CN108875099B - Baseline selection method based on long and short baseline interferometer direction-finding system - Google Patents
Baseline selection method based on long and short baseline interferometer direction-finding system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a baseline selection method based on a long and short baseline interferometer direction-finding system, which utilizes the long and short baseline interferometer angle-finding principle to combine MATLAB simulation to perform long and short baseline ambiguity resolution angle-finding modeling and simulation, by setting system parameters such as different frequencies and measured angles, the ambiguity resolving capability of the interferometer under different baseline size combinations is analyzed, the optimal baseline size structure configuration of the long and short baseline angle measurement model under the known working frequency band is given, namely under the premise of giving the working frequency range and the angle measurement range of the system, by selecting a proper size relation between a long base line and a short base line, the direction-finding system has the widest base line phase error tolerance, therefore, the success rate of the interferometer without ambiguity in angle measurement under the condition of large phase errors is improved, and the direction measurement performance of a direction measurement system adopting a long-short baseline interferometer direction measurement system under the influence of factors such as a system and an environment in practical application is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a baseline selection method, in particular to a baseline selection method based on a long and short baseline interferometer direction-finding system.
Background
The interferometer direction-finding system has the advantages of simple algorithm, high precision and high sensitivity, and becomes a direction-finding system with more international applications. The two-dimensional direction finding device can be used for simultaneously and accurately finding the azimuth angle and the pitch angle in two dimensions, is insensitive to the polarization error and the amplitude of signals, is flexible in antenna layout, and is suitable for various application occasions such as vehicle-mounted and airborne.
The monitoring and receiving of the broadband signal make the direction finding of the interferometer have to face the processing of the high-frequency band signal and ensure the high angle measuring precision of the low-frequency band, and the technical requirements can cause the problem of phase ambiguity, namely, the phase discriminator can not output more than the high angle measuring precision
When the wave path difference between two array elements is larger than half of the wavelength, the measured phase difference exists
An
Blur of (1)
Is an integer). In order to solve such problems, the ambiguity resolution technology of the conventional interferometer is continuously innovated and developed, and a plurality of methods such as a three-dimensional baseline method, a long and short baseline method, an auxiliary baseline method, a virtual baseline method and the like are generated. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, but due to the limitation of application environment, some occasions are only suitable for the antenna layout form of long and short baselines, and the design principle of the interferometer antenna array is that the minimum antenna units are utilized to achieve the direction-finding performance index, the phase noise has good robustness (namely the maximum phase-finding error tolerance under the condition of ensuring a certain ambiguity resolution probability mentioned in a simulation algorithm), and the ambiguity can be resolved correctly in the environment with large interference, wherein the most basic problem to be researched is the ambiguity resolution angle measurement model of the long and short baselines based on double baselines. Although some methods and principles for designing long and short baselines are provided in published works and papers, most of the baselines are provided with the size and the structure of the baselines in certain relations according to the remainder theorem, and the consideration of the relation between the value of the size of the baselines and the value of the margin of error of baseline phase measurement is only insufficient in terms of point-band planes. In combination with practical application, what kind of baseline selection can meet the design requirements of the interferometer, not only can meet the requirement of angle measurement precision, but also can ensure the correct angle measurement range in a large interference environment, and the problem to be solved at present is urgently solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a baseline selection method based on a long-short baseline interferometer direction-finding system, and solves the problem of design contradiction between high-precision angle measurement and angle measurement ambiguity resolution of a traditional long-short baseline interferometer side system in a large interference environment in specific engineering application.
A baseline selection method based on a long and short baseline interferometer direction-finding system comprises the following specific steps:
first step, establishing a long-short baseline interferometer direction-finding system baseline selection simulation system
A long and short baseline interferometer direction-finding system baseline selection simulation system comprises: the device comprises a parameter setting module, a phase error generating module, a phase difference determining module, an angle determining module and a result displaying module.
The function of the parameter setting module is as follows: initializing simulation experiment parameters; the phase error generating module has the functions of: generating a phase error; the function of the phase difference determining module is as follows: determining the phase difference generated by the long baseline and the short baseline according to the parameters provided by the parameter setting module and the phase error generated by the phase error generating module; the function of the angle determination module is as follows: determining the corresponding generated signal incidence angles of the long and short baselines according to the phase difference generated by the long and short baselines determined by the phase difference determining module; the function of the result display module is as follows: and displaying a simulation result of the incident angle of the signal.
