CN108887234A - 一种推迟母马的配种期的方法 - Google Patents
一种推迟母马的配种期的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108887234A CN108887234A CN201810821899.1A CN201810821899A CN108887234A CN 108887234 A CN108887234 A CN 108887234A CN 201810821899 A CN201810821899 A CN 201810821899A CN 108887234 A CN108887234 A CN 108887234A
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种推迟母马的配种期的方法,属于农牧业遗传育种领域。本发明的推迟母马的配种期的方法包括步骤:选择推迟配种的母马;对母马进行饲养;在八月十一日‑二十日时间段内,将母马催情剂加入至喂养母马的饲料中;在八月二十一日‑九月十日时间段内,若有仍不发情的母马,则提高其体内激素水平,促使其发情;得到推迟配种期的母马。本发明可改变多年来冬、春季没有马奶供应的局面,实现全年源源不断的滚动式的生产马奶。促进发展以马奶为主要原料的马乳品工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种推迟母马的配种期的方法,属于农牧业遗传育种领域。
背景技术
传统的马匹配种工作一般遵循自然发情规律。我国北方马的正常发情配种期为4至7月末,主要集中在5、6月份。受胎率也以5、6月份为最高。对母马进行发情鉴定后,在排卵期进行适时人工授精或自然交配。受孕后经340天妊娠期后,马的产驹期是第二年的4、5月份。8月份至第二年3月末为乏情期。产奶期一般在5月初至9月底。有的可以到10月底或更长一些。11月底到来年的4月份基本处于无马奶供应的状态。对马乳制品生产极为不利。近年来以马奶为原料的乳酸菌饮料、马奶粉、马奶酪等高档食品行业迅速兴起。需要主要原材料马奶全年源源不断的供应。马奶断档供应严重制约马奶产品工业的发展。
因此,针对上述问题,本发明就提供一种推迟母马的配种期的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种推迟母马的配种期的方法,以解决现有技术中冬、春季马奶供应短缺的问题。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种推迟母马的配种期的方法包括步骤:选择推迟配种的母马;对母马进行饲养;在八月十一日-二十日时间段内,将母马催情剂加入至喂养母马的饲料中;在八月二十一日-九月十日时间段内,若有仍不发情的母马,则提高其体内激素水平,促使其发情;得到推迟配种期的母马。
进一步地,所述母马催情剂包括当归、官桂、阳起石、元参、杜仲、茴香、熟地与川穹。
进一步地,所述母马催情剂按照质量份计包括:当归140-160份、官桂140-160份、阳起石1-3份、元参40-60份、杜仲40-60份、茴香40-60份、熟地180-220份与川穹50-70份。
进一步地,所述母马催情剂包括益母草、淫羊藿、女贞子、官桂、元参、红花、覆盆子、菟丝子、蛇床子、肉苁蓉、当归与补骨脂。
进一步地,所述母马催情剂按照质量份计包括:益母草50-70份、淫羊藿40-60份、女贞子20-40份、官桂140-160份、元参40-60份、红花10-30份、覆盆子20-40份、菟丝子20-40份、蛇床子20-40份、肉苁蓉50-70份、当归140-160份与补骨脂20-40份。
进一步地,母马在4-12周岁之间并无疾病。
进一步地,饲养过程中通过挤奶的方式对母马进行驯化。
进一步地,饲养过程中夜间温度不低于10℃,每天阳光直接照射不得低于4h。
进一步地,所述激素包括绒毛膜促性腺激素与促卵泡激素。
进一步地,所述激素包括绒毛膜促性腺激素与孕马血清促性腺激素。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下的优点:
1.本发明的推迟母马的配种期的方法可达到常年发情、常年配种、常年产奶的目的。
2.本发明可改变多年来冬、春季没有马奶供应的局面,实现全年源源不断的滚动式的生产马奶。促进发展以马奶为主要原料的马乳品工业化生产。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的推迟母马的配种期的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
将马的配种期推迟到8月底、9月中下旬进行。则在第二年的8、9月份产驹,9、10月份产奶,则产奶可以延长至来年的2、3月份。推迟马的配种使得整个冬季都有奶源供应。同时是马的滚动式配种和全年无间断产奶的一个重要环节。
