CN108907420B - Submerged arc automatic welding method for transverse large joint of ship body - Google Patents
Submerged arc automatic welding method for transverse large joint of ship body Download PDFInfo
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- CN108907420B CN108907420B CN201810341658.7A CN201810341658A CN108907420B CN 108907420 B CN108907420 B CN 108907420B CN 201810341658 A CN201810341658 A CN 201810341658A CN 108907420 B CN108907420 B CN 108907420B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a submerged arc automatic welding method for a transverse large seam of a ship body, which specifically comprises the following steps: fixing a welding workpiece, and installing an automatic submerged arc welding machine; welding a forming layer along the track at a set welding current, a set welding voltage and a set first welding speed; keeping the welding current and the welding voltage unchanged, adjusting the welding speed to a second welding speed, and welding a filling layer on the surface of the weld joint of the forming layer; keeping the welding current and the welding voltage unchanged, adjusting the welding speed to a third welding speed, and welding a cover surface layer on the surface of the welding seam of the forming layer; and (5) carrying out mechanical property test, hardness test and section macroscopic image analysis on the welding seam. The invention can ensure the performances of joint forming, tensile bending stress, impact toughness, hardness and the like of transverse welding of the large joint of the ship body, avoids the welding defects of air holes, undercut, slag inclusion, non-fusion and the like easily caused by the traditional CO2 gas shield manual welding, and effectively ensures the one-time shooting qualification rate and the product inspection yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hull seam welding, in particular to a submerged arc automatic welding method for a transverse large seam of a hull.
Background
Submerged arc welding is a method of welding by burning an electric arc under a flux layer, and has inherent advantages of stable welding quality, high welding productivity, no arc and little smoke, and the like, so that submerged arc welding becomes a main welding method in the manufacture of important steel structures.
Submerged arc welding has been used extensively in shipbuilding, but has been used only in planar positions due to its own characteristics. In the welding of ship outer plates, a large number of large joints at transverse positions are arranged, the welding mode is manual or semi-automatic at present, and the welding quality and the welding progress are difficult to guarantee.
At present, a thick welding wire is usually adopted for welding, welding forming is not facilitated, and in the welding process, the phenomenon that liquid metal flows down may occur, so that welding beading occurs on the front side and the back side of a welding line, welding quality is affected, and welding stability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and designs a submerged arc automatic welding method for a transverse large seam of a ship body.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a submerged arc automatic welding method for a transverse large seam of a ship body specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: pre-welding pretreatment:
firstly, transversely fixing a workpiece to be welded on a ship body side, fixing a track according to the position and the direction of a weld groove, and arranging a submerged arc automatic welding machine on the track; then, setting welding parameters;
step 2: welding a molding layer:
aligning a welding gun on a submerged arc automatic welding machine with a welding seam groove, extending a solid welding wire to the root of the welding seam groove, then starting the welding gun and adjusting the length of an electric arc to enable the electric arc to be aligned with the root of the welding seam groove, welding a layer of forming layer along a welding track at a set welding current, a set welding voltage and a set first welding speed, and adopting a welding flux for protection during welding;
and step 3: welding a filling layer:
keeping the welding current and the welding voltage unchanged, adjusting the welding speed to a second welding speed, welding a filling layer on the surface of the weld joint of the forming layer, and adopting a welding flux for protection during welding; the filling layer comprises two welding beads which are respectively positioned at the lower opening and the upper opening of the welding seam surface of the forming layer;
and 4, step 4: welding a cover surface layer:
keeping the welding current and the welding voltage unchanged, adjusting the welding speed to a third welding speed, welding a cover surface layer on the surface of the welding seam of the forming layer, and adopting a welding flux for protection during welding; the cover surface layer comprises three welding beads which are respectively positioned at a lower opening, a middle position and an upper opening on the surface of a welding seam of the forming layer;
and 5: after welding, the surfaces of all welding seams are treated and CO is adopted2Gas shielded welding for repairing back of welding seamAnd (5) compensating to ensure that the surface of the welding seam is well formed, and then carrying out mechanical property test, hardness test and section macroscopic image analysis.
