CN108872359B - Magnetic mixing nonlinear detection method for ferromagnetic material hardness characterization - Google Patents
Magnetic mixing nonlinear detection method for ferromagnetic material hardness characterization Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108872359B CN108872359B CN201810646704.4A CN201810646704A CN108872359B CN 108872359 B CN108872359 B CN 108872359B CN 201810646704 A CN201810646704 A CN 201810646704A CN 108872359 B CN108872359 B CN 108872359B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- magnetic
- signal
- detection
- nonlinear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/80—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating mechanical hardness, e.g. by investigating saturation or remanence of ferromagnetic material
Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic mixing nonlinear detection method for ferromagnetic material hardness characterization, which comprises the steps of selecting a certain signal acquisition position, enabling a sensor to be tightly attached to the surface of a ferromagnetic component, exciting a high-low frequency modulated sinusoidal signal as a mixed excitation signal, and performing magnetic mixing nonlinear detection; processing the collected magnetic mixing nonlinear signal by a computer; and extracting the sum frequency component and the difference frequency component of the detection signal and the amplitude of the high-frequency fundamental frequency component, and calculating the magnetic nonlinearity characterization parameter. The high-low frequency modulation signal is adopted for excitation, the influence of the nonlinear effect of the system resonant frequency on the nonlinear effect of the material is avoided, the detected material magnetic nonlinear effect is sensitive to the change of the mechanical property of the ferromagnetic material, and the method can be used for representing the early mechanical property degradation of the material. The magnetic mixing signal is analyzed and processed, and the change of the hardness of the material is represented by the magnetic mixing nonlinear factor, so that the accurate representation of the change of the mechanical property of the material is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ferromagnetic material hardness characterization method, in particular to a ferromagnetic material surface hardness characterization method based on a magnetic mixing nonlinear technology. The method is suitable for characterization of surface hardness of ferromagnetic materials, and belongs to the field of nondestructive testing.
Background
Ferromagnetic materials, as a high-reliability material, have been widely used in the fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry, mechanical manufacturing, and the like, such as gears of turbine engines, oil and gas transmission pipelines, and the like. In the service process of the lattice structural component, due to the diversity of environments (high temperature, irradiation and the like) and the complexity of bearing loads (cyclic heat load, mechanical load and the like), the mechanical property of a ferromagnetic material can be gradually degraded, so that various types of early damage can be accumulated, and the lattice structural component becomes a fault sensitive and frequent part of the whole system. In evaluating various mechanical properties of material degradation, the hardness of the material is one of the main indexes for estimating the service life of a component, so that the development of a nondestructive testing method capable of effectively testing the hardness of a ferromagnetic material is urgently needed as a technical guarantee for safe operation of the component.
Based on the magnetic characteristics of ferromagnetic materials, the nondestructive testing technology using the electromagnetic principle has special advantages for the characterization of damage. Conventional electromagnetic nondestructive testing technologies, such as eddy current testing, magnetic memory testing, magnetic powder testing, magnetic flux leakage testing and the like, can effectively detect macroscopic damage (such as cracks, corrosion and the like) of the material, but have lower detection sensitivity on early mechanical property degradation of the material induced by movement of microscopic grain boundaries. Compared with the prior art, the micro-magnetic nondestructive detection technology (such as magnetic Barkhausen noise detection, magnetic harmonic detection and the like) for representing the mechanical property degradation of the material by using the microscopic magnetic property change of the material has higher sensitivity to the early damage of the material. However, the magnetic barkhausen noise detection is influenced by the background magnetic field and the noise caused by the heat effect of the detection coil, so that the stability of the detection result is low. And magnetic harmonic detection is difficult to peel off the influence of the nonlinearity of an experimental system on the nonlinear effect of detection, and the detection error is often larger.
