CN108896361A - With the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function in a kind of geotechnical engineering - Google Patents
With the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function in a kind of geotechnical engineering Download PDFInfo
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- CN108896361A CN108896361A CN201810453973.9A CN201810453973A CN108896361A CN 108896361 A CN108896361 A CN 108896361A CN 201810453973 A CN201810453973 A CN 201810453973A CN 108896361 A CN108896361 A CN 108896361A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/40—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for geology
Abstract
The invention discloses the similar instructional devices in a kind of geotechnical engineering with accurate prefabricated crack function, including simulation frame (1) and the coal seam (2) and other multiple rock stratum that are disposed therein, water-bearing layer (3) are provided with above the coal seam (2), water-bearing layer simulation system (4) are provided in the water-bearing layer (3), 3 fissure zones including crack are provided with above the coal seam (2), the internal bottom of simulation frame (1) is provided with infiltration water tank (901), infiltration water tank (901) is connected by the water pipe water tank external with simulation frame (1), pressure valve (902) are provided on the water pipe, multiple water seepage holes (903) are provided on the top plate of infiltration water tank (901).The similar instructional device with accurate prefabricated crack function of the invention has the advantages of experimental precision is high, at low cost, stable and reliable for performance and height restores the generation crack in actual production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geotechnical engineering and education sector, more particularly to having accurate prefabricated crack in a kind of geotechnical engineering
The similar instructional device of function.
Background technique
Recent study shows that overlying strata mining induced fissure distributional pattern changes with the advance of the face.Qian Minggao academician et al.
Overlying strata mining induced fissure is proposed in the two stages rule of development and forms round section joint ring distribution characteristics, the rigid paper of Japanese plum《Longwall top coal caving encloses
Rock activity and gas migration》Think that the distribution of overlying strata mining induced fissure spatially is " ellipse throwing band " form, Yuan Liang academician etc.
The paper of people《Strike long drill draws out methane research in working seam top plate gas drainage》Think " top plate gas drainage "
Feature, the paper of Yang Ke et al.《Mining induced fissure distribution and its evolution Feature adopt thick effect》Think that overlying strata mining induced fissure has 4
A stage evolution feature.The winged paper of vast stretch of wooded country《The similar material simulation experiment of overlying strata mining crack evolution form》With physics phase
Like simulated experiment, time and space idea and its dynamic change form that overlying strata mining induced fissure generates development are further analyzed, it is proposed that adopt
Dynamic crack evolution engineering simplification model, it is feasible for demonstrating the research that similarity simulation experiment is developed for cranny development.
Currently, it is relatively fewer for the prefabricated of three-dimensional analog simulation internal crack and development research, for the prefabricated of crack
There are no relevant researchs for process and method, mine especially for water-bearing layer lower part, and the prefabricated and differentiation in crack is all to need to grind
Study carefully.
Summary of the invention
In geotechnical engineering simple, at low cost, easy to operate that the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of structures
Similar instructional device with accurate prefabricated crack function.
With the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function in a kind of geotechnical engineering, including simulation frame and it is arranged at it
In coal seam and other multiple rock stratum, be provided with water-bearing layer above the coal seam, be provided with water-bearing layer in the water-bearing layer
Simulation system, the water-bearing layer simulation system include the water bag of rectangle, and the top plate and bottom plate of the water bag are high-intensitive plastic cement
Plate, surrounding are high-intensitive sheet, and the first intelligent pressure control water tank and the second intelligence are connected separately at left and right sides of the water bag
Energy pressure control water tank, is provided with multiple hole for water sprayings on the bottom plate of the water bag；
Be provided with above the coal seam 3 include crack fissure zones, sequentially consist of the first fissure zone, the
Two fissure zones and third fissure zone, it is long to be followed successively by 4000 × 1300mm, 3000 × 900mm and 2000 × 600mm with wide；
Bottom inside the simulation frame is provided with infiltration water tank, and the infiltration water tank passes through water pipe and the simulation frame
External water tank is connected, and is provided with pressure valve on the water pipe, is provided with multiple infiltrations on the top plate of the infiltration water tank
Hole is internally provided with composite earthwork displacement hull in the infiltration water tank.
With the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function in geotechnical engineering of the present invention, wherein the spray
Water hole totally 7 row from front to back, on the middle line for the length direction for being arranged at the water bag in the middle part of every row, the 1st row and the 7th row's
The number of the hole for water spraying is that the number of the hole for water spraying of the 30, the 2nd row and the 6th row is the 20, the 3rd row~the 5th row spray
The number in water hole is 10, and the diameter of the hole for water spraying is 2mm；
The length, width and height of the water bag are respectively 5000mm, 1500mm and 16mm, the plastic plate with a thickness of 3mm, it is described
The height of the internal cavities of water bag is 10mm, the first intelligent pressure control water tank water intake, pressure range 0-4.5MPa, described the
Two intelligent pressure control water tank water outlets, pressure range 0-3.5MPa, it is 0.1MPa that pressure maximum, which controls precision,；
When simulating beginning, the inside of the water bag is filled paraffin and is refrigerated, fixed-type, then as one layer of rock stratum paving
It is set to the position in the preset water-bearing layer, the middle part in the water-bearing layer is set, surrounding is laid with aggregate；
When just starting water inlet, the water for the use of temperature being 45 DEG C~60 DEG C slowly melts paraffin and excludes, first intelligence
The second intelligent pressure control big 1.5MPa of water tank, gradually drops to the pressure difference of 0.5MPa described in the pressure ratio of pressure control water tank in 2 hours.
