CN106018541A - Lead screw thread bottom hardness micro-magnetic nondestructive detection method - Google Patents
Lead screw thread bottom hardness micro-magnetic nondestructive detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106018541A CN106018541A CN201610320368.5A CN201610320368A CN106018541A CN 106018541 A CN106018541 A CN 106018541A CN 201610320368 A CN201610320368 A CN 201610320368A CN 106018541 A CN106018541 A CN 106018541A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/725—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables by using magneto-acoustical effects or the Barkhausen effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/80—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating mechanical hardness, e.g. by investigating saturation or remanence of ferromagnetic material
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Abstract
The invention provides a lead screw thread bottom hardness micro-magnetic nondestructive detection method and belongs to the field of nondestructive detection. Two pole shoes of an electromagnet of a micro-magnetic probe are attached to two adjacent crests of a lead screw to form an excitation loop, by means of sine wave signal driving electromagnets with amplitudes increasingly strong scanned and at different frequencies, the thread bottom portion is periodically magnetized in an increasingly strong mode, and a detection coil making contact with the surface of a thread bottom receives Barkhausen noise signals in the periodical magnetizing process. Feature parameters including peak, half peak width and root-mean-square are extracted, a sine wave amplitude change curve of the feature parameters along with scanning is obtained, and finally Barkhausen noise signal feature parameters on sine wave amplitude values and the slope of the change curve of the feature parameters are scanned at different frequencies for hardness representation. During continuous detection, the micro-magnetic probe runs along with the rotary lead screw to finish hardness detection of the thread bottom of the whole lead screw. The method achieves quick nondestructive detection of the thread bottom of the lead screw, and the defect that a traditional hardness detection method can only conduct destructive sampling type detection is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of utilize the feature of barkhausen signal under different exciting intensity and excitation frequency
The detection method that hardness and case depth at the bottom of leading screw tooth are characterized by parameter, belongs to Non-Destructive Testing neck
Territory.
Background technology
Leading screw, as a kind of high transmission accuracy and the actuating device of high transmission efficiency, is widely used in each neck
Territory, such as machinery, Aero-Space, nuclear industry, package packing machine etc..The hardness of ball-screw is to affect ball
Lead screw transmission precision and the key factor in ball-screw life-span.The main cause of ball-screw premature failure it
One is exactly that case hardness is too low or case depth is inadequate.Therefore, the hardness of ball-screw is the weight of leading screw
Want Testing index.The detection method of ball-screw hardness and case depth mainly has composition to check at present
The methods such as method, metallographic observation method and Vickers hardness detection method.These hardness and case depth detection
Method is and damages ground, sampling ground detection method, it is impossible to realize rapidly, nondestructively leading screw hardness determination.
Therefore, it is achieved quick, Non-Destructive Testing to leading screw hardness have very important engineering significance.
Relative to traditional sampling formula, the detection method of damage type, Barkhausen's hardness detection method is one
Plant emerging hardness detection method.Barkhausen noise refers to that neticdomain wall occurs 90 degree in magnetic history
Or 180 degree of irreversible saltus steps of saltatory, so that there is uneven saltus step in magnetic field.Neticdomain wall and material
The microstructure of material is relevant, and martensite composition is the most, and the coercivity of material is the biggest, and neticdomain wall is less susceptible to
Deflect, thus Barkhausen's phenomenon is the most inconspicuous.Rectify in hard-faced leading screw surfacing
The martensite content core structure to be significantly higher than that stupid power is bigger.Based on above-mentioned principle, it is possible to use Bark
Leading screw case hardness and case depth are measured by the gloomy phenomenon of person of outstanding talent.The kelvin effect of electromagnetic field, with sharp
The frequency of exciting field has relation, thus the frequency changing excitation field can obtain the hard of the different surfaces degree of depth
Degree information, thus effectively determine the case depth of material.Barkhausen signal under single driving frequency
The information of the case depth of leading screw can not be reflected.Use different driving frequencies, can reflect not
With the material hardness information under skin depth, the pumping signal under different driving frequencies is combined, uses
Detect in leading screw case depth, solve and cannot reflect that hardened material layer depth is believed under single detection frequency
The problem of breath.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to leading screw hardness determination and propose a kind of new detection method, be different from traditional leading screw
Hardness detection method, this method has the features such as lossless, quick, accurate.With traditional single amplitude list
The method of the Barkhausen noise signal hardness determination under one frequency is different, and this method introduces the crescendo formula cycle
The method of scanning carries out AC excitation, and uses the sliding window processing method discrete Bark person of outstanding talent to receiving
Gloomy signal carries out processing the rate of change that acquisition barkhausen signal changes with magnitude of voltage.Barkhausen is utilized to make an uproar
Acoustical signal with the rate of change of voltage maximum as characterize material hardness micro-magnetic parameter.The method can
Preferably reflect the coercitive size of material, overcome the shadow of material left magnetic effect under single amplitude effect
Ring.Utilize the relation between the maximum of two groups of change rate signals under different frequency as characterizing leading screw tooth
Micro-magnetic parameter of end case depth.Use combining point of Barkhausen's pumping signal under different driving frequency
Analysis, it is possible to preferably reflect the information of hardened material layer depth, weaken the impact of material kelvin effect.This
Method substantially reduces the hardness determination time at the bottom of the tooth of ball-screw, and may be implemented in line ground, nondestructively
Detection.