The frequency mixing technology is an effective means for detecting weak effect, is widely applied to the fields of acoustic detection, spectral analysis and the like, is mainly used for detecting weak nonlinear effect caused by material attribute change, and is introduced into the electromagnetic field by domestic and foreign scholars in recent years. When two alternating current signals with different frequencies act simultaneously to generate a mixed magnetic field, the periodic low-frequency magnetic field intensity is larger, and the detected material can be subjected to saturation magnetization; the high-frequency magnetic field intensity is small, and the high-frequency magnetic field intensity is used for local reversible magnetization of the detected material. Based on the non-linear hysteresis characteristic of the ferromagnetic material, multi-order sum frequency and difference frequency magnetic mixing components are generated in a high-frequency region of a detection signal. The frequency band detection signal is less influenced by an experimental system, and the detection signal has a higher signal-to-noise ratio [1-3 ]. By utilizing the above advantages, the magnetic mixing technology has been used by domestic and foreign scholars in the development of magnetoelectric sensitive elements and the study of magnetic particle fluid dynamics. When developing a magnetic sensitive element, the frequency mixing technology is used for magnetizing a magnetic voltage layer composite material, and the generated sum frequency and difference frequency mixing voltage is very sensitive to the disturbance of an external magnetic field according to the magnetostrictive effect of a ferromagnetic material. By utilizing the characteristics, the magneto-electric laminated composite material can be used for manufacturing magneto-electric sensitive elements (4-6) with high sensitivity. In the research of the particle Brownian relaxation effect, according to the dynamic hysteresis characteristic of ferromagnetic particles, multi-order mixing frequency components are generated in the mixing frequency magnetization field of iron-based nano particles in fluid. By utilizing the high sensitivity of the mixing component phase information to the real-time motion state of the iron-based nano particles, the magnetic mixing technology can be used for the characterization of the hydrodynamic distribution characteristics of the magnetic particles [7-9 ]. In addition, domestic and foreign scholars also study the characterization parameters of the magnetic mixing detection technology, propose a method for calculating incremental permeability by using a mixing detection time domain waveform, and realize effective detection of early damage such as plastic deformation of materials by using the characterization parameters [10,11 ]. In summary, at present, the research work of scholars at home and abroad on the magnetic mixing technology mainly focuses on the research based on the mixing magnetostrictive effect and the calculation of the frequency mixing time domain increment magnetic permeability characterization parameter. The research on the dynamic hysteresis mixing nonlinear effect, the extraction of the frequency domain characteristic parameters of the magnetic mixing signals and the analysis of the sensitivity of the frequency domain characteristic parameters to the early damage of the material are blank.
In view of the limitations of the conventional micro-magnetic detection method and the advantages of the frequency mixing technology, a ferromagnetic material detection method based on the magnetic frequency mixing technology is provided for realizing the detection of the surface hardness of the ferromagnetic material. According to the dynamic hysteresis characteristics of the ferromagnetic material, the method researches the magnetic nonlinear effect of the material during high-low frequency alternating voltage mixed excitation, and obtains the magnetic nonlinear mixing signal which has higher signal-to-noise ratio and is not influenced by a background magnetic field and system nonlinearity. And calculating the magnetic mixing nonlinear factor by using the mixing component in the detection signal, thereby realizing the characterization of the surface hardness of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ferromagnetic material hardness characterization method, in particular to a magnetic mixing nonlinear detection technology-based method. Under the condition that the influence of a background magnetic field and system nonlinearity is small, the method adopts high-low frequency alternating current sinusoidal signal mixed excitation, and calculates the magnetic mixing nonlinear factor by using the change of the amplitude of a mixing component (sum frequency and difference frequency) of a detection signal, so that the representation of the surface hardness of the ferromagnetic material is realized.
The invention provides a magnetic mixing nonlinear detection method for ferromagnetic material hardness characterization, which has the basic principle that:
under the condition of high-frequency and low-frequency mixed excitation, the magnetic frequency mixing nonlinear detection technology provided by the invention has the advantages that the low-frequency magnetization field has lower frequency (less than 50Hz) and larger amplitude and can irreversibly magnetize ferromagnetic materials, and the high-frequency magnetization field has lower amplitude due to higher frequency (more than 100Hz) and can reversibly magnetize materials.
