CN108894786B - Rock directional fracturing system - Google Patents
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- CN108894786B CN108894786B CN201810890519.XA CN201810890519A CN108894786B CN 108894786 B CN108894786 B CN 108894786B CN 201810890519 A CN201810890519 A CN 201810890519A CN 108894786 B CN108894786 B CN 108894786B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C45/00—Methods of hydraulic mining; Hydraulic monitors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a directional rock fracturing system. The directional rock fracturing system comprises: the rock test sample is provided with a longitudinal fracturing hole, and the inner wall of the fracturing hole is provided with a guide groove; the pressurizing device is internally provided with a rock sample accommodating space and is used for pressurizing the rock sample; and the monitoring device is connected with the pressurizing device and comprises a pressure monitoring piece and an acoustic emission monitoring piece. The rock directional fracturing system can be used for developing conventional rock hydraulic fracturing indoor tests and directional hydraulic fracturing indoor tests for generating hydraulic fractures in specific directions, and can be used for monitoring axial pressure, confining pressure, strain, acoustic emission, water injection pressure, fracturing time and the like in the test process in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mining rock mechanics, in particular to a rock directional fracturing system.
Background
The directional hydraulic fracturing technology plays an important role in the pretreatment of mining rock by a natural caving method of hard rock metal ore, and determines the caving property, the broken lumpiness and the production efficiency of the ore rock and the like. However, the field industrial test environment of the directional hydraulic fracturing is complex and the internal conditions of the rock mass before and after the test can not be completely understood, so that randomness and uncertainty exist in effect evaluation and mechanism analysis of the industrial test. The numerical simulation test can intuitively reflect the test effect, but the rock (body) material defined in the numerical simulation cannot completely reflect the real rock (body) characteristics (particularly the rock fracture characteristics), so that the reliability and the authenticity of the numerical simulation result cannot be guaranteed.
Thus, directional hydraulic fracturing test systems are under investigation.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, one objective of the present invention is to provide a rock directional fracturing system, which can be used for developing a conventional rock hydraulic fracturing indoor test and a directional hydraulic fracturing indoor test for generating hydraulic fractures in a specific direction, and can monitor the axial pressure, the confining pressure, the strain, the water injection pressure, the fracturing time and the like in the test process in real time, and monitor the change of microseismic signals in the hydraulic fracturing process by using an acoustic emission monitoring part, so as to analyze the rock directional hydraulic fracturing process and mechanism from a micro and microscopic angle.
According to one aspect of the invention, a directional fracturing system for rock is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the system comprises: the rock test sample is provided with a longitudinal fracturing hole, and the inner wall of the fracturing hole is provided with a guide groove; the pressurizing device is internally provided with a rock sample accommodating space and is used for pressurizing the rock sample; and the monitoring device is connected with the pressurizing device and comprises a pressure monitoring piece and an acoustic emission monitoring piece.
According to the rock directional fracturing system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the guide groove is formed on the inner wall of the fracturing hole, and water is soaked into the guide groove by injecting high-pressure water, so that a rock sample generates a directional fracture along the guide of the guide groove, the rock directional fracturing system can carry out a directional hydraulic fracturing indoor test for generating hydraulic fractures in a specific direction, real-time monitoring can be carried out on axial pressure, confining pressure, strain, water injection pressure, fracturing time and the like in the test process, meanwhile, a sound emission monitoring piece is used for monitoring the change of microseismic signals in the hydraulic fracturing process, and further the rock directional hydraulic fracturing process and mechanism can be analyzed from a micro and microscopic angle. In addition, the rock directional fracturing system is suitable for rock with different strength characteristics to carry out directional hydraulic fracturing tests, can be used for metal ore rocks and coal rocks, and can also be used for rocks such as sandstone and shale in unconventional oil gas development and geothermal development.