Owing to Barkhausen noise signal change is relevant with the intensity of exciting field, only excitation field reaches one
When determining intensity, obvious Barkhausen noise signal can be seen.Described crescendo formula periodically magnetized
Mode refer to the amplitude of excitation signal change linearly over time (y=a*t+b) or etc. cycle ladder be incremented by, this
Sample can be obtained by one group of Barkhausen noise signal under different magnetic field intensity, this group Barkhausen noise
The intensity of signal increases along with the increase of magnetic field intensity, processes acquisition Barkhausen by follow-up signal and makes an uproar
Acoustical signal with excitation field Strength Changes change rate curve thus with the hardness opening relationships of material.
The signal processing method of described sliding window function refers to: take the data of fixed window length around sampled point
Point, carries out least-squares algorithm linear fitting to the data point in sliding window, represents with the slope of fitting a straight line
The size of the rate of change that Barkhausen noise signal changes with excitation field under this magnetic field intensity.Then slide
Moving a data point after window and repeat said process, the rate of change finally giving Barkhausen noise signal is bent
Line, the method can utilize the way of sliding window matching to obtain the rate of change of discrete signal.Utilize this change
The information of rate can be with the hardness opening relationships of leading screw.
The excitation signal of described different driving frequency refers to, in the case of frequency is fixing, uses amplitude gradually
The scan method of strong formula, carries out AC excitation to leading screw.After completing amplitude crescendo formula periodically magnetized, change
Become the frequency of pumping signal, use identical amplitude crescendo formula scan method to regain one group of scanning letter
Number.The kelvin effect of material is relevant with the frequency of pumping signal, hence with Barkhausen under different frequency
Noise signal, the case depth of leading screw is carried out demarcation higher accuracy.
At the bottom of described leading screw tooth, the characterizing method of hardness and case depth utilizes Barkhausen noise to believe exactly
Number eigenvalue with the rate of change of change in voltage maximum as detection parameter the hardness of leading screw is carried out
Demarcate.Utilize without the eigenvalue of barkhausen signal under frequency with excitation voltage rate of change maximum it
Between relation leading screw case depth is demarcated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 leading screw hardness and hardened layer detecting system figure,
1 ball-screw in figure
2 U-shaped yokes
3 springs
4 excitation coils
5 fixed structures
6 magnetic cores
7 receiving coils
Fig. 2 leading screw hardness and hardened layer detecting system side view
Fig. 3 driving voltage signal schematic representation
Fig. 4 driving voltage signal schematic representation
Fig. 5 detects coil and receives signal schematic representation
Fig. 6 sliding window matching changes persuing rate schematic diagram
Detailed description of the invention
The step of micro-magnetic lossless detection method specifically includes that
Two pole shoes of micro-magnetic probe are fitted on two adjacent crest of leading screw closely, make electric magnet with
Leading screw forms closed magnetic loop, makes the pumping signal of excitation coil be coupled between leading screw two crest, at silk
Stable alternating magnetic field is formed at the bottom of thick stick tooth.The alternating excitation of amplitude crescendo formula is provided by arbitrary-function generator
Electric magnet is carried out ac-excited by signal, and exciting field passes through energized circuit, electric magnet be coupled into leading screw two
Between crest, between leading screw two crest, form the magnetic field of the stable alternation of amplitude crescendo.
Under action of alternating magnetic field, due to the existence of barkhausen, near the detection line at the bottom of leading screw tooth
Circle induces the leaping voltage signal of regularity, i.e. Barkhausen noise signal, owing to containing in primary signal
Having pumping signal, (gather, high pass is filtered therefore by signal conditioning circuit, primary signal to be carried out pretreatment
Ripple, amplification etc. process), it is thus achieved that the Barkhausen noise signal of high frequency.
Finally the Barkhausen noise signal collected is carried out final analysis in PC.Extract bar
The characteristic parameter (such as peak value, half-peak breadth, root-mean-square) of Ke Haosen noise signal and the magnitude of voltage of correspondence thereof,
Obtain micro-magnetic parameter of barkhausen signal under different voltage.Owing to Barkhausen noise signal is the cycle
Property produce, thus to use the Barkhausen obtained under crescendo formula periodically magnetized mode early signal be discrete
, then obtain barkhausen signal by the method for sliding window matching bent with the rate of change of change in voltage
Line.
Change driving frequency, repeat (1)-(3) step, reacquire change rate curve.
