CN108882875A - 用于神经血管刺激的设备 - Google Patents

用于神经血管刺激的设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108882875A
CN108882875A CN201680079880.3A CN201680079880A CN108882875A CN 108882875 A CN108882875 A CN 108882875A CN 201680079880 A CN201680079880 A CN 201680079880A CN 108882875 A CN108882875 A CN 108882875A
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task
equipment
sensor
signal
design scheme
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CN201680079880.3A
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CN108882875B (zh
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克里斯·雷泽
埃姆拉·迪泽尔
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Otto Von Guericke Universitaet Magdeburg
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Otto Von Guericke Universitaet Magdeburg
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Abstract

一种用于神经血管刺激的设备包括：大脑活动传感器，心血管传感器，计算单元和输出单元。计算单元具有任务算法，其中从大脑活动传感器和心血管传感器的信号中借助任务算法确定确定与这些信号关联的任务，以便借助输出单元输出给用户。

Description

用于神经血管刺激的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于神经血管刺激的设备。
背景技术
从现有技术中，已知用于记忆训练的方法。例如，US 2001/0066005 A1描述了一种计算机执行的用于自主学习的方法。对于该方法，测量用户的神经生理状态，以向用户提供关于其自我调节的反馈或调整学习环境。
从现有技术中已知的系统的缺点是：其主要设计用于传授知识，和进而神经可塑性，即针对性的刺激用于大脑中神经细胞的重构和交联和/或用于改善对大脑的血管供应，在完全只是偶然实现的情况下。借助已知的系统不能将已知系统用于预防或治疗痴呆。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供改善的设备和用于运行该设备的方法，所述设备优选克服现有技术的上述缺点。
根据本发明，所述目的借助根据权利要求1的用于神经血管刺激的设备和借助根据权利要求5的用于控制用于神经血管刺激的设备的方法来实现。从下面的描述、附图以及从属权利要求中可得出其他有利的设计方案。然而，所描述的设计方案的各个特征不限制于此，而是能够彼此结合和与其他的特征结合成另外的设计方案。
提出一种用于神经血管刺激的设备，其至少包括：至少一个大脑活动传感器，至少一个心血管传感器，至少一个计算单元和至少一个输出单元。计算单元具有至少一个任务算法，其中借助于计算单元能够接收至少大脑活动传感器和心血管传感器的信号，并且借助于任务算法确定任务并且能够借助于输出单元输出，所述任务至少与至少大脑活动传感器的信号和心血管传感器的信号关联。
本发明意义下的术语“神经血管刺激”包括：使用认知和生理原理进行系统性刺激，所述原理以动物实验的方式已知地促进神经细胞的、尤其出自神经干细胞或祖细胞的神经细胞的形成和交联，改善所存在的成熟神经细胞的交联并且通过血管可塑性过程改善特定脑区的供血。优选地，控制、调节和/或刺激血管可塑性在大脑中的区域分布连带神经元活动，以便刺激所述区域分布连带神经可塑性。