In addition, the directional rock cracking system according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
according to an embodiment of the invention, the guide grooves comprise radial guide grooves and/or axial guide grooves, wherein the radial guide grooves are circumferentially arranged along the inner wall of the fracturing hole, the axial guide grooves are vertically arranged along the inner wall of the fracturing hole, and the axial guide grooves are axially symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the rock sample.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal section of the radial guide groove is triangular or trapezoidal.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the longitudinal dimension of the radial guide groove is 1/20-1/10 of the height of the rock test sample, and the transverse dimension of the radial guide groove is not more than 1/10 of the transverse diameter of the rock test sample.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the longitudinal dimension of the axial guide groove is 1/5-1/4 of the height of the rock sample, and the transverse dimension of the axial guide groove is 1/10 of the transverse diameter of the rock sample.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the guide groove is located in the middle of the longitudinal direction of the rock specimen.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the fracturing hole is 1/8-1/4 of the diameter of the rock sample, and the depth of the fracturing hole is 4/5-5/6 of the height of the rock sample.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the fracturing holes are arranged coaxially with the rock sample.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the pressurizing means comprises a shaft pressure loading member, a confining pressure loading member and a water injection pressure loading member.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the acoustic emission monitoring member comprises an acoustic emission monitor and an acoustic emission probe, the acoustic emission probe being located on an outer wall of the rock sample.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a directional fracturing rock system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a rock sample according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional structural view of a rock sample according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein A is a rock sample with radial guide grooves and B is a rock sample with axial guide grooves;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a rock sample according to one embodiment of the present invention, where A is a rock sample with radial guide grooves and B is a rock sample with axial guide grooves;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural view of a longitudinal section of a radial guide groove according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 shows a schematic structural view of a longitudinal section of an axial guide groove according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description of the present invention only and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
According to one aspect of the invention, a directional fracturing system for rock is provided.
According to the directional cracking system for the rock, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the guide groove is formed on the inner wall of the cracking hole, and high-pressure water is injected to enable the water to be soaked into the guide groove, so that the rock sample generates a directional crack along the guide of the guide groove.
Furthermore, the rock directional fracturing system provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for developing a directional hydraulic fracturing indoor test for generating hydraulic fractures in a specific direction, and can be used for simulating rock directional hydraulic fracturing processes in different three-dimensional stress states. The axial pressure, confining pressure, strain, water injection pressure, fracturing time and the like in the experimental process can be monitored in real time, and meanwhile, the change of a microseismic signal in the hydraulic fracturing process is monitored by using the acoustic emission monitoring part, so that the process and mechanism of rock directional hydraulic fracturing can be analyzed from the micro and microscopic angles.
In addition, according to the embodiment of the invention, the rock directional fracturing system is suitable for carrying out directional hydraulic fracturing tests on rocks with different strength characteristics, and can be used for not only metal ore rocks and coal rocks, but also rocks such as sandstone and shale encountered in unconventional oil and gas development and geothermal development.
It should be noted that the term "directional hydraulic fracturing" as used herein refers to a method of propagating a hydraulic fracture in a specific direction by injecting a high pressure fluid into a fracture hole. The rock directional hydraulic fracturing test is used for generating hydraulic fractures in a specific direction, is used for obtaining information such as water injection pressure, fracturing time, rock stress strain, microseismic and the like in the rock directional hydraulic fracturing process, and provides basic data for analyzing the rock directional hydraulic fracturing process and the mechanism thereof. The rock directional hydraulic fracturing test is usually carried out indoors, that is, the directional hydraulic fracturing process under industrial and mining conditions can be simulated indoors.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the rock directional fracturing system is illustrated according to an embodiment of the present invention, the system comprising:
rock sample 100: referring to fig. 2, the rock sample 100 has a longitudinal split bore 110, and the inner wall of the split bore 110 has a guide groove 120, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, a guide groove is formed in the inner wall of the fracturing hole, and high-pressure water is injected to enable the water to be soaked into the guide groove, so that the rock sample generates directional fractures along the guide of the guide groove. High-pressure water pressure acts on the wedge-shaped surface of the guide groove to enable the tip of the guide groove to generate a stress concentration effect, cracks can be generated when local stress at the tip exceeds the tensile strength of rocks, and the cracks are opened and expanded forwards to form directional hydraulic cracks under the action of continuous high-pressure water injection.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the guide groove 120 includes a radial guide groove 121 and/or an axial guide groove 122, wherein the radial guide groove 121 is circumferentially disposed along the inner wall of the fracturing hole 110, that is, the guide groove 121 is annularly disposed on the inner wall of the fracturing hole 110, and the radial guide groove 121 may be continuous or discontinuous, and may be selected by those skilled in the art according to experimental needs and requirements of a construction process; the axial guide grooves 122 are vertically arranged along the inner wall of the fracture hole 110, i.e., in the direction of the central axis of the rock sample 100, and the axial guide grooves 122 are axially symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the rock sample 100, i.e., the axial guide grooves 122 are divided into two parts, one on each side of the central axis.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal section of the radial guide groove 121 is triangular or trapezoidal. The tip of the radial guide groove 121 (i.e. the top of the longitudinal section of the guide groove) is a corner of a triangle or a short side of a trapezoid (the length of the short side is controlled within 2 mm), and the shape can enable the tip to form a stress concentration effect under the action of high-pressure water, so that the high-pressure water can be immersed in a rock sample to generate directional cracks.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the longitudinal dimension of the radial guide groove 121 is 1/20-1/10 of the height of the rock sample 100, and the transverse dimension is not more than 1/10 of the transverse diameter of the rock sample 100. Therefore, the radial guide groove with the size is beneficial to the fact that high-pressure water is immersed into a rock sample to form the directional cracking guide of cracks, the accuracy of a simulated cracking experiment is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the guide groove is convenient to machine.