Second step parameter setting module sets simulation experiment parameters
The parameters to be set by the parameter setting module comprise a baseline size, an operating frequency, an angle measurement range and a constant.
According to the requirements of practical application and with reference to the design requirements of missile-borne radar, the parameter setting module selects a plurality of groups of baseline size, working frequency band and angle measurement range data in a simulation experiment as simulation experiment parameters and transmits the simulation experiment parameters to the phase difference determining module.
The third step is that the phase error generating module generates the phase error
The phase error generation module simulates the phase error caused by phase measurement noise, the magnitude of the generated phase error is determined according to the system design requirement and the statistical result of the actual engineering development process, and the value is set in the range of 10-180 degrees and selected according to the requirement of a simulation experiment. The phase error data generated by the phase error generation module is communicated to the phase difference determination module.
The fourth step phase difference determining module determines the phase difference generated by the long and short baselines
The phase difference determining module determines the phase difference generated by the long and short bases according to the parameters provided by the parameter setting module and the phase error generated by the phase error generating module. The lateral principle of the direction-finding system of the long-short baseline interferometer is as follows:
the single baseline interferometer side equation is:
in the formula:
For the direction-finding system of the long and short baseline interferometer, the direction-finding system consists of three direction-finding antennas, wherein an antenna a and an antenna b form a short baseline, and the dimension of the baseline is
The antenna a and the antenna c form a long base line, and the size of the base line is
. Plane electromagnetic wave
For incidence on three direction-finding antennas at an incident angle, the wave path difference of electromagnetic waves arriving at the antennas is respectively
And
phase due to wave path differenceThe potential difference is
And
namely:
in the formula:
According to the formula (2), the phase difference determining module determines the phase difference generated by the long baseline and the short baseline of the direction-finding system of the long baseline and the short baseline interferometer, and then the phase error generated by the phase error generating module is superposed and transmitted to the angle determining module.
The fifth step angle determining module determines the signal incidence angle generated by the long and short baselines
Because the actual baseline phase difference is directly obtained by the phase discriminator, only the actual baseline phase difference is obtained by the phase discriminator
The phase principal value of the interval, as the incident frequency of the signal increases and the influence of the phase error, phase ambiguity of different degrees appears on the long and short baselines, so that the angle determination is actually a process of angle measurement and ambiguity resolution.
Firstly, in order to simulate the phase output characteristic of the phase detector, the phase value determined by the phase difference determining module needs to be subjected to phase main value, namely, the phase difference is planned to
An interval. Secondly, an angle measurement ambiguity resolution mode is selected. The determination of the ambiguity of angle measurement solution is carried out by adopting an 'improved search method', and the 'improved search method' is represented by the formula:
in the formula:
obtaining the main value of the phase measurement generated by the long and short baselines
And
. Then, according to the limiting condition, namely the boundary value of the unambiguous angle measurement range, the incident angle of the signal under the traversal limiting condition is
All phase differences resulting from long and short baselines, i.e.
And
wherein
A set of representations is presented that are,
all of the short baseline phase differences are represented,
means all ofLong baseline phase difference. Then, the incident angle of the signal is inversely calculated according to an interferometer angle measurement formula (2), so that an angle solution space generated by two base lines is obtained
And
wherein
The space of the solution is represented by,
all angle solution values generated by the short baseline are represented,
all angle solution values generated for the long baseline are indicated. Comparing all angle values of the angle solution space of the long and short baselines, namely the difference between two baseline solution angles
When the difference is taken to be minimum, that is
The solution value of the incident angle generated by the long base line is used as an angle measurement result, so that the non-fuzzy angle measurement and the angle measurement precision are ensured. The angle measurement result is transmitted to the result display module.
The sixth step, the result display module displays the simulation result of the incident angle of the signal
The result display module displays the simulation result of the signal incidence angle in a data mapping mode, different experimental parameters are changed every time, the result display module provides a corresponding data curve graph, the simulation algorithm is improved according to the data curve graph, and the result is analyzed.