When an alternating electric field is applied to the field coil, the alternating magnetic field produced by the field coil magnetizes the ferromagnetic material to produce a magnetization field M, which is denoted as
In the formula, MsRepresents a saturated magnetization field, m0Denotes the magnetic moment, mu0Denotes permeability, H (t) denotes an applied magnetic field which varies with time t, kBRepresents the boltzmann constant, T represents the absolute temperature,
representing the langevin equation. If the applied magnetic field H (t) is a mixed field of two magnetic fields of different frequencies, it is expressed as
H(t)＝A1sin(2πf1t+φ1)+A2sin(2πf2t+φ2) (2)
In the formula, A1And A2Respectively representing the amplitudes of two excitation voltages, f1And f2Respectively representing the frequencies of two excitation voltages, and f1>f2，φ1And phi2Respectively representing the phases of two excitation voltages (as shown in figure 1)Shown). Substituting the applied magnetic field H (t) into equation (1), the Taylor series expansion of M (t) with the variation of the magnetization field M with time t is
As shown in the formula (3), when two magnetic fields with different frequencies act on the ferromagnetic material, not only a linear response component but also a nonlinear component, such as a harmonic component 3f, is generated due to the interaction between the two magnetic fields1And a mixing component f1±2f2(as shown in fig. 2). Fourier transform of formula (3) is performed, and the spectrum M (f) of the magnetization field is expressed as
Wherein α is m0μ0/kBT, δ represent unit impulse functions, and j is an imaginary unit. Formula (4) is
In the formula, Af1、Af2、A3f1、A3f2And Af1±2f2The amplitudes of the high-frequency fundamental frequency, the low-frequency fundamental frequency, the high-frequency triple frequency, the low-frequency triple frequency, the difference frequency and the sum frequency of the detection signal are respectively. Extracting the amplitude of the sum frequency and difference frequency components in the detected mixing signal, wherein the ratio of the sum of the two amplitudes to the amplitude of the fundamental frequency high frequency component is a magnetic mixing nonlinear factor Q, and Q is expressed as
And calculating the magnetic mixing nonlinear factors Q of different tested pieces to obtain the characterization result of the magnetic mixing nonlinear characteristic parameters changing along with the hardness of the detection material. The detected magnetic mixing nonlinear characteristic parameters represent the hardness change of the material, so that the influence of fundamental frequency noise on mixing components can be effectively weakened, and the influence of the nonlinear effect of the system resonant frequency on the mixing nonlinear effect of the material can be avoided.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
referring to fig. 3, the device for implementing the method comprises a computer 1, a signal excitation acquisition board card 2, a power amplifier 3 and a magnetic mixing sensor 4. Firstly, the computer 1 is connected with a signal excitation acquisition board card and is used for controlling excitation of magnetic mixing signals, namely display and analysis processing of excitation signals and detection signals. The output port of the signal excitation acquisition card 2 is connected with the input port of the power amplifier and is used for amplifying the excitation signal. Then, the output end of the power amplifier 3 is connected to the input end of the magnetic mixing sensor 4, and the output end is used for detecting the magnetization of the test piece by the sensor. Meanwhile, the output end of the magnetic mixing sensor 4 is connected with the input end of the excitation acquisition board card 2 and is used for transmitting the acquired magnetic mixing nonlinear signal.
The invention provides a magnetic mixing nonlinear detection method for ferromagnetic material hardness characterization, which is realized by the following steps:
s1 the tested piece is selected ferromagnetic component under different heat treatment process, the size of each tested piece is consistent, the hardness is different, and the surface is flat without defects such as pit, hole and crack. Selecting three different positions on the surface of a tested piece as data acquisition points detected by a sensor, wherein the detection positions of the different tested pieces are consistent;
s2, the magnetic mixing sensor is placed at a certain detection position on the surface of the tested piece, the signal pick-up direction of the magnetic sensing element in the sensor, namely the detection direction of the sensor, is adjusted, and when the detection direction of the sensor is parallel to the tangential direction of the surface of the tested piece, the detection result is the nonlinear effect of the tangential magnetic field on the surface of the tested piece. When the detection direction of the sensor is parallel to the normal direction of the surface of the tested piece, the detection result is the nonlinear effect of the normal magnetic field of the surface of the tested piece. The magnetic mixing nonlinear detection signals in the two directions are used for representing the hardness of the material. The lifting distance between the sensor and the tested piece is less than 1 mm;
s3 excitation acquisition board card by computer control signalAnd outputting a high-low frequency modulated sinusoidal signal for mixed excitation. The amplitude ratio of the high-frequency and low-frequency mixing excitation is usually less than 0.2, and the frequency ratio is more than 102. Starting a power amplifier, and when a sensor is positioned at a certain data acquisition point on the surface of the sensor, displaying the detected magnetic mixing signal on a computer through a signal excitation acquisition board card, and storing the detected magnetic mixing signal by the computer;
and S4, keeping the detection position of the sensor unchanged, storing the magnetic mixing signals repeatedly acquired and detected for many times, changing the detection position of the sensor, repeating S3, and recording the detection results of different positions of the same test piece. Replacing the tested piece, and repeating the operation to acquire the magnetic mixing nonlinear signals of the test pieces with different hardness;
and S5, processing the acquired magnetic mixing nonlinear signal by the computer. Firstly, carrying out Fourier transform on a detected magnetic mixing nonlinear signal, extracting amplitudes of first-order sum frequency and difference frequency mixing components and fundamental frequency high-frequency components, and calculating a magnetic mixing nonlinear factor Q of single detection at a single position of a tested piece according to a formula (6);
s6, counting the average value of the magnetic mixing nonlinear factor Q of the multiple detection results of different positions of the same tested piece, and drawing the representation result of the change of the average value of the magnetic mixing nonlinear factor Q along with the hardness change of different tested pieces. Representing the hardness change of the tested piece according to the change of the magnetic mixing nonlinear factor Q; the tested piece is a ferromagnetic test piece.