本发明的推迟母马的配种期的方法包括步骤:选择推迟配种的母马;对母马进行饲养;在八月十一日-二十日时间段内,将母马催情剂加入至喂养母马的饲料中;在八月二十一日-九月十日时间段内,若有仍不发情的母马,则提高其体内激素水平,促使其发情;得到推迟配种期的母马。
选择母马:所有产驹马从产驹第3-5日开始,进行抓捕、隔离、挤奶。发情不予配种。挑选其中4-12周岁、营养良好、无疾病的母马做为延期配种的基础母马,单独饲养。
在母马的饲养过程中,首先选取恰当的方式驯化母马,其次补草料以加强营养,最后保证温度和日照时间。具体如下:
进行挤奶和驯化。大型马场和北部牧区散养马匹大都气质烈悍,难以驯服。参加延期配种的马匹必须经过充分的驯化。驯化方法可以结合马奶生产的挤奶过程进行。通过挤奶达到驯化的目的。
加强营养并予以补草补料,保证参配母马膘情和营养状况。
马的膘情是保证乏情期发情的重要因素。参加延期配种的马匹必须营养良好。在选择膘情好的母马参加延期配种的基础上,要大力加强营养。在枯草期要进行补饲。同时按饲养标准予以补料。满足参加延期配种马匹的营养需要。特别是对蛋白质的要求。
温度是保证马乏情期可以发情的一个重要因素。因我国北方地区气候寒冷,所以参加延期配种马匹在8月下旬后进入暖圈,夜间温度不低于10℃。保证适宜的温度使得处于乏情期的母马发情。
马是长日照动物,多在长日照的春、夏季发情。保证日照时间也是重要一环。参加延期配种马匹每天阳光直接照射不得低于4小时。如日照过短,要采取模拟光照措施,延长光照时间。日照与温度类似,充足的日照使得处于乏情期的母马发情。
8月中下旬在舎饲参加延期配种母马厩中同厩分栏放置1-2匹种公马。
直肠检查和阴道检查发现母马的子宫炎和子宫内膜炎等疾病,并进行治疗。用消炎药物:如青霉素、链霉素、金霉素等进行治疗。用45℃、2%重曹水冲洗后注入青霉素等药物。
8月中旬将催情中草药组合物加入至喂养母马的饲料中。
所述母马催情剂包括当归、官桂、阳起石、元参、杜仲、茴香、熟地与川穹。
所述母马催情剂按照质量份计包括:当归140-160份、官桂140-160份、阳起石1-3份、元参40-60份、杜仲40-60份、茴香40-60份、熟地180-220份与川穹50-70份。
所述母马催情剂包括益母草、淫羊藿、女贞子、官桂、元参、红花、覆盆子、菟丝子、蛇床子、肉苁蓉、当归与补骨脂。
所述母马催情剂按照质量份计包括:益母草50-70份、淫羊藿40-60份、女贞子20-40份、官桂140-160份、元参40-60份、红花10-30份、覆盆子20-40份、菟丝子20-40份、蛇床子20-40份、肉苁蓉50-70份、当归140-160份与补骨脂20-40份。
实施例1当归150g、官桂150g、阳起石2g、元参50g、杜仲50g、茴香50g、熟地200g、川穹60g;
实施例2
当归140g、官桂140g、阳起石1g、元参40g、杜仲40g、茴香40g、熟地180g与川穹50g。
实施例3
当归160g、官桂160g、阳起石3g、元参60g、杜仲60g、茴香60g、熟地220g与川穹70g。
实施例4
益母草60g、淫羊藿50g、女贞子30g、官桂150g、元参50g、红花20g、覆盆子30g、菟丝子3og、蛇床子30g、肉苁蓉60g、当归150g、补骨脂30g。
实施例5
益母草50g、淫羊藿40g、女贞子20g、官桂140g、元参40g、红花10g、覆盆子20g、菟丝子20g、蛇床子20g、肉苁蓉50g、当归140g与补骨脂20g。
实施例6
益母草70g、淫羊藿60g、女贞子40g、官桂160g、元参60g、红花30g、覆盆子40g、菟丝子40g、蛇床子40g、肉苁蓉70g、当归160g与补骨脂40g。
当归味甘、辛、温;入肝、脾经;补血和血、活血止痛、温中止血、润肠通便。
官桂味平入肝肾、脾、经;具有镇静作用、降温作用、健胃作用、肠管兴奋作用。温中补肾、散寒止痛。
阳起石味咸、性温;入肾、脾经;温补命门、暖宫壮阳。
元参性微寒苦味;入肺、肾经;滋阴生津、泄火解毒。
杜仲味甘,性温。入肝、肾经;补益肝肾、固经安胎。
茴香味辛,性温;入肝、肾、脾、胃经;理气止痛,调中和胃。
熟地味甘,微温。归肝、肾、心经。补血生精、滋肾养阴。
川穹性温味微辛;入肝、胆、心包经;活血行气、祛风止痛。
益母草性微寒、味辛、苦;活血调经络,利尿消肿,清热解毒。
淫羊藿性温、味辛;补肾壮阳、祛风除湿,具有增强下丘脑垂体性腺轴的内分泌作用。
女贞子性平、味苦;入肝、肾经;补肝滋肾,强腰健膝。治阴虚内热。滋补肝肾。
红花性温、味辛;入心、肝经;活血通经,散瘀止痛,有助于胸痹心痛、瘀滞腹痛、胸胁刺痛、疮疡肿痛疗效。有活血化瘀,散湿去肿的功效。避免孕马使用,否则会造成流产。
覆盆子性平、乳味甘、酸;入肾、肝经;补肾固精、壮阳缩便。
菟丝子味甘、性平温,归肾、肝、脾经,滋补肝肾、固精宜髓、缩尿安胎。
蛇床子味辛、苦,性温。入肾经;燥湿祛风,杀虫止痒,温肾壮阳。常用于肾虚阳痿。