Thus, the selection of the baseline of the direction-finding system of the interferometer is completed.
The method utilizes mathematical simulation software, adopts an angle search ambiguity-solving method with improved long and short baselines, and performs mathematical simulation on the direction finding process under the conditions of a targeted system working frequency band and antenna receiving aperture by continuously and dynamically setting parameters such as the size of the short baseline, the phase error of the short baseline and the like. The simulation results are compared and analyzed, the accuracy and the feasibility of the baseline selection method are verified, and the method is proved to be capable of well solving the contradiction between the angle measurement precision and the angle measurement ambiguity resolution range of the long and short baseline interferometer direction-finding system, so that the design guarantee which is well closer to practical application is effectively provided for the baseline layout of the long and short baseline interferometer direction-finding system, and the purpose of optimizing the design of the interferometers is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a baseline selection method based on a long and short baseline interferometer direction-finding system.
Detailed Description
A baseline selection method based on a long and short baseline interferometer direction-finding system comprises the following specific steps:
first step, establishing a long-short baseline interferometer direction-finding system baseline selection simulation system
A long and short baseline interferometer direction-finding system baseline selection simulation system comprises: the device comprises a parameter setting module, a phase error generating module, a phase difference determining module, an angle determining module and a result displaying module.
The function of the parameter setting module is as follows: initializing simulation experiment parameters; the phase error generating module has the functions of: generating a phase error; the function of the phase difference determining module is as follows: determining the phase difference generated by the long baseline and the short baseline according to the parameters provided by the parameter setting module and the phase error generated by the phase error generating module; the function of the angle determination module is as follows: determining the corresponding generated signal incidence angles of the long and short baselines according to the phase difference generated by the long and short baselines determined by the phase difference determining module; the function of the result display module is as follows: and displaying a simulation result of the incident angle of the signal.
Second step parameter setting module sets simulation experiment parameters
The parameters to be set by the parameter setting module comprise a baseline size, an operating frequency, an angle measurement range and a constant.
According to the requirements of practical application and with reference to the design requirements of missile-borne radar, the parameter setting module selects a plurality of groups of baseline size, working frequency band and angle measurement range data in a simulation experiment as simulation experiment parameters and transmits the simulation experiment parameters to the phase difference determining module.
The third step is that the phase error generating module generates the phase error
The phase error generation module simulates the phase error caused by phase measurement noise, the magnitude of the generated phase error is determined according to the system design requirement and the statistical result of the actual engineering development process, and the value is set in the range of 10-180 degrees and selected according to the requirement of a simulation experiment. The phase error data generated by the phase error generation module is communicated to the phase difference determination module.
The fourth step phase difference determining module determines the phase difference generated by the long and short baselines
The phase difference determining module determines the phase difference generated by the long and short bases according to the parameters provided by the parameter setting module and the phase error generated by the phase error generating module. The lateral principle of the direction-finding system of the long-short baseline interferometer is as follows:
the single baseline interferometer side equation is:
in the formula:
For the direction-finding system of the long and short baseline interferometer, the direction-finding system consists of three direction-finding antennas, wherein an antenna a and an antenna b form a short baseline, and the dimension of the baseline is
The antenna a and the antenna c form a long base line, and the size of the base line is
. Plane electromagnetic wave
For incidence on three direction-finding antennas at an incident angle, the wave path difference of electromagnetic waves arriving at the antennas is respectively
And
the phase difference caused by the wave path difference is
And
namely:
in the formula:
According to the formula (2), the phase difference determining module determines the phase difference generated by the long baseline and the short baseline of the direction-finding system of the long baseline and the short baseline interferometer, and then the phase error generated by the phase error generating module is superposed and transmitted to the angle determining module.
The fifth step angle determining module determines the signal incidence angle generated by the long and short baselines
Because the actual baseline phase difference is directly obtained by the phase discriminator, only the actual baseline phase difference is obtained by the phase discriminator
The phase principal value of the interval, as the incident frequency of the signal increases and the influence of the phase error, phase ambiguity of different degrees appears on the long and short baselines, so that the angle determination is actually a process of angle measurement and ambiguity resolution.