The invention has the following advantages: (1) the high-low frequency modulation signal is adopted for excitation, the influence of the nonlinear effect of the system resonant frequency on the nonlinear effect of the material is avoided, the detected material magnetic nonlinear effect is sensitive to the change of the mechanical property of the ferromagnetic material, and the method can be used for representing the early mechanical property degradation of the material; (2) by analyzing and processing the magnetic mixing signal and representing the hardness change of the material by using the magnetic mixing nonlinear factor, the influence of fundamental frequency noise on the representation parameters can be effectively weakened, and the accurate representation of the mechanical property change of the material is facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 high and low frequency modulation mixed excitation signal.
FIG. 2 shows a magnetically mixed nonlinear detection signal with multiple orders of sum and difference frequencies.
FIG. 3 is a system diagram of a detection device.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a computer, 2, an excitation acquisition board card, 3, a power amplifier, 4 and a magnetic mixing detection sensor.
Fig. 4 is a time-frequency domain plot of a typical experimental excitation signal.
In the figure: the abscissa of the time domain graph is time, and the ordinate is signal amplitude; the abscissa of the spectrogram is frequency, and the ordinate is frequency amplitude.
FIG. 5 is a time domain plot of a typical experimental detection signal.
In the figure: the abscissa of the time domain graph is time, and the ordinate is signal amplitude; the abscissa of the spectrogram is frequency, and the ordinate is frequency amplitude.
FIG. 6 results of magnetic mixing non-linearity factor as a function of hardness.
In the figure: the abscissa is the vickers hardness of the material and the ordinate is the magnetic mixing nonlinear factor.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific experiments:
the experiment implementation process comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing an experimental system: an experimental system is built according to a system diagram of the detection device shown in fig. 3, and the system comprises a computer 1, a signal excitation acquisition board card 2, a power amplifier 3 and a magnetic mixing sensor 4. Firstly, the computer 1 is connected with a signal excitation acquisition board card and is used for controlling excitation of magnetic mixing signals, namely display and analysis processing of excitation signals and detection signals. The output port of the signal excitation acquisition card 2 is connected with the input port of the power amplifier and is used for amplifying the excitation signal. Then, the output end of the power amplifier 3 is connected to the input end of the magnetic mixing sensor 4, and the output end is used for detecting the magnetization of the test piece by the sensor. Meanwhile, the output end of the magnetic mixing sensor 4 is connected with the input end of the excitation acquisition board card 2 and is used for transmitting the acquired magnetic mixing nonlinear signal.
S2, selecting a detection mode: the test piece was a 45# steel plate with a size of 9 pieces 100mm × 100mm × 6mm, and the main chemical components thereof are shown in table 1. The test pieces were quenched and tempered at different temperatures, and the tempering temperature and vickers hardness of each test piece are shown in table 2. And 3 different positions are selected on the upper surfaces of the 9 test pieces respectively as data acquisition points detected by the sensors, and the data acquisition positions of the test pieces are consistent and are Vickers hardness detection positions. The test was repeated 3 times at each data acquisition position and 81 sets of data (3 repeated detections × 3 positions × 9 specimens) were collected for the experiment.
S3, sensor detection parameter setting: the magnetic mixing sensor is arranged at a selected detection position on the surface of the tested piece, and the nonlinear effect of the tangential magnetic field on the surface of the tested piece is detected when the direction of a signal pickup coil of the sensor is adjusted to enable the detection direction to be parallel to the tangential direction of the surface of the tested piece. The sensor is tightly attached to the surface of the test piece, and the lifting distance is less than 0.5 mm. And controlling the excitation acquisition board card by using a computer, and outputting a high-low frequency modulated sinusoidal signal for mixed excitation (as shown in fig. 4). The high frequency is 709Hz, the high frequency amplitude is 1V, the low frequency is 1Hz, and the low frequency amplitude is 7.5V.
