CN108928052B - High-temperature-resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

High-temperature-resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN108928052B
CN108928052B CN201810529395.2A CN201810529395A CN108928052B CN 108928052 B CN108928052 B CN 108928052B CN 201810529395 A CN201810529395 A CN 201810529395A CN 108928052 B CN108928052 B CN 108928052B
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fiber cloth
refractory fiber
slurry
gasket
parts
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CN108928052A (en
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刘开琪
孙广超
熊瑞
陈运法
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Institute of Process Engineering of CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
    • C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
    • C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M17/00—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics
    • D06M17/04—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics by applying synthetic resins as adhesives
    • D06M17/10—Polyurethanes polyurea
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket and a preparation method and application thereof. The sealing gasket comprises refractory fiber cloth and binding agent slurry, the refractory fiber cloth is mutually overlapped, and the binding agent slurry is positioned between the adjacent refractory fiber cloth and on the outer side surface of the outermost refractory fiber cloth; the bonding agent slurry comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of waterborne polyurethane, 10-35 parts of epoxy resin emulsion, 10-15 parts of filler, 1-5 parts of aluminum sol and 0.5-1 part of dispersant. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a binder slurry; 2) and (2) compounding the bonding agent slurry obtained in the step 1) on the surface to be bonded of the refractory fiber cloth, then superposing the obtained refractory fiber cloth compounded with the bonding agent slurry, and finally processing and forming to obtain the sealing gasket. The high-temperature-resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket provided by the invention can be used in a high-temperature environment for a long time.

Description

High-temperature-resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of inorganic nonmetal composite materials, and particularly relates to a high-temperature-resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development of industries such as petrochemical industry, metallurgy, environmental protection and the like, higher and higher requirements are put forward on the high-temperature and high-pressure resistance of a high-temperature dust-containing gas separation device, and a high-temperature sealing technology is one of important factors influencing whether the device can continuously run for a long time. In the industrial production process, the aging, embrittlement and the like of the sealing material can be accelerated when the use environment temperature is inconsistent with the sealing material or in a thermal overload state, the sealing technology of the pipe fitting under the high-temperature working condition is particularly important, and the harsh requirements on the temperature resistance and the sealing performance of the sealing material are also provided.
The flexible elastic sealing technology below 600 ℃ is mature, but the development of high-temperature resistant flexible elastic sealing materials used for a long time at the high temperature of 700-1000 ℃ is deficient.
CN106188897A discloses a high-temperature-resistant ethylene propylene rubber sealing gasket, a preparation method and an application thereof, in the scheme, the high-temperature-resistant ethylene propylene rubber sealing gasket is composed of ethylene propylene rubber, furnace carbon black, spray carbon black, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, a vulcanizing agent, an auxiliary crosslinking agent, an anti-aging agent and the like, wherein the completely saturated ethylene propylene rubber is used as a rubber raw material.
CN204852334U discloses a high temperature seal graphite gasket, this graphite gasket including metal inner ring and metal outer loop, inlay between metal inner ring and the metal outer loop and be equipped with the graphite ring, the thickness of graphite ring is higher than the thickness of metal inner ring and metal outer loop, the metal inner ring is arc indent structure, the metal outer loop is arc evagination structure, the graphite ring is equipped with the arc arch with metal inner ring and the laminating of metal outer loop and protruding.
CN202684067U discloses a refractory fiber sealing gasket, which is made of refractory fiber material, has excellent elasticity on the surface, is suitable for the shape of a stopper nozzle which changes constantly, and can effectively block and seal the stopper nozzle.
However, the three schemes can not be used for a long time at the high temperature of 700-1000 ℃.
