈稀土和锡的百分计含量达到工艺目标值;
e、浇注成型:经d 步骤达到工艺目标值后的熔料在温度为1650摄氏度时加入脱氧剂,然后出中频炉;
f、热处理:将e步骤浇注成型后的合金钢进行扩散球化,淬火,回火即得成品。
所述e步骤中的脱氧剂是铝锰铁、钢芯铝或碳化硅。
所述f步骤中的扩散球化是指将e步骤浇注成型后的合金钢加热至1200摄氏度,并保温2小时,然后将温度降到750摄氏度时,保温1.5小时,最后随中频炉冷却;淬火是指将分布于基体上的碳化物经扩散球化后而得到的合金钢加热到1100摄氏度时,随即将其浸入水中冷却;回火是指将淬火后的合金钢重新加热到550摄氏度,并保温2.5小时,最后随中频炉冷却。
所谓的低碳是指碳含量低于0.05-0.30%,所谓的高铬是指铬含量在8%-13%之间,所谓的低硼是指硼含量在0.03-0.25%之间。
与现有技术相比,本发明所带来的有益的技术效果表现在:
1、本发明采用低碳,碳溶于铁形成固溶体,随着碳的含量的变化合金钢的硬度也会发生变化,碳含量越高,硬度越高,本发明中将碳含量特定的控制在0.05-0.30%,其含碳量比较低,机体是铁素体,韧性好,但是硬度较低,硼是提高合金钢的均匀性;锰也能强化铁素体,锰溶于渗碳体中,获得合金渗碳体,同时又能使珠光体变细,能够有效脱硫、磷有害元素,铬能生成碳化物、,提高钢的硬度,起到强化弥散作用;钼能够细化晶粒,防止回火脆性。硅的含量特定的控制在1-3.0%、锰的含量特定地控制在0.8-1.3%,能够增加淬硬层深度,保障合金钢的耐磨性,而且能够有效规避钢的回火脆性;钼的含量特定的控制在0.1-0.8%,能够进一步消除回火脆性,在保证合金钢延展性的同时能形成稳定的、弥散分布的碳化物相,进一步保障合金钢的强度;采用高铬,特定的将铬的含量控制在8-13%,能够提高硬度。
2、采用低硼,特定的将硼含量控制在0.03-0.25%,硼溶于奥氏体时,溶解度低于0.03%;游离出来的硼元素与铁发生化学反应,生产硼化铁,能够保障耐磨性,且溶于奥氏体的硼元素能够阻止铁素体自身生核,使铁素体围绕硼元素生核,使淬透性提高,且均匀性好,超出溶解度的部分与铁生成硼化铁提高硬度。
特定的将镍的含量控制在0.5-2.5%,镍钉扎在机体中,既能阻碍硬质化合物往晶界偏析,又能使产生晶格变形的机体难以恢复,提高其冲击韧性;随着Ni元素的增加,在不大于2.5的情况下,其韧性是逐渐增加的,加大阻止硬质合金往晶界偏析的力度,能更有效地阻止硬质合金往晶界偏析。
Nb元素的增加,能进一步生成铌硼相,铌硼相能有效阻止硬质合金发生晶界偏析现象,又能细化晶粒;使Ms点(奥氏体与马氏体的临界点,临界点提高,获得的奥氏体增多)提高,减少马氏体量,通过缓慢冷却,使得奥氏体相增加;合金钢通过热处理能获得更细化的奥氏体颗粒。
3、本发明特定的采用了铈稀土,铈稀土能够细化晶粒,净化熔体,消除柱状晶,提高致密性;将铈的含量特定的控制在0.8-2.0%,铈与锡生成铈锡化合物,而没有发生化学反应的铈元素,则往晶界偏移,并且镶嵌在晶界的界面上,防止阻碍锡原子发生偏析现象,让游离的锡原子镶嵌在铁原子之间,由于锡原子的原子半径比铁原子的原子半径大,使铁素体发生晶格变形,从而使机体硬度、强度发生变化;特定的将镍的含量控制在0.5-2.5%,镍钉扎在机体中,既能阻碍硬质化合物往晶界偏析,又能使产生晶格变形的机体恢复难度增大,提高其冲击韧性。
4、钛是钢中强脱氧剂,它能使钢的内部组织致密,细化晶粒;降低时效敏感性和冷萃性。改善焊接性能。钛是化学性质非常活泼的金属,与钢中的氧、硫、碳、氮都容易形成化合物。钛在固态时有结构转变,这种同素异构转变决定了钛作为微合金化元素的加入。钛含量约在0.02%时,具有较佳的抑制奥氏体晶粒粗化的效果,但并不产生明显的强化作用。钛与硫的亲和力大于锰和硫的亲和力,而且TiS比MnS更稳定,所以钛的去硫效果非常显著。但是TiS的生成自由能与TiN、TiC差不多,所以碳氮含量高时,会影响钛的脱硫作用。钛在钢中形成非常稳定、弥散、高溶点、高硬度的碳化物,另外钛还可以消除不锈钢的晶间腐蚀倾向。但如果形成较多的铁素体和TiN夹杂物,这种夹杂物会影响钢的抗蚀性。钛在钢中优先与氧化学合成,加稀土状况下生成极细化合物,铁素体可围绕其生核。钛能定氮固马氏体作用,阻止硼元素与氧发生化学反应。钛的化合物能阻止晶粒长大,由固态下高温析出的、弥散分布的TiN,对阻止奥氏体晶粒的长大最有有效,含钛非调质加热至1250℃,仍具有较细的奥氏体晶粒。