Further, when the molding layer is welded in the step 2, the welding current is 321-350A, the welding voltage is 33-36V, and the welding speed is 32-35 cm/min;
when the filling layer is welded in the step 3, the welding current is 321-350A, the welding voltage is 33-36V, and the welding speed is 32.3-42.8 cm/min;
when the cover surface layer is welded in the step 4, the welding current is 321-350A, the welding voltage is 33-36V, and the welding speed is 50.5-55.5 cm/min.
Further, the step 3 of welding the filling layer specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, aligning a welding gun on a submerged arc automatic welding machine with a weld groove, placing a solid welding wire on the lower opening of the surface of a weld of a forming layer, keeping the welding current and the welding voltage of the welding gun unchanged, increasing the welding speed to 32.3cm/min-42.8cm/min, and welding a first weld bead of a filling layer along a welding track;
then, the solid welding wire is placed on the upper opening of the welding seam surface of the forming layer, and the second welding pass of the filling layer is welded at a constant speed along the welding track at the same welding current, welding voltage and welding speed.
Further, the step 4 of welding the cover layer specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, aligning a welding gun on a submerged arc automatic welding machine with a weld groove, placing a solid welding wire on the lower opening of the surface of a weld of a forming layer, keeping the welding current and the welding voltage of the welding gun unchanged, increasing the welding speed to 50.5-55.5cm/min, and welding a first weld bead of a cover surface layer along a welding track;
then, placing the solid welding wire in the middle of the surface of the welding seam of the forming layer, and welding a second welding bead of the cover layer along the welding track;
finally, the solid welding wire is placed at the upper opening of the welding seam surface of the forming layer, and the third welding pass of the cover surface layer is welded along the welding track.
Furthermore, the solid welding wire adopts a welding wire with the diameter of 1.4mm-1.6mm, the dry elongation of the welding wire is 20mm-25mm, and the interlayer temperature is 150 ℃ during welding.
Further, the type of the solid welding wire is GWL-14H, and the type of the welding flux is GXL-122.
Further, the upper bevel angle of the welding bevel is 35 degrees, and the lower bevel angle is 25 degrees.
Further, the track is fixed on the workpiece to be welded in an adsorption mode through a magnet arranged at the bottom of the track, and the automatic submerged arc welding machine is suspended on the track.
Further, the rail is parallel to the welding line, and an assembly gap of 0-3mm is reserved between the upper workpiece and the lower workpiece to be welded.
The invention has the following positive beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a submerged arc automatic welding method for a transverse large seam of a ship body, which adopts thin welding wires with the diameter of 1.4mm-1.6mm to weld the transverse seam of the ship body, and comprises the welding of a forming layer, the welding of a filling layer and the welding of a cover surface layer. The welding is carried out by adopting the thin welding wire, so that the control of welding forming is facilitated, the operability is strong, the phenomenon that liquid metal flows down in the welding process is avoided, and the attractiveness of a welding line is ensured.
2. During welding, reasonable welding parameters are adopted, so that the performances of joint forming, tensile bending stress, impact toughness, hardness and the like of transverse welding of a large joint of a ship body can be guaranteed, the welding defects of air holes, undercut, slag inclusion, incomplete fusion and the like easily caused by traditional CO2 gas shield manual welding are avoided, the one-time shooting qualification rate and the product inspection yield are effectively guaranteed, and further guarantee is provided for realizing ship automation. Meanwhile, the submerged arc automatic welding method of the invention also obtains the verification and approval of China Classification Society (CCS) and Norwegian Classification society (DNV).
3. The submerged arc automatic welding machine is fixed on the ship outer plate through the magnetic track, submerged arc welding can be suitable for the field of ship welding, welding quality and welding efficiency are improved, welding stability is greatly improved, and the price of welding materials is greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the welding of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a macroscopic metallographic analysis of a welded sample.
Fig. 3 is a distribution diagram of measurement points of a welding sample.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a fixed state of the automatic submerged arc welder.
