CN108878665B - 有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置 - Google Patents
有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置,该有机电致发光器件包括:第一电极、第二电极和位于第一电极和第二之间的显示功能层,第一电极和显示功能层之间的部分区域设置有电致变色图形,电致变色图形和显示功能层之间形成有第三电极。本发明提供的有机电致发光器件可在不影响其自身亮度的情况下,具有较大的色温调节范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域,特别涉及一种有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件(Organic Light-Emitting Devices,简称OLED)凭借其固态发光、视角宽、功耗低、响应速度快、耐高低温等一系列优异特性,已广泛应用于平板显示、固态照明、透明显示、柔性显示和照明等多个领域。
其中,能够发出白光的OLED在显示或照明领域应用最为广泛。例如,将有OLED运用于白光照明行业,“人造太阳光”技术,是透过改变有OLED的阳极和阴极电压,调整红、蓝、绿三原色的波段组合,让原本是阴天白的OLED光色,可发出如太阳光晨昏、阴晴各种状态的自然光色和色温,创造出不同时段、不同气候、不同纬度地区的太阳光色。
然而,现有技术中只能通过电压控制来实现对有OLED的色温进行调整,且单纯通过电压来调整色温,无法使得OLED覆盖全色温。更重要的是,在调节的过程中当前后两次色温差异较大时,施加于OLED的阳极和阴极电压的变化也较大,从而导致具有上述OLED的显示器或照明装置的发光亮度产生较大的差异。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一,提出了一种有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种有机电致发光器件,包括:第一电极、第二电极和位于所述第一电极和第二之间的显示功能层;
所述第一电极和所述显示功能层之间的部分区域设置有电致变色图形,所述电致变色图形和所述显示功能层之间形成有第三电极。
可选地,所述第三电极与所述显示功能层之间以及所述第一电极与所述显示功能层之间还设置有平坦化层。
可选地,所述平坦化层的材料为导电高分子材料。
可选地,所述平坦化层的厚度包括:100nm~300nm。
可选地,所述第一电极为金属电极,所述第二电极和所述第三电极为透明电极。
可选地,所述第一电极的材料包括铝和/或银。
可选地,所述第一电极的厚度包括:10nm~300nm;
所述第二电极的厚度包括:10nm~20nm;
所述第三电极的厚度包括:5nm~20nm。
可选地,所述显示功能层包括:发光层。
可选地,所述显示功能层还包括:电子传输层和空穴传输层。
可选地,所述电致变色图形的材料为无机电致变色材料,所述无机电致变色材料包括:三氧化钨;
所述电致变色图形的材料为有机电致变色材料,所述有机电致变色材料包括:聚噻吩类及其衍生物、紫罗精类、四硫富瓦烯、金属酞菁类化合物中的至少一种。
为实现上述目的,本发明还提供了一种有机电致发光器件的制备方法,包括:
在衬底基板的上方形成第一电极;
在所述第一电极的上方的部分区域内形成电致变色图形;
在所述电致变色图形的上方形成第三电极;
在所述第一电极上方未覆盖有所述电致变色图形的区域以及所述第三电极的上方形成显示功能层;
在所述显示功能层的上方形成第二电极。
为实现上述目的,本发明还提供了一种显示装置,包括:有机电致发光器件,所述有机电致发光器件采用上述的有机电致发光器件。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供了一种有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置,该有机电致发光器件包括:第一电极、第二电极和位于第一电极和第二之间的显示功能层,第一电极和显示功能层之间的部分区域设置有电致变色图形,电致变色图形和显示功能层之间形成有第三电极。本发明提供的有机电致发光器件可在不影响其自身亮度的情况下,具有较大的色温调节范围