5、本发明的低碳低硼高铬合金钢由以下按重量百分比计的原料组成:“碳0.05-0.30%、硅1-3.0%、锰0.8-1.3%、磷<0.04%、硫<0.04%、铬、8-13%、镍0.5-2.5%、钼0.1-0.8%、硼0.03-0.25%、铝 0.1-0.3%、锡0.05-0.2%、钒0.3-1.0%、钨0.1-1.5%、铜0.05-0.3%、钽0.005-0.015%、钴0.05-0.15%、铌0.05-0.25%、钛0-0.08%、铈0.8-2.0%,其余为铁和不可避免的杂质”在本发明中所述的不可避免的杂质是在生产过程中不可避免而产生的杂质,这种特定的配比,制备得到的合金钢,既能够保证高韧性和抗冲击性能,又能够提高耐磨性和硬度,工艺易于控制的特点,适合于民用使用和推广。
6、本发明,依次通过a、确定工艺目标值,b、配料,c、熔炼,d、取样调整,e、浇注成型,f、热处理;既能够保证一定的耐磨性和硬度,又能够大大的提高其韧性,抗冲击性能好,铸件抗冲击功8-15焦耳,能够轻易击碎鹅卵石,具有冶炼成本小,工艺易于控制的特点,适合于民用使用和推广。
7、本发明,e步骤中的脱氧剂是铝锰铁、钢芯或碳化硅,任意选取这样的脱氧剂能够与铁水中溶解的氧反应,主要生成非金属化合物,形成沉淀上浮至渣层中,加以除去即可得纯净的铁水,从而能够保证合金钢的基本强度。
8、f步骤中的扩散球化是指将e步骤浇注成型后的合金钢加热至1200摄氏度,并保温2小时,然后将温度降到750摄氏度时,保温1.5小时,最后随中频炉冷却;采用这样特定的温度加热既能保证片状珠光体消失,又能保留一部分未完全溶于奥氏体的碳化物,作为球化核心,最终形成较粗大的颗粒状碳化物的正常球化组织,使化学成分均匀,提高合金钢的强度。
9、本发明f步骤中淬火是指将分布于基体上的碳化物经扩散球化后而得到的合金钢加热到1100摄氏度时,随即将其浸入水中冷却;经淬火后的合金钢能够使过冷奥氏体进行马氏体或贝氏体转变,得到马氏体或贝氏体组织。
10、本发明f步骤中回火是指将淬火后的合金钢重新加热到550摄氏度,并保温2.5小时,最后随中频炉冷却,经回火后的合金钢,能够消除淬火应力,并使残余奥氏体转变为贝氏体而提高硬度,进而保障合金钢的耐磨性、硬度和韧性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的机械性能实验报告;
图2为本发明低碳低硼高铬合金钢在金相显微镜下放大50倍的金相照片;
图3为本发明低碳低硼高铬合金钢在金相显微镜下放大100倍的金相照片;
图4为本发明低碳低硼高铬合金钢在金相显微镜下放大200倍的金相照片;
图5为本发明低碳低硼高铬合金钢在金相显微镜下放大500倍的金相照片。
具体实施方式
实施例1
作为本发明一较佳实施例,参照说明书附图,本实施例公开了:
低碳低硼高铬合金钢,由以下按重量百分比计的原料组成:
碳 0.05%;
硅 1%;
锰 0.8%;
磷 0.01%
硫 0.02%;
铬 8%;
镍 0.5%;
钼 0.1%;
硼 0.03%;
铝 0.1%;
锡 0.05%;
钒 0.3%;
钨 0.1%;
铜 0.05%;
钽 0.005%;
钴 0.05%;
铌 0.05%;
铈 0.8%;
其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
实施例2
作为本发明又一较佳实施例,参照说明书附图,本实施例公开了:
低碳低硼高铬合金钢,其特征在于:由以下按重量百分比计的原料组成:
碳 0.1%;
硅 2%;
锰 1%;
磷 0.02%
硫 0.02%;
铬 10%;
镍 1%;
钼 0.3%;
硼 0.15%;
铝 0.2%;
锡 0.12%;
钒 0.5%;
钨 0.5%;
铜 0.15%;
钽 0.01%;
钴 0.1%;
铌 0.15%;
铈 1%
钛 0.05%;
其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
实施例3
作为本发明又一较佳实施例,参照说明书附图,本实施例公开了:
低碳低硼高铬合金钢,其特征在于:由以下按重量百分比计的原料组成:
碳 0.30%;
硅 3.0%;
锰 1.3%;
磷 0.03%
硫 0.01%;
铬 13%;
镍 2.5%;
钼 0.8%;
硼 0.25%;
铝 0.3%;
锡 0.2%;
钒 1.0%;
钨 1.5%;
铜 0.3%;
钽 0.015%;
钴 0.15%;