The specific meanings of the reference numbers in the figures are: a is a left base material, B is a left heat affected zone, C is a welding line, D is a right heat affected zone, E is a right base material, 1 is a workpiece to be welded, 2 is a welding line, 3 is a rail, 4 is a magnet, 5 is a submerged arc automatic welding machine, and 6 is an automatic welding flux recovery device.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent, the invention will be described by way of example only, and in connection with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that such description is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The embodiment is described by combining with figure 1, and the welding method of the submerged arc automatic welding of the transverse large seam of the ship body adopts thin welding wires with the diameter of 1.4mm-1.6mm to weld the transverse seam of the ship body, and comprises the welding of a forming layer, the welding of a filling layer and the welding of a cover surface layer. During welding, reasonable welding parameters are adopted, so that the performances of joint forming, tensile bending stress, impact toughness, hardness and the like of transverse welding of a large joint of a ship body can be guaranteed, the welding defects of air holes, undercut, slag inclusion, incomplete fusion and the like easily caused by traditional CO2 gas shield manual welding are avoided, the one-time shooting qualification rate and the product inspection yield are effectively guaranteed, and further guarantee is provided for realizing ship automation. Meanwhile, the submerged arc automatic welding method of the invention also obtains the verification and approval of China Classification Society (CCS) and Norwegian Classification society (DNV).
The invention relates to a submerged arc automatic welding method for a transverse large seam of a ship body, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: pre-welding pretreatment:
firstly, transversely fixing the workpieces 1 to be welded on the ship board side, keeping an assembly gap of 0-3mm between the upper and lower workpieces 1 to be welded, and enabling the upper bevel angle of a welding bevel to be 35 degrees and the lower bevel angle to be 25 degrees.
Then, the rail 3 is fixed according to the position and the direction of the groove of the welding seam 2, the rail 3 can be fixed on the workpiece 1 to be welded in various ways, but the rail 3 is parallel to the welding seam 2 during fixing. In the embodiment, 6 magnets 4 are fixedly installed on the rail 3, and the rail 3 is adsorbed on the workpiece 1 to be welded through the magnets 4. After the track 3 is fixed, the automatic submerged arc welding machine 5 is hung on the track 3, and an automatic flux recovery device 6 is arranged on the welding. The adsorption force of the magnet is larger than the weight of the track and the submerged arc automatic welding machine, and the track and the submerged arc automatic welding machine are prevented from suddenly dropping in the middle of welding.
Then, three groups of welding parameters are input into a controller of the automatic submerged arc welding machine 5, wherein the three groups of welding parameters are respectively the welding parameters of the forming layer, the welding parameters of the welding layer and the welding parameters of the cover layer.
Specifically, when the welding parameters of each welding layer are set, the welding current of the forming layer is 321A-350A, the welding voltage is 33V-36V, and the welding speed is 32cm/min-35 cm/min; the welding current of the filling layer is 321A-350A, the welding voltage is 33V-36V, and the welding speed is 32.3cm/min-42.8 cm/min; the welding current of the cover layer is 321A-350A, the welding voltage is 33V-36V, and the welding speed is 50.5cm/min-55.5 cm/min.
Step 2: welding a molding layer:
aligning a welding gun on a submerged arc automatic welding machine with a welding seam groove, extending a solid thin welding wire to the root of the welding seam groove, wherein the dry extension degree of the welding wire is 20-25 mm, then starting the welding gun and adjusting the length of an electric arc to enable the electric arc to be accurately aligned with the root of the welding seam groove, and welding a forming layer along a welding track at the welding current of 321-350A, the welding voltage of 33-36V and the welding speed of 32-35 cm/min. During welding, a layer of welding machine is covered on the welding seam, electric arc is generated between the continuously fed welding wire and a weldment under the welding flux layer, and the welding wire, the workpiece and the welding flux are melted by the heat of the electric arc to form a metal molten pool which is isolated from air. As the welder automatically moves forward, the electric arc continuously melts the metal, welding wire and welding flux of the weldment in front, the edge behind the molten pool begins to cool and solidify to form a welding seam, and then the liquid slag is also condensed to form a hard slag shell. The unmelted flux can be recycled to the flux recycling device on the welding machine for recycling. The solid thin welding wire can be a welding wire with the diameter of 1.4mm-1.6mm, in the embodiment, a GWL-14H welding wire with the diameter of 1.6mm is adopted, and a GXL-122 welding flux is adopted for protection during welding.