S4, magnetic mixing nonlinear detection experiment: and starting a power amplifier, and when the sensor is positioned at a certain data acquisition position on the surface of the sensor, displaying the detected magnetic mixing signal on a computer through a signal excitation acquisition board card, and storing the detection signal (as shown in fig. 5). And replacing an experimental test piece, changing a detection position, repeatedly detecting, and storing the magnetic mixing signal acquired by 81 times of experiments.
S5, signal analysis and processing: and processing the acquired magnetic mixing nonlinear signal by a computer. And carrying out Fourier transform on the detection signals, extracting the amplitude values of a first-order sum frequency (711Hz), a first-order difference frequency (707Hz) mixing component and a fundamental frequency high-frequency component (709Hz), and calculating the magnetic mixing nonlinear factor Q of single detection at a single position of a certain test piece according to a formula (6). And (3) counting the average magnetic mixing nonlinear factors of multiple detection results at different positions of the same test piece, and drawing a characterization result of the average magnetic mixing nonlinear factors along with the hardness change of different test pieces (as shown in fig. 6).
S6, analysis of experimental results: it is known that the hardness of the 9 test pieces is distributed between 194HV and 595HV, and the hardness of each test piece is different and gradually increases. As can be seen from the figure 6 of the drawings,the value of the magnetic mixing nonlinearity factor gradually increases with the hardness of the test piece, and the change of the magnetic mixing nonlinearity factor increases approximately linearly. R of first order linear fitting result2The value is 0.931, namely the linear characterization result of the nonlinear characteristic parameter on the hardness is better. Because the magnetic mixing nonlinear factor can obviously distinguish the hardness change of the material, the method for representing the hardness of the ferromagnetic material by adopting the magnetic mixing nonlinear detection method is feasible.
The above is a typical application of the present invention, and the application of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Table 1 test piece chemical composition table (wt.%)
Table 2 vickers hardness tester
Reference to the literature
[1]Nonlinear Susceptibility Magnitude Imaging of Magnetic Nanoparticles.[J].Journal of Magnetism&Magnetic Materials,2015,378:267-277.
[2]Teliban I,Thede C,Chemnitz S,et al.Magnetic moment investigation by frequency mixing techniques.[J].Review ofScientific Instruments,2009,80(11):631-635.
[3]Krause H J,Wolters N,Zhang Y,et al.Magnetic particle detection by frequency mixing for immunoassay applications[J].Journal of Magnetism&Magnetic Materials,2007, 311(1):436-444.
[4]Burdin D A,Chashin D V,Ekonomov N A,et al.Nonlinear magneto-electric effects in ferromagnetic-piezoelectric composites[J].Journal of Magnetism&Magnetic Materials, 2014,358-359(5):98-104.
[5]Burdin D A,Chashin D V,Ekonomov N A,et al.Resonance mixing of alternating current magnetic fields in a multiferroic composite[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2013, 113(3):902-907.
[6]Xu H,Pei Y,Fang D.The frequency dependence of harmonic hysteresis effect in magnetoelectric laminated composites[J].Composite Structures,2016,147:33-41.
[7]Measurement of Brownian Relaxation of Magnetic Nanoparticle by a Multi-Tone Mixing FrequencyMethod[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2012,48(11):3513-3516.
[8]Tu L,Jing Y,Li Y,et al.Real-time measurement of Brownian relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles by a mixing-frequency method[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2012, 49(1):227-230.
[9]Tu L,Wu K,Klein T,et al.Magnetic nanoparticles colourization by a mixing-frequency method[J].Journal ofPhysics DAppliedPhysics,2014,47(15):494-500.
[10] Chenhon, Chen Shaoyang, Liyong, et al.
[11]Gabi Y,Wolter B,Gerbershagen A,et al.FEM Simulations of Incremental Permeability Signals of a Multi-Layer Steel With Consideration of the Hysteretic Behavior of Each Layer[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2014,50(4):1-4.