With the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function in geotechnical engineering of the present invention, wherein described
It is provided with water barrier below water-bearing layer, is provided with 3 row's osmometers between the water-bearing layer and the water barrier, every row 6,
The distance between two neighboring described osmometer is 700mm on left and right directions, on front-rear direction the two neighboring osmometer it
Between distance be 450mm.
In geotechnical engineering of the present invention with accurate prefabricated crack function similar instructional device, wherein it is described every
Water layer is prepared using the material of following weight ratio：Middle sand：Blanc fixe：Talcum powder：Vaseline：Silicone oil：Cement：Water=
11.50：11.50：2.30：1.16：1.16：1：2；
The water-bearing layer is prepared using the material of following weight ratio：Middle sand：Blanc fixe：Talcum powder：Vaseline：Silicon
Oil：Cement：Water=11.50：11.50：2.30：1.65：0.56：1：2.
Similar instructional device in geotechnical engineering of the present invention with accurate prefabricated crack function further includes comforting automatically
Flat pressurization aggregate device is flexibly connected hydraulic branch including the support rod above the simulation frame is arranged on the support rod
Column, the hydraulic prop can be free to slide in the lateral direction along the support rod, connect in the lower end of the hydraulic prop
There are flattening device or squeeze board, the flattening device is fixed on the lower end of the hydraulic prop by rotary shaft, described to smooth dress
It sets including swingle and the wheel that smooths for being fixed on its lower end, the wheel that smooths is made of the steel body of rod of multiple arcs, the rotation
Shaft includes that sequentially connected first pillar card slot, rotating electric machine and driven shaft, the rotary shaft further include transmission from top to bottom
The middle part of the rotating electric machine is arranged in bar, the upper end of the drive rod, and the bottom of the driven shaft is arranged in lower end；
It is respectively arranged with a fixed pillar in the two sides of the simulation frame, lifting dress is provided on the fixed pillar
It sets, the both ends of the support rod are separately fixed on two lifting devices；
The first pillar card slot is fixed on the lower end of the hydraulic prop, the lower part of the driven shaft and the swingle
Top be provided with mutually matched helicitic texture, the quantity of the steel body of rod of the arc is 4, and the wheel that smooths can be suitable
Hour hands and counterclockwise rotation；
The squeeze board is circle, and the top of the squeeze board is provided with the second pillar card slot, is fixed on described hydraulic
The lower end of pillar.
With the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function in geotechnical engineering of the present invention, wherein described solid
Determining the distance between pillar and the simulation frame is 2000mm, and the internal diameter of the first pillar card slot is 60mm, outer diameter 80mm,
Height is 50mm, and it is highly 50mm that the diameter of the rotating electric machine, which is 80mm, and the diameter of the drive rod is 15mm, and length is
The diameter of 150mm, the driven shaft are 50mm, are highly 50mm；The diameter of a circle for smoothing wheel rotation formation is 1800mm,
The swingle is hollow structure, length 400-600mm, internal diameter 50mm；The internal diameter of the second pillar card slot is 60mm,
The diameter and thickness of the squeeze board is respectively 1700mm and 8mm, and material is iron；
The method that aggregate in three-dimensional analog simulation device is laid with is carried out using the automatic smoothing pressurization aggregate device,
Include the following steps：
Step 1: determining the simulated thickness for the aggregate that each layer needs to be laid with, and then really according to model needs and the likelihood ratio
Determine the relationship between the height and the hydraulic prop length of the lifting device, wheel and the simulation frame top are smoothed described in guarantee
The distance between portion is：Depth of stratum/k is simulated, k is compactness, is 94%；
Step 2: simulation depth of stratum according to demand, determines the aggregate amount of each layering, according to 20% redundancy
Prepare raw material；
Step 3: set up model, the height of the fixed lifting device and the hydraulic prop, smooth described in guarantee wheel and
The simulation frame bottom plate distance is：Height/k of first simulation layering pours into the first simulation layering that blender is stirred
Aggregate, starting smooth wheel, rotate clockwise it, and move back and forth 1 bout in the simulation frame, guarantee aggregate it is basic
It is laid with plain, smooths wheel described in the rotation of another mistake hour hands, move back and forth 1 bout in the simulation frame, guarantee that extra aggregate is arranged
Except arriving around the entire simulation frame, manual cleaning is once；
Step 4: unloading the flattening device, the squeeze board is installed on the hydraulic prop, is compacted to described first
On the aggregate for simulating layering, compaction pressure 2000KN rises after having pressed, is moved along 800mm, continues to be compacted, until pressure
It finishes in fact；
Step 5: pouring into the aggregate of second layer simulation rock stratum, the process of deployment in step 3 and step 4 is repeated；
Step 6: the squeeze board on the hydraulic prop is unloaded after being laid with the last layer, on the simulation frame
Side is laid with several iron blocks, re-lays one piece of iron plate above it, length, the width and thickness of the iron plate be respectively 5500mm,
1900mm and 10mm, the hydraulic prop are pressed on the iron plate, realize the pressure replacement of overlying rock.