术语“大脑活动传感器”就本发明的意义而言可理解为用于确定大脑活动的传感器或测量设备。大脑活动传感器在一个设计方案中是至少一个选自如下的传感器：脑电图电极——下文称作为EEG电极——、瞳孔测量传感器和/或皮肤电阻传感器。
优选地，大脑活动传感器是EEG电极，所述EEG电极还优选能够安置在耳朵中、更优选安置在耳朵的外耳道中。还优选地提出：大脑活动传感器具有耳塞，所述耳塞至少包括EEG电极。此外优选地，大脑活动传感器包括至少一个内耳EEG电极，例如，其通过EP 2 388680 A1公开。在本公开的范围中，完全参考EP 2 388 680 A1。更优选地提出：大脑活动传感器包括耳机和/或头戴式耳机。更优选地提出：大脑活动传感器包括用于将至少一个传感器和/或电极保持或固定在用户头部的机构。特别优选提出，该设备包括多个大脑活动传感器，例如多个EEG电极。特别优选地提出：该设备包括至少一个用于至少一个EEG电极的参考电极。
在另一设计方案中提出：大脑活动传感器包括至少一个用于分析眼睛运动的传感器，瞳孔测量仪，用于测量大脑血液循环的传感器，优选皮质血液循环的传感器和/或自主神经系统的测量装置。例如，大脑活动传感器构成为近红外光谱传感器。
在本发明的说明书的范围内，将脑电图记录仪简称为EEG。
术语“心血管传感器”可理解为如下传感器，借助所述传感器能够测量脉搏、心跳和/或血压。例如，心率监测器或胸带包括心血管传感器。在另一设计方案中提出：心血管传感器包括用于心电图的传感器和/或血压传感器。在一个设计方案中提出：设有至少两个心血管传感器，其尤其可以设置在颈部或太阳穴上以及手腕或脚腕上。从借助于传感器获得的脉搏数据的差或关联中可以确定另外的数据，例如血压。
在本发明的说明书的范围中的示例性的列举不可视作为是穷尽的。
计算单元例如能够是计算机、手机、尤其智能电话、平板计算机和/或微计算机。在一个设计方案中提出：计算单元包括服务器，所述服务器优选接入到网络中，该设备访问所述网络。还优选地，该设备具有到网络的连接机构，将计算单元接入到所述网络中。在一个设计方案中，连接机构是具有因特网能力的移动设备，例如手机。
优选地，计算单元与网络、例如因特网连接。在另一设计方案中，计算单元直接地与该设备的另外的部件连接。更优选地提出：计算单元包括智能手表。尤其是，智能手表包括至少一个传感器、至少一个执行器——如例如振动马达和尤其计算机功能和/或与计算机的连接。
输出单元例如包括监视器、显示器、头戴式显示器——即例如视频眼镜或虚拟现实眼镜和/或用于显示扩展现实的设备、如例如增强现实眼镜。在另一设计方案中提出：输出单元包括音频输出器，例如耳机和/或扬声器。
此外，在一个设计方案中提出：输出单元包括感知输出装置，例如借助于振动马达进行。在另一实施方式中提出：输出单元具有用于训练仪器、例如有氧运动器材的控制装置，优选地，能够控制训练仪器的参数。尤其是，能够借助于设备的输出控制训练仪器的活动阻力和/或另一参数。
在另一设计方案中提出：输出单元具有用于电肌肉刺激的仪器的控制装置。在另一设计方案中提出：输出单元具有用于输出气味和/或面部表情记录的机构。
长时间以来，该设想是：神经可塑性，即刺激以重构和/或交联在大脑中的神经细胞是不可能的。因此，现有技术中已知的用于所谓的大脑训练的设备仅针对特定的学习效果改善。根据本发明的设备考虑到如下知识：在成人大脑中存在神经干细胞，所述神经干细胞实现神经元的重构及其交联。没有立即交联的重构的新神经元再次死亡并且没有长期作用，例如，用于治疗或预防痴呆症。然而，神经可塑性优选在特定条件下进行，所述条件可以借助于该设备有利地确定和/或产生。特别有利的是：有利地一起出现的特定的心脏负荷以及特定的大脑活动对于神经可塑性是有帮助的或必需的。
还有利地，该设备至少根据所测量的信号借助于任务算法确定如下任务，为用户借助于输出单元提供所述任务。任务挑选为，使得所述任务与所确定的信号形成关联。在一个设计方案中提出：大脑活动传感器的信号和心血管传感器的信号的至少一个关联决定该任务。
该任务尤其借助于任务算法选择，使得用户的大脑通过忙于该任务来刺激，尤其在心脏负荷的影响下，形成新的神经元，并且更优选地，所述新的神经元还优选附加地将已经成熟的现有神经元尤其彼此交联。
该任务优选地匹配于用户。在一个特别优选的设计方案中提出：选择任务，使得用户可以解决任务。
在另一设计方案中提出：任务算法将通过用户对任务的至少一个响应包括到另一任务的确定中，尤其任务算法考虑用户是否正确地或错误地响应之前的任务。还优选地提出：任务算法考虑如下时间，所述时间是之前的任务的输出和响应的输入之间经过的时间。