肉苁蓉味甘、咸、性温;入肝、肾、脾经;补肾阳、益精血、润肠道。用于肾阳虚衰、精血不足。
补骨脂味苦、辛、性温;入肾、脾经;补肾壮阳、补脾健胃。
生物学调节:通过上述一系列的措施,参加延期配种的母马仍不发情,则在8月下旬-9月上旬采用以下激素诱导方法:
方法一:抽取怀孕70日左右的营养良好、经严格检查无任何传染病的健康母马全血15ml,对待配母马进行皮下注射。
方法二:绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)1000-2000IU、促卵泡激素(FSH)1000IU配合使用。
方法三:绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)1000-2000IU、孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)1000IU配合使用。
8月下旬、9月中上旬对延期配种母马采取常温人工授精、冷冻精液人工授精或种公马进行自然交配进行配种。
母马怀孕后的100d后才能完成胎儿子宫附植,同时马属动物的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,与子宫结合力弱,在这期间很容易流产。特别是延期配种怀孕母马的又赶上季节变换,气候变化无常,就更容易流产。所以要特别保证营养、防止风寒、加强饲养管理、科学饲养,防止流产。
试验例:
本发明经2016、2017二年度53匹马延期配种实验,效果良好。
2016年5月2日-5月10日选择4月16日后产驹、营养良好、5-12周岁母马18匹进行隔离、挤奶。发情不予配种,加强营养管理、保证营养。于8月初采取圈舍保暖、增加光照等措施。于8月20日-9月15日进行配种。总体受胎率达到67%,效果较好。
2017年5月5日-5月20日选择4月18日后产驹、营养良好、5-12周岁母马35匹进行隔离、挤奶。除2016年采取的措施外,与8月2日在延期配种实验马厩中放入2匹公马。于8月25日-9月20日进行配种。总体受胎率达到68.5%。效果理想。
本发明技术可以从根本上改变几千年来冬、春季没有马奶供应的局面。变季节性马奶生产为全年源源不断的滚动式的马奶生产。促进发展以马奶为主要原料的马乳品工业化生产。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种推迟母马的配种期的方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
选择推迟配种的母马;
对母马进行饲养;
在八月十一日-二十日时间段内,将母马催情剂加入至喂养母马的饲料中;
在八月二十一日-九月十日时间段内,若有仍不发情的母马,则提高其体内激素水平,促使其发情;
得到推迟配种期的母马。
2.根据权利要求1所述的推迟母马的配种期的方法,其特征在于,所述母马催情剂包括当归、官桂、阳起石、元参、杜仲、茴香、熟地与川穹。
3.根据权利要求2所述的推迟母马的配种期的方法,其特征在于,所述母马催情剂按照质量份计包括:当归140-160份、官桂140-160份、阳起石1-3份、元参40-60份、杜仲40-60份、茴香40-60份、熟地180-220份与川穹50-70份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的推迟母马的配种期的方法,其特征在于,所述母马催情剂包括益母草、淫羊藿、女贞子、官桂、元参、红花、覆盆子、菟丝子、蛇床子、肉苁蓉、当归与补骨脂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的推迟母马的配种期的方法,其特征在于,所述母马催情剂按照质量份计包括:益母草50-70份、淫羊藿40-60份、女贞子20-40份、官桂140-160份、元参40-60份、红花10-30份、覆盆子20-40份、菟丝子20-40份、蛇床子20-40份、肉苁蓉50-70份、当归140-160份与补骨脂20-40份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的推迟母马的配种期的方法,其特征在于,母马在4-12周岁之间并无疾病。
7.根据权利要求1所述的推迟母马的配种期的方法,其特征在于,饲养过程中通过挤奶的方式对母马进行驯化。
8.根据权利要求1所述的推迟母马的配种期的方法,其特征在于,饲养过程中夜间温度不低于10℃,每天阳光直接照射不得低于4h。
9.根据权利要求1所述的推迟母马的配种期的方法,其特征在于,所述激素包括绒毛膜促性腺激素与促卵泡激素。
10.根据权利要求1所述的推迟母马的配种期的方法,其特征在于,所述激素包括绒毛膜促性腺激素与孕马血清促性腺激素。
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