With the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function in geotechnical engineering of the present invention, wherein described to split
Gap is made using crack fabricated device, and the crack fabricated device includes squeeze grip, pedestal and is disposed there between
Elastic interlayer, the squeeze grip is cuboid, including four the first side walls and top plate, the pedestal is cuboid, including
Four second sidewalls and bottom plate are connected between the squeeze grip and the pedestal by multiple Elastic plastic-rubbers, and the pressing
There is certain interval between handle and the pedestal, form the elastic interlayer；The crack fabricated device includes multiple splits
Gap preparing department, the crack preparing department include fixing axle, boosting blade, crack blade and slideway；
The fixing axle is located at the inside of the squeeze grip, and both ends are separately fixed at described positioned at front side and rear side
In one side wall, the slideway is the hollow structure of strip, and upper end is fixed in the pedestal by slideway rotary shaft, the cunning
Road is two, is separately positioned on the left and right sides of the fixing axle, and the boosting blade is two, and upper end is connected to the fixation
On axis, the lower end of each boosting blade is respectively connected with a crack blade, and the crack blade is applied in the slideway；
The crack fabricated device includes the first control shaft and the second control shaft, first control shaft and all cracks
The lower end of the slideway positioned at left side of preparing department is connected, and first through hole, first control are provided on the left of the pedestal
The left end of axis is pierced by from the first through hole, the slideway positioned at right side of second control shaft and all crack preparing department
Lower end be connected, be provided with the second through-hole on the right side of the pedestal, the right end of second control shaft is from second through-hole
In be pierced by, be provided with fixing buckle at left and right sides of the pedestal, the lower end of the fixing buckle be provided with rubber, the rubber
It is contacted with first control shaft and second control shaft；It is provided on the bottom plate of the pedestal multiple for the crack knife
The long stripes through hole that piece passes through.
With the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function in geotechnical engineering of the present invention, wherein described to press
The height of the top plate a length of 800mm, width 200mm, thickness 45mm of handle hand, the first side wall are 55mm, and material is
Plastics；A length of 800mm of the bottom plate of the pedestal, width 200mm, thickness 200mm, the height of the second sidewall are
15mm；The height of the Elastic plastic-rubber is 200mm, and anterior-posterior length 200mm, left and right width is 20mm, is compressed under 10kg pressure
Range is less than 100mm；
Upper and lower a length of 140mm of the boosting blade, thickness 3mm, front and back width be 200mm, the crack blade up and down
A length of 300mm, thickness 1.5mm, front and back width are 200mm；A length of 150mm of the slideway, wall thickness 2mm, front and back width are
200mm, it is hollow with a thickness of 3.5mm；The material of the boosting blade, the crack blade and the slideway is iron.
With the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function in geotechnical engineering of the present invention, wherein the mould
Quasi- frame is rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the infiltration water tank is rectangle, is made of PVC material.
With the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function in geotechnical engineering of the present invention, wherein the mould
The length, width and height of quasi- frame are respectively 4000mm, 2500mm and 3000mm, the length, width and height of the infiltration water tank be respectively 4000mm,
2500mm and 100mm, the diameter of the water seepage hole are 1mm, and the distance between two neighboring described water seepage hole is 50mm；It is described multiple
It closes soil engineering drainage body to be formed by high pressure polyethylene extrusion process, two sides has different rib and groove, voidage 80-
Under 95%, 250KPa pressure, compression ratio is lower than 10%.
With the similar instructional device difference from prior art of accurate prefabricated crack function in geotechnical engineering of the present invention
It is：
Similar instructional device in geotechnical engineering of the present invention with accurate prefabricated crack function can be in three-dimensional analog simulation
The crack of internal prefabricated different type, different depth, different densities and different angle, for practical in real simulation geotechnical engineering
The cracking in crack and development play a significant role；
Matched aggregate compaction apparatus can uniformly densely be compacted aggregate, this is to form prefabricated crack basis original up to standard
Cause, conventional means compacting aggregate will cause that compaction is uneven, the formation quality in crack can not be ensured, same blade
The crack of formation has different degrees of collapsing etc.；
The similar instructional device in geotechnical engineering of the invention with accurate prefabricated crack function is made with reference to the accompanying drawing
It further illustrates.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the similar instructional device in geotechnical engineering of the present invention with accurate prefabricated crack function；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of water-bearing layer simulation system in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of automatic smoothing of the present invention pressurization aggregate device；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of rotary shaft in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the bottom view of flattening device in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of squeeze board in the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of last compacting process during being laid in the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of prefabricated crack device in the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram that water tank is permeated in the present invention；
Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram that the top plate of water tank is permeated in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Fig. 1~Figure 10, with the similar instructional device packet of accurate prefabricated crack function in geotechnical engineering of the present invention
The coal seam 2 and other multiple rock stratum for including simulation frame 1 and being disposed therein, are provided with water-bearing layer 3, in water-bearing layer 3 above coal seam 2
In be provided with water-bearing layer simulation system 4, water-bearing layer simulation system 4 includes the water bag 401 of rectangle, the top plate and bottom plate of water bag 401
For high-intensitive plastic plate, surrounding is high-intensitive sheet, and the left and right sides of water bag 401 is connected separately with the first intelligent pressure control
Water tank 402 and the second intelligent pressure control water tank 403, are provided with multiple hole for water sprayings 404 on the bottom plate of water bag 401.
