CN108864694A - 一种耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,涉及聚氨酯制备技术领域,包括以下步骤:将环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二丁基锡二月桂酸酯混合,升温反应,然后加入3,5‑二甲硫基甲苯二胺、二溴新戊二醇,搅拌反应,脱泡,干燥熟化,即得聚氨酯预聚体;将聚氨酯预聚体、酚醛树脂、苯乙烯、叶黄素、白炭黑、纳米二氧化硅、高岭土、增塑剂加入到双螺杆混炼机中,混炼,加入氢氧化铝、硼酸锌、硬脂酸锌、硫化剂、硫化促进剂,混炼,排出,得混炼料;将混炼料模压成型,采用60Co的γ射线辐照处理,即得。本发明的聚氨酯复合材料具有很好的热稳定性及机械力学性,且耐老化性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯通常是由聚醚/聚酯多元醇、异氰酸酯、扩链剂、交联剂及少量助剂制得。由于聚氨酯分子中含有脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、醚、酯等基团,其耐热性不好,在高温下易发生软化、分解,机械性能急剧下降。普通聚氨酯材料只能在80℃以下长期使用,短期使用温度不超过120℃,且其耐老化性能也不高,从而限制了聚氨酯材料的应用范围。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,具有很好的热稳定性及机械力学性,且耐老化性好。
本发明提出的一种耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二丁基锡二月桂酸酯混合,升温至75-85℃,搅拌反应1.5-2h,然后加入3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺、二溴新戊二醇,搅拌反应2-3h,抽真空脱泡,干燥熟化,即得聚氨酯预聚体;
S2、将聚氨酯预聚体、酚醛树脂、苯乙烯、叶黄素、白炭黑、纳米二氧化硅、高岭土、增塑剂加入到双螺杆混炼机中,进行一次混炼,然后加入氢氧化铝、硼酸锌、硬脂酸锌、硫化剂、硫化促进剂,进行二次混炼,排出,得混炼料;
S3、将混炼料在平板硫化机上模压成型,然后采用60Co的γ射线辐照处理,即得。
优选地,所述S1中,环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯的羟值为0.8-1.1mmol/g,环氧值为1.6-2.0mmol/g。
优选地,所述S1中,环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二丁基锡二月桂酸酯、3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺、二溴新戊二醇的重量比为40-50:50-60:35-44:0.02-0.05:9-14:5-8。
优选地,所述S2中,聚氨酯预聚体、酚醛树脂、苯乙烯、叶黄素、白炭黑、纳米二氧化硅、高岭土、增塑剂、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌、硬脂酸锌、硫化剂、硫化促进剂的重量比为100:5-12:1-3:0.5-2:3-7:3-7:7-15:0.2-1:0.2-1:0.2-1:0.2-1:2-5:1-2。
优选地,所述S2中,二次混炼的温度高于一次混炼50-60℃。
优选地,所述S2中,一次混炼的温度为90-100℃,混炼时间为7-15min,优化地,二次混炼的温度为140-150℃,时间为10-20min。
优选地,所述S2中,螺杆的转速为100-200r/min。
优选地,所述S3中,所述辐射剂量率为12-15kGy/h,辐照时间为1.5-2.5h。
有益效果:本发明以环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯为原料,形成的硬段中具有较高的苯环含量,提高了硬段的刚性,进而提高聚氨酯材料的耐热性,并在聚氨酯形成的软段中引入了环氧基团;再加入3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺、二溴新戊二醇合并扩链制备聚氨酯预聚体,其中3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺在聚氨酯材料中形成的氨酯基的极性较大,硬段间可形成更多的氢键,增加了硬段之间的互相作用,提高聚氨酯复合材料的微相分离程度,进而提高其耐热性,二溴新戊二醇则将溴元素引入到聚氨酯分子链中,提高其阻燃性,两者配合反应活性适中;将制得的聚氨酯预聚体、酚醛树脂、苯乙烯、叶黄素、白炭黑、纳米二氧化硅、高岭土、增塑剂加入到双螺杆混炼机中,进行一次混炼,然后加入氢氧化铝、硼酸锌、硬脂酸锌、硫化剂、硫化促进剂,进行二次混炼,采用两次混炼,且二次混炼温度高于一次混炼,使得材料中各原料之间充分融合,有利于后续辐照交联,聚氨酯预聚体结构上含有双键、环氧基、氨酯基等,在60Co的γ射线的辐照作用下,能够与酚醛树脂、苯乙烯以及含共聚烯烃结构的叶黄素发生交联,交联密度高,进一步提高材料的耐热性和物理机械性能,且共轭聚烯烃结构在聚氨酯材料老化过程中会吸收紫外线双键断裂,但又会和聚氨酯链重新交联进而改善聚氨酯材料的耐老化性能,与加入的白炭黑、纳米二氧化硅、高岭土、增塑剂、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌、硬脂酸锌、硫化剂、硫化促进剂配合,制得的聚氨酯复合材料具有较好的物理机械性能以及耐热性,且在混炼操作中控制螺杆的转速,能够避免摩擦产生的热量导致阻燃剂的分解,保证材料的阻燃性能。本发明中的聚氨酯复合材料具有很好的热稳定性及机械力学性,其5%热失重温度≥250.5℃,拉伸强度≥50.3MPa、断裂伸长率≥532.2%,且耐老化性好,经紫外照射180h其性能改变不大。