Firstly, in order to simulate the phase output characteristic of the phase detector, the phase value determined by the phase difference determining module needs to be subjected to phase main value, namely, the phase difference is planned to
An interval. Secondly, an angle measurement ambiguity resolution mode is selected. The determination of the ambiguity of angular solution is carried out by using an 'improved search method' which is disclosed by the publicFormula (II):
in the formula:
Obtaining the main value of the phase measurement generated by the long and short baselines
And
. Then, according to the limiting condition, namely the boundary value of the unambiguous angle measurement range, the incident angle of the signal under the traversal limiting condition is
All phase differences resulting from long and short baselines, i.e.
And
wherein
A set of representations is presented that are,
all of the short baseline phase differences are represented,
all long baseline phase differences are indicated. Then, the incident angle of the signal is inversely calculated according to an interferometer angle measurement formula (2), so that an angle solution space generated by two base lines is obtained
And
wherein
The space of the solution is represented by,
all angle solution values generated by the short baseline are represented,
all angle solution values generated for the long baseline are indicated. Comparing all angle values of the angle solution space of the long and short baselines, namely the difference between two baseline solution angles
When the difference is taken to be minimum, that is
The solution value of the incident angle generated by the long base line is used as an angle measurement result, so that the non-fuzzy angle measurement and the angle measurement precision are ensured. The angle measurement result is transmitted to the result display module.
The sixth step, the result display module displays the simulation result of the incident angle of the signal
The result display module displays the simulation result of the signal incidence angle in a data mapping mode, different experimental parameters are changed every time, the result display module provides a corresponding data curve graph, the simulation algorithm is improved according to the data curve graph, and the result is analyzed.
Thus, the selection of the baseline of the direction-finding system of the interferometer is completed.
Claims (1)
1. A baseline selection method for a direction-finding system of a long and short baseline interferometer is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
first step, establishing a long-short baseline interferometer direction-finding system baseline selection simulation system
A long and short baseline interferometer direction-finding system baseline selection simulation system comprises: the device comprises a parameter setting module, a phase error generating module, a phase difference determining module, an angle determining module and a result display module;
the function of the parameter setting module is as follows: initializing simulation experiment parameters; the phase error generating module has the functions of: generating a phase error; the function of the phase difference determining module is as follows: determining the phase difference generated by the long baseline and the short baseline according to the parameters provided by the parameter setting module and the phase error generated by the phase error generating module; the function of the angle determination module is as follows: determining the corresponding generated signal incidence angles of the long and short baselines according to the phase difference generated by the long and short baselines determined by the phase difference determining module; the function of the result display module is as follows: displaying a simulation result of the signal incidence angle;
second step parameter setting module sets simulation experiment parameters
The parameters to be set by the parameter setting module comprise baseline size, working frequency, angle measurement range and constant;
according to the requirements of practical application and with reference to the design requirements of missile-borne radar, a parameter setting module selects a plurality of groups of baseline size, working frequency band and angle measurement range data in a simulation experiment as simulation experiment parameters and transmits the simulation experiment parameters to a phase difference determining module;
the third step is that the phase error generating module generates the phase error
The phase error generation module simulates a phase error caused by phase measurement noise, the magnitude of the generated phase error is determined according to the design requirement of a system and the statistical result of the actual engineering development process, and the value is set in the interval of 10-180 degrees and is selected according to the requirement of a simulation experiment; the phase error data generated by the phase error generating module is transmitted to the phase difference determining module;
the fourth step phase difference determining module determines the phase difference generated by the long and short baselines
The phase difference determining module determines the phase difference generated by the long and short bases according to the parameters provided by the parameter setting module and the phase error generated by the phase error generating module; the lateral principle of the direction-finding system of the long-short baseline interferometer is as follows:
the single baseline interferometer side equation is:
in the formula:
l-interferometer baseline length;
λ -signal wavelength;
phi-phase difference;
theta-signal incident angle;