The top in the coal seam 2 be provided with 3 include crack fissure zones, sequentially consist of the first fissure zone,
Second fissure zone and third fissure zone, it is long to be followed successively by 4000 × 1300mm, 3000 × 900mm and 2000 × 600mm with wide；
Bottom inside the simulation frame 1 is provided with infiltration water tank 901, and the infiltration water tank 901 passes through water pipe and institute
It states the water tank outside simulation frame 1 to be connected, pressure valve 902 is provided on the water pipe, on the top plate of the infiltration water tank 901
Multiple water seepage holes 903 are provided with, are internally provided with composite earthwork displacement hull in the infiltration water tank 901.
The following are optimal technical schemes：
Totally 7 row from front to back of hole for water spraying 404, on the middle line for the length direction for being arranged at water bag 401 in the middle part of every row,
The number of the hole for water spraying 404 of 1 row and the 7th row is that the number of the hole for water spraying 404 of the 30, the 2nd row and the 6th row is the 20, the 3rd row~5
The number of the hole for water spraying 404 of row is 10, and the diameter of hole for water spraying 404 is 2mm；The length, width and height of water bag 401 be respectively 5000mm,
1500mm and 16mm, plastic plate with a thickness of 3mm, the height of the internal cavities of water bag 401 is 10mm, the first intelligent pressure control water tank
402 water inlets, pressure range 0-4.5MPa, the second intelligent pressure control water tank 403 are discharged, and pressure range 0-3.5MPa, pressure is most
Big control precision is 0.1MPa.
When simulating beginning, the inside of water bag 401 is filled paraffin and is refrigerated, fixed-type, then as one layer of rock stratum paving
It is set to the position in preset water-bearing layer 3, the middle part in water-bearing layer 3 is set, surrounding is laid with aggregate；Such design can guarantee
The mobility for excluding liquid water bag 401, does not influence the compacting of model.It the use of temperature is 45 DEG C~60 DEG C when just starting water inlet
Water slowly melts paraffin and excludes, the big 1.5MPa of intelligent pressure control water tank 403 of pressure ratio second of the first intelligent pressure control water tank 402,
Gradually drop to the pressure difference of 0.5MPa in 2 hours.Such mobility can both exclude the paraffin melted, and can simulate and contain
3 mobility status of water layer.
The lower section in water-bearing layer 3 is provided with water barrier 5,3 row's osmometers 8 are provided between water-bearing layer 3 and water barrier 5,
Every row 6, the distance between two neighboring osmometer 8 is 700mm, two neighboring osmometer 8 on front-rear direction on left and right directions
The distance between be 450mm.
Water barrier 5 is prepared using the material of following weight ratio：Middle sand：Blanc fixe：Talcum powder：Vaseline：Silicone oil：
Cement：Water=11.50：11.50：2.30：1.16：1.16：1：2；
Water-bearing layer 3 is prepared using the material of following weight ratio：Middle sand：Blanc fixe：Talcum powder：Vaseline：Silicone oil：
Cement：Water=11.50：11.50：2.30：1.65：0.56：1：2.
The invention also includes automatic smoothing pressurization aggregate devices, including the support rod above the simulation frame is arranged in,
Hydraulic prop is flexibly connected on the support rod, the hydraulic prop can be along support rod free skating in the lateral direction
It is dynamic, it is connected with flattening device or squeeze board in the lower end of the hydraulic prop, the flattening device is fixed on institute by rotary shaft
The lower end of hydraulic prop is stated, the flattening device includes swingle and the wheel that smooths for being fixed on its lower end, and the wheel that smooths is by more
The steel body of rod of a arc is constituted, the rotary shaft include from top to bottom sequentially connected first pillar card slot, rotating electric machine and
Driven shaft, the rotary shaft further include drive rod, and the middle part of the rotating electric machine is arranged in the upper end of the drive rod, and lower end is set
It sets in the bottom of the driven shaft；
It is respectively arranged with a fixed pillar in the two sides of the simulation frame, lifting dress is provided on the fixed pillar
It sets, the both ends of the support rod are separately fixed on two lifting devices；
The first pillar card slot is fixed on the lower end of the hydraulic prop, the lower part of the driven shaft and the swingle
Top be provided with mutually matched helicitic texture, the quantity of the steel body of rod of the arc is 4, and the wheel that smooths can be suitable
Hour hands and counterclockwise rotation；
The squeeze board is circle, and the top of the squeeze board is provided with the second pillar card slot, is fixed on described hydraulic
The lower end of pillar.
The distance between the fixed pillar and the simulation frame are 2000mm, and the internal diameter of the first pillar card slot is
60mm, outer diameter 80mm are highly 50mm, and it is highly 50mm that the diameter of the rotating electric machine, which is 80mm, the drive rod it is straight
Diameter is 15mm, and it is highly 50mm that the diameter of length 150mm, the driven shaft, which are 50mm,；The circle for smoothing wheel rotation and being formed
Diameter be 1800mm, the swingle be hollow structure, length 400-600mm, internal diameter 50mm；The second pillar card
The internal diameter of slot is 60mm, and the diameter and thickness of the squeeze board is respectively 1700mm and 8mm, and material is iron.