在一个设计方案中，从不同的任务复合体中挑选任务。任务复合体至少选自：助记任务，史楚普实验，阅读任务，旋律识别，协调任务，图案识别，图案分离，图案完整，记忆任务——尤其是指程序性记忆和/或陈述性记忆、优选情节性记忆的任务，需要精确编码的任务，新奇检测(Neuheitsdetektion)，简单的串联，前向链接(Vorwaertsverkettung)——尤其是传递推理，概括，凸显的刺激——尤其感情上凸显的刺激，具有自身刺激的任务和/或更多或更少努力的要求——例如更缓慢或更快速地进行，导航任务，具有对实施的控制的要求的任务，工作记忆任务和/或用于视觉或听觉辨别类似刺激的任务。
自身的刺激在一个设计方案中是用户了解的情形、地点或人员的照片或视频。
在另一设计方案中提出：用户经受至少一个刺激，如例如气味、图像、颜色、图案、敏感刺激、旋律和/或声响。
特别优选地提出：从至少一个刺激中挑选任务。尤其提出：任务是至少一次刺激。在另一设计方案中提出：能够将出自一个或多个任务复合体中的一个或多个任务组合。在另一实施方式中提出：能够将多个刺激组合。在另一实施方式中提出：至少一个刺激可以与来自至少一个任务复合体的至少一个任务组合。在另一实施方式中提出：被动地呈现不期望的或不正常的刺激。在另一个设计方案中，呈现不期望的和/或不正常的刺激并且必须主动检测。在另一设计方案中，学习并灵活地改学增强学习意义下的刺激-奖赏关联，这称为反转学习。
例如，一个实施方式提出：具有其自身刺激或刺激因素的至少一个任务的输出包括：在使用设备之前尤其随机地拍摄照片。在一个设计方案中提出：尤其由用户携带的相机优选自动地在使用设备之前的时间段中拍摄照片，所述照片在该设备使用时显示。尤其是，任务提出能够包括对图片按时间分类。在另一实施方式中提出：显示图像和另外并非由用户的照相机拍摄的图像。
特别有利地提出：将根据本发明的设备使用在预防痴呆和/或痴呆治疗中。在一个设计方案中提出：任务算法将用户的痴呆症类型包括到任务的确定或生成中。在另一设计方案中提出：能够将该设备用于提高大脑表现。一个实施方式提出：尤其是，用户可以预设大脑表现的目标设置。一个目标设置例如包括选自如下的目标：记忆力改善——尤其改善陈述性记忆，图案识别改善，图案分离改善，取向改善，感知(认知)的改善，语言改善，注意力改善和/或逻辑改善。目标设置优选借助于输入设备能够输入到设备中。
在一个实施方式中提出：该设备包括至少一个输入设备。尤其是，输入设备包括至少一个输入机构，其选自：摇杆，键盘，触摸板，脑信号反馈，用于确定眼睛运动的机构——眼球追踪器，陀螺仪，脑信号，麦克风和/或按键或蜂鸣器。
在一个设计方案中提出：能够借助于输入设备输入用户数据、目标设置和/或所提出的任务的响应。用户数据例如包括用户的年龄、性别、疾病、施药和/或其他数据。优选地，用户数据具有脉搏数据和/或神经元数据，尤其是在使用该设备时可以确定所述脉搏数据和/或神经元数据。在另一设计方案中，用户数据具有在使用该设备时确定的、测量的和/或输入的数据。在一个设计方案中提出：将用户数据包括到任务算法中，以便确定任务。
另一实施方式提出：该设备包括有氧运动器材。有氧运动器材优选是至少选自如下的设备：跑步机，交叉训练机，划船机，测力计，踏步机，腹部训练器，全向跑步机和/或旋转设备(Spinninggeraet)。在另一设计方案中，该设备附加地或替选地具有电子刺激仪器。有利地，该设备设计成，使得所述设备操控有氧运动器材和/或电子刺激仪器，以至于用户尤其达到一定脉搏频率并且优选在对于神经可塑性最佳的时间段期间保持。
在一个设计方案中，该设备附加地具有肺活量计，借助所述肺活量计能够根据呼吸空气中的CO2浓度精确地调整最佳的训练水平的设定。更优选地，该设备控制有氧运动器材和/或电子刺激仪器，使得用户尤其因紧张或放松尤其达到基本上对于神经可塑性最佳的大脑活动。
还优选地，该设备控制有氧运动器材和/或电子刺激仪器，使得用户达到为适度的大脑活动对神经可塑性最佳的心脏或脉搏频率和/或呼吸空气中的CO2浓度。在另一设计方案中提出：该设备在考虑用户数据的情况下操控有氧运动器材和/或电子刺激仪器。
就本发明而言，也可以将控制也理解为调节。
特别优选地，借助于计算单元能够从大脑活动传感器的信号中生成神经元数据。还优选地，借助于计算单元能够从心血管传感器的信号中生成脉搏数据。另一实施方式提出：借助于任务算法能够至少将出自大脑活动传感器的信号中的神经元数据和出自心血管传感器的信号中的脉搏数据建立彼此关联。
