CN108863368A - 开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺 - Google Patents
开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:步骤一、将石油焦用光合细菌水溶液、水、十六烷基磺酸钠形成的混合液处理之后煅烧得煅后焦;步骤二、将煅后焦进行破碎、筛分、磨粉,将煤沥青、矿物油、植物绝缘油、蓖麻油、份碳化硼、纳米氮化铝、硬脂酸搅拌均匀形成混料,取混料、不同粒径的煅后焦颗粒、减水剂、消泡剂、季戊四醇硬脂酸酯加入混捏锅中进行混捏,混捏好的料加入振动成型机中进行成型,得阳极生坯;步骤三、焙烧阳极生胚,冷却后出炉,得预焙阳极;步骤四、将预焙阳极放置在开槽锯上进行锯切,得开槽预焙阳极。本发明具有降低预焙阳极掉块、掉渣、出现裂纹的发生概率的有益效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及预焙阳极领域。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺。
背景技术
预焙阳极是以石油焦、沥青焦为骨料,煤沥青为黏结剂制造而成,用作预焙铝电解槽作阳极材料。对生产铝电解用阳极材料而言,硫是一种有害元素,含硫量较大的石油焦在生产预焙阳极时容易导致产品裂纹。煤沥青关键的性能包括流变性、结焦值、粘结性,煤沥青作为粘结剂和渗透剂,在混捏时,液态的煤沥青通过浸润进入到煅后焦孔隙中,若煤沥青具有较好的流变性,能在有效的时间内充分包裹石油焦颗粒,保证预焙阳极质地均匀、密实,在电化学反应过程中,使预焙阳极均匀的被消耗,降低预焙阳极掉块、掉渣、出现裂纹的发生概率。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是解决至少上述问题,并提供至少后面将说明的优点。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺,降低预焙阳极掉块、掉渣、出现裂纹的发生概率。
为了实现根据本发明的这些目的和其它优点,提供了一种开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、取质量分数为5%的硝酸水溶液浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除硝酸水溶液,取质量分数为6%的氢氧化钾水溶液浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除氢氧化钾水溶液,用水浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除水,按重量比例份数计,取10份光合细菌水溶液、100份水、1份十六烷基磺酸钠混合形成混合液,取混合液浸没石油焦,放置72~96h,取出石油焦,再将石油焦置于1350~1450℃的高温下隔绝空气进行煅烧,得煅后焦,其中,光合细菌水溶液的配制方法为:向透明容器中加入自来水暴晒24h,向自来水中加入光合细菌培养基和光合细菌,置于室内采光处密封进行培养,每隔12h摇晃塑料壶一次,培养72h,得到光合细菌水溶液,其中,自来水、光合细菌培养基以及光合细菌的质量比为25:2:1;
步骤二、将煅后焦进行破碎,用振动筛筛分,得粒径为3~6mm的第一颗粒、1~3mm的第二颗粒、0~1mm的第三颗粒,将第三颗粒分成两份,取其中一份用磨粉机磨成粒径小于0.06mm的细粉,按重量份数比例计,取100份煤沥青、5份矿物油、5份植物绝缘油、3份蓖麻油、0.3份碳化硼、1份纳米氮化铝、2份硬脂酸在0.5个大气压力下50℃的温度下搅拌均匀形成混料,按重量份计,取50份混料、50份第一颗粒、70份第二颗粒、另外一份第三颗粒70份、70份细粉、5份减水剂、2份消泡剂、1份季戊四醇硬脂酸酯加入混捏锅中混合均匀,混捏好的料加入振动成型机中进行成型,得阳极生坯;
步骤三、将阳极生坯装入焙烧炉中,以6℃/h升温速率将焙烧炉升温至600~650℃,预热2~2.5h,再以10~12℃/h的升温速率将焙烧炉内升至1250~1300℃,保温85~90h,焙烧好的阳极冷却后出炉,得预焙阳极;
步骤四、将预焙阳极放置在开槽锯上进行锯切,得开槽预焙阳极。
优选的是,步骤一中煅烧石油焦时先将温度升至200℃保温6h,再升至1350~1450℃煅烧。
优选的是,步骤二中煤沥青的结焦值在55~60%。