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一提供的一种有机电致发光器件的结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施例二提供的一种有机电致发光器件的制备方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合附图对本发明提供的一种有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置进行详细描述。
图1为本发明实施例一提供的一种有机电致发光器件的结构示意图,如图1所示,该有机电致发光器件位于衬底基板1的上方,该有机电致发光器件包括:第一电极2、第二电极10和位于第一电极2和第二之间10的显示功能层6,第一电极2和显示功能层6之间的部分区域设置有电致变色图形3,电致变色图形3和显示功能层6之间形成有第三电极4。
本发明中的电致变色图形3是由电致变色材料构成,电致变色材料的光学属性(反射率、透过率、吸收率、折射率等)在外加电场的作用下发生稳定、可逆的颜色变化,在外观上表现为颜色和透明度的可逆变化。电致变色材料可为无机电致变色材料或有机电致变色材料。其中,无机电致变色材料包括:三氧化钨(化学式WO3);有机电致变色材料包括:聚噻吩类及其衍生物、紫罗精类、四硫富瓦烯、金属酞菁类化合物中的至少一种。
需要说明的是,有机电致发光器件内的电致发光图形3的数量可以为1个、2个或多个,本发明对电致发光图形3的数量不作限定,附图中仅示例性画出了1个电致发光图形。
本发明中的显示功能层6至少包括:发光层8。在第一电极2和第二电极10施加电压后形成有正、负载流子,正、负载流子在发光层8中相遇形成激子,激子复合将能量传递给构成发光层8的有机发光材料,有机发光材料中的原子受到激发,从基态跃迁到激发态,当受激原子回到基态时辐射跃迁而产生发光现象。可选地,发光层8的厚度包括:5nm~50nm。
在外场电压的作用下,有机电致发光器件的阳极和阴极发出的正、负载流子在发光层中复合产生的能量,可以一定频率在受激原子与受激原子辐射出的光子之间振荡。在此情况下,光子在有阴极和阳极构成的光学微腔中被退激原子吸收,再辐射,再吸收,从而使得该光学微腔具有发射峰处发射强度增强的效应。
在本发明中,第一电极2和第二电极10中的一者作为阳极,另一者作为阴极,阳极在外电场的作用下产生正载流子(即空穴),阴极在外电场的作用下产生负载流子(即电子)。本实施例中,以第一电极2作为阳极,第二电极10作为阴极进行示例性描述。
此外,本发明中的有机电致发光器件为顶发射型有机电致发光器件,此时第一电极2为金属材料构成的金属电极,第二电极10为透明导电材料构成的透明电极,其中,金属电极的表面构成金属镜,用于将发光层8产生的光线进行反射,以使得光线从第二电极侧射出。
可选地,第一电极2的材料包括铝、银中的至少一种,第二电极10的材料包括氧化铟锡(Indium Tin Oxides,简称:ITO)、氧化铟锌(Indium Zinc Oxide,简称:IZO)中的一种。
此外,为保证发光层产生的光能够透过第三电极4以在第一电极2的表面发生反射,第三电极4需为透明电极。可选地,第三电极4的材料包括ITO、IZO中的至少一种。
本发明提供的有机电致发光器件具有比现有技术中的有机电致发光器件更大的色温调节范围,下面将对本发明的发明原理进行详细描述。
在本实施例中,有机电致发光器件中未设置有电致变色图形3的区域构成第一光学微腔,有机电致发光器件中设置有电致变色图形的区域构成第二光学微腔。在第一光学微腔中,第一电极作为阳极,第二电极作为阴极;在第二光学微腔中,第三电极作为阳极,第二电极作为阴极。
垂直发光平面的光学微腔发射光谱强度Ic(λ)的公式如下:
其中,λ为发光层8发出的光线的波长,x为光学微腔内发光层8到阳极的距离,Rm和Rd分别为光学微腔中金属镜(第一电极2)和介质镜(一般由三层氧化硅和三层氧化钛胶体构成,图中未示出)的镜面反射率,L为光学微腔的有效光学厚度,En(λ)为原始光谱(自由空间的光谱)的分布。
此外,光学微腔的有效光学厚度L:
其中,norg为光学微腔中光线所通过的全部膜层的等效折射率,dorg为光学微腔中光线所通过的全部膜层总膜厚,φ1和φ2分别为金属镜和介质镜的反射相移。