在另一设计方案中提出：进行药品的自动提供。在一个实施方式中，该设备具有用于施用药品的设备。在一个设计方案中提出：可选地在考虑用户数据的情况下能够根据神经元数据和/或脉搏数据施用药品。
此外，提出根据本发明的用于控制用于神经血管刺激的设备的方法。该设备包括至少一个大脑活动传感器，至少一个心血管传感器，至少一个计算单元和至少一个输出单元。计算单元具有至少一个任务算法，其中借助于计算单元接收至少大脑活动传感器和心血管传感器的信号，并且借助于任务算法确定至少一个任务并且借助于输出单元输出，所述任务至少与至少大脑活动传感器的信号和心血管传感器的信号关联。
优选地，任务算法确定任务。在另一优选的设计方案中，任务算法确定多个任务。优选地，任务算法总是再次确定新的任务。还优选地，在用户响应任务之后或者经过了自输出最后的任务起的预设的时间之后，任务算法确定另一任务。在另一设计方案中提出：当例如可从神经元数据中识别用户不再忙于该任务时，确定新的任务，并且优选输出新的任务。任务优选总是关于当前的神经元数据和脉搏数据确定。
还优选地提出：任务算法将不同的值、例如多个传感器确定的值和/或多个用户数据相互关联，以便确定任务。还优选地，任务算法包括具有任务或任务复合体的至少一个表格，任务算法从所述表格中选出任务。在一个特别优选的设计方案中，任务算法是软件。还优选地提出：任务算法从存储在计算单元上的多个任务中确定一个任务。还优选地，计算机单元包括至少一个表格，任务算法访问所述表格。在一个实施方式中提出：任务算法包括函数，所述函数根据输入的和/或测量的值输出任务。在一个实施方式中提出：借助于任务算法从至少一个任务复合体中选出至少一个任务。还优选地，任务算法将任务匹配于用户数据。
在另一设计方案中提出：从大脑活动传感器的信号中确定神经元数据。优选地，确定EEG的至少一个频带，或检查其存在。还优选地，确定至少一个频带的幅度。在一个实施方式中提出：确定对于用户的神经可塑性最佳的大脑活动的偏差。还优选地提出：确定与EEG频带的偏差，所述EEG频带对于用户的神经可塑性是最佳的。
在一个实施方式中提出：在大脑活动传感器处使用约1Hz至约600Hz、优选约2Hz至约300Hz的信号采样率。在一个设计方案中提出：确定Delta至Gamma的EEG频带。优选地，至少确定约0.5Hz至约4Hz的Delta频带。还优选地，至少确定约4Hz至约6.5Hz的Thelta-1频带。还优选地，至少确定约6.5Hz至约8Hz的Theta-2频带。还优选地，至少确定约8Hz至约13Hz的Alpha频带。
还优选地，至少确定约13Hz至约15Hz的低Beta频带。还优选地，至少确定约15Hz至约21Hz的中等Beta频带。还优选地，至少确定约21Hz至约30Hz的高Beta频带。还优选地，至少确定约30Hz至约80Hz的Gamma频带。
在一个设计方案中提出：在编码模式中借助于该设备对用户提出至少一个学习任务。学习任务例如可以是用户要记忆的图片序列。特别有利地提出：当设备在约3Hz至约8Hz的频带，优选约4至约8Hz，更优选Theta-1频带和/或Theta-2频带中确定幅度增加时，优选幅度相对于之前确定的基准频率提高至少约10％，更优选至少约20％，更有选在幅度超过约20μV、更优选超过约50μV、更优选超过约70μV，设备才建立学习任务。
在另一设计方案中，提前确定用户特定的基准幅度和用户特定地超过作为阈值的基准幅度，以触发确定任务，或通过使用该设备来确定和/或调整。基准幅度根据一个设计方案在休息阶段中、例如在睡眠中或当用户例如具有其休息脉搏时确定，或者在另一设计方案中在处理任务时确定。为了计算基准幅度，优选地在几毫秒的时间段内，例如约10ms至约90ms至几分钟，例如约2min，直到约15分钟的时间段内的幅度平均值。根据一个设计方案，基准幅度能够用作为多个应用之上的恒定量，或者根据另一设计方案动态地在应用之间和/或在一个应用内多次重新确定。
在另一设计方案中提出：在调用模式中，提出记住任务。优选地，记住任务包括：记住之前提出的学习任务的至少一部分。还优选地提出：该设备在如下情况下才提出记住任务：该设备确定约3Hz至约8Hz、优选约4至约8Hz的频带中的、还优选Theta-1频带和/或Theta-2频带的幅度的提高，优选幅度相对于之前确定的基准幅度提高至少约10％，更优选至少约20％，更有选在幅度超过约20μV、更优选超过约50μV、更优选超过约70μV。在另一设计方案中，提前确定用户特定的基准幅度和用户特定的对作为阈值的基准幅度的超过，以触发任务的确定，或通过使用该设备来确定和/或调整。
