CN108929275B - 6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物及其用途 - Google Patents
6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108929275B CN108929275B CN201810617395.8A CN201810617395A CN108929275B CN 108929275 B CN108929275 B CN 108929275B CN 201810617395 A CN201810617395 A CN 201810617395A CN 108929275 B CN108929275 B CN 108929275B
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- dihydropyridazine
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D237/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings
- C07D237/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D237/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D237/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D237/24—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,涉及6‑(3,4‑取代苯基)‑3‑氧代‑2,3‑二氢哒嗪‑4‑酰肼类化合物及其制备方法和用途,该类化合物的结构如下,其中,X、R的定义如权利要求和说明书所述。本发明还提供了上述结构式所示化合物所形成的在药学上可接受的无毒盐或水合物,这些药学上可接受的盐包括与酸、碱形成的盐。本发明还提供了此类化合物的制备方法,其制备方法简单易操作,且有较高的收率。体外药理学试验表明,该类化合物具有较好的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性,可用于制备相关痛风治疗药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,涉及6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物及其制备方法和用途,具体涉及6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物、可药用的盐、可药用的溶剂化物及其制备方法,以及这些化合物在治疗高尿酸血症和痛风药物中的用途。
背景技术
痛风是体内嘌呤代谢紊乱或尿酸排泄减少而导致体内关节等处尿酸沉积而引发的一系列炎症反应。随着现代人们生活方式的改变、药物的使用和人口的老龄化,高尿酸血症和痛风的发病率近年呈逐渐增长的趋势,现已成为全球性的代谢疾病。痛风的临床表现为高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia)和尿酸盐结晶沉积所致的特征性急性关节炎,并可发生尿酸盐肾病,尿酸性尿路结石等,严重者可出现关节致残,肾功能不全等。尿酸也常累积于肾脏,引起慢性间质性肾炎和尿酸性肾结石,血液中持续的高尿酸值是引发痛风的重要因素。黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂能够抑制尿酸生成,在高尿酸血症及痛风的治疗中占有重要的地位。别嘌呤醇(allopurinol)是临床上第一个用于抑制尿酸生成的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂,是治疗高尿酸血症及痛风的主要药物之一,曾作为痛风的黄金治疗药物广泛用于临床,可是该药物有很多副作用,不但会引起发热,还引发过敏性皮疹腹痛、腹泻、白细胞及血小板减少和多器官受损,甚至有引起死亡的报道。
非布索坦(febuxostat)最早公开于WO9209279A1中,是一种强效的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂,2008年率先在欧洲上市,2009年通过FDA的批准,用于治疗高尿酸血症和痛风为新一代黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂。以非布索坦为先导化合物设计、合成新的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂的研究已有大量报道,主要集中于用其他五元杂环替换非布索坦的噻唑环,所用的五元杂环包括吡唑、噻吩、硒唑、噁唑、异噁唑、咪唑、三氮唑等;然而,采用六元杂环替换非布索坦噻唑环的例子却很少。此外,在非布索坦及其类似物中,杂环上的羧基被认为是黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性的关键基团之一。以酰肼基团替代羧基所得化合物,未见其具有显著的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性。
本发明的6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物作为黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂的研究目前尚未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有良好黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性的6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物,可用于制备治疗高尿酸血症和痛风病药物。
本发明提供通式(1)所示的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐:
通式(1)中R为直链或支链的C1-C10烷基、C3-C10烯烷基、C3-C10炔烷基、C4-C7环烷基、C7-C10芳烷基、氢;X为卤素、氰基或硝基。
优选地,R为直链或支链的C1-C8烷基、C3-C8烯烷基、C3-C8炔烷基、C4-C6环烷基、C7-C9芳烷基、氢;X为卤素、氰基或硝基。
更优选地,R为直链或支链的C1-C6烷基、C3-C6烯烷基、C3-C6炔烷基、C4-C6环烷基、C7-C9芳烷基;X为溴、碘、氰基或硝基。
最优选,R为乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、正戊基、异戊基;X为氰基或硝基。