铌 0.25%;
铈 2%
钛 0.08%;
其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
实施例4
作为本发明又一较佳实施例,参照说明书附图,本实施例公开了:
低碳低硼高铬合金钢,其特征在于:由以下按重量百分比计的原料组成:
碳 0.1%;
硅 3.0%;
锰 1.3%;
磷 0.03%
硫 0.01%;
铬 10%;
镍 2.0%;
钼 0.5%;
硼 0.1%;
铝 0.3%;
锡 0.08%;
钒 1.0%;
钨 1%;
铜 0.3%;
钽 0.015%;
钴 0.15%;
铌 0.25%;
铈 1.5%
钛 0.08%;
其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
实施例5
作为本发明又一较佳实施例,参照说明书附图,本实施例公开了:
低碳低硼高铬合金钢制备方法,依次由以下工艺步骤组成:a、确定工艺目标值,重量百分计配比如下:
碳0.05%,硅1%,锰0.8%,磷0.01%,硫0.01%,铬8%,镍0.5%,钼0.1%,硼0.03%,铝0.1%,锡0.05%,钒0.3%,钨0.1%,铜0.05%,钽0.005%,钴0.05%,铌0.05%,铈0.8%,钛0.01%;余量为铁;
b、配料:选取废铁、废钢、铈稀土和含有硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的合金;
c、熔炼:先将b步骤中的配料放入炉底垫有热石灰的中频炉内,再向中频炉通低电流,中频炉内配料预热后全负荷送电,直至中频炉内配料熔化;
d、取样调整:将c步骤中熔化后的配料取样,根据药水或光谱仪分析测出硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的重量千分计含量,并根据a步骤中的工艺目标值对比分析,加入废钢、石墨和含有铬、镍、钼、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的合金直至熔化继续加料;熔化铁水达熔炉一半时加铬铁合金;铬铁合金熔化除渣后,加入铝、硼、钛合金熔化;熔化后加硅、锰合金;调整硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌含量配比接近工艺目标值,加入石墨调碳的含量配比接近工艺目标值;在出中频炉前5分钟加铈稀土和锡合金使铈稀土和锡的百分计含量达到工艺目标值;
e、浇注成型:经d 步骤达到工艺目标值后的熔料在温度为1650摄氏度时加入脱氧剂,然后出中频炉;所述e步骤中的脱氧剂是碳化硅;
f、热处理:将e步骤浇注成型后的合金钢进行扩散球化,淬火,回火即得成品。
实施例6
作为本发明又一较佳实施例,参照说明书附图,本实施例公开了:
低碳低硼高铬合金钢制备方法,依次由以下工艺步骤组成:a、确定工艺目标值,重量百分计配比如下:
碳0.2%,硅2%,锰1.1%,磷0.02%,硫0.02%,铬10%,镍1.1%,钼0.3%,硼0.09%,铝0.15%,锡0.06%,钒0.56%,钨0.88%,铜0.12%,钽0.009%,钴0.11%,铌0.18%,铈1%,钛0.01%,余量为铁;
b、配料:选取废铁、废钢、铈稀土和含有硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的合金;
c、熔炼:先将b步骤中的配料放入炉底垫有热石灰的中频炉内,再向中频炉通低电流,中频炉内配料预热后全负荷送电,直至中频炉内配料熔化;
d、取样调整:将c步骤中熔化后的配料取样,根据药水或光谱仪分析测出硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的重量千分计含量,并根据a步骤中的工艺目标值对比分析,加入废钢、石墨和含有铬、镍、钼、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的合金直至熔化继续加料;熔化铁水达熔炉一半时加铬铁合金;铬铁合金熔化除渣后,加入铝、硼、钛合金熔化;熔化后加硅、锰合金;调整硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌含量配比接近工艺目标值,加入石墨调碳的含量配比接近工艺目标值;在出中频炉前5分钟加铈稀土和锡合金使铈稀土和锡的百分计含量达到工艺目标值;