假定第一光学微腔与第二光学微腔中阳极与阴极的压差相同时,则第一光学微腔中的发光层发出的光的波长与第二光学微腔中的发光层发出的光的波长相同。根据上述公式(1)和(2)可见,由于第一光学微腔中发光层8到阳极(第一电极2)的距离H1与第二光学微腔中发光层8到阳极(第三电极4)的距离H2不相等,因此第一光学微腔发射光谱的强度与第二光学微腔发射光谱的强度不等。即在相同的压差下,第一光学微腔发射出光线的波长与第二光学微腔发射出光线的波长不等,两者的色温也不等。
具体地,由于第一光学微腔中发光层8到阳极(第一电极2)的距离H1大于第二光学微腔中发光层8到阳极(第三电极4)的距离H2,因此在相同的压差下,第一光学微腔发射光谱强度大于第二光学微腔发射光谱强度,此时第一光学微腔发出的光的光谱能量分布于长波的成分较多,第一光学微腔发出的光线的色温低、颜色偏红;第二光学微腔发出的光的光谱能量分布于短波的成分较多(第二光学微腔发出的光线的波长小于第一光学微腔发出的光线的波长),第一光学微腔发出的光线的色温高、颜色偏蓝。即,在相同的压差下,第一光学微腔与第二光学微腔发出不同色温的光线。
由此可见,在相同的压差(阳极与阴极的电压之差)调节范围内,第二光学微腔具有与第一光学微腔不同的色温调节范围。
在此基础上,当第一光学微腔中具有第一色温的光线与第二光学微腔中具有第二色温的光线叠后,能够使得该有机电致发光器件发出具有第三色温的光线。其中,第一色温、第二色温以及第三色温可以互不相同。这样一来,第一色温和第二色温均可以对第三色温的数值高低产生影响,因此能够增加有机电致放光器件的色温调节范围。
此外,虽然本发明提供的有机电致发光器件中的第一光学微腔与现有的有机电致发光器件中的光学微腔类似,仅能通过改变阳极(第一电极2)和阴极(第二电极10)之间的压差,以实现第一光学微腔发射光谱的强度Ic(λ)的改变,从而实现色温的改变。但是,本发明提供的有机电致发光器件中的第二光学微腔不仅能通过改变阳极(第三电极4)和阴极(第二电极10)之间的压差,来实现第二光学微腔发出光线的色温的变化。此外,在第二光学微腔中,还能通过改变第一电极2与第三电极4之间的压差来实现第二光学微腔发出光线的色温的变化。
具体地,通过改变第一电极2与第三电极4之间的压差,可对电致变色图形3的折射率进行改变,相应地,第二光学微腔中全部膜层的等效折射率发生改变.根据公式(2)可知,第二光学微腔的有效光学厚度也会发生改变。此时,第二光学微腔发射光谱强度也会相应改变,第二光学微腔发出的光线的色温也改变。
由此可见,电致发光图形3的设置可实现第二光学微腔的有效光学厚度可调,相应地,第二光学微腔的色温可调范围增大,从而能进一步地提升有机电致放光器件的色温调节范围。
此外,由于上述第三色温由第一色温和第二色温叠加而成,因此即使对第一色温和第二色温进行微调,由于第一色温和第二色温变化值的叠加量会作用于第三色温,因此第三色温数值仍然能够实现较大幅度的变化。而上述调整过程只是对第一色温和第二色温进行微调,因此第一光学微腔和第二光学微腔中阳极与阴极的压差并未发生较大的变化,从而避免造成有机电致发光器件在色温调整前后出现亮度差异较大的问题。
本实施例中可选地,第一电极2的厚度为10nm~300nm。当第一电极2的厚度小于100nm时,第一电极2的反射率较差(光线容易穿透第一电极),从而导致有机电致发光器件的出光率较低;当第一电极2的厚度大于300nm时,由于厚度太大从而会导致有机电致发光器件的整体厚度增加,不利于器件的超薄化设计。
可选地,第二电极10的厚度包括:10nm~20nm,第三电极4的厚度包括:5nm~20nm。将第二电极10和第三电极4设计在上述范围,可在保证第二电极10和第三电极4具有较佳导电率的同时,不会影响器件的超薄化设计。
可选地,显示功能层还包括:空穴传输层7和电子传输层9,其中电子传输层9位于第二电极10(阴极)和发光层8之间,空穴传输层7位于第三电极4(阳极)和发光层8之间。电子传输层9和空穴传输层7可分别用于提升有机电致发光器件中电子和空穴的传输效率。可选地,电子传输层9的厚度包括5nm~50nm;空穴传输层7的厚度包括5nm~50nm。
可选地,第三电极4与显示功能层6之间以及第一电极2与显示功能层6之间还设置有平坦化层5。进一步地,平坦化层5的材料为导电高分子材料。例如,PEDOT:PSS,其中PEDOT为EDOT(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩单体)的聚合物,PSS为聚苯乙烯磺酸盐。此时,平坦化层5不仅可以起到平坦化作用,还可以起到导电和空穴注入的作用。