本发明得到的化合物还包括上述结构式所示衍生物所形成的在药学上可接受的无毒盐及其水合物或者其他前药形式,这些药学上可接受的无毒盐包括该衍生物与酸或碱所形成的盐。所述的酸可以是盐酸、硫酸、氢溴酸、磷酸的无机酸或选自乙酸、柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸苯甲酸、苹果酸的有机酸。所属的碱盐可以是碱金属盐如Li、Na和K盐;碱土金属盐如Ca和Mg盐;有机碱盐,如赖氨酸、精氨酸、胍、二乙醇胺、胆碱、氨丁三醇等等;铵或取代的铵盐和铝盐。所述水合物的结晶水数目为0~16中的任意实数。这些盐和前药形式可以各自游离出上述结构式化合物。
本发明得到的最优选的部分化合物结构及命名如下:
化合物1
6-(3-氰基-4-乙氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼
化合物2
6-(3-氰基-4-异丙氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼
化合物3
6-(3-氰基-4-异丁氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼
化合物4
6-(3-氰基-4-异戊氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼
化合物5
6-(3-氰基-4-正丙氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼
化合物6
6-(3-氰基-4-正丁氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼
化合物7
6-(3-氰基-4-正戊氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼
化合物8
6-(3-硝基-4-异丙氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼
化合物9
6-(3-硝基-4-异丁氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼
化合物10
6-(3-硝基-4-异戊氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼
本发明还提供了该类化合物的制备方法,本发明的6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类衍生物(III)可以按照如下反应路线得到:
将苯环3,4位取代的化合物(I)溶于无水乙醇中,加入1-1.2当量的水合肼盐酸盐,回流反应10-12个小时,反应完毕后,减压蒸除溶剂,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机层用饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,分出有机层并用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸除溶剂,得到固体粗产物(II),将固体粗产物溶于无水乙醇中,加入1.5-2当量水合肼,回流反应5-6小时,反应完毕后,减压蒸除溶剂,经柱层析分离得到化合物(III),收率50%~70%。
本发明提供的6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物制备方法简单可行,收率较高。
本发明所述的6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐可以和药学上可接受的载体制备成药物组合物。
本发明进一步提供了上述化合物和组合物在制备治疗高尿酸血症药物中的应用,尤其是在制备治疗痛风疾病的药物中的应用。
具体实施方式
通过下述实例将有助于理解本发明,但本发明的内容并不限于所举实例。
本发明所用试剂均为市售,核磁共振谱由AVANCE-400/600、Bruker ARX-300傅立叶变换核磁共振波谱仪测定,质谱由Brukee Esqure 2000、Shimadzu GCMS-QP5050A型质谱仪测定。
实施例1:6-(3-氰基-4-乙氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物1)的制备
将2-(2-(3-氰基-4-乙氧基苯基)-2-氧代乙基)-2-羟基丙二酸二乙酯(0.6g,1.65mmol)溶于无水乙醇中,加入的水合肼盐酸盐(0.14g,1.98mmol),回流反应10小时;反应完毕后,减压蒸除溶剂,用乙酸乙酯萃取;有机层用饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,分出有机层并用无水硫酸钠干燥;减压蒸除溶剂,得到固体粗产物0.52g;将固体粗产物溶于无水乙醇中,加入水合肼(0.12g,2.5mmol),回流反应5小时;反应完毕后,减压蒸除溶剂,经柱层析分离得到化合物。
6-(3-氰基-4-乙氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物1)的收率为62%,其结构式、1H-NMR和MS数据列于下表-1中。
实施例2:6-(3-氰基-4-异丙氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物2)的制备
除了使用相应的原料外,以实施例1相同的方法制备6-(3-氰基-4-异丙氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物2),收率58%,其结构式、1H-NMR和MS数据列于下表-1中。
实施例3:6-(3-氰基-4-异丁氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物3)的制备
除了使用相应的原料外,以实施例1相同的方法制备6-(3-氰基-4-异丁氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物3),收率60%,其结构式、1H-NMR和MS数据列于下表-1中。
实施例4:6-(3-氰基-4-异戊氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物4)的制备
除了使用相应的原料外,以实施例1相同的方法制备6-(3-氰基-4-异戊氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物4),收率65%,其结构式、1H-NMR和MS数据列于下表-1中。
实施例5:6-(3-氰基-4-正丙氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物5)的制备
除了使用相应的原料外,以实施例1相同的方法制备6-(3-氰基-4-正丙氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物5),收率68%,其结构式、1H-NMR和MS数据列于下表-1中。
实施例6:6-(3-氰基-4-正丁氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物6)的制备