And step 3: welding a filling layer:
keeping the welding current and the welding voltage unchanged, adjusting the welding speed to be 32.3cm/min-42.8cm/min, and enabling the welding speed of the filling layer to be higher than that of the forming layer. And then, still adopting 1.6mm GWL-14H welding wires to weld a filling layer on the surface of the welding seam of the forming layer, wherein the filling layer comprises two welding passes which are respectively positioned at the lower opening and the upper opening on the surface of the welding seam of the forming layer.
The concrete welding steps of the filling layer are as follows: firstly, aligning a welding gun on a submerged arc automatic welding machine with a welding seam groove, placing a solid welding wire on the lower opening of the welding seam surface of a forming layer, keeping the welding current and the welding voltage of the welding gun unchanged, increasing the welding speed to 32.3cm/min-42.8cm/min, starting the welding gun, slowly moving along a track, welding a first welding pass of a filling layer, and adopting GXL-122 welding flux for protection during welding. Then, the welding wire is placed on the upper opening of the welding seam surface of the forming layer, the second welding pass of the filling layer is welded at a constant speed along the track at the same welding current, welding voltage and welding speed, and GXL-122 welding flux is used for protection during welding.
And 4, step 4: welding a cover surface layer:
keeping the welding current and the welding voltage unchanged, adjusting the welding speed to be 50.5-55.5cm/min, and still adopting 1.6mm GWL-14H welding wires to weld a cover surface layer on the surface of the welding seam of the forming layer, wherein the cover surface layer comprises three welding passes which are respectively positioned at the lower opening, the middle position and the upper opening of the surface of the welding seam of the forming layer.
The concrete welding steps of the cover surface layer are as follows: firstly, aligning a welding gun on a submerged arc automatic welding machine with a weld groove, placing a welding wire of 1.6mm on the lower opening of the weld surface of a forming layer, keeping the welding current and the welding voltage of the welding gun unchanged, increasing the welding speed to 50.5-55.5cm/min, starting the welding gun and welding a first weld bead of a cover surface layer along a track. The welding wire is then placed in the middle of the weld surface of the shaping layer and a second pass of the facing layer is welded along the rail. Finally, the welding wire is placed at the upper opening of the welding seam surface of the forming layer, and the third welding pass of the covering layer is welded along the rail.
The interlayer temperature is controlled at 150 ℃ during welding.
And 5: after welding, the surfaces of all welding seams are processed, the back surfaces of the welding seams are repaired by CO2 gas shielded welding, the surfaces of the welding seams are well formed, and then section macroscopic image analysis, mechanical property test and hardness test are carried out.
The results of the cross-sectional macro-image analysis are shown in fig. 2.
The mechanical properties test results are shown in the following table:
in the hardness test, 19 sets of measurement points are selected from the welded workpiece, and as shown in fig. 3, 3 sets of measurement points are selected from the left base material, 5 sets of measurement points are selected from the left heat-affected zone, 3 sets of measurement points are selected from the weld zone, 5 sets of measurement points are selected from the right heat-affected zone, and 3 sets of measurement points are selected from the right base material, and the hardness at each measurement point is measured. The hardness test results are shown in the following table:
from the section macroscopic image analysis chart, the mechanical property test data and the hardness test data, the welding seam of the welding sample meets the welding standard requirement, and the welding seam is attractive. The transverse submerged arc automatic welding process of the invention also obtains verification and approval of China Classification Society (CCS) and Norwegian Classification society (DNV).