The method for carrying out aggregate laying using the automatic smoothing pressurization aggregate device, includes the following steps：
Step 1: determining the simulated thickness for the aggregate that each layer needs to be laid with, and then really according to model needs and the likelihood ratio
Determine the relationship between the height and the hydraulic prop length of the lifting device, wheel and the simulation frame top are smoothed described in guarantee
The distance between portion is：Depth of stratum/k is simulated, k is compactness, is 94%；
Step 2: simulation depth of stratum according to demand, determines the aggregate amount of each layering, according to 20% redundancy
Prepare raw material；
Step 3: set up model, the height of the fixed lifting device and the hydraulic prop, smooth described in guarantee wheel and
The simulation frame bottom plate distance is：Height/k of first simulation layering pours into the first simulation layering that blender is stirred
Aggregate, starting smooth wheel, rotate clockwise it, and move back and forth 1 bout in the simulation frame, guarantee aggregate it is basic
It is laid with plain, smooths wheel described in the rotation of another mistake hour hands, move back and forth 1 bout in the simulation frame, guarantee that extra aggregate is arranged
Except arriving around the entire simulation frame, manual cleaning is once；
Step 4: unloading the flattening device, the squeeze board is installed on the hydraulic prop, is compacted to described first
On the aggregate for simulating layering, compaction pressure 2000KN rises after having pressed, is moved along 800mm, continues to be compacted, until pressure
It finishes in fact；
Step 5: pouring into the aggregate of second layer simulation rock stratum, the process of deployment in step 3 and step 4 is repeated；
Step 6: the squeeze board on the hydraulic prop is unloaded after being laid with the last layer, on the simulation frame
Side is laid with several iron blocks, re-lays one piece of iron plate above it, length, the width and thickness of the iron plate be respectively 5500mm,
1900mm and 10mm, the hydraulic prop are pressed on the iron plate, realize the pressure replacement of overlying rock.
Crack is made using crack fabricated device, and crack fabricated device includes squeeze grip 601, pedestal 602 and sets
Elastic interlayer between is set, squeeze grip 601 is cuboid, including four the first side walls and top plate, and pedestal 602 is length
Cube, including four second sidewalls and bottom plate are connected between squeeze grip 601 and pedestal 602 by multiple Elastic plastic-rubbers 603,
And there is certain interval between squeeze grip 601 and pedestal 602, form elastic interlayer；Crack fabricated device includes multiple splits
Gap preparing department, crack preparing department include fixing axle 604, boosting blade 605, crack blade 606 and slideway 607；
Fixing axle 604 is located at the inside of squeeze grip 601, and both ends are separately fixed at the first side wall positioned at front side and rear side
On, slideway 607 is the hollow structure of strip, and upper end is fixed in pedestal 602 by slideway rotary shaft 608, and slideway 607 is two
It is a, it is separately positioned on the left and right sides of fixing axle 604, boosting blade 605 is two, and upper end is connected in fixing axle 604, each
The lower end of boosting blade 605 is respectively connected with a crack blade 606, and crack blade 606 is applied in slideway 607；
Crack fabricated device includes the first control shaft 609 and the second control shaft 610, and the first control shaft 609 is split with all
The lower end of the slideway 607 positioned at left side of gap preparing department is connected, and the left side of pedestal 602 is provided with first through hole, the first control
The left end of axis 609 is pierced by from first through hole, the slideway positioned at right side of the second control shaft 610 and all crack preparing department
607 lower end is connected, and the right side of pedestal 602 is provided with the second through-hole, the right end of the second control shaft 610 is worn from the second through-hole
Out, the left and right sides of pedestal 602 is provided with fixing buckle 611, the lower end of fixing buckle 611 is provided with rubber, rubber and first
Control shaft 609 and the contact of the second control shaft 610；The upper end of fixing buckle 611 is in the outside of pedestal 602, after regulating angle,
Fixing buckle 611 is pressed, allows rubber and the first control shaft 609 and the second control shaft 610 to be in close contact and apply pressure, passes through friction
Power plays fixed function.Multiple long stripes through holes passed through for crack blade 606 are provided on the bottom plate of pedestal 602.It is fixed
Button 611 is the conventional structure that arbitrarily can be adjusted and fix up and down, such as fixing buckle in the prior art 611 below：
Including the vertical fixed part to link together and horizontal press section, hole is provided on pedestal 602, and (limit of strip is sliding
Road), one end of press section is pierced by from hole, manual pressing up and down or the position for above mentioning the adjustable fixed part in press section, from
And play purpose that is fixed or loosening the first control shaft 609 and the second control shaft 610.
The top plate of squeeze grip 601 a length of 800mm, width 200mm, thickness 45mm, the height of the first side wall are 55mm, material
Matter is plastics；A length of 800mm of the bottom plate of pedestal 602, width 200mm, thickness 200mm, the height of second sidewall are 15mm；Bullet
Property plastic cement 603 height be 200mm, anterior-posterior length 200mm, left and right width be 20mm, compression zone is less than under 10kg pressure
100mm；
Upper and lower a length of 140mm of boosting blade 605, thickness 3mm, front and back width are 200mm, and crack blade 606 is grown up and down
For 300mm, thickness 1.5mm, front and back width is 200mm；A length of 150mm of slideway 607, wall thickness 2mm, front and back width are 200mm, in
It is empty with a thickness of 3.5mm；The material of boosting blade 605, crack blade 606 and slideway 607 is iron.