Claims (2)
1. A magnetic mixing nonlinear detection method for ferromagnetic material hardness characterization is characterized in that:
under the condition of high-low frequency mixed excitation, the low-frequency magnetization field has low frequency and large amplitude and can irreversibly magnetize the ferromagnetic material, and the high-frequency magnetization field has high frequency and small amplitude and can reversibly magnetize the material;
when an alternating electric field is applied to the field coil, the alternating magnetic field produced by the field coil magnetizes the ferromagnetic material to produce a magnetization field M, which is denoted as
In the formula, MsRepresents a saturated magnetization field, m0Denotes the magnetic moment, mu0Denotes permeability, H (t) denotes an applied magnetic field which varies with time t, kBRepresents the boltzmann constant, T represents the absolute temperature,
expressing the langevin equation; if the applied magnetic field H (t) is a mixed field of two magnetic fields of different frequencies, it is expressed as
H(t)＝A1sin(2πf1t+φ1)+A2sin(2πf2t+φ2) (2)
In the formula, A1And A2Respectively representing the amplitudes of two excitation voltages, f1And f2Respectively representing the frequencies of two excitation voltages, and f1>f2，φ1And phi2Respectively representing the phases of two excitation voltages; substituting the applied magnetic field H (t) into equation (1), the Taylor series expansion of M (t) with the variation of the magnetization field M with time t is
As shown in the formula (3), when two magnetic fields with different frequencies act on the ferromagnetic material, not only a linear response component but also a nonlinear component, such as a harmonic component 3f, is generated due to the interaction between the two magnetic fields1And a mixing component f1±2f2(ii) a Fourier transform of formula (3) is performed, and the spectrum M (f) of the magnetization field is expressed as
Wherein α is m0μ0/kBT, delta represents a unit impulse function, and j is an imaginary number unit; formula (4) is
In the formula, Af1、Af2、A3f1、A3f2And Af1±2f2The amplitudes of the high-frequency fundamental frequency, the low-frequency fundamental frequency, the high-frequency triple frequency, the low-frequency triple frequency, the difference frequency and the sum frequency of the detection signal are respectively; extracting the amplitude of the sum frequency and difference frequency components in the detected mixing signal, wherein the ratio of the sum of the two amplitudes to the amplitude of the fundamental frequency high frequency component is a magnetic mixing nonlinear factor Q, and Q is expressed as
Calculating the magnetic mixing nonlinear factors Q of different tested pieces to obtain the characterization result of the magnetic mixing nonlinear characteristic parameters changing along with the hardness of the detection material; the detected magnetic mixing nonlinear characteristic parameters represent the hardness change of the material, so that the influence of fundamental frequency noise on mixing components can be effectively weakened, and the influence of the nonlinear effect of system resonant frequency on the mixing nonlinear effect of the material can be avoided;
the method is realized by the following steps:
s1 selecting ferromagnetic members under different heat treatment processes for the tested pieces, wherein the tested pieces have the same size and different hardness, and the surface is smooth without pit defects, hole defects and crack defects; selecting three different positions on the surface of a tested piece as data acquisition points detected by a sensor, wherein the detection positions of the different tested pieces are consistent;
s2, placing the magnetic mixing sensor at a certain detection position on the surface of the tested piece, adjusting the signal pick-up direction of the magnetic sensor element in the sensor, namely the detection direction of the sensor, and when the detection direction of the sensor is parallel to the tangential direction of the surface of the tested piece, the detection result is the nonlinear effect of the tangential magnetic field on the surface of the tested piece; when the detection direction of the sensor is parallel to the normal direction of the surface of the tested piece, the detection result is the nonlinear effect of the normal magnetic field of the surface of the tested piece; the magnetic mixing nonlinear detection signals in the two directions are used for representing the hardness of the material; the lifting distance between the sensor and the tested piece is less than 1 mm;
s3, exciting the acquisition board card by using a computer control signal, and outputting a high-low frequency modulated sinusoidal signal for mixed excitation; the amplitude ratio of the high-frequency and low-frequency mixing excitation is usually less than 0.2, and the frequency ratio is more than 102(ii) a Starting a power amplifier, and when a sensor is positioned at a certain data acquisition point on the surface of the sensor, displaying the detected magnetic mixing signal on a computer through a signal excitation acquisition board card, and storing the detected magnetic mixing signal by the computer;
s4, keeping the detection position of the sensor unchanged, storing the magnetic mixing signals repeatedly acquired and detected for many times, changing the detection position of the sensor, repeating the step S3, and recording the detection results of different positions of the same test piece; replacing the tested piece, and repeating the operations S1-S4 to record the detection results of the same test piece at different positions so as to complete the acquisition of the magnetic mixing nonlinear signals of the test pieces with different hardness;
s5, processing the acquired magnetic mixing nonlinear signal by a computer; firstly, carrying out Fourier transform on a detected magnetic mixing nonlinear signal, extracting amplitudes of first-order sum frequency and difference frequency mixing components and fundamental frequency high-frequency components, and calculating a magnetic mixing nonlinear factor Q of single detection at a single position of a tested piece according to a formula (6);
s6, counting the average value of the magnetic mixing nonlinear factor Q of the multiple detection results of the same tested piece at different positions, and drawing the representation result of the change of the average value of the magnetic mixing nonlinear factor Q along with the hardness change of different tested pieces; representing the hardness change of the tested piece according to the change of the magnetic mixing nonlinear factor Q; the tested piece is a ferromagnetic test piece.