High temperature among the heterogeneous pipe fitting is sealed in the high temperature dusty flue gas purification technique, uses fire-resistant fiber cotton, felt to fill sealed usually, nevertheless because fiber cotton, felt texture are soft, intensity is low, the continuity is poor for easily take place the damage in the installation, cause the atress uneven, sealed effect is poor. Under the mechanical vibration of long-time high-temperature operation and a back flushing process, the material is seriously aged due to poor temperature resistance, gas leakage is easy to occur, and the high-temperature dust-containing flue gas purification efficiency is greatly influenced. In order to solve the technical problem, the development of a high-strength high-temperature-resistant flexible elastic sealing material is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that sealing materials in the prior art are easy to pulverize at high temperature, poor in sealing effect, low in mechanical strength, short in service life and the like, the invention aims to provide a high-temperature-resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket and a preparation method and application thereof. The high-temperature-resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket provided by the invention can be used in a high-temperature environment for a long time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a sealing gasket, which comprises refractory fiber cloth and a binder slurry, wherein the refractory fiber cloth is mutually overlapped, and the binder slurry is positioned between the adjacent refractory fiber cloth and on the outer side surface of the outermost refractory fiber cloth;
the bonding agent slurry comprises the following components in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0001676839910000021
Figure BDA0001676839910000031
in the present invention, the binder slurry is used in an amount of 50 to 70 parts by weight, for example, 50 parts, 52 parts, 55 parts, 57 parts, 60 parts, 62 parts, 65 parts, 68 parts, or 70 parts by weight of the aqueous polyurethane, but the binder slurry is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
The epoxy resin emulsion is used in an amount of 10 to 35 parts by weight, for example, 10 parts, 13 parts, 16 parts, 18 parts, 20 parts, 22 parts, 25 parts, 28 parts, 30 parts, 33 parts or 35 parts, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
The filler is present in an amount of 10 to 15 parts by weight, for example 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 parts by weight, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are also applicable.
The aluminum sol is used in an amount of 1 to 5 parts by weight, for example, 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts or 5 parts, but the amount is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
The dispersant is used in an amount of 0.5 to 1 part by weight, for example, 0.5 part, 0.6 part, 0.7 part, 0.8 part, 0.9 part or 1 part, but not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
In the sealing gasket provided by the invention, the bonding agent slurry and the refractory fiber cloth are matched with each other under the synergistic action, so that the overall performance of the sealing gasket is obviously enhanced. Specifically, the waterborne polyurethane/epoxy resin composite material is prepared by mixing waterborne polyurethane, epoxy resin emulsion, vermiculite particles, mullite short fibers, zirconia short fibers, alumina sol and a dispersing agent to form a binding agent slurry, so that the mechanical strength of the material is effectively improved while the viscosity and the environmental protection property are ensured, the material has high strength at normal temperature, is not hardened, has good flexibility at high temperature and is not brittle failure, and the high-temperature flexibility and elasticity of the material can be better met; the material has high mechanical strength by the multi-layer compounding of the refractory fiber cloth, and meanwhile, the multi-layer fiber can self-adjust the stress of the rigid point under the pressure and the thermal stress, and the sealing performance of the material is improved by gap compensation and excellent corrosion resistance.
Compared with common refractory fiber cotton and felt, the high-temperature-resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket has the advantages of high strength, uniform thickness, good continuity and the like, can bear axial vibration caused by pulse back flushing for ash removal, can buffer the action of thermal stress between a ceramic membrane and a steel plate, provides reliable fixed connection and sealing performance, and has the advantages of simple manufacturing process, low cost and the like. More importantly, the composite material product has various forms, can be made into various shapes, sizes, thicknesses and the like, and has the characteristics of low thermal conductivity, no combustion, high strength-to-weight ratio, good chemical stability, good flexibility and elasticity at high temperature and the like. The high-temperature resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket provided by the invention can be used for a long time in the environment of 700-1000 ℃.
The following is a preferred technical solution of the present invention, but not a limitation to the technical solution provided by the present invention, and the technical objects and advantageous effects of the present invention can be better achieved and achieved by the following preferred technical solution.
In the present invention, a refractory fiber cloth is used as a base material of a gasket.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the refractory fiber cloth in the gasket includes one or a combination of at least two of high silica fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth, and aluminum silicate fiber cloth. The high silica fiber cloth is short for high-purity silicon oxide amorphous continuous fiber cloth, and the silicon oxide content of the high silica fiber cloth is 96-98%.