The method that crack production is carried out using crack fabricated device of the invention：The shape and method in crack are not limited to as follows
Type is only citing：
Λ type crack：
It is formulated according to experiment and requires to be laid with simulation rock stratum aggregate, comforted material, pave and be compacted, be routed to and need prefabricated crack
When rock stratum, crack fabricated device is begun to use to make crack；
According to the requirement for the fracture density that experiment is formulated, the spacing of crack fabricated device middle slideway 607 is adjusted, adjusting is passed through
First control shaft 609 and the second control shaft 610 leak out the length of pedestal 602 and press fixing buckle 611, expand or reduce slideway
607 602 exposed portion of pedestal distance, reach experiment demand；
By crack fabricated device, the requirement for the fracture density formulated according to experiment is adjusted slideway 607 and is exposed in pedestal 602
Partial distance, be placed with simulation rock stratum top, slowly at the uniform velocity press squeeze grip 601, according to experiment formulate crack
The requirement of length, the distance pressed down are equal to the length in crack, can't allow crack fabricated device that side occurs in whole process
To sliding, then slowly release squeeze grip 601, withdraw crack blade 606；Crack fabricated device is picked up, along
Crack fabricated device, i.e. L are put down at the distance of the mobile crack spacing of crack fabricated device length direction, is placed in simulation rock
Layer top, slowly at the uniform velocity press squeeze grip 601, according to experiment formulate crack length requirement, press down away from
From the length for being equal to crack, it can't allow crack fabricated device that lateral sliding occurs in whole process, then slowly release,
In this way, completing the prefabricated of one, Λ type crack model value, according to the area that experiment needs, multiple models are completed in the manner described above
The prefabricated amount in crack.
Simulation frame 1 is rectangular parallelepiped structure, and infiltration water tank 901 is rectangle, is made of PVC material.Composite earthwork displacement hull is high
Pressure polyethylene extrusion process forms, and two sides has different rib and groove, relatively other soft to adapt to aqueous and draining needs
Matter plastic plate has good rigidity, and to keeping drainage cavity advantageous, material specific gravity is smaller, low in cost, due to being three-dimensional knot
The problem of structure, under voidage 80-95%, 250KPa pressure, compression ratio is lower than 10%, and not water flowing is not present, without examining
Worry can be damaged by pressure by soil pressure.
The length, width and height of simulation frame 1 are respectively 4000mm, 2500mm and 3000mm, and the length, width and height of infiltration water tank 901 are respectively
4000mm, 2500mm and 100mm, the diameter of water seepage hole 903 are 1mm, and the distance between two neighboring water seepage hole 903 is 50mm.
Embodiment described above only describe the preferred embodiments of the invention, not to model of the invention
It encloses and is defined, without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are to technical side of the invention
The various changes and improvements that case is made should all be fallen into the protection scope that claims of the present invention determines.
Claims (10)
1. with the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function in a kind of geotechnical engineering, it is characterised in that：Including simulating frame
(1) and the coal seam (2) and other multiple rock stratum that are disposed therein, water-bearing layer (3) are provided with above the coal seam (2), in institute
It states and is provided in water-bearing layer (3) water-bearing layer simulation system (4), the water-bearing layer simulation system (4) includes the water bag of rectangle
(401), the top plate and bottom plate of the water bag (401) are high-intensitive plastic plate, and surrounding is high-intensitive sheet, the water bag
(401) the first intelligent pressure control water tank (402) and the second intelligent pressure control water tank (403) are connected separately at left and right sides of, described
Multiple hole for water sprayings (404) are provided on the bottom plate of water bag (401)；
Be provided with above the coal seam (2) 3 include crack fissure zones, sequentially consist of the first fissure zone, the
Two fissure zones and third fissure zone, it is long to be followed successively by 4000 × 1300mm, 3000 × 900mm and 2000 × 600mm with wide；
The internal bottom of simulation frame (1) is provided with infiltration water tank (901), the infiltration water tank (901) by water pipe and
The external water tank of simulation frame (1) is connected, and pressure valve (902) is provided on the water pipe, in the infiltration water tank (901)
Top plate on be provided with multiple water seepage holes (903), be internally provided with composite earthwork displacement hull in infiltration water tank (901).