除了使用相应的原料外,以实施例1相同的方法制备6-(3-氰基-4-正丁氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物6),收率66%,其结构式、1H-NMR和MS数据列于下表-1中。
实施例7:6-(3-氰基-4-正戊氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物7)的制备
除了使用相应的原料外,以实施例1相同的方法制备6-(3-氰基-4-正戊氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物7),收率60%,其结构式、1H-NMR和MS数据列于下表-1中。
实施例8:6-(3-硝基-4-异丙氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物8)的制备
除了使用相应的原料外,以实施例1相同的方法制备6-(3-硝基-4-异丙氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物8),收率57%,其结构式、1H-NMR和MS数据列于下表-1中。
实施例9:6-(3-硝基-4-异丁氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物9)的制备
除了使用相应的原料外,以实施例1相同的方法制备6-(3-硝基-4-异丁氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物9),收率60%,其结构式、1H-NMR和MS数据列于下表-1中。
实施例10:6-(3-硝基-4-异戊氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物10)的制备
除了使用相应的原料外,以实施例1相同的方法制备6-(3-硝基-4-异戊氧基苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼(化合物10),收率54%,其结构式、1H-NMR和MS数据列于下表-1中。
表-1
实施例11:本发明的化合物的体外药理学测试
(1)实验原理:以黄嘌呤(购自SIGMA)为底物检测XOD(购自SIGMA)活性。观察样品对酶的活性抑制,以评价样品的抑制效果。采用的阳性参照化合物为别嘌呤醇(allopurinol)。
(2)体外活性测试方法和结果:200μL反应体系中含适量XOD、pH 7.4磷酸缓冲液、黄嘌呤(购自SIGMA)和祥品,同时设立空白对照(不含酶和样品)和阴性对照(不含样品),样品浓度为10μmol·L-1,25℃反应20min,293nM测定OD值、根据如下公式计算抑制率,各化合物的抑制率值见表-2。
表-2
实施例12:本发明对活性化合物2进行了小鼠急性毒性试验
采用半数致死量法测试化合物2的急性毒性:
1、预实验:取昆明系小鼠20只,雌雄各半,采取灌胃单剂量给药方式按序贯法进行预试验,发现化合物2对雌性和雄性小鼠毒性基本相同,LD0和LD100分别为350mg/kg体重和1730mg/kg体重;
2、正式实验:取健康昆明系雄性小鼠70只,按体重进行随机区组试验设计分组,每组10只。给药组和对照组分别给予350mg/kg、478mg/kg、660mg/kg、912mg/kg、1258mg/kg、1730mg/kg药物和溶媒,组距为0.14。各剂量组采用等体积灌胃单剂量给药,给药体积为0.2mL/10g。观察记录14天内各组动物临床表现、中毒症状和死亡情况。对死亡动物进行剖检,肉眼观察病理变化,采用孙氏改良寇氏法计算LD50
表-3
孙氏改良寇氏法计算LD50公式:
lgLD50=X-i*(Σp-0.5)式中X为最大剂量对数值,p为死亡率,i为最大剂量/相邻剂量的lg值。
经上式计算得化合物2的LD50为883mg/kg,根据联合国世界卫生组织推荐外来化合物急性毒性分级标准,500~5000mg/kg属于低毒,因此化合物2是低毒的,对小鼠急性毒性很小,有待于进一步开发利用。
Claims (11)
2.根据权利要求1所述的6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,R为直链或支链的C1-C8烷基、氢;X为氰基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于, R为直链或支链的C1-C6烷基;X为氰基。
4.根据权利要求1-3任何一项所述的6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于, R为乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、正戊基、异戊基;X为氰基。
6.根据权利要求1-3、5中任何一项所述的6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:所述的药学上可接受的盐为该衍生物与酸或碱所形成的酸盐或碱盐,所述的酸是盐酸、硫酸、氢溴酸、磷酸的无机酸或选自乙酸、柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸苯甲酸、苹果酸的有机酸,所述的碱盐是碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、有机碱盐、铵或取代的铵盐和铝盐,所述的碱金属盐选自Li、Na或K盐;碱土金属盐选自Ca或Mg盐;有机碱盐选自赖氨酸、精氨酸、胍、二乙醇胺、胆碱、氨丁三醇的盐。
7.根据权利要求4所述的6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:所述的药学上可接受的盐为该衍生物与酸或碱所形成的酸盐或碱盐,所述的酸是盐酸、硫酸、氢溴酸、磷酸的无机酸或选自乙酸、柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸苯甲酸、苹果酸的有机酸,所述的碱盐是碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、有机碱盐、铵或取代的铵盐和铝盐,所述的碱金属盐选自Li、Na或K盐;碱土金属盐选自Ca或 Mg盐;有机碱盐选自赖氨酸、精氨酸、胍、二乙醇胺、胆碱、氨丁三醇的盐。
9.一种药物组合物,包含权利要求1-7任何一项所述的6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的载体。
10.权利要求1-7任何一项所述的6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐或权利要求9所述的药物组合物在制备治疗高尿酸血症药物中的应用。
11.权利要求1-7中任何一项所述的6-(3,4-取代苯基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-4-酰肼类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐或权利要求9所述的药物组合物在制备治疗痛风药物中的应用。
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