Preferably, in the sealing gasket, the weaving mode of the fire-resistant fiber cloth includes but is not limited to any one of plain weave, twill weave or satin weave or the combination of at least two of the plain weave, the twill weave and the satin weave. However, the method is not limited to the above-mentioned weaving method, and other weaving methods commonly used in the art to achieve the same effect may be used in the present invention.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the sealing gasket, the bonding agent slurry comprises the following components in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0001676839910000041
preferably, in the sealing gasket, the binder slurry comprises the following components in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0001676839910000051
preferably, the filler comprises any one or a combination of at least two of vermiculite particles, mullite short fibers or zirconia short fibers. Typical but non-limiting combinations are: the composite material comprises a combination of vermiculite particles and mullite short fibers, a combination of mullite short fibers and zirconia short fibers, a combination of vermiculite particles and zirconia short fibers, and a combination of vermiculite particles, mullite short fibers and zirconia short fibers. In the present invention, the length of the short fiber is 100-500 μm.
The vermiculite particles are added, and the dispersion distribution can effectively increase the temperature resistance of the material and enlarge the use temperature range of the sealing gasket; the mullite short fibers and the zirconia short fibers are added, and are randomly arranged and directionally dispersed among fiber cloth layers in different places, so that a certain supporting effect is achieved, and the resilience of the material is improved.
Preferably, the dispersant comprises any one of dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl ether monosulfonate, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, alcohol ether sulfonate or phenol ether sulfonate or a combination of at least two thereof. However, the dispersant is not limited to the above-mentioned dispersant, and other conventional dispersants in the art that can achieve the same effect can be used in the present invention, for example, other kinds of anionic surfactants.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing a gasket as defined in the first aspect, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a binder slurry;
(2) and (2) compounding the bonding agent slurry obtained in the step (1) on the surface to be bonded of the refractory fiber cloth, then superposing the obtained refractory fiber cloth compounded with the bonding agent slurry, and finally processing and forming to obtain the sealing gasket.
The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of easily available raw materials, environmental protection and simple preparation process, is suitable for industrial application, can control the thickness by controlling the number of the stacked layers of the refractory fiber cloth, and can control the shape by controlling the processing and forming die.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the step (1), the preparing of the binder slurry includes the steps of:
mixing the waterborne polyurethane, the epoxy resin emulsion, the aluminum sol and the dispersant in proportion to obtain mixed emulsion, adding the filler in proportion into the mixed emulsion, and dispersing to obtain the binder slurry.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dispersant includes, but is not limited to, any one or a combination of at least two of dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl ether monosulfonate, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, alcohol ether sulfonate, or phenol ether sulfonate.
Preferably, the method of mixing comprises stirring.
Preferably, the filler comprises any one or a combination of at least two of vermiculite particles, mullite short fibers or zirconia short fibers. Typical but non-limiting combinations are: the composite material comprises a combination of vermiculite particles and mullite short fibers, a combination of mullite short fibers and zirconia short fibers, a combination of vermiculite particles and zirconia short fibers, and a combination of vermiculite particles, mullite short fibers and zirconia short fibers. In the present invention, the length of the short fiber is 100-500 μm.
Preferably, the method of dispersion comprises any one of ultrasonic dispersion, stirring or ball milling or a combination of at least two thereof. Typical but non-limiting combinations are: a combination of ultrasonic dispersion and agitation, a combination of agitation and ball milling, a combination of ultrasonic dispersion and ball milling, and the like.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the refractory fiber cloth includes one or a combination of at least two of high silica fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth, and aluminum silicate fiber cloth. The high silica fiber cloth is short for high-purity silicon oxide amorphous continuous fiber cloth, and the silicon oxide content of the high silica fiber cloth is 96-98%.
Preferably, in the step (2), the method for compounding the binder slurry in the step (1) on the surface of the refractory fiber cloth to be bonded is coating or dipping.
Preferably, in the step (2), the amount of the bonding agent slurry compounded on the surface of the refractory fiber cloth needing to be bonded is 0.01-0.5 g/cm2E.g. 0.01g/cm2、0.05g/cm2、0.1g/cm2、0.2g/cm2、0.3g/cm2、0.4g/cm2Or 0.5g/cm2And the like, but are not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the numerical range are also applicable.