2. with the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function, feature in geotechnical engineering according to claim 1
It is：The hole for water spraying (404) totally 7 row from front to back is arranged at the length direction of the water bag (401) in the middle part of every row
On middle line, the number of the hole for water spraying (404) of the 1st row and the 7th row is the hole for water spraying (404) of the 30, the 2nd row and the 6th row
Number be the number of the 20, the 3rd row~the 5th row hole for water spraying (404) be 10, the diameter of the hole for water spraying (404) is
2mm；
The length, width and height of the water bag (401) are respectively 5000mm, 1500mm and 16mm, the plastic plate with a thickness of 3mm, it is described
The height of the internal cavities of water bag (401) is 10mm, and the described first intelligent pressure control water tank (402) is intake, pressure range 0-
4.5MPa, the described second intelligent pressure control water tank (403) are discharged, pressure range 0-3.5MPa, and pressure maximum control precision is
0.1MPa；
When simulating beginning, the inside of the water bag (401) is filled paraffin and is refrigerated, fixed-type, is then used as one layer of rock stratum
It is routed to the position of the preset water-bearing layer (3), is arranged at the middle part of the water-bearing layer (3), surrounding is laid with aggregate；
When just starting water inlet, the water for the use of temperature being 45 DEG C~60 DEG C slowly melts paraffin and excludes, the described first intelligent pressure control
Second intelligence pressure control water tank (403) big 1.5MPa, gradually drops to 0.5MPa's described in the pressure ratio of water tank (402) in 2 hours
Pressure difference.
3. with the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function, feature in geotechnical engineering according to claim 2
It is：Water barrier (5) are provided with below the water-bearing layer (3), between the water-bearing layer (3) and the water barrier (5)
3 row's osmometers (8) are provided with, every row 6, the distance between two neighboring described osmometer (8) is 700mm on left and right directions,
The distance between two neighboring described osmometer (8) is 450mm on front-rear direction.
4. with the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function, feature in geotechnical engineering according to claim 3
It is：The water barrier (5) is prepared using the material of following weight ratio：Middle sand：Blanc fixe：Talcum powder：Vaseline：Silicon
Oil：Cement：Water=11.50：11.50：2.30：1.16：1.16：1：2；
The water-bearing layer (3) is prepared using the material of following weight ratio：Middle sand：Blanc fixe：Talcum powder：Vaseline：Silicon
Oil：Cement：Water=11.50：11.50：2.30：1.65：0.56：1：2.
5. with the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function, feature in geotechnical engineering according to claim 4
It is：It further include automatic smoothing pressurization aggregate device, including the support rod (502) above simulation frame (1) is arranged, in institute
Stating flexible connection hydraulic prop (503), the hydraulic prop (503) on support rod (502) can exist along the support rod (502)
It is free to slide on left and right directions, it is connected with flattening device (504) or squeeze board (505) in the lower end of the hydraulic prop (503),
The flattening device (504) is fixed on the lower end of the hydraulic prop (503), the flattening device by rotary shaft (506)
(504) include swingle (516) and be fixed on smoothing wheel (517) for its lower end, the wheel (517) that smooths is by the steel of multiple arcs
The body of rod processed is constituted, and the rotary shaft (506) includes sequentially connected first pillar card slot (507), rotating electric machine from top to bottom
(508) and driven shaft (509), the rotary shaft (506) further include drive rod (510), the upper end setting of the drive rod (510)
At the middle part of the rotating electric machine (508), lower end is arranged in the bottom of the driven shaft (509)；
It is respectively arranged with a fixed pillar (511) in the two sides of simulation frame (1), is set on the fixed pillar (511)
It is equipped with lifting device (512), the both ends of the support rod (502) are separately fixed on two lifting devices (512)；
The first pillar card slot (507) is fixed on the lower end of the hydraulic prop (503), the lower part of the driven shaft (509)
The top of the swingle (516) is provided with mutually matched helicitic texture, the quantity of the steel body of rod of the arc is 4
A, the wheel (517) that smooths can be rotated both clockwise and counterclockwise；
The squeeze board (505) is circle, and the top of the squeeze board (505) is provided with the second pillar card slot (513), fixed
In the lower end of the hydraulic prop (503).
6. with the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function, feature in geotechnical engineering according to claim 5
It is：The distance between the fixed pillar (511) and the simulation frame (1) are 2000mm, the first pillar card slot (507)
Internal diameter be 60mm, outer diameter 80mm, be highly 50mm, it is highly 50mm that the diameter of the rotating electric machine (508), which is 80mm,
The diameter of the drive rod (510) is 15mm, and the diameter of length 150mm, the driven shaft (509) are 50mm, is highly
50mm；The diameter of a circle for smoothing wheel (517) rotation formation is 1800mm, and the swingle (516) is hollow structure, length
For 400-600mm, internal diameter 50mm；The internal diameter of the second pillar card slot (513) be 60mm, the squeeze board (505) it is straight
Diameter and thickness are respectively 1700mm and 8mm, and material is iron；
The method that aggregate in three-dimensional analog simulation device is laid with is carried out using the automatic smoothing pressurization aggregate device, including
Following steps：
Step 1: determining the simulated thickness for the aggregate that each layer needs to be laid with, and then determine institute according to model needs and the likelihood ratio
State the relationship between the height of lifting device (512) and the hydraulic prop (503) length, smoothed described in guarantee wheel (517) with
It is the distance between at the top of the simulation frame (1)：Depth of stratum/k is simulated, k is compactness, is 94%；
Step 2: simulation depth of stratum according to demand, determines the aggregate amount of each layering, prepare according to 20% redundancy
Raw material；
Step 3: setting up model, the height of the lifting device (512) and the hydraulic prop (503) is fixed, is comforted described in guarantee
Flat wheel (517) and simulation frame (1) the bottom plate distance are：Height/k of first simulation layering, pours into the institute that blender is stirred
The aggregate of the first simulation layering is stated, starting smooths wheel (517), rotates clockwise it, and moves back in the simulation frame (1)
1 bout is moved, it is plain to guarantee that aggregate is laid with substantially, wheel (517) are smoothed described in the rotation of another mistake hour hands, in the simulation frame (1)
Move back and forth 1 bout, guarantees that extra aggregate is rejected to around the entire simulation frame (1), manual cleaning is once；
Step 4: unloading the flattening device (504), install the squeeze board (505), presses on the hydraulic prop (503)
On the aggregate of first simulation layering described in actual arrival, compaction pressure 2000KN rises after having pressed, is moved along 800mm, continues
Compacting, until compacting finishes；
Step 5: pouring into the aggregate of second layer simulation rock stratum, the process of deployment in step 3 and step 4 is repeated；
Step 6: the squeeze board (505) on the hydraulic prop (503) is unloaded, in the mould after being laid with the last layer
It is laid with several iron blocks (514) above quasi- frame (1), re-lays one piece of iron plate (515) above it, the length of the iron plate (515),
Width and thickness is respectively 5500mm, 1900mm and 10mm, and the hydraulic prop (503) is pressed on the iron plate (515), is realized
The pressure replacement of overlying rock.