可选地,平坦化层5的厚度包括:100nm~300nm。当平坦层5的厚度小于100nm时,由于厚度太薄因此平坦效果并不理想。此外,当平坦层5的厚度大于300nm时,虽然具有理想的平坦效果,但是会增加器件的厚度,不利于器件超薄化的设计。
本发明实施例一提供了一种有机电致发光器件,该有机电致发光器件不仅可通过改变阴极和阳极之间的压差来调整光线的色温,而且还可以通过改变第一电极与第三电极之间的压差来调整电致变色图形的折射率,从而来调整光线的色温,进而使得有机电致放光器件具有较大的色温调节范围。
实施例二
图2为本发明实施例二提供的一种有机电致发光器件的制备方法的流程图,如图2所示,该制备方法用于制备上述实施例一中提供的有机电致发光器件,该制备方法包括:
步骤S1、在衬底基板的上方形成第一电极。
具体地,在衬底基板的表面形成一层厚度为10nm~300nm的第一导电材料薄膜,以得到第一电极。可选地,该第一导电材料包括铝、银中的至少一种。
需要说明的是,本发明中的形成薄膜的工艺包括但不限于涂布工艺、沉积工艺。
步骤S2、在第一电极的上方的部分区域内形成电致变色图形。
具体地,首先在步骤S1所得到的基板的表面形成电致变色材料薄膜,然后对该电致变色材料薄膜进行一次构图工艺以得到电致变色图形。
需要说明的是,本发明中的构图工艺具体是指至少包括光刻胶涂布、曝光、显影、刻蚀、光刻胶剥离等工艺。
其中,电致变色材料包括:无机电致变色材料或有机电致变色材料。无机电致变色材料包括:三氧化钨;有机电致变色材料包括:聚噻吩类及其衍生物、紫罗精类、四硫富瓦烯、金属酞菁类化合物中的至少一种。
步骤S3、在电致变色图形的上方形成第三电极。
具体地,首先在步骤S2所得到的基板的表面形成厚度为5nm~20nm的第三导电材料薄膜,然后对该第三导电材料薄膜进行一次构图工艺以得到第三电极的图形,其中,第三电极位于电致变色图形的上方。
可选地,第三导电材料包括ITO、IZO中的至少一种。
当然,本发明中也可先依次在步骤S1所得到的基板的表明形成电致变色材料薄膜和第三导电材料薄膜,然后对电致变色材料薄膜和第三导电材料薄膜进行一次构图工艺,以同时得到电致变色图形和第三电极图形。
步骤S4、在第一电极上方未覆盖有电致变色图形的区域以及第三电极的上方形成显示功能层。
可选地,步骤S4包括:
首先,在步骤S3所得到的基板的表面形成厚度为5nm~50nm的空穴传输层。该空穴传输层的材料包括N,N′-二(1-萘基)-N,N′-二苯基-1,1′-联苯-4-4′-二胺构。
然后,在空穴传输层的表面形成厚度为5nm~50nm的发光层。其中该发光层可为单层结构的发光层,也可为具有多层结构的发光层。
接着,在发光层的表面形成厚度为5nm~50nm的电子传输层。,该电子传输层的材料可以由Bphen(4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲啰啉)形构成。
需要说明的是,本实施例中还可在进行步骤S4之前,先在S3所得到的基板的表面形成厚度为100nm~300nm的平坦化层,然后在平坦化层的上方形成显示功能层。其中,平坦化层的材料为导电高分子材料,例如PEDOT:PSS。该坦化层不仅可以起到平坦化作用,还可以起到导电和空穴注入的作用。
步骤S5、在显示功能层的上方形成第二电极。
具体地,在步骤S4所得到的基板的表面形成厚度为10nm~20nm的第二导电材料薄膜,以得到第二电极。可选地,该第二导电材料包括ITO、IZO中的至少一种。
实施例三
本发明实施例三提供了一种显示装置,包括:有机电致发光器件,该有机电致发光器件采用上述实施例一中提供的有机电致发光器件,具体内容可参见前述内容,此处不再赘述。
本实施例中的显示装置可以电视机、数码相框、手机或平板电脑等任何具有显示功能的产品或者部件。
可以理解的是,以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式,然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下,可以做出各种变型和改进,这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (12)
1.一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,包括:第一电极、第二电极和位于所述第一电极和第二之间的显示功能层;
所述第一电极和所述显示功能层之间的部分区域设置有电致变色图形,所述电致变色图形和所述显示功能层之间形成有第三电极;