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that; modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A submerged arc automatic welding method for a transverse large seam of a ship body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: pre-welding pretreatment:
firstly, transversely fixing a workpiece to be welded on a ship body side, fixing a track according to the position and the direction of a weld groove, and arranging a submerged arc automatic welding machine on the track; then, setting welding parameters;
step 2: welding a molding layer:
aligning a welding gun on a submerged arc automatic welding machine with a welding seam groove, extending a solid welding wire to the root of the welding seam groove, then starting the welding gun and adjusting the length of an electric arc to enable the electric arc to be aligned with the root of the welding seam groove, welding a layer of forming layer along a track at a set welding current, a set welding voltage and a set first welding speed, and adopting a welding flux for protection during welding;
and step 3: welding a filling layer:
keeping the welding current and the welding voltage unchanged, increasing the welding speed to a second welding speed, welding a filling layer on the surface of the weld joint of the forming layer, and adopting a welding flux for protection during welding; the filling layer comprises two welding beads which are respectively positioned at the lower opening and the upper opening of the welding seam surface of the forming layer;
and 4, step 4: welding a cover surface layer:
keeping the welding current and the welding voltage unchanged, further increasing the welding speed to a third welding speed, welding a cover layer on the surface of the welding seam of the filling layer, and adopting a welding flux for protection during welding; the cover surface layer comprises three welding beads which are respectively positioned at a lower opening, a middle position and an upper opening on the surface of the welding seam of the filling layer;
and 5: after welding, processing the surfaces of all welding seams, repairing the back surfaces of the welding seams by CO2 gas shielded welding to ensure that the surfaces of the welding seams are well formed, and then carrying out mechanical property testing, hardness testing and section macroscopic image analysis;
the solid welding wire is a welding wire with the diameter of 1.4mm-1.6mm, the dry elongation of the welding wire is 20mm-25mm, and the interlayer temperature is 150 ℃ during welding.
2. The submerged arc automatic welding method for the transverse large joint of the ship body as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that when the forming layer is welded in the step 2, the welding current is 321-350A, the welding voltage is 33-36V, and the welding speed is 32-35 cm/min;
when the filling layer is welded in the step 3, the welding current is 321-350A, the welding voltage is 33-36V, and the welding speed is 32.3-42.8 cm/min;
when the cover surface layer is welded in the step 4, the welding current is 321-350A, the welding voltage is 33-36V, and the welding speed is 50.5-55.5 cm/min.
3. The submerged arc automatic welding method for the transverse large seam of the ship hull according to claim 2, characterized in that the concrete steps of welding the filling layer in the step 3 are as follows:
firstly, aligning a welding gun on a submerged arc automatic welding machine with a weld groove, placing a solid welding wire on the lower opening of the surface of a weld of a forming layer, keeping the welding current and the welding voltage of the welding gun unchanged, increasing the welding speed to 32.3cm/min-42.8cm/min, and welding a first weld bead of a filling layer along a track;
then, the solid welding wire is placed on the upper opening of the welding seam surface of the forming layer, and the second welding pass of the filling layer is welded at a constant speed along the track at the same welding current, welding voltage and welding speed.
4. The submerged arc automatic welding method for the transverse large joint of the ship body according to claim 2, characterized in that the concrete steps of welding the cover surface layer in the step 4 are as follows:
firstly, aligning a welding gun on a submerged arc automatic welding machine with a weld groove, placing a solid welding wire on the lower opening of the surface of a weld of a filling layer, keeping the welding current and the welding voltage of the welding gun unchanged, increasing the welding speed to 50.5-55.5cm/min, and welding a first weld bead of a cover surface layer along a track;
then, placing the solid welding wire in the middle of the welding seam surface of the filling layer, and welding a second welding bead of the cover layer along the rail;
finally, the solid welding wire is placed at the upper opening of the welding seam surface of the filling layer, and the third welding pass of the cover layer is welded along the rail.
5. The submerged arc automatic welding method for the ship hull transverse large seam according to the claim 2, the 3 or the 4, characterized in that the type of the solid welding wire is GWL-14H, and the type of the welding flux is GXL-122.
6. The submerged automatic arc welding method for the transverse large joint of the ship body according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of an upper groove of the weld groove is 35 degrees, and the angle of a lower groove of the weld groove is 25 degrees.
7. The welding method of automatic submerged arc welding for the transverse large joint of the ship hull according to claim 1, wherein the rail is fixed on the workpiece to be welded through the attraction of a magnet arranged at the bottom of the rail, and the automatic submerged arc welding machine is hung on the rail.
8. The submerged arc automatic welding method for the transverse large joint of the ship hull according to claim 7, characterized in that the rail is parallel to the welding line, and an assembly gap of 0-3mm is reserved between the upper and the lower workpieces to be welded.
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| CN201810341658.7A CN108907420B (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2018-04-17 | Submerged arc automatic welding method for transverse large joint of ship body |
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| CN106334860A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-01-18 | 烟台中集来福士海洋工程有限公司 | Welding technique for F690-grade steel plate |
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