Preferably, in the step (2), the refractory fiber cloth compounded with the binder slurry is laminated and then pressurized and dried, or the refractory fiber cloth compounded with the binder slurry is singly dried and then laminated and pressurized. In the present invention, the plurality of layers means 2 or more layers.
Preferably, the pressure of the pressurization is 1 to 10MPa, for example, 1MPa, 2MPa, 3MPa, 4MPa, 5MPa, 6MPa, 7MPa, 8MPa, 9MPa or 10MPa, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the numerical range are also applicable.
Preferably, in the step (2), the processing and forming method is die cutting and forming.
In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step (2), the refractory fiber cloth is pre-treated and then compounded with the binder slurry.
Preferably, the pretreatment is a desizing treatment.
Preferably, the desizing treatment method comprises drying and/or heating at 600 ℃ after ultrasonic oscillation in ethanol. In the invention, the drying after ultrasonic oscillation in ethanol and/or the heating at 600 ℃ means that the drying after ultrasonic oscillation in ethanol can be performed, the heating at 600 ℃ can also be performed, and the combination of the drying after ultrasonic oscillation in ethanol and the heating at 600 ℃ can also be performed.
As a further preferable technical scheme of the preparation method, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring and mixing the waterborne polyurethane, the epoxy resin emulsion, the aluminum sol and the dispersant in proportion to obtain mixed emulsion, adding the filler in proportion into the mixed emulsion, and dispersing to obtain the binder slurry;
(2) compounding the bonding agent slurry in the step (1) on the surface to be bonded of the desized refractory fiber cloth by a coating or dipping method, then superposing the obtained refractory fiber cloth compounded with the bonding agent slurry, and finally performing die cutting forming to obtain the sealing gasket;
wherein the amount of the bonding agent slurry compounded on the surface of the refractory fiber cloth needing to be bonded is 0.01-0.5 g/cm2The stacking method comprises the steps of stacking a plurality of layers of the refractory fiber cloth compounded with the binder slurry, then pressurizing and drying the refractory fiber cloth or performing pressurization stacking on a plurality of layers of the refractory fiber cloth compounded with the binder slurry after drying the refractory fiber cloth in a single layer, wherein the pressurization pressure is 1-10 MPa.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of a gasket as defined in the first aspect for sealing joints between rigid dissimilar tubular elements. The sealing gasket provided by the invention can be used for high-temperature pipe fitting connection occasions such as petrochemical industry, metallurgy, building materials, electric power and the like, is particularly suitable for the contact sealing surface of a ceramic membrane and a steel plate, can play a good buffering role in the expansion of a pipe fitting at a connection part at high temperature, and has a good sealing effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the waterborne polyurethane, the epoxy resin emulsion, the filler, the alumina sol and the dispersant are mixed to form the binder slurry, so that the mechanical strength of the sealing gasket is effectively improved while the viscosity and the environmental protection property are ensured, the sealing gasket has high strength and is not hardened at normal temperature, good flexibility and brittle fracture are avoided at high temperature, and the high-temperature flexibility and elasticity of the material can be better met;
(2) the material has high mechanical strength through the multilayer compounding of the refractory fiber cloth, meanwhile, the multilayer fiber can self-adjust the stress of the rigid point under the pressure and the thermal stress, and the sealing performance of the material is improved through gap compensation and excellent corrosion resistance;
(3) the vermiculite particles are added, and the dispersion distribution can effectively increase the temperature resistance of the material and enlarge the use temperature range of the sealing gasket;
(4) the mullite short fibers and the zirconia short fibers are added, and are randomly arranged and directionally dispersed among fiber cloth layers in different places, so that a certain supporting effect is achieved, and the resilience of the material is improved;
(5) the high-temperature-resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket provided by the invention can be used for a long time in an environment of 700-;
(6) the high-temperature-resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket provided by the invention has the advantages of easily available raw materials, environmental protection and simple preparation process, and is suitable for industrial application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view (not limited to the number of stacked layers shown in the figure) of a gasket prepared in example 1 of the present invention, in which 1-a refractory fiber cloth, 2-a binder slurry;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an O-ring-shaped gasket produced in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better illustrate the present invention and facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the claims, which are defined by the claims.