在另一实施方式中提出：尤其在一个任务期间输出：至少确定Alpha频带和/或Beta频带。还优选地提出：在改变Alpha频带和/或Beta频带改变时，调整任务。如果例如根据频带、优选Alpha频带和/或Beta频带的改变确定：发生尤其极端挫败(sublimaleFrustration)——即在用户感知阈值下的挫败反应，过度需求和/或惩罚反应，那么调整该任务。例如，延缓要记住的图像序列和/或不加速序列的频率。
此外，在一个设计方案中提出和/或调整该任务，使得触发奖赏反应，尤其是内啡肽的释放。此外，在一个设计方案中，提出和/或调整任务，使得测量对于奖赏期望和/或奖赏预测误差而言典型的脑信号。有利地，根据脑信号调节任务。尤其是，该任务尤其通过神经元数据调整，使得用户可以解决该任务。
在另一设计方案中提出：借助于近红外光谱分析确定奖赏反应和/或尤其极端挫败，过度需求和/或惩罚反应。例如，在至少一个颞叶的至少一个区域中进行近红外光谱分析。
在另一设计方案中提出：由大脑活动传感器或神经元数据监控和/或存储信号。此外，在一个实施方式中提出：存储心血管传感器的信号或脉搏数据。优选地提出：根据神经元数据和/或脉搏数据确定用户数据。
例如，提出根据用户数据调整任务，所述用户数据包含至少设备的前次测量或使用的脉搏数据和/或神经元数据。在另一设计方案中提出：现场调整任务，即在使用设备期间进行。在另一设计方案中提出：该设备辅助地和/或自动化地执行尤其痴呆症的诊断。在另一实施方式中提出：根据所确定的用户数据进行诊断、施药(Medikamentation)和/或施药推荐。
在另一设计方案中提出：确定所诱发的电位的幅度。优选地，诱发的电位根据视觉的、听觉的、嗅觉的、味觉的和/或触觉的信息确定，优选在信息呈现开始之后约10ms至约3000ms，更优选地约100ms至约1000ms。还优选地提出：借助于所确定的诱发的电位区分新的和已知的信息。例如能够借助于诱发的电位来确定：用户是否记住信息，优选与用户是否有意识地感知到这无关。优选地，根据至少所确定的诱发的电位优选在考虑信息呈现的情况下来调整任务。
在另一设计方案中提出：尤其在信息呈现开始之后的约100ms至约3000ms、还优选约100ms至约1000ms的时间窗中确定Alpha频带的幅度。还优选地提出：借助Alpha频带的幅度区分新的和已知的信息。优选地，根据至少Alpha频带的幅度优选在考虑信息呈现的情况下调整任务。
在另一设计方案中提出：Theta-1频带的幅度尤其在信息呈现开始之后的约100ms至约3000ms、还优选约100ms至约1000ms的时间窗中确定。还优选地提出：借助于Theta-1频带的幅度区分新的和已知的信息。优选地，根据至少Theta-1频带的幅度优选在考虑信息呈现的情况下调整任务。
在另一设计方案中提出：Theta-2频带的幅度尤其在信息呈现开始之后的约100ms至约3000ms、还优选约100ms至约1000ms的时间窗中确定。还优选地提出：借助于Theta-2频带的幅度区分新的和已知的信息。优选地，根据至少Theta-2频带的幅度优选在考虑信息呈现的情况下调整任务。
本发明意义下的术语理解为至少一个视觉的、听觉的、嗅觉的、味觉的和/或触觉的信息。
诱发的电位是在大脑活动传感器中确定的信号中的电位差，所述信号通过感觉器官或周围神经的刺激而触发。优选地，EEG中所有针对性触发的电现象都是诱发的电位。优选地，诱发的电位的幅度为约0.5μV至约20μV，更优选约1μV至约15μV。
在另一设计方案中提出：例如借助于近红外光谱分析确定脑区的灌注，即血循环。还优选地提出：借助于确定的脑区灌注来区分新的和已知的信息。优选地，根据至少所确定的脑区灌注优选在考虑信息呈现的情况下来调整任务。
在另一实施方式中提出：从心血管传感器的信号中确定脉搏数据。脉搏数据例如可以是心率、逆行脉搏频率、顺行脉搏频率，外周脉搏短绌和/或血压。
在一个特别优选的设计方案中，确定与个体训练脉搏的偏差。例如，优选地在使用设备之前确定用户的最大脉搏。比照用户的年龄例如可以通过下式确定最大脉搏
最大脉搏＝220-以年为单位的年龄
。在一个设计方案中，可以将另外的用户数据采纳到最大脉搏的计算中。优选地提出：借助于训练单元确定最大脉搏，用户优选在使用该设备之前完成该训练单元。尤其是，训练脉搏是对于用户大脑中的神经可塑性最佳的脉搏。训练脉搏优选地与最大脉搏有关。例如，训练脉搏是最大脉搏的约30％至约70％，优选约40％至约60％，更优选约40％至约50％。在另一有利的设计方案中，测量呼吸空气的CO2浓度和/或血液中的氧含量。还有利地，确定训练脉搏，使得用户在此处于无氧阈值。