7. with the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function, feature in geotechnical engineering according to claim 6
It is：The crack is made using crack fabricated device, and the crack fabricated device includes squeeze grip (601), pedestal
(602) and the elastic interlayer that is disposed there between, the squeeze grip (601) is cuboid, including four the first side walls and
Top plate, the pedestal (602) are cuboid, including four second sidewalls and bottom plate, the squeeze grip (601) and the pedestal
(602) it is connected between by multiple Elastic plastic-rubbers (603), and is had between the squeeze grip (601) and the pedestal (602)
Certain interval forms the elastic interlayer；The crack fabricated device includes multiple crack preparing department, the crack preparing department
Including fixing axle (604), boosting blade (605), crack blade (606) and slideway (607)；
The fixing axle (604) is located at the inside of the squeeze grip (601), and both ends are separately fixed at positioned at front side and rear side
On the first side wall, the slideway (607) is the hollow structure of strip, and upper end is fixed on by slideway rotary shaft (608)
In the pedestal (602), the slideway (607) is two, is separately positioned on the left and right sides of the fixing axle (604), described
Boosting blade (605) is two, and upper end is connected on the fixing axle (604), and the lower end of each boosting blade (605) is equal
It is connected with a crack blade (606), the crack blade (606) is applied in the slideway (607)；
The crack fabricated device includes the first control shaft (609) and the second control shaft (610), first control shaft (609)
It is connected with the lower end of the slideway (607) positioned at left side of all crack preparing department, is provided on the left of the pedestal (602)
The left end of first through hole, first control shaft (609) is pierced by from the first through hole, second control shaft (610) with
The lower end of the slideway (607) positioned at right side of all crack preparing department is connected, and the is provided on the right side of the pedestal (602)
The right end of two through-holes, second control shaft (610) is pierced by from second through-hole, in the left and right two of the pedestal (602)
Side is provided with fixing buckle (611), and the lower end of the fixing buckle (611) is provided with rubber, the rubber and first control
Axis (609) and second control shaft (610) contact；It is provided on the bottom plate of the pedestal (602) multiple for the crack
The long stripes through hole that blade (606) passes through.
8. with the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function, feature in geotechnical engineering according to claim 7
It is：The top plate a length of 800mm, width 200mm, thickness 45mm of the squeeze grip (601), the height of the first side wall
Degree is 55mm, and material is plastics；A length of 800mm of the bottom plate of the pedestal (602), width 200mm, thickness 200mm, institute
The height for stating second sidewall is 15mm；The height of the Elastic plastic-rubber (603) is 200mm, anterior-posterior length 200mm, and left and right is wide
For 20mm, compression zone is less than 100mm under 10kg pressure；
Upper and lower a length of 140mm of the boosting blade (605), thickness 3mm, front and back width are 200mm, the crack blade (606)
Upper and lower a length of 300mm, thickness 1.5mm, front and back width be 200mm；A length of 150mm of the slideway (607), wall thickness 2mm, it is preceding
Width is 200mm afterwards, hollow with a thickness of 3.5mm；The boosting blade (605), the crack blade (606) and the slideway
(607) material is iron.
9. with the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function, feature in geotechnical engineering according to claim 8
It is：The simulation frame (1) is rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the infiltration water tank (901) is rectangle, is made of PVC material.
10. with the similar instructional device of accurate prefabricated crack function, feature in geotechnical engineering according to claim 9
It is：The length, width and height of simulation frame (1) are respectively 4000mm, 2500mm and 3000mm, the length and width of infiltration water tank (901)
Height is respectively 4000mm, 2500mm and 100mm, and the diameter of the water seepage hole (903) is 1mm, the two neighboring water seepage hole
It the distance between (903) is 50mm；The composite earthwork displacement hull is formed by high pressure polyethylene extrusion process, and two sides has difference
Rib and groove, under voidage 80-95%, 250KPa pressure, compression ratio is lower than 10%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112964522A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-15 | 防灾科技学院 | Rock mass physical simulation coplane fracture zone prefabricating device |
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