The following are typical but non-limiting examples of the invention:
example 1
The gasket was prepared as follows:
the components and the mixture ratio of the bonding agent slurry of the sealing gasket in the embodiment are selected as follows: 52 parts of waterborne polyurethane, 30 parts of epoxy resin emulsion, 13 parts of filler, 5 parts of aluminum sol and 0.8 part of dispersant.
(1) Adding the waterborne polyurethane, the epoxy resin emulsion, the alumina sol and the dispersing agent into a high-speed mixer, stirring for 20min, fully and uniformly mixing, and adding 13 parts of filler. The filler is formed by adding vermiculite particles and mullite short fibers according to the mass ratio of 1: 1. And forming stable binder slurry after ball milling for 1 h. The dispersant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
(2) Plain weave high silica fiber cloth with the purity higher than 96 percent is used as a base material, after high-temperature pretreatment for 30min at 600 ℃, the automatic glue rolling machine is used for uniformly coating the binding agent slurry on the upper surface and the lower surface of the fiber cloth, and the coating weight is about 0.1g/cm2Drying with 70 deg.C infrared ray for 1 hr, dissipating a large amount of water, stacking, and molding under 10 MPa. Finally, the O-shaped high-temperature resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket with the inner diameter of 7cm and the outer diameter of 9cm is obtained through die cutting.
The sealing gasket prepared by the embodiment can be used for sealing the high-temperature ceramic membrane filter tube, is arranged between the porous steel plate and the ceramic filter tube, and is extruded to generate elastic deformation under the action of the compaction force at the top of the ceramic tube, so that the gap between the high-temperature ceramic tube and the porous steel plate is filled, and the effective sealing effect is achieved.
The cross section of the gasket prepared in this example is shown in fig. 1 (without limiting to the number of stacked layers shown in this figure), and the gasket is composed of refractory fiber cloths 1 and a binder slurry 2, the refractory fiber cloths 1 are stacked on each other, and the binder slurry 2 is located between the adjacent refractory fiber cloths 1 and on the outer side surface of the outermost refractory fiber cloth 1.
The overall structure of the gasket manufactured in this example is schematically shown in fig. 2, and is in the shape of an O-ring.
The test result shows that the sealing gasket prepared by the embodiment has the flexibility tightly combined with the sealing surface, plays the roles of flexible sealing and buffering stress and can be used for a long time in the environment of 700-. Through long-time temperature resistance test, it is found that it is sealed effectual, wholeness and intensity are high under high temperature, and the non-stick is on the pipe fitting surface, can clear up fast, and the dismouting is changed conveniently. Can be used for sealing ceramic membrane filter pipes for high-temperature flue gas purification, such as industrial high-temperature flue gas purification equipment for steel mill flue gas purification and the like.
The five-layer laminated gasket prepared in this example was used at 1000 ℃ for a long period of time, and the tensile strength was maintained at about 35.9 MPa.
Example 2
The high-temperature resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket is prepared according to the following steps:
the components and the mixture ratio of the bonding agent slurry of the sealing material in the embodiment are selected as follows: 68 parts of waterborne polyurethane, 16 parts of epoxy resin emulsion, 15 parts of filler, 1 part of aluminum sol and 1 part of dispersant.
(1) Adding the waterborne polyurethane, the epoxy resin emulsion, the alumina sol and the dispersing agent into a high-speed mixer, stirring for 20min, and adding 15 parts of filler after uniformly mixing. The filler is formed by adding vermiculite particles, mullite short fibers and zirconia short fibers according to the mass ratio of 2:1: 1. Forming stable binder slurry after stirring. The stirring speed is controlled at 800 revolutions per minute, and the stirring is carried out for 50 minutes. The dispersant is alkyl diphenyl ether monosulfonic sodium salt.