优选的是,步骤二中成型机的振动时间为160~180s,压力为1.4~1.6kg/cm2。
优选的是,步骤四中开槽预焙阳极沿长度方向上的横截面为梯形,开槽预焙阳极沿宽度方向上的横截面为梯形。
优选的是,步骤四中开槽预焙阳极的相对的侧壁上锯切沟槽,且方向竖直向上。
本发明至少包括以下有益效果:取硝酸水溶液、氢氧化钾水溶液以及水超声处理石油焦,有利于清理石油焦中酸性和碱性的物质,高硫石油焦容易导致预焙阳极在使用过程中产生裂纹,石油焦采用光合细菌水溶液处理,光合细菌可以降解硫化物等有毒物质,从而降低石油焦中的硫元素含量,降低预焙阳极产生裂纹的概率,按重量份数比例取煤沥青、矿物油、植物绝缘油、蓖麻油、碳化硼、纳米氮化铝、硬脂酸混合形成混料,可增加煤沥青的流变性,按重量份计,取50份混料、50份第一颗粒、70份第二颗粒、另外一份第三颗粒70份、70份细粉、5份减水剂、2份消泡剂、1份季戊四醇硬脂酸酯加入混捏锅中混合均匀,提高了煤沥青的浸润性,使煤沥青渗透至石油焦颗粒的孔隙,包裹和填充石油焦颗粒,保证预焙阳极质地均匀、密实,降低预焙阳极掉块、掉渣、出现裂纹的发生概率。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现,部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
需要说明的是,下述实施方案中所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,所述试剂和材料,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
<实施例1>
开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、取质量分数为5%的硝酸水溶液浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除硝酸水溶液,取质量分数为6%的氢氧化钾水溶液浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除氢氧化钾水溶液,用水浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除水,按重量比例份数计,取10份光合细菌水溶液、100份水、1份十六烷基磺酸钠混合形成混合液,取混合液浸没石油焦,放置72h,取出石油焦,再将石油焦置于1350℃的高温下隔绝空气进行煅烧,得煅后焦,其中,光合细菌水溶液的配制方法为:向透明容器中加入自来水暴晒24h,向自来水中加入光合细菌培养基和光合细菌,置于室内采光处密封进行培养,每隔12h摇晃透明容器一次,培养72h,得到光合细菌水溶液,其中,自来水、光合细菌培养基以及光合细菌的质量比为50:2:1;
步骤二、将煅后焦进行破碎,用振动筛筛分,得粒径为3~6mm的第一颗粒、1~3mm的第二颗粒、0~1mm的第三颗粒,将第三颗粒分成两份,取其中一份用磨粉机磨成粒径小于0.06mm的细粉,按重量份数比例计,取100份煤沥青、5份矿物油、5份植物绝缘油、3份蓖麻油、0.3份碳化硼、1份纳米氮化铝、2份硬脂酸在0.5个大气压力下50℃的温度下搅拌均匀形成混料,按重量份计,取50份混料、50份第一颗粒、70份第二颗粒、另外一份第三颗粒70份、70份细粉、5份减水剂、2份消泡剂、1份季戊四醇硬脂酸酯加入混捏锅中混合均匀,混捏好的料加入振动成型机中进行成型,得阳极生坯;
步骤三、将阳极生坯装入焙烧炉中,以6℃/h升温速率将焙烧炉升温至600℃,预热2h,再以10℃/h的升温速率将焙烧炉内升至1250℃,保温85h,焙烧好的阳极冷却后出炉,得预焙阳极;
步骤四、将预焙阳极放置在开槽锯上进行锯切,得开槽预焙阳极。
<实施例2>
开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、取质量分数为5%的硝酸水溶液浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除硝酸水溶液,取质量分数为6%的氢氧化钾水溶液浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除氢氧化钾水溶液,用水浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除水,按重量比例份数计,取10份光合细菌水溶液、100份水、1份十六烷基磺酸钠混合形成混合液,取混合液浸没石油焦,放置96h,取出石油焦,再将石油焦置于1450℃的高温下隔绝空气进行煅烧,得煅后焦,其中,光合细菌水溶液的配制方法为:向透明容器中加入自来水暴晒24h,向自来水中加入光合细菌培养基和光合细菌,置于室内采光处密封进行培养,每隔12h摇晃塑料壶一次,培养72h,得到光合细菌水溶液,其中,自来水、光合细菌培养基以及光合细菌的质量比为50:2:1;