2. The magnetic mixing nonlinear detection method for ferromagnetic material hardness characterization according to claim 1, wherein: the device for realizing the method comprises a computer (1), a signal excitation acquisition board card (2), a power amplifier (3) and a magnetic mixing sensor (4); firstly, connecting a computer (1) with a signal excitation acquisition board card for controlling excitation of a magnetic mixing signal, namely display and analysis processing of an excitation signal and a detection signal; the output port of the signal excitation acquisition board card (2) is connected with the input port of the power amplifier and is used for amplifying the excitation signal; then, the output end of the power amplifier (3) is connected to the input end of the magnetic mixing sensor (4) and is used for magnetizing the detection test piece by the sensor; meanwhile, the output end of the magnetic mixing sensor (4) is connected with the input end of the signal excitation acquisition board card (2) and is used for transmitting acquired magnetic mixing nonlinear signals.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810646704.4A CN108872359B (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2018-06-21 | Magnetic mixing nonlinear detection method for ferromagnetic material hardness characterization |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810646704.4A CN108872359B (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2018-06-21 | Magnetic mixing nonlinear detection method for ferromagnetic material hardness characterization |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108872359A CN108872359A (en) | 2018-11-23 |
| CN108872359B true CN108872359B (en) | 2022-04-22 |
Family
ID=64340312
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810646704.4A Active CN108872359B (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2018-06-21 | Magnetic mixing nonlinear detection method for ferromagnetic material hardness characterization |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108872359B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110261469A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-09-20 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of electromagnetism mixing detection method for the detection of ferrimagnet fatigue damage |
| CN110006991A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-12 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of ferromagnetic material earlier damage detection high sensitive electromagnetic mixed frequency sensor |
| CN110045003A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-23 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of Uniform ity Design Method being mixed detection excitation parameters optimization for electromagnetism |
| CN112213381A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-12 | 湖北理工学院 | Nondestructive testing method, system and medium for large-grain iron-based thin plate metallographic structure |
| CN112382354B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-08-10 | 北京京航计算通讯研究所 | Cr12MoV material hardness prediction method and device |
| EP4310490A4 (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2024-04-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Hardness computing device, hardness measuring system, hardness computing method, and hardness computing program |
| CN113758996A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-07 | 浙江工业大学 | Flange bolt looseness detection method and detection device based on frequency mixing nonlinear ultrasound |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102980945A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-03-20 | 北京工业大学 | Frequency mixing nonlinear ultrasonic detection method for structure microcracks based on bispectrum analysis |
| CN104807888A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-07-29 | 北京工业大学 | Non-collinear mixing ultrasonic testing method for microcrack length measurement |
| CN105372330A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-03-02 | 北京工业大学 | Non-linear Lamb wave frequency mixing method for detecting microcrack in plate |
| CN105911489A (en) * | 2016-04-10 | 2016-08-31 | 北京工业大学 | Common source double-frequency excitation type multifunctional micro-magnetic signal synchronous detection method |
| CN106018541A (en) * | 2016-05-15 | 2016-10-12 | 北京工业大学 | Lead screw thread bottom hardness micro-magnetic nondestructive detection method |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9778225B2 (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2017-10-03 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Magnetic search coil for measuring real-time brownian relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles |
| EP3139191A1 (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2017-03-08 | Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute | Apparatus and method for detecting nonlinear magnetic particle based on single excitation coil |