for the direction-finding system of the long and short baseline interferometer, the direction-finding system consists of three direction-finding antennas, wherein the antenna a and the antenna b form a short baselineThe size of the base line is D, the antenna a and the antenna c form a long base line, and the size of the base line is D; planar electromagnetic waves enter the three direction-finding antennas at an incident angle theta, the wave path differences of the electromagnetic waves reaching the antennas are Dsin theta and Dsin theta respectively, and the phase difference caused by the wave path differences is
And
namely:
in the formula:
d-short baseline length;
d-long base length;
λ -signal wavelength;
Φd-a short baseline phase difference;
ΦD-a long baseline phase difference;
theta-signal incident angle;
according to the formula (2), the phase difference determining module determines the phase difference generated by the long baseline and the short baseline of the direction-finding system of the long baseline and the short baseline interferometer, and then the phase error generated by the phase error generating module is superposed and transmitted to the angle determining module;
the fifth step angle determining module determines the signal incidence angle generated by the long and short baselines
Because the actual baseline phase difference is directly obtained by the phase discriminator, only the phase main value in the range of [ -pi, pi ], along with the increase of the signal incidence frequency and the influence of the phase error, phase fuzziness with different degrees can occur to the long baseline and the short baseline, so the angle determination is actually a process of angle measurement and ambiguity resolution;
firstly, in order to simulate the phase output characteristic of the phase discriminator, the phase value determined by the phase difference determining module needs to be subjected to phase main value, namely the phase difference is planned to an interval of [ -pi, pi ]; secondly, selecting an angle measurement ambiguity resolution mode; the determination of the ambiguity of angle measurement solution is carried out by adopting an 'improved search method', and the 'improved search method' is represented by the formula:
in the formula:
d-short baseline length;
d-long base length;
λ -signal wavelength;
φd-short baseline phase measurement principal value;
φD-long baseline phase measurement principal value;
kd-short baseline phase ambiguity;
kD-short baseline phase ambiguity;
theta-signal incident angle;
obtaining a phase measurement main value phi generated by a long baseline and a short baselinedAnd phiD(ii) a Then, according to the limiting condition, namely the boundary value of the unambiguous angle measurement range, traversing all phase differences generated when the signal incidence angle is theta long and short baselines under the limiting condition, namely traversing all phase differences
And
wherein T { } represents a set,
all of the short baseline phase differences are represented,
all long baseline phase differences are represented; then, the incident angle of the signal is inversely calculated according to an interferometer angle measurement formula (2), so that an angle solution space generated by two base lines is obtained
And
wherein Z { } represents a solution space,
all angle solution values generated by the short baseline are represented,
all angle solution values generated by the long baseline are represented; comparing all angle values of the angle solution space of the long and short baselines, namely the difference between two baseline solution angles
When the difference is minimum, i.e.
The solution value of the incident angle generated by the long base line is used as an angle measurement result, so that the angle measurement is ensured to be not blurred, and the angle measurement precision is ensured; the angle measurement result is transmitted to a result display module;
the sixth step, the result display module displays the simulation result of the incident angle of the signal
The result display module displays the simulation result of the signal incidence angle in a data mapping mode, different experimental parameters are changed each time, the result display module provides a corresponding data curve graph, a simulation algorithm is improved according to the data curve graph, and the result is analyzed;
thus, the selection of the baseline of the direction-finding system of the interferometer is completed.
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| CN111405458A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2020-07-10 | 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 | Method and device for determining vehicle position |
| CN109902383B (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2023-06-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所 | Arbitrary array interferometer direction-finding precision simulation calculation method and system |
| CN110031795B (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2023-02-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所 | Single-baseline interferometer direction finding method and device |
| CN110444886B (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-02-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Method for reducing phase difference error between antennas caused by polarization change |
| CN110687498B (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2023-04-28 | 天津津航计算技术研究所 | Dynamic baseline interferometer |
| CN111538058A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-14 | 桂林长海发展有限责任公司 | Passive positioning method, device and storage medium |
| CN112162234B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-07-25 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Wide-angle high-precision angle measurement method based on eight-port four-baseline radio frequency equipment |
| CN112965147B (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-11-11 | 珠海复旦创新研究院 | System error simulation and optimization method of broadband interferometer lightning positioning system |
| CN114024143B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2023-06-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Composite array method based on small-caliber ultra-wideband linear array interferometer |
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