e、浇注成型:经d 步骤达到工艺目标值后的熔料在温度为1650摄氏度时加入脱氧剂,然后出中频炉;所述e步骤中的脱氧剂是钢芯铝;
f、热处理:将e步骤浇注成型后的合金钢进行扩散球化,淬火,回火即得成品。
实施例7
作为本发明又一较佳实施例,参照说明书附图,本实施例公开了:
低碳低硼高铬合金钢制备方法,依次由以下工艺步骤组成:a、确定工艺目标值,重量百分计配比如下:
碳0.3%,硅3%,锰1.3%,磷0.03%,硫0.005%,铬13%,镍2.5%,钼0.8%,硼0.25%,铝0.3%,锡0.2%,钒1%,钨1.5%,铜0.3%,钽0.015%,钴0.15%,铌0.25%,铈2%,钛0.08%,余量为铁;
b、配料:选取废铁、废钢、铈稀土和含有硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的合金;
c、熔炼:先将b步骤中的配料放入炉底垫有热石灰的中频炉内,再向中频炉通低电流,中频炉内配料预热后全负荷送电,直至中频炉内配料熔化;
d、取样调整:将c步骤中熔化后的配料取样,根据药水或光谱仪分析测出硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的重量千分计含量,并根据a步骤中的工艺目标值对比分析,加入废钢、石墨和含有铬、镍、钼、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的合金直至熔化继续加料;熔化铁水达熔炉一半时加铬铁合金;铬铁合金熔化除渣后,加入铝、硼、钛合金熔化;熔化后加硅、锰合金;调整硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌含量配比接近工艺目标值,加入石墨调碳的含量配比接近工艺目标值;在出中频炉前5分钟加铈稀土和锡合金使铈稀土和锡的百分计含量达到工艺目标值;
e、浇注成型:经d 步骤达到工艺目标值后的熔料在温度为1650摄氏度时加入脱氧剂,然后出中频炉;所述e步骤中的脱氧剂是铝锰铁;
f、热处理:将e步骤浇注成型后的合金钢进行扩散球化,淬火,回火即得成品。
实施例8
作为本发明又一较佳实施例,参照说明书附图,本实施例公开了:
低碳低硼高铬合金钢制备方法,依次由以下工艺步骤组成:a、确定工艺目标值,重量百分计配比如下:
碳0.1%,硅3%,锰1.3%,磷0.03%,硫0.005%,铬10%,镍2%,钼0.5%,硼0.1%,铝0.3%,锡0.08%,钒1%,钨1%,铜0.3%,钽0.015%,钴0.15%,铌0.25%,铈1.5%,钛0.08%,余量为铁;
b、配料:选取废铁、废钢、铈稀土和含有硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的合金;
c、熔炼:先将b步骤中的配料放入炉底垫有热石灰的中频炉内,再向中频炉通低电流,中频炉内配料预热后全负荷送电,直至中频炉内配料熔化;
d、取样调整:将c步骤中熔化后的配料取样,根据药水或光谱仪分析测出硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的重量千分计含量,并根据a步骤中的工艺目标值对比分析,加入废钢、石墨和含有铬、镍、钼、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的合金直至熔化继续加料;熔化铁水达熔炉一半时加铬铁合金;铬铁合金熔化除渣后,加入铝、硼、钛合金熔化;熔化后加硅、锰合金;调整硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌含量配比接近工艺目标值,加入石墨调碳的含量配比接近工艺目标值;在出中频炉前5分钟加铈稀土和锡合金使铈稀土和锡的百分计含量达到工艺目标值;
e、浇注成型:经d 步骤达到工艺目标值后的熔料在温度为1650摄氏度时加入脱氧剂,然后出中频炉;
f、热处理:将e步骤浇注成型后的合金钢进行扩散球化,淬火,回火即得成品;
所述e步骤中的脱氧剂碳化硅;
所述f步骤中的扩散球化是指将e步骤浇注成型后的合金钢加热至1200摄氏度,并保温2小时,然后将温度降到750摄氏度时,保温1.5小时,最后随中频炉冷却;淬火是指将分布于基体上的碳化物经扩散球化后而得到的合金钢加热到1100摄氏度时,随即将其浸入水中冷却;回火是指将淬火后的合金钢重新加热到550摄氏度,并保温2.5小时,最后随中频炉冷却。