Note that the longitudinal dimension of the radial guide groove 121, that is, the opening height, that is, the length of H1 in fig. 5, and the transverse dimension, that is, the footage length, that is, the length of L1 in fig. 5.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the longitudinal dimension of the axial guide groove 122 is 1/5-1/4 of the height of the rock sample 100, and the transverse dimension is 1/11-1/10 of the transverse diameter of the rock sample 100. Therefore, the axial guide groove with the size is beneficial to the fact that high-pressure water is immersed into a rock sample to form the directional cracking guide of cracks, the accuracy of a simulated cracking experiment is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the guide groove is convenient to machine.
It should be noted that the longitudinal dimension of the axial guide groove 122 is the opening height, i.e., the length of H2 in fig. 6, and the transverse dimension is the footage length, i.e., the length of L2 in fig. 6.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the guide groove 120 is positioned in the middle of the rock sample 100, and particularly can be positioned at 1/4-3/4 in the longitudinal direction of the rock sample 100, so that cracks can be uniformly expanded and extended towards the interior of the rock sample, and the influence of end effects on test results is reduced.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the cracking hole 110 is 1/8-1/4 of the diameter of the rock sample 100, and the depth is 4/5-5/6 of the height of the rock sample. Therefore, the size of the fracturing hole is proper, and the directional hydraulic fracturing process for generating the hydraulic fracture in the specific direction on the rock sample can be simulated under the action of the axial pressure, the confining pressure and the water pressure.
Specifically, the dimensions of the pilot hole 110 and the guide groove 120 will be described taking as an example a cylindrical rock specimen 100 having a specification of Φ 50 × 100 mm. For example, the diameter of the fracture hole 110 may be Φ 10mm, and the depth may be 80 mm. Accordingly, the guide groove 120 may be a radial guide groove 121 or an axial guide groove 122, and the guide groove 120 is disposed at a middle position of the rock specimen 100, wherein the radial guide groove 121 is annular, and may have a transverse dimension of 5mm and a longitudinal dimension of 10 mm; the axial guide grooves 122 are planar sheets with axial symmetry, and the longitudinal dimension of the axial guide grooves 122 may be 20mm, and the transverse dimension may be 5 mm.
It should be noted that the machining of the guide groove 120 is mainly performed by an inner hole cutter. The machining size and the machining precision of the sample strictly conform to the rock sample machining standard proposed by the international rock mechanics society.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the fracture holes 110 are arranged coaxially with the rock sample 100. Therefore, the stress distribution of the rock around the fracture hole is uniform.
The pressurizing device 200: according to an embodiment of the present invention, a rock sample accommodating space is provided in the pressurizing device 200 for pressurizing the rock sample 100, for example, the pressurizing treatment can provide three-way confining pressure, that is, the rock sample 100 is placed in the pressurizing device 200, and the pressurizing device 200 pressurizes the rock sample to make the rock sample 100 in a three-way compressive stress environment.
The pressurizing apparatus 200 includes a shaft pressure carrier 210, a confining pressure carrier 220, and a water filling pressure carrier 230 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the rock sample is pressurized and fractured in three modes of axial pressure pressurization, confining pressure pressurization and high-pressure water injection pressurization.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the axle pressure loading member 210 may be a pressure tester, the confining pressure loading member 220 may be an oil hydraulic machine in a confining pressure chamber, and the water injection pressure may be an assembly composed of a water tank, a pressurizing pump, a pressure gauge, and the like.
The monitoring device 300: according to an embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring device 300 is connected to the pressurizing device 200, the monitoring device 300 comprises a pressure monitoring member 310 and an acoustic emission monitoring member 320, wherein the pressure monitoring member 310 is used for monitoring the axial pressure and confining pressure applied to the rock sample, and the strain generated after the rock sample is loaded (axial pressure, confining pressure, water pressure); the acoustic emission monitoring component 320 is used for monitoring microseismic signals generated by the rock sample breaking under the action of load (axial pressure, confining pressure and water pressure). Therefore, the stress and strain conditions of the rock sample are monitored through the monitoring device, and the process and mechanism of the rock directional hydraulic fracturing can be analyzed from the micro and microscopic angles.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the acoustic emission monitoring part 320 comprises an acoustic emission monitor 321 and an acoustic emission probe 322, wherein the acoustic emission probe is positioned on the outer wall of the rock sample 100 and is used for accurately monitoring microseismic signals generated by the rock sample breaking under the action of load (axial pressure, confining pressure and water pressure), so that the condition of fracturing of the rock sample is judged, and the directional hydraulic fracturing process for generating hydraulic fractures in a specific direction is more accurately simulated.