(2) Satin high silica fiber cloth with the purity higher than 96 percent is used as a base material, after ethanol ultrasonic oscillation, drying and high-temperature pretreatment at 600 ℃, a glue scraper is used for evenly and flatly coating the bonding agent slurry on the upper surface and the lower surface of the fiber cloth, and the coating weight is about 0.3g/cm2And performing multilayer superposition according to the surface with the same texture of the cloth surface, and drying for 10 hours at 50 ℃ under the pressure of 1 MPa. And finally, die cutting is carried out to obtain the high-temperature resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket.
Cross-section of the gasket manufactured in this example referring to example 1 (the specific number of stacked layers is not limited to that of example 1), the gasket is composed of refractory fiber cloths 1 and a binder slurry 2, the refractory fiber cloths 1 are stacked on each other, and the binder slurry 2 is located between the adjacent refractory fiber cloths 1 and on the outer side of the outermost refractory fiber cloth 1.
The test result shows that the sealing gasket prepared by the embodiment has the flexibility tightly combined with the sealing surface, plays the roles of flexible sealing and buffering stress and can be used for a long time in the environment of 700-. Through long-time temperature resistance test, it is found that it is sealed effectual, wholeness and intensity are high under high temperature, and the non-stick is on the pipe fitting surface, can clear up fast, and the dismouting is changed conveniently. Can be used for sealing ceramic membrane filter pipes for high-temperature flue gas purification, such as industrial high-temperature flue gas purification equipment for steel mill flue gas purification and the like.
The five-layer stacked sealing gasket prepared in the embodiment is continuously used for 20 hours at 1000 ℃, the tensile strength is kept at about 25.2MPa, and the strength is not reduced.
Example 3
The high-temperature resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket is prepared according to the following steps:
the components and the mixture ratio of the bonding agent slurry of the high-temperature sealing gasket in the embodiment are selected as follows: 65 parts of waterborne polyurethane, 22 parts of epoxy resin emulsion, 10 parts of filler, 3 parts of aluminum sol and 0.5 part of dispersant.
(1) Adding the waterborne polyurethane, the epoxy resin emulsion, the alumina sol and the dispersing agent into a high-speed mixer, stirring for 50min, and adding 10 parts of filler after uniformly stirring. The filler is formed by adding vermiculite particles and mullite short fibers according to the mass ratio of 2: 1. After mixing, a stable binder slurry is formed. The dispersant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
(2) The stainless steel wire reinforced plain aluminum silicate fiber cloth is used as a base material, the fiber cloth is soaked in the slurry, three layers are superposed, and the mixture is dried for 5 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ under the pressure of 2 MPa. And finally, die cutting is carried out to obtain the high-temperature resistant flexible elastic sealing gasket.
Cross-section of the gasket manufactured in this example referring to example 1 (the specific number of stacked layers is not limited to that of example 1), the gasket is composed of refractory fiber cloths 1 and a binder slurry 2, the refractory fiber cloths 1 are stacked on each other, and the binder slurry 2 is located between the adjacent refractory fiber cloths 1 and on the outer side of the outermost refractory fiber cloth 1.
The test result shows that the sealing gasket prepared by the embodiment has the flexibility tightly combined with the sealing surface, plays the roles of flexible elastic sealing and buffering stress and can be used for a long time in the environment of 700 ℃. Through long-time temperature resistance test, it is found that it is sealed effectual, wholeness and intensity are high under high temperature, and the non-stick is on the pipe fitting surface, can clear up fast, and the dismouting is changed conveniently. Can be used for sealing ceramic membrane filter pipes for high-temperature flue gas purification, such as industrial high-temperature flue gas purification equipment for steel mill flue gas purification and the like.
The three-layer laminated gasket prepared in this example was used at 700 ℃ for a long time, and the tensile strength was maintained at about 27.5 MPa.