如果在本发明的范围中使用术语“约”，那么可将其理解为如下公差范围，本领域的技术人员将所述公差范围视作为是常见的，尤其设有±20％、优选±10％的公差范围。术语“基本上”也说明如下公差范围，所述公差范围对于本领技术人员而言在经济和技术角度下遵守，使得相应的特征仍然可以识别为这样的特征。
在一个设计方案中提出：在与对于神经可塑性最佳的大脑活动偏差的情况下刺激用户，以便基本上达到对于神经可塑性最佳的大脑活动。刺激例如能够借助于任务来进行，所述任务尤其借助于输出单元输出。在另一设计方案中提出：刺激是至少一个尤其借助于输出单元对用户的激发或要求，以产生身体上更高的或更低的表现。例如，在一个设计方案中提出：改变有氧运动器材的活动阻力。在另一设计方案中提出：借助于脑内的、脑外的和/或颅外的电流脉冲诱导大脑活动的改变。在另一个设计方案中提出：借助脑内的、脑外的和/或颅外的磁场诱导大脑活动的改变。在另一个设计方案中提出：尤其设有多种措施，以便基本上实现用户的对神经可塑性最佳的大脑活动。
大脑活动至少从如下一个或多个信号或数据中找出，所述信号或数据包括至少一个电信号，优选呈诱发电位形式的EEG信号和/或EEG频带的平均振荡，至少一个脑区中的灌注变化，瞳孔直径和/或观察方向。在一个设计方案中提出：在使用设备之前或期间确定用户的对神经可塑性最佳的大脑活动的值，尤其是，设定最佳的值，所述最佳的值在预期新事物期间和/或在预期奖赏中形成，所述新事物例如是新图像、新气味、新音调，所述奖赏例如是游戏中的积分。优选地，最佳大脑活动专门为用户确定。尤其是，从优选地在使用设备期间确定的用户数据中确定最佳大脑活动。例如，在不同的脉搏数据和神经元数据的情况下必要时重复执行一个或多个任务并且确定最佳大脑活动。
在另一实施方式中提出：在用户脉搏与预设的训练脉搏偏差时刺激用户，以便大致达到训练脉搏。在另一设计方案中提出：刺激是至少一个尤其借助于输出单元对用户的激发或要求，以产生身体上更高的或更低的表现。例如，在一个设计方案中提出：改变有氧运动器材的活动阻力。在另一设计方案中提出：借助于电子刺激仪器使用户基本上置于训练脉搏。
在一个实施方式中提出：至少根据至少一个脉搏数据元素与至少一个神经元数据元素的关联从任务算法中确定任务。在另一设计方案中提出：任务算法借助于至少一个用户数据元素来确定任务。优选地，将至少一个用户数据元素与至少一个脉搏数据元素和至少一个神经元数据元素置于关联，以便确定任务。在另一设计方案中提出：脉搏数据与神经元数据的至少一定数量的关联分别与至少一个任务或任务复合体相关联。还有利地提出：当脉搏数据和神经元数据的关联在限定时间之上大致恒定，例如为约10s至约90秒，优选约20秒至约60秒，更优选约30秒至约40秒时，才由任务算法确定任务。
在另一实施方式中提出：借助于任务算法至少与借助于输入设备的输入关联地确定任务。如果例如将不正确的输入作为对任务的响应输入，那么更简单地建立下一任务。此外，在一个设计方案中提出：借助于任务算法至少与在任务输出和响应输入之间的时间差关联地确定任务。在另一设计方案中提出：与特定的眼睛运动关联地确定任务。
此外，在一个设计方案中提出：在特定的眼睛运动中建立任务。此外，在一个设计方案中提出：当确定特定的神经元数据时，建立任务。
输入能够借助于摇杆、键盘、触摸板、脑信号反馈、用于确定眼睛运动的机构、陀螺仪、脑信号、麦克风和/或按键进行。在一个设计方案中例如提出：使用至少一个脑信号，例如至少一个EEG信号，以便操作输入。
在另一设计方案中提出：根据一个或多个用户的用户数据调整任务算法。
在另一实施方式中提出：至少根据至少一个脉搏数据元素与神经元数据元素的关联控制有氧运动器材的活动阻力。此外，在一个设计方案中提出：至少根据至少一个脉搏数据元素与神经元数据元素的关联控制电子刺激仪器。
在另一实施方式中提出：在使用设备之前借助于至少一个照相机和/或至少一个麦克风记录情景，所述情景借助于输出单元输出。优选地，输出用户平日中的平日情况。在另一设计方案中提出：运动情况或环境尤其从用户或第三者的视角中记录，对任务替选地或与任务相结合地，在使用该设备时将所述情况或环境作为任务输出。例如提出：用户徒步旅行并携带照相机，所述照相机在此期间拍摄照片和/或视频。在使用该设备时，播放图像和/或影片，以便刺激记忆和/或优选自动化地通过该设备进一步优选地根据至少脉搏数据和神经元数据对用户询问插入的照片和/或视频。在另一设计方案中提出：照片和/或视频与运动在有氧运动器材上同步。这里，用户能够有利地例如虚拟地走完徒步路线。