其中,所述有机电致发光器件划分有第一光学微腔区域和第二光学微腔区域,所述第二光学微腔区域位于所述第一光学微腔区域之外;
所述第一光学微腔区域和所述第二光学微腔区域内均设置有所述第一电极、所述第二电极和所述显示功能层;
所述第二光学微腔区域内还设置有所述电致变色图形和所述第三电极,且所述第一光学微腔区域内未设置有所述电致变色图形和所述第三电极。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述第三电极与所述显示功能层之间以及所述第一电极与所述显示功能层之间还设置有平坦化层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述平坦化层的材料为导电高分子材料。
4.根据权利要求2所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述平坦化层的厚度包括:100nm~300nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述第一电极为金属电极,所述第二电极和所述第三电极为透明电极。
6.根据权利要求1所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述第一电极的材料包括铝和/或银。
7.根据权利要求1所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述第一电极的厚度包括:10nm~300nm;
所述第二电极的厚度包括:10nm~20nm;
所述第三电极的厚度包括:5nm~20nm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述显示功能层包括:发光层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述显示功能层还包括:电子传输层和空穴传输层。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述电致变色图形的材料为无机电致变色材料,所述无机电致变色材料包括:三氧化钨;
所述电致变色图形的材料为有机电致变色材料,所述有机电致变色材料包括:聚噻吩类及其衍生物、紫罗精类、四硫富瓦烯、金属酞菁类化合物中的至少一种。
11.一种有机电致发光器件的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机电致发光器件划分有第一光学微腔区域和第二光学微腔区域,所述第二光学微腔区域位于所述第一光学微腔区域之外,所述制备方法包括:
在衬底基板的上方形成第一电极,所述第一电极形成于所述第一光学微腔区域和第二光学微腔区域;
在所述第一电极的上方的部分区域内形成电致变色图形,所述电致变色图形形成于所述第二光学微腔区域且未形成于所述第一光学微腔区域;
在所述电致变色图形的上方形成第三电极,所述第三电极形成于所述第二光学微腔区域且未形成于所述第一光学微腔区域;
在所述第一电极上方未覆盖有所述电致变色图形的区域以及所述第三电极的上方形成显示功能层,所述显示功能层形成于所述第一光学微腔区域和第二光学微腔区域;
在所述显示功能层的上方形成第二电极,所述第二电极形成于所述第一光学微腔区域和第二光学微腔区域。
12.一种显示装置,其特征在于,包括:如上述权利要求1-10中任一所述的有机电致发光器件。
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BR112018009404-8A BR112018009404B1 (pt) | 2017-05-12 | 2017-09-18 | Dispositivo de emissão de luz orgânico, aparelho de display, método para controlar temperatura de cor de luz emitida de dispositivo de emissão de luz orgânico, e método para fabricar dispositivo de emissão de luz orgânico |
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