下表为本发明低碳低硼高铬合金钢的硬度及铸件与各组分之间的关系对照表:
Claims (8)
1.低碳低硼高铬合金钢,其特征在于:由以下按重量百分比计的原料组成:
碳 0.05-0.30%;
硅 1-3.0%;
锰 0.8-1.3%;
磷 <0.04%
硫 <0.04%;
铬 8-13%;
镍 0.5-2.5%;
钼 0.1-0.8%;
硼 0.03-0.25%;
铝 0.1-0.3%;
锡 0.05-0.2%;
钒 0.3-1.0%;
钨 0.1-1.5%;
铜 0.05-0.3%;
钽 0.005-0.015%;
钴 0.05-0.15%;
铌 0.05-0.25%;
铈 0.8-2.0%
钛 0-0.08%;
其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
2.如权利要求1所述的低碳低硼高铬合金钢,其特征在于:所述合金钢的硬度为HRC48-60。
3.如权利要求1所述的低碳低硼高铬合金钢,其特征在于:所述合金钢的抗冲击功为8-15焦耳。
4.如权利要求1所述的低碳低硼高铬合金钢,其特征在于:所述铈的含量为1.5%,锡的含量为0.08%。
5.如权利要求1所述的低碳低硼高铬合金钢,其特征在于:所述碳的含量为0.1%,铬的含量为10%,硼的含量为0.1%。
6.低碳低硼高铬合金钢制备方法,其特征在于:依次由以下工艺步骤组成:
a、确定工艺目标值,重量百分计配比如下:
碳0.05-0.30%,硅1-3.0%,锰0.8-1.3%,磷<0.04%,硫<0.04%,铬8-13%,镍0.5-2.5%,钼0.1-0.8%,硼0.03-0.25%,铝0.1-0.3%,锡0.05-0.2%,钒0.3-1.0%,钨0.1-1.5%,铜0.05-0.3%,钽0.005-0.015%,钴0.05-0.15%,铌0.05-0.25%,铈0.8-2.0%,钛0-0.08%;余量为铁;
b、配料:选取废铁、废钢、铈稀土和含有硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的合金;
c、熔炼:先将b步骤中的配料放入炉底垫有热石灰的中频炉内,再向中频炉通低电流,中频炉内配料预热后全负荷送电,直至中频炉内配料熔化;
d、取样调整:将c步骤中熔化后的配料取样,根据药水或光谱仪分析测出硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的重量千分计含量,并根据a步骤中的工艺目标值对比分析,加入废钢、石墨和含有铬、镍、钼、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌的合金直至熔化继续加料;熔化铁水达熔炉一半时加铬铁合金;铬铁合金熔化除渣后,加入铝、硼、钛合金熔化;熔化后加硅、锰合金;调整硅、锰、铬、镍、钼、硼、铝、锡、钒、钨、铜、钽、钴和铌含量配比接近工艺目标值,加入石墨调碳的含量配比接近工艺目标值;在出中频炉前5分钟加铈稀土和锡合金使铈稀土和锡的百分计含量达到工艺目标值;
e、浇注成型:经d 步骤达到工艺目标值后的熔料在温度为1650摄氏度时加入脱氧剂,然后出中频炉;
f、热处理:将e步骤浇注成型后的合金钢进行扩散球化,淬火,回火即得成品。
7.如权利要求6所述的低碳低硼高铬合金钢制备方法,其特征在于:所述e步骤中的脱氧剂是铝锰铁、钢芯铝或碳化硅。
8.如权利要求6所述的低碳低硼高铬合金钢制备方法,其特征在于:所述f步骤中的扩散球化是指将e步骤浇注成型后的合金钢加热至1200摄氏度,并保温2小时,然后将温度降到750摄氏度时,保温1.5小时,最后随中频炉冷却;淬火是指将分布于基体上的碳化物经扩散球化后而得到的合金钢加热到1100摄氏度时,随即将其浸入水中冷却;回火是指将淬火后的合金钢重新加热到550摄氏度,并保温2.5小时,最后随中频炉冷却。
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CN115386794A (zh) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-25 | 乐山市泰钢鑫科机械制造有限公司 | 一种强韧性耐磨锋钢及制备方法 |
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