照相机优选是数字照相机，例如CCD照相机。在另一设计方案中提出：照相机包括3D照相机系统，例如立体照相机，具有三角测量系统的照相机，具有光子混合探测器的照相机，具有干涉仪的照相机和/或光场照相机。此外，在一个设计方案中提出：照相机包括全景相机，例如旋转照相机，线扫描照相机，具有至少一个广角镜头或鱼眼镜头的照相机和/或具有蘑菇镜头的照相机。在一个优选的设计方案中提出：照相机是Giroptic Inc.公司的360cam。
在另一设计方案中提出：多个设备彼此交联地构成。在另一设计方案中提出：至少两个用户共同使用该设备。特别地，在一个设计方案中提出：用户共同地和/或相互解决一个任务或多个任务，尤其是一起玩耍。根据一个设计方案，用户能够在解决时估量任务，相互竞争和/或协同操作。尤其是，由每个用户完成心血管操作，优选根据其用户简档。
附图说明
从下面的附图中得出其他有利的设计方案。然而，在那里示出的改进形式不应理解为是限制性的，更确切地说，在那里描述的特征能够相互并且与上面描述的特征组合成另外的设计方案。此外需要指出：在附图描述中说明的附图标记并不限制本发明的保护范围，而是仅参考附图中示出的实施例。相同的部件或具有相同功能的部件在下文中具有相同的附图标记。其示出：
图1示出根据本发明的设备的第一设计方案的示意图；和
图2示出根据本发明的设备的另一设计方案的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出用于神经血管刺激的设备10。所述设备包括多个大脑活动传感器10，所述大脑活动传感器构成用于记录(Abnahme)在头部表面处的EEG信号。此外，设备10包括心血管传感器14，所述心血管传感器例如测量前臂上的脉搏和/或血压。大脑活动传感器10和心血管传感器14的记录的测量值被传输给计算单元16，所述计算单元将测量值转换成神经元数据和脉搏数据。借助于任务算法20，至少脉搏数据和神经元数据，优选地与另外的用户数据置于彼此关联。任务算法20从中确定存储在运算单元16中的任务22，所述任务借助于输出单元18输出，所述输出单元在图1中构成为监视器。使用设备10的用户5操作有氧运动器材26，以达到训练脉搏。优选地，计算单元16操控有氧运动器材26，使得用户5基本上到达训练脉搏并且优选地基本上保持该训练脉搏。例如，计算单元16控制有氧运动器材26的活动阻力。如果计算单元16从脉搏数据中确定：基本上达到对于用户个体化的训练脉搏，并且如果从神经元数据中确定：基本上存在有助于神经可塑性的大脑活动，那么经由输出单元18输出借助于任务算法20确定的任务22。用户5现在借助于输入设备24输入对任务22的响应。优选地，输入设备24将用户5的响应传输给计算单元16。在一个设计方案中，据此建立至少一个另外的任务22，所述任务优选重新借助于任务算法20从脉搏数据和神经元数据中确定。
图2示意地示出设备10的另一设计方案。所述设备包括大脑活动传感器12.1，所述大脑活动传感器被设计为入耳式耳机。入耳式耳机同时用作声学的输出单元18.1。大脑活动传感器12.1与可穿戴在手臂上的计算机、智能手表30连接。智能手表还以有线或无线电连接的方式与构成为胸带的心血管传感器14连接。智能手表30优选经由无线电连接、例如经由移动无线电连接与计算单元16连接，所述计算单元在此示例性地构成为云服务器。根据一个设计方案，在云服务器上存在多个用户的用户数据，所述用户数据借助于移动式的和/或固定式的计算机或分别借助于设备10尤其经由因特网传输到云服务器上。
此外，图2示出：用户5佩戴眼镜32，所述眼镜是设备10的一部分并且所述眼镜优选起输出单元18.2的作用。优选地，眼镜32是增强现实眼镜。此外，眼镜包括用于瞳孔反应的传感器，所述传感器为附加的大脑活动传感器18.2。此外，设有麦克风作为输入设备24，所述麦克风在所示出的设计方案中设置在眼镜32上。在另一设计方案中，麦克风与耳机连接或构成为单个部件。
在此示例性地，用户在构成为跑步机的有氧运动器材26上跑步，所述有氧运动器材尤其不与该设备连接。在另一设计方案中提出：在没有有氧运动器材的情况下用户训练，例如慢跑、步行、徒步或进行其他引起心脏频率提高的身体活动。在所示的示例中，该设备具有电刺激仪器28，所述电刺激仪器影响训练效果，尤其是用户的心脏频率。在此示例性地，电刺激仪器28设置在用户5的大腿上。在另一设计方案中提出：电刺激仪器28设置在用户5的身体的一个或多个任意的部位处。