By the maximum Barkhausen noise signal of slope under different frequency with the rate of change of change in voltage
Maximum extracts, and demarcates hardness at the bottom of screw mandrel tooth, real with the contrast of calibration value by detected value
The measurement of hardness at the bottom of existing screw mandrel tooth.Maximum by the rate of change of the Barkhausen noise signal under different frequency
Value is combined (at least include being divided by, subtract each other, inverted subtract each other), as hardened-depth at the bottom of leading screw tooth
The calibrating parameters of degree, demarcates the case depth at the bottom of leading screw tooth.Demarcation repeats above-mentioned step after completing
Suddenly, the measurement of leading screw hardness and case depth is completed.
Claims (3)
1. hardness micro-magnetic lossless detection method at the bottom of leading screw tooth, it is characterised in that micro-magnetic probe of employing rotates with leading screw
And advance, the tapered end of the U-shaped electric magnet of micro-magnetic probe and adjacent two leading screw crest laminating excitation loops, utilize
Different frequency, the sine wave signal DM of amplitude crescendo scanning, carry out crescendo formula periodically magnetized to position bottom tooth,
The Barkhausen noise signal produced during the detection coil of tooth basal surface receives tooth bottom material periodically magnetized, adopts
With two class magnetics parameters, hardness is characterized, including Barkhausen noise signal characteristic parameter under single excitation frequency with
The maximum of the rate of change of the sinusoidal wave change curve of amplitude crescendo scanning, characteristic parameter includes peak value, half-peak breadth, mean square
Root；Under different exciting frequency, Barkhausen's characteristic signal is with number between the maximum of the rate of change of sinusoidal scanning signal
Value relation relation.
Hardness micro-magnetic lossless detection method at the bottom of leading screw tooth the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be passed through
The sine wave signal of the amplitude crescendo scanning of the different frequency of electric magnet includes that the multicycle that peak value linearly rises is sinusoidal
Ripple signal, and peak value be multicycle of rising of ladder sinusoidal wave, include in single ladder that the constant amplitude in multiple cycle is sinusoidal
Ripple signal, carries out the crescendo formula periodically magnetized of different driving frequency to position bottom tooth.
Hardness micro-magnetic lossless detection method at the bottom of leading screw tooth the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that at the bottom of tooth
Position is during crescendo formula periodically magnetized, and sinusoidal magnitude variation grades is limited, the Barkhausen of detection coil output
The characteristic parameter of noise signal can only represent with discrete data point with the change curve of scan amplitude, and characteristic parameter at least wraps
Containing peak value, half-peak breadth, root-mean-square；For calculating the rate of change of change curve, discrete data point is carried out windowing intercepting,
Data point in window carrying out Linear Quasi merging and asks for slope, the mobile window that intercepts repeats said process, i.e. can get Bark person of outstanding talent
The characteristic parameter of gloomy noise signal is with the change rate curve of scan amplitude change curve.
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| CN201610320368.5A CN106018541A (en) | 2016-05-15 | 2016-05-15 | Lead screw thread bottom hardness micro-magnetic nondestructive detection method |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108872359A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-23 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of magnetic mixing non-linear detection method for ferrimagnet hardness characterization |
| CN110291475A (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2019-09-27 | 国立大学法人神户大学 | Evaluation method, the processing method and lathe of evaluating apparatus and the workpiece using the evaluation method of body surface |
| CN110794026A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-02-14 | 南京理工大学 | Multi-frequency automatic scanning material hardness detection device and method |
| CN111480072A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-07-31 | 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 | Method of using a non-destructive material inspection system |
| CN113109425A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-07-13 | 北京工业大学 | Ferromagnetic blade micro-magnetic detection device |
| CN113109421A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-13 | 北京工业大学 | Micro-magnetic nondestructive detection sensor suitable for concave curved surface |
| CN113661390A (en) * | 2019-04-05 | 2021-11-16 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method for testing components, in particular injector holders |
| CN113916707A (en) * | 2021-09-25 | 2022-01-11 | 钢铁研究总院 | Hardness prediction model establishing method and prediction method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110291475A (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2019-09-27 | 国立大学法人神户大学 | Evaluation method, the processing method and lathe of evaluating apparatus and the workpiece using the evaluation method of body surface |
| CN111480072A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-07-31 | 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 | Method of using a non-destructive material inspection system |
| CN108872359A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-23 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of magnetic mixing non-linear detection method for ferrimagnet hardness characterization |
| CN108872359B (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2022-04-22 | 北京工业大学 | Magnetic mixing nonlinear detection method for ferromagnetic material hardness characterization |
| CN110794026A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-02-14 | 南京理工大学 | Multi-frequency automatic scanning material hardness detection device and method |
| CN113661390A (en) * | 2019-04-05 | 2021-11-16 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method for testing components, in particular injector holders |
| CN113109425A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-07-13 | 北京工业大学 | Ferromagnetic blade micro-magnetic detection device |
| CN113109421A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-13 | 北京工业大学 | Micro-magnetic nondestructive detection sensor suitable for concave curved surface |
| CN113916707A (en) * | 2021-09-25 | 2022-01-11 | 钢铁研究总院 | Hardness prediction model establishing method and prediction method |
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Application publication date: 20161012 |