步骤二、将煅后焦进行破碎,用振动筛筛分,得粒径为3~6mm的第一颗粒、1~3mm的第二颗粒、0~1mm的第三颗粒,将第三颗粒分成两份,取其中一份用磨粉机磨成粒径小于0.06mm的细粉,按重量份数比例计,取100份煤沥青、5份矿物油、5份植物绝缘油、3份蓖麻油、0.3份碳化硼、1份纳米氮化铝、2份硬脂酸在0.5个大气压力下50℃的温度下搅拌均匀形成混料,按重量份计,取50份混料、50份第一颗粒、70份第二颗粒、另外一份第三颗粒70份、70份细粉、5份减水剂、2份消泡剂、1份季戊四醇硬脂酸酯加入混捏锅中混合均匀,混捏好的料加入振动成型机中进行成型,得阳极生坯;
步骤三、将阳极生坯装入焙烧炉中,以6℃/h升温速率将焙烧炉升温至650℃,预热2.5h,再以12℃/h的升温速率将焙烧炉内升至1300℃,保温90h,焙烧好的阳极冷却后出炉,得预焙阳极;
步骤四、将预焙阳极放置在开槽锯上进行锯切,得开槽预焙阳极。
<实施例3>
开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、取质量分数为5%的硝酸水溶液浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除硝酸水溶液,取质量分数为6%的氢氧化钾水溶液浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除氢氧化钾水溶液,用水浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除水,按重量比例份数计,取10份光合细菌水溶液、100份水、1份十六烷基磺酸钠混合形成混合液,取混合液浸没石油焦,放置84h,取出石油焦,再将石油焦置于1400℃的高温下隔绝空气进行煅烧,得煅后焦,其中,光合细菌水溶液的配制方法为:向透明容器中加入自来水暴晒24h,向自来水中加入光合细菌培养基和光合细菌,置于室内采光处密封进行培养,每隔12h摇晃塑料壶一次,培养72h,得到光合细菌水溶液,其中,自来水、光合细菌培养基以及光合细菌的质量比为50:2:1;
步骤二、将煅后焦进行破碎,用振动筛筛分,得粒径为3~6mm的第一颗粒、1~3mm的第二颗粒、0~1mm的第三颗粒,将第三颗粒分成两份,取其中一份用磨粉机磨成粒径小于0.06mm的细粉,按重量份数比例计,取100份煤沥青、5份矿物油、5份植物绝缘油、3份蓖麻油、0.3份碳化硼、1份纳米氮化铝、2份硬脂酸在0.5个大气压力下50℃的温度下搅拌均匀形成混料,按重量份计,取50份混料、50份第一颗粒、70份第二颗粒、另外一份第三颗粒70份、70份细粉、5份减水剂、2份消泡剂、1份季戊四醇硬脂酸酯加入混捏锅中混合均匀,混捏好的料加入振动成型机中进行成型,得阳极生坯;
步骤三、将阳极生坯装入焙烧炉中,以6℃/h升温速率将焙烧炉升温至625℃,预热2.2h,再以11℃/h的升温速率将焙烧炉内升至1275℃,保温88h,焙烧好的阳极冷却后出炉,得预焙阳极;
步骤四、将预焙阳极放置在开槽锯上进行锯切,得开槽预焙阳极。
<对比例1>
开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将煅后焦进行破碎,用振动筛筛分,得粒径为3~6mm的第一颗粒、1~3mm的第二颗粒、0~1mm的第三颗粒,将第三颗粒分成两份,取其中一份用磨粉机磨成粒径小于0.06mm的细粉,按重量份数比例计,取100份煤沥青、5份矿物油、5份植物绝缘油、3份蓖麻油、0.3份碳化硼、1份纳米氮化铝、2份硬脂酸在0.5个大气压力下50℃的温度下搅拌均匀形成混料,按重量份计,取50份混料、50份第一颗粒、70份第二颗粒、另外一份第三颗粒70份、70份细粉、5份减水剂、2份消泡剂、1份季戊四醇硬脂酸酯加入混捏锅中混合均匀,混捏好的料加入振动成型机中进行成型,得阳极生坯;
步骤二、将阳极生坯装入焙烧炉中,以6℃/h升温速率将焙烧炉升温至650℃,预热2.5h,再以12℃/h的升温速率将焙烧炉内升至1300℃,保温90h,焙烧好的阳极冷却后出炉,得预焙阳极;
步骤三、将预焙