Example 4
The concrete steps of this example refer to example 1, except that, in the components of the bonding agent slurry for a gasket, the weight part of the aqueous polyurethane is 50 parts, and the weight part of the epoxy resin emulsion is 35 parts; in the step (2), the coating amount is about 0.01g/cm2。
Cross-section of the gasket manufactured in this example referring to example 1 (the specific number of stacked layers is not limited to that of example 1), the gasket is composed of refractory fiber cloths 1 and a binder slurry 2, the refractory fiber cloths 1 are stacked on each other, and the binder slurry 2 is located between the adjacent refractory fiber cloths 1 and on the outer side of the outermost refractory fiber cloth 1.
The test result shows that the sealing gasket prepared by the embodiment has the flexibility tightly combined with the sealing surface, plays the roles of flexible sealing and buffering stress and can be used for a long time in the environment of 700-. Through long-time temperature resistance test, it is found that it is sealed effectual, wholeness and intensity are high under high temperature, and the non-stick is on the pipe fitting surface, can clear up fast, and the dismouting is changed conveniently. Can be used for sealing ceramic membrane filter pipes for high-temperature flue gas purification, such as industrial high-temperature flue gas purification equipment for steel mill flue gas purification and the like.
The five-layer stacked sealing gasket prepared in the embodiment is used at 900 ℃ for a long time, and the tensile strength is kept at about 38.8 MPa.
Example 5
The concrete steps of this example refer to example 1, except that in the components of the bonding agent slurry for a gasket, the weight part of the aqueous polyurethane is 70 parts, and the weight part of the epoxy resin emulsion is 10 parts; in the step (2), the coating amount is about 0.5g/cm2。
Cross-section of the gasket manufactured in this example referring to example 1 (the specific number of stacked layers is not limited to that of example 1), the gasket is composed of refractory fiber cloths 1 and a binder slurry 2, the refractory fiber cloths 1 are stacked on each other, and the binder slurry 2 is located between the adjacent refractory fiber cloths 1 and on the outer side of the outermost refractory fiber cloth 1.
The test result shows that the sealing gasket prepared by the embodiment has the flexibility tightly combined with the sealing surface, plays the roles of flexible sealing and buffering stress and can be used for a long time in the environment of 700-. Through long-time temperature resistance test, it is found that it is sealed effectual, wholeness and intensity are high under high temperature, and the non-stick is on the pipe fitting surface, can clear up fast, and the dismouting is changed conveniently. Can be used for sealing ceramic membrane filter pipes for high-temperature flue gas purification, such as industrial high-temperature flue gas purification equipment for steel mill flue gas purification and the like.
The five-layer stacked gasket prepared in the embodiment is used at 1000 ℃ for a long time, and the tensile strength is kept at about 34.3 MPa.
Comparative example 1
The specific procedure of this comparative example is as in example 1, except that no filler is added to the binder slurry.
The result of the comparative example is that the prepared sealing gasket has small slurry viscosity due to no addition of filler, has long drying time after multi-layer stacking, and easily causes the adverse effects of uneven material shrinkage, reduced flatness and the like due to larger difference of the water loss speed at the edge of the material compared with the water loss speed at the middle part of the material.
The sealing gasket has the characteristics of high temperature resistance and strong flexibility, and can obtain a three-dimensional sealing material with controllable thickness and plastic shape through multilayer compounding, thereby playing a role in flexible sealing at the joint of rigid heterogeneous pipe fittings. Meanwhile, the method has the characteristics of simple manufacturing process and low energy consumption, and can be used for high-temperature pipe fitting connection occasions such as petrochemical industry, metallurgy, building materials, electric power and the like. The comparative example did not adopt the scheme of the present invention, and thus the effects of the present invention could not be obtained.
The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (24)

1. The sealing gasket is characterized by comprising refractory fiber cloth (1) and a binder slurry (2), wherein the refractory fiber cloth (1) is mutually overlapped, and the binder slurry (2) is positioned between the adjacent refractory fiber cloth (1) and on the outer side surface of the outermost refractory fiber cloth (1);
the binder slurry (2) comprises the following components in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0002382682070000011
2. the gasket according to claim 1, wherein the refractory fiber cloth (1) comprises any one or a combination of at least two of high silica fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth, or alumina silicate fiber cloth.