例如，用户5在健身房在有氧运动器材26上训练。由大脑活动传感器18.1和/或18.2确定的传感器信号和由心血管传感器14确定的传感器信号由智能手表30转换成神经元数据和脉搏数据。经由移动式无线电连接，智能手表将神经元数据和脉搏数据发送给计算单元16，所述计算单元构成为因特网中的云服务器。存储在计算机单元16中的任务算法20从存储在计算机单元16中的多个任务中确定任务22。尤其是，当可能在考虑用户数据的情况下脉搏数据和神经元数据描述对神经可塑性基本上最佳的条件时，才确定任务。确定的任务发送给智能手表30，以便将所述任务借助于输出单元18.1和/或18.2输出。如果还无法借助于任务算法识别对于神经可塑性手段最佳的条件，那么在一个设计方案中，计算单元16要么发送影响大脑活动的任务，和/或发送用于操控电刺激仪器28的信号。此外，一个设计方案提出：用户5获得关于其神经元数据和/或其脉搏数据的反馈，所述反馈例如以图形的方式借助于输出单元18.2输出。用户可以将其身体训练定向于脉搏数据。尤其是，为用户优选以图形或颜色的方式显示：其是否具有对于神经可塑性基本上最佳的训练脉搏。此外，在一个设计方案中提出：为用户经由输出单元18.1和/或18.2输出听觉和/或视觉刺激，尤其是以刺激大脑活动。
在输出任务之后，用户语音地响应该任务，其中输入设备24接收语音输入，并且将该语音输入转发给智能手表30或计算单元16，以进行评估。此后，可能以一定时间间隔进一步确定另一任务22。尤其是，在确定新的任务22时考虑至少一个之前的任务22和分别对至少一个之前的任务22作出的响应。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于神经血管刺激的设备(10)，其包括：至少一个大脑活动传感器(12)，至少一个心血管传感器(14)，至少一个计算单元(16)和至少一个输出单元(18)，其中所述计算单元(16)具有至少一个任务算法(20)，其中借助于所述计算单元(16)能够接收至少所述大脑活动传感器(12)和所述心血管传感器(14)的信号，并且借助于所述任务算法(20)确定任务(22)并且能够借助于所述输出单元(18)输出所述任务，所述任务至少与至少所述大脑活动传感器(12)的信号和所述心血管传感器(14)的信号关联。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备(10)，其特征在于，所述设备(10)包括至少一个输入设备(24)。
3.根据权利要求1至2中一项或多项所述的设备(10)，其特征在于，所述设备(10)包括有氧运动器材(26)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中一项或多项所述的设备(10)，其特征在于，借助于所述任务算法(20)能够至少将出自所述大脑活动传感器(12)的信号中的神经元数据和出自所述心血管传感器(12)的信号中的脉搏数据建立彼此关联。
5.一种用于控制用于神经血管刺激的设备(10)的方法，所述设备包括：至少一个大脑活动传感器(12)，至少一个心血管传感器(14)，至少一个计算单元(16)和至少一个输出单元(18)，其中所述计算单元(16)具有至少一个任务算法(20)，其中借助于所述计算单元(16)接收至少所述大脑活动传感器(12)和所述心血管传感器(14)的信号，并且借助于所述任务算法(20)确定任务(22)并且借助于所述输出单元(18)输出所述任务，所述任务至少与至少所述大脑活动传感器(12)的信号和所述心血管传感器(14)的信号关联。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，从所述大脑活动传感器(12)的信号中确定神经元数据。
7.根据权利要求5至6中一项或多项所述的方法，其特征在于，从所述心血管传感器(14)的所述信号中确定脉搏数据。
8.根据权利要求6和7所述的方法，其特征在于，至少根据至少一个脉搏数据元素与神经元数据元素的关联借助于所述任务算法(20)确定所述任务(22)。
9.根据权利要求5至8中一项或多项所述的方法，其特征在于，借助于所述任务算法(20)至少与借助于所述输入设备(24)的输入相关联地确定所述任务(22)。
10.根据权利要求6至9中一项或多项所述的方法，其特征在于，至少根据至少一个脉搏数据元素与神经元数据元素的关联控制有氧运动器材(26)的活动阻力。
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