具体实施方式
下面,通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明提出的一种耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将40环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯、60份聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、35份4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、0.02份二丁基锡二月桂酸酯混合,升温至75℃,搅拌反应1.5h,然后加入9份3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺、8份二溴新戊二醇,搅拌反应2h,抽真空脱泡,干燥熟化,即得聚氨酯预聚体;其中,环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯的羟值为0.8-1.1mmol/g,环氧值为1.6-2.0mmol/g;
S2、将100份聚氨酯预聚体、5份酚醛树脂、3份苯乙烯、0.5份叶黄素、7份白炭黑、3份纳米二氧化硅、15份高岭土、0.2份增塑剂加入到双螺杆混炼机中,进行一次混炼,混料温度为90℃,混炼时间为7min,螺杆转速为100r/min,然后加入0.2份氢氧化铝、1份硼酸锌、0.2份硬脂酸锌、2份硫化剂、1份硫化促进剂,进行二次混炼,混炼温度为140℃,时间为10min,螺杆转速为100r/min,排出,得混炼料;
S3、将混炼料在平板硫化机上模压成型,然后采用60Co的γ射线辐照处理,辐射剂量率为12kGy/h,辐照时间为1.5h,即得。
实施例2
本发明提出的一种耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将50份环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯、50份聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、44份4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、0.05份二丁基锡二月桂酸酯混合,升温至85℃,搅拌反应2h,然后加入14份3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺、5份二溴新戊二醇,搅拌反应3h,抽真空脱泡,干燥熟化,即得聚氨酯预聚体;其中,环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯的羟值为0.8-1.1mmol/g,环氧值为1.6-2.0mmol/g;
S2、将100份聚氨酯预聚体、12份酚醛树脂、1份苯乙烯、2份叶黄素、3份白炭黑、7份纳米二氧化硅、7份高岭土、1份增塑剂加入到双螺杆混炼机中,进行一次混炼,混料温度为100℃,混炼时间为15min,螺杆转速为200r/min,然后加入1份氢氧化铝、0.2份硼酸锌、1份硬脂酸锌、5份硫化剂、2份硫化促进剂,进行二次混炼,混炼温度为150℃,时间为20min,螺杆转速为200r/min,排出,得混炼料;
S3、将混炼料在平板硫化机上模压成型,然后采用60Co的γ射线辐照处理,辐射剂量率为15kGy/h,辐照时间为2.5h,即得。
实施例3
本发明提出的一种耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将44份环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯、56份聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、39份4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、0.03份二丁基锡二月桂酸酯混合,升温至80℃,搅拌反应1.5h,然后加入10份3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺、7份二溴新戊二醇,搅拌反应2.5h,抽真空脱泡,干燥熟化,即得聚氨酯预聚体;其中,环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯的羟值为0.8-1.1mmol/g,环氧值为1.6-2.0mmol/g;
S2、将100份聚氨酯预聚体、8份酚醛树脂、2份苯乙烯、1份叶黄素、6份白炭黑、4份纳米二氧化硅、11份高岭土、0.4份增塑剂加入到双螺杆混炼机中,进行一次混炼,混料温度为95℃,混炼时间为10min,螺杆转速为150r/min,然后加入0.5份氢氧化铝、1份硼酸锌、0.5份硬脂酸锌、3.5份硫化剂、1.5份硫化促进剂,进行二次混炼,混炼温度为150℃,时间为15min,螺杆转速为150r/min,排出,得混炼料;
S3、将混炼料在平板硫化机上模压成型,然后采用60Co的γ射线辐照处理,辐射剂量率为13kGy/h,辐照时间为2h,即得。
实施例4
本发明提出的一种耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将47份环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯、53份聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、42份4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、0.04份二丁基锡二月桂酸酯混合,升温至80℃,搅拌反应2h,然后加入12份3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺、6份二溴新戊二醇,搅拌反应2.5h,抽真空脱泡,干燥熟化,即得聚氨酯预聚体;其中,环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯的羟值为0.8-1.1mmol/g,环氧值为1.6-2.0mmol/g;