| CN105953939B (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2019-06-11 | 郑州轻工业学院 | Magnetic nano temperature measurement method and system under a kind of mixing magnetic field excitation |
| CN106290549A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-01-04 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Magnetosonic multiparameter lossless detection method and device |
-
2018
- 2018-06-21 CN CN201810646704.4A patent/CN108872359B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102980945A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-03-20 | 北京工业大学 | Frequency mixing nonlinear ultrasonic detection method for structure microcracks based on bispectrum analysis |
| CN104807888A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-07-29 | 北京工业大学 | Non-collinear mixing ultrasonic testing method for microcrack length measurement |
| CN105372330A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-03-02 | 北京工业大学 | Non-linear Lamb wave frequency mixing method for detecting microcrack in plate |
| CN105911489A (en) * | 2016-04-10 | 2016-08-31 | 北京工业大学 | Common source double-frequency excitation type multifunctional micro-magnetic signal synchronous detection method |
| CN106018541A (en) * | 2016-05-15 | 2016-10-12 | 北京工业大学 | Lead screw thread bottom hardness micro-magnetic nondestructive detection method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| Magnetic immunoassay platform based on the planar frequency mixing magnetic technique;Chang-Beom Kim, et al.;《Biosensors & Bioelectronics》;20160915;第83卷;第293-299页 * |
| Magnetic particle detection by frequency mixing for immunoassay applications;Hans-Joachim Krause,et al.;《Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials》;20070430;第311卷(第1期);第436-444页 * |
| 基于磁噪声和增量磁导率的塑性变形定量无损评价;陈洪恩 等;《Nondestructive Testing》;20121031;第34卷(第10期);第12-15页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108872359A (en) | 2018-11-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108872359B (en) | Magnetic mixing nonlinear detection method for ferromagnetic material hardness characterization | |
| Adewale et al. | Decoupling the influence of permeability and conductivity in pulsed eddy-current measurements | |
| CN110261469A (en) | A kind of electromagnetism mixing detection method for the detection of ferrimagnet fatigue damage | |
| Ramos et al. | Present and future impact of magnetic sensors in NDE | |
| Sun et al. | A new NDT method based on permanent magnetic field perturbation | |
| Boller et al. | Electromagnetism as a means for understanding materials mechanics phenomena in magnetic materials | |
| Wang et al. | Investigation of temperature effect of stress detection based on Barkhausen noise | |
| Zhou et al. | Stress detection and measurement in ferromagnetic metals using pulse electromagnetic method with U-shaped sensor | |
| Ding et al. | An online debris sensor system with vibration resistance for lubrication analysis | |
| Vértesy et al. | Nondestructive investigation of wall thinning in layered ferromagnetic material by magnetic adaptive testing | |
| Roskosz et al. | Magnetic methods of characterization of active stresses in steel elements | |
| CN113358738A (en) | Ferromagnetic material fatigue damage characterization method based on magnetoacoustic emission signal hysteresis characteristic | |
| Ryu et al. | A new non-destructive method for estimating the remanent life of a turbine rotor steel by reversible magnetic permeability | |
| Patel et al. | A new adaptive automated feedback system for Barkhausen signal measurement | |
| Kim et al. | Quantification of the Barkhausen noise method for the evaluation of time-dependent degradation | |
| Li et al. | A novel 3D simulation prediction model of mechanical properties of ferromagnetic materials via incremental permeability method | |
| Franco et al. | NDT flaw mapping of steel surfaces by continuous magnetic Barkhausen noise: Volumetric flaw detection case | |
| Chang et al. | Nondestructive evaluation of fatigue in ferromagnetic material using magnetic frequency mixing technology | |
| EP3118641A1 (en) | An improved giant magneto-impedance (gmi) based sensing device for the detection of carburization in austenitic stainless steel | |
| Liu et al. | Stray flux effects on the magnetic hysteresis parameters in NDE of low carbon steel | |
| Sengupta et al. | Nondestructive evaluation of stresses in welds by micromagnetic method | |
| Ma et al. | Complexed shape micro defects inspection by high sensitivity flexible TRT eddy current array | |
| Wang et al. | Quantitative characterization of tensile stress in electroplated nickel coatings with a magnetic incremental permeability sensor | |
| Xie et al. | Design of a micro-triple-coil multi-pollutant detection sensor based on high-gradient magnetic field | |
| Zhang | Micromagnetic and Multiparameter Measurement for Microstructural Material Properties Characterization |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |