CN108889267A - 一种改性废弃红砖去除水中磷的方法 - Google Patents

一种改性废弃红砖去除水中磷的方法 Download PDF

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CN108889267A
CN108889267A CN201810773661.6A CN201810773661A CN108889267A CN 108889267 A CN108889267 A CN 108889267A CN 201810773661 A CN201810773661 A CN 201810773661A CN 108889267 A CN108889267 A CN 108889267A
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于江华
濮玥瑶
袁和忠
龚超
蔡昱
陶柄臣
张宏胜
吴潇
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Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种改性废弃红砖去除水中磷的方法，所述改性废弃红砖由如下方法制备：在常温下，将1mol/L铁盐溶液和1mol/L铝盐溶液按体积比1:1混合，向混合液中加入经过预处理的废弃红砖，使混合液与砖块的固液比为1:3，并在常温下使用恒温振荡器进行混合，取出砖块，放入烘箱干燥后使用马弗炉进行灼烧，灼烧后取出改性后砖块，用蒸馏水洗净后干燥收集。本方法实现了废弃红砖的再利用，作为建筑废弃物的红砖，来源丰富，成本低廉。同时也可以作为海绵城市基础设施的填料使用。

Description

一种改性废弃红砖去除水中磷的方法
技术领域
本专利涉及一种改性废弃红砖去除水中磷的方法，属于含磷污水的处理领域。
背景技术
磷是动植物生长繁殖的最重要的几种基本营养元素之一，但由于人类的频繁活动，使得河流湖泊等水体中的磷浓度不断增加，从而使得藻类等有机体不断生长，最终引起水体的富营养化。水中磷处理的方法多种多样，主要包括结晶、电解离、反渗透、微生物作用、絮凝、吸附等。电解离、反渗透等物理方法对磷具有很好的去除效果，但成本较高。生物方法成本底料无二次污染，但是出水稳定性较差，对外部环境比较敏感。
近年来，磷的排放标准执行得越来越严格，有效得控制了磷的点源排放，然而，由降水等引起的非点源磷污染还没有得到有效的处理。为了达到处理非点源污染的目的，近年来提出了海绵城市这一理念，尽可能地降低不透水面积，提高雨水利用效率，减轻面源污染，缓解暴雨积涝灾害，以实现场地开发钱的水文健康环境。技术主要功能有渗透、储存、调节、转输、截污净化等，采用的设施基本包括透水铺装、雨水花园、绿色屋顶、生物滞留池等，这些基本设施都需要使用大量的填料。如何选择去除磷能力强、成本低廉、操作简便的方法，是水处理研究的热点，也是海绵城市基础设施填料的基本要求。活性铝、沸石具有较大的比表面积、专性吸附、多孔等优点而被广泛使用，但这些原材料价格较高，无法作为填料在装置中大量使用。明矾渣作为一种净水废料，来源广泛，在实际的运用中显示出良好的磷处理效果，但在水处理过程中，常常会向水中溶出有害离子，形成二次污染。由已有研究可知，混凝剂中三价的铁、铝等金属盐具有较好的磷去除能力，因此我们结合这两种方法，尝试制备新型的除磷材料。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种改性废弃红砖去除水中磷的方法。
本发明的上述目的是通过下面的技术方案得以实现的：
一种改性废弃红砖去除水中磷的方法，改性废弃红砖由如下方法制备：在常温下，将1mol/L铁盐溶液和1mol/L铝盐溶液按体积比1:1混合，向混合液中加入经过预处理的废弃红砖，使混合液与砖块的固液比为1:3，并在常温下使用恒温振荡器进行混合，取出砖块，放入烘箱干燥后使用马弗炉进行灼烧，灼烧后取出改性后砖块，用蒸馏水洗净后干燥收集；
所述预处理的废弃红砖的预处理方法为：将回收的废弃红砖进行粉碎研磨，过筛，选取0.5-1mm粒径的粉末，进行清洗，在100℃下烘干，收集备用。
优选地，所述铁盐为氯化铁或硝酸铁。
优选地，所述铝盐为氯化铝或硝酸铝。
优选地，恒温振荡器进行混合6h。
优选地，灼烧温度为600℃。
优选地，灼烧2h。
优选地，预处理方法中，烘干温度为100℃。
有益效果：
(1)采用铁盐和铝盐联合的方法改性的废弃红砖，具有较好的除磷能力，其磷的吸附量：由原来的未改性废弃红砖的0.51mg(P)/g增加到1.56mg(P)/g，吸附量提高3倍多，这一吸附效果高于等量的废弃红砖的吸附除磷量。使用单一的氯化铁和氯化铝改性的废弃红砖吸附量分别为1.4mg(P)/g和0.43mg(P)/g，而使用单一的硝酸铁改性的废弃红砖吸附量为1.41mg(P)/g，单一的硝酸铝溶液改性的废弃红砖吸附量为0.42mg(P)/g。
(2)本方法实现了废弃红砖的再利用，作为建筑废弃物的红砖，来源丰富，成本低廉。同时也可以作为海绵城市基础设施的填料使用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例具体介绍本发明实质性内容，但并不以此限定本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
本发明改性废弃红砖去除水中磷的方法，包括以下步骤：
1、废弃红砖的预处理过程：
将回收的废弃砖块进行粉碎研磨，过筛，选取0.5-1mm粒径的粉末，进行清洗，在100℃下烘干，收集备用。
2、废弃红砖改性过程：
在25℃下，将1mol/L铁盐溶液(FeCl3)和1mol/L铝盐溶液(AlCl3)1:1混合，其中加入经过预处理的废弃砖块，使混合液与砖块的固液比为1:3，并在常温下使用恒温振荡器进行混合，在6h后取出砖块，放入烘箱干燥后使用马弗炉在600℃下进行灼烧，灼烧2h后取出改性后砖块，用蒸馏水洗净后干燥收集备用。
3、改性后砖块除磷过程：
称取0.3g的上述改性废弃砖块加入浓度为10mg/L的50ml的含磷溶液中，溶液ph为7，在25℃下，以160r/min的速度进行恒温振荡。10min-50h后过0.45μm滤膜，用钼锑抗比色法测滤液中磷的浓度，测得改性后砖块对磷的吸附量为1.56mg(P)/g。
实施例2
与实施例1基本相同，使用Fe(NO3)3作为铁盐溶液与铝盐溶液(AlCl3)对废弃红砖进行改性，测得改性后砖块对磷的吸附量为1.54mg(P)/g
实施例3
与实施例1基本相同，使用Al(NO3)3作为铝盐溶液与铁盐溶液(AlCl3)对废弃红砖进行改性，测得改性后砖块对磷的吸附量为1.55mg(P)/g
实施例4
与实施例1基本相同，使用氯化铁溶液对废弃红砖进行改性，测得改性后砖块对磷的吸附量为1.4mg(P)/g
实施例5
与实施例1基本相同，使用氯化铝溶液对废弃红砖进行改性，测得改性后砖块对磷的吸附量为0.43mg(P)/g
实施例6
将0.3g废弃红砖，加入50ml含磷浓度为10mg(P)/L的水溶液中，在25℃的温度下以转速160r/min的速度进行恒温振荡2h，后经过0.45μm滤膜进行过滤，测得红砖对磷的吸附量为0.51mg(P)/g。在后续的试验中发现，该吸附在2h时达到平衡，即使时间增加，吸附量也没有很大变化。
由实施例1、2、3可以看出，铁盐和铝盐的种类对改性没有很大的影响
由实施例1、4、5可以看出，铁盐和铝盐联合改性比单一的使用一种改性效果好
由实施例1、6可以看出，改性废弃红砖对水中磷的去除效果远远高于等量的废弃红砖的吸附效果。
实施例7
实施例1中，其他条件不变，溶液中磷的浓度改为2mg(P)/L。吸附时间为10h时，改性废弃红砖对磷的吸附量为0.15mg(P)/g，当吸附时间为20h时，改性吸附废弃红砖的吸附量为0.27mg(P)/g。
由实施例1、7可以看出，在达到吸附平衡之前，随着吸附时间的延长，改性废弃红砖对磷的吸附效果越来越好。
实施例8
实施例1中，其他条件不变，溶液中磷的浓度改为2mg(P)/L、4mg(P)/L、6mg(P)/L、8mg(P)/L，测得改性废弃砖块对磷的吸附量为0.27mg(P)/g、0.38mg(P)/g、0.47mg(P)/g、1.24mg(P)/g。
由实施例1、8可以看出，随着初始浓度的提高，改性废弃红砖对磷的去除效果越来越好。
上述实施例的作用在于具体介绍本发明的实质性内容，但本领域技术人员应当知道，不应将本发明的保护范围局限于该具体实施例。

Claims (7)

1.一种改性废弃红砖去除水中磷的方法，其特征在于，所述改性废弃红砖由如下方法制备：在常温下，将1mol/L铁盐溶液和1mol/L铝盐溶液按体积比1:1混合，向混合液中加入经过预处理的废弃红砖，使混合液与砖块的固液比为1:3，并在常温下使用恒温振荡器进行混合，取出砖块，放入烘箱干燥后使用马弗炉进行灼烧，灼烧后取出改性后砖块，用蒸馏水洗净后干燥收集；
所述预处理的废弃红砖的预处理方法为：将回收的废弃红砖进行粉碎研磨，过筛，选取0.5-1mm粒径的粉末，进行清洗，在100℃下烘干，收集备用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述铁盐为氯化铁或硝酸铁。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述铝盐为氯化铝或硝酸铝。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：恒温振荡器进行混合6h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：灼烧温度为600℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：灼烧2h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：预处理方法中，烘干温度为100℃。
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TWI806651B (zh) * 2022-06-09 2023-06-21 林宏明 去除廢棄物中可溶性鹽類之處理方法

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