S2、将100份聚氨酯预聚体、10份酚醛树脂、1.5份苯乙烯、1.5份叶黄素、5份白炭黑、6份纳米二氧化硅、12份高岭土、0.6份增塑剂加入到双螺杆混炼机中,进行一次混炼,混料温度为90℃,混炼时间为12min,螺杆转速为160r/min,然后加入0.7份氢氧化铝、0.8份硼酸锌、0.4份硬脂酸锌、4份硫化剂、2份硫化促进剂,进行二次混炼,混炼温度为150℃,时间为12min,螺杆转速为140r/min,排出,得混炼料;
S3、将混炼料在平板硫化机上模压成型,然后采用60Co的γ射线辐照处理,辐射剂量率为14kGy/h,辐照时间为2h,即得。
对本发明实施例1-4制备的聚氨酯复合材料的性能进行测试
1、热稳定性:采用热重分析仪在空气气氛中测定,测定温度范围为30-600℃,升温速率为20℃/min;
2、机械性能:按GB/T 528-1988测定拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,然后采用吸收波长在290-400nm的紫外线照射180h,测定老化后的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,计算相应下降率。
表1聚氨酯复合材料的热稳定性和机械性能参数
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | |
5%热失重温度/℃ | 250.5 | 268.4 | 265.3 | 275.3 |
拉伸强度/MPa | 50.3 | 51.7 | 51.5 | 52.3 |
断裂伸长率/% | 532.2 | 538.3 | 536.4 | 540.2 |
拉伸强度下降率/% | 10.83 | 9.44 | 10.17 | 9.07 |
断裂伸长率下降率/% | 7.54 | 7.17 | 7.38 | 6.94 |
从表中可以看出,本发明实施例中的聚氨酯复合材料具有较好的热稳定性,且拉伸强度和断裂伸长率好,经紫外光照射180h,其性能变化率小。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二丁基锡二月桂酸酯混合,升温至75-85℃,搅拌反应1.5-2h,然后加入3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺、二溴新戊二醇,搅拌反应2-3h,抽真空脱泡,干燥熟化,即得聚氨酯预聚体;
S2、将聚氨酯预聚体、酚醛树脂、苯乙烯、叶黄素、白炭黑、纳米二氧化硅、高岭土、增塑剂加入到双螺杆混炼机中,进行一次混炼,然后加入氢氧化铝、硼酸锌、硬脂酸锌、硫化剂、硫化促进剂,进行二次混炼,排出,得混炼料;
S3、将混炼料在平板硫化机上模压成型,然后采用60Co的γ射线辐照处理,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S1中,环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯的羟值为0.8-1.1mmol/g,环氧值为1.6-2.0mmol/g。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S1中,环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二丁基锡二月桂酸酯、3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺、二溴新戊二醇的重量比为40-50:50-60:35-44:0.02-0.05:9-14:5-8。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2中,聚氨酯预聚体、酚醛树脂、苯乙烯、叶黄素、白炭黑、纳米二氧化硅、高岭土、增塑剂、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌、硬脂酸锌、硫化剂、硫化促进剂的重量比为100:5-12:1-3:0.5-2:3-7:3-7:7-15:0.2-1:0.2-1:0.2-1:0.2-1:2-5:1-2。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2中,二次混炼的温度高于一次混炼50-60℃。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2中,一次混炼的温度为90-100℃,混炼时间为7-15min,优化地,二次混炼的温度为140-150℃,时间为10-20min。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一所述的耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2中,螺杆的转速为100-200r/min。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一所述的耐热性的聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S3中,所述辐射剂量率为12-15kGy/h,辐照时间为1.5-2.5h。
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