In order to more clearly understand the rock directional fracturing system, a general method for simulating hydraulic directional fracturing by using the rock directional fracturing system is provided:
(1) rock samples were processed. And processing the rock sample required by the rock directional fracturing system according to the designed shape and size of the rock sample, the size of the fracturing hole, the type and the size of the guide groove.
(2) And checking and preheating the functions of the test devices. The working states of the pressurizing device and the monitoring device are checked, for example, the pressurizing device and the monitoring device can be a pressure tester, an axial pressure-confining pressure loading monitoring device, a hoop extensometer, an acoustic emission monitor and probe, a water injection pressurizing pump, a pressure gauge and the like, and the device is started to preheat for 30 minutes.
(3) And installing the test sample and the test device. The rock sample is arranged in the rock sample accommodating space of the pressurizing device, for example, the axial pressure head of a pressure tester, monitoring devices such as an annular extensometer, an acoustic emission probe, a water guide pressure head and the like are arranged on the rock sample, and data lines or pipelines are adopted to connect all the devices to corresponding monitoring instruments.
(4) And setting parameters. Setting the axial pressure-confining pressure loading rate of a pressure tester, setting the water injection rate, and setting the sampling frequency of monitoring equipment such as axial pressure-confining pressure, water injection pressure, acoustic emission instrument and the like.
(5) The test was started. Firstly, simultaneously applying axial pressure and confining pressure, continuously pressurizing the confining pressure to a preset pressure (such as 50MPa) and keeping the confining pressure constant, and continuously pressurizing the axial pressure to the preset pressure (such as 100MPa) and keeping the axial pressure constant; and then starting a water injection system to inject water at a set water injection rate until the sample is broken.
(6) And (4) storing data. And storing data such as stress, strain, water injection pressure, fracturing time, acoustic emission and the like monitored in the test process, and storing the fractured rock sample and the fracture surface image thereof.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A directional rock fracturing system, comprising:
the rock test sample is provided with a longitudinal fracturing hole, and the inner wall of the fracturing hole is provided with a guide groove;
the pressurizing device is internally provided with a rock sample accommodating space and is used for pressurizing the rock sample; and
a monitoring device connected with the pressurizing device, the monitoring device comprises a pressure monitoring piece and an acoustic emission monitoring piece,
wherein the diameter of the cracking hole is 1/8-1/4 of the diameter of the rock sample, the depth of the cracking hole is 4/5-5/6 of the height of the rock sample, so that the directional hydraulic fracturing process for generating hydraulic fractures in a specific direction is simulated on the rock sample,
the guide groove is located at 1/4-3/4 parts of the rock sample in the longitudinal direction so as to be beneficial to reducing the influence of end effect on test results, the guide groove comprises a radial guide groove and/or an axial guide groove, the radial guide groove is circumferentially arranged along the inner wall of the cracking hole, the axial guide groove is vertically arranged along the inner wall of the cracking hole, and the axial guide groove is axially symmetrically arranged along the central shaft of the rock sample,
the longitudinal dimension of the radial guide groove is 1/20-1/10 of the height of the rock sample, the transverse dimension of the radial guide groove is not larger than 1/10 of the transverse diameter of the rock sample, the longitudinal dimension of the axial guide groove is 1/5-1/4 of the height of the rock sample, and the transverse dimension of the axial guide groove is 1/11-1/10 of the transverse diameter of the rock sample, so that high-pressure water can be immersed into the rock sample to guide directional cracking of cracks, accuracy of test results can be guaranteed, and the guide groove can be processed conveniently.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the radial guide slots are triangular or trapezoidal in longitudinal cross-section.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the fracture aperture is disposed coaxially with the rock sample.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the pressurizing device comprises an axial pressure carrier, a confining pressure carrier, and a water injection pressure carrier.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the acoustic emission monitoring component comprises an acoustic emission monitor and an acoustic emission probe, the acoustic emission probe being located on an outer wall of the rock sample.
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| CN113281176B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-12-13 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Method for verifying measurement result of hydraulic fracturing method and loading device |
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