3. The gasket according to claim 1, wherein the woven pattern of the fire-resistant fiber cloth (1) in the gasket comprises any one of plain, twill or satin or a combination of at least two thereof.
4. The gasket according to claim 1, wherein the binder paste (2) comprises the following components in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0002382682070000012
5. the gasket according to claim 4, wherein the binder paste (2) comprises the following components in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0002382682070000021
6. the gasket of claim 1 wherein the filler comprises any one or a combination of at least two of vermiculite particles, mullite or zirconia staple fibers.
7. The gasket of claim 1, wherein the dispersant comprises any one of or a combination of at least two of dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl ether monosulfonate, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, alcohol ether sulfonate, or phenol ether sulfonate.
8. Method for producing a gasket according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a binder slurry (2);
(2) and (2) compounding the bonding agent slurry (2) obtained in the step (1) on the surface, needing to be bonded, of the refractory fiber cloth (1), then superposing the obtained refractory fiber cloth (1) compounded with the bonding agent slurry (2), and finally processing and forming to obtain the sealing gasket.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the step (1) of preparing the binder slurry (2) comprises the steps of:
and mixing the waterborne polyurethane, the epoxy resin emulsion, the aluminum sol and the dispersant in proportion to obtain mixed emulsion, adding the filler in proportion into the mixed emulsion, and dispersing to obtain the binder slurry (2).
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the dispersant comprises any one or a combination of at least two of dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkyldiphenyloxide monosulfonate, alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate, alcohol ether sulfonate, or phenol ether sulfonate.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the mixing comprises stirring.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the filler comprises any one of or a combination of at least two of vermiculite particles, mullite short fibers or zirconia short fibers.
13. The method of claim 9, wherein the dispersing method comprises any one of ultrasonic dispersion, stirring or ball milling or a combination of at least two of the above.
14. The method for preparing the fiber cloth according to the claim 8, wherein the fire resistant fiber cloth (1) in the step (2) comprises any one of high silica fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth or aluminum silicate fiber cloth or a combination of at least two thereof.
15. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2), the method for compounding the binder slurry (2) of the step (1) on the surface of the refractory fiber cloth (1) to be bonded is coating or dipping.
16. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2), the amount of the binder slurry (2) compounded on the surface of the refractory fiber cloth (1) to be bonded is 0.01 to 0.5g/cm2。
17. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2), the refractory fiber cloth (1) compounded with the binder slurry (2) is laminated in multiple layers and then press-dried, or the refractory fiber cloth (1) compounded with the binder slurry (2) is laminated in single layer and then press-dried in multiple layers.
18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the pressure for pressurizing is 1 to 10 MPa.
19. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2), the processing and forming method is die cutting and forming.
20. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2), the refractory fiber cloth (1) is pre-treated and then compounded with a binder slurry (2).
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the pretreatment is a desizing treatment.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the desizing treatment comprises ultrasonic vibration in ethanol followed by drying and/or heating at 600 ℃.
23. The method for preparing according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring and mixing the waterborne polyurethane, the epoxy resin emulsion, the aluminum sol and the dispersant in proportion to obtain mixed emulsion, adding the filler in proportion to the mixed emulsion, and dispersing to obtain the binder slurry (2);
(2) compounding the bonding agent slurry (2) obtained in the step (1) on the surface, needing to be bonded, of the desized refractory fiber cloth (1) by a coating or dipping method, then superposing the obtained refractory fiber cloth (1) compounded with the bonding agent slurry (2), and finally performing die cutting forming to obtain the sealing gasket;
wherein the amount of the bonding agent slurry (2) compounded on the surface of the refractory fiber cloth (1) needing to be bonded is 0.01-0.5 g/cm2The stacking method comprises the steps of stacking the refractory fiber cloth (1) compounded with the binder slurry (2) in multiple layers, then pressurizing and drying the stacked refractory fiber cloth or performing single-layer drying and then multi-layer pressurizing and stacking on the refractory fiber cloth (1) compounded with the binder slurry (2), wherein the pressurizing pressure is 1-10 MPa.
24. Use of a gasket according to any one of claims 1-7 for sealing joints between rigid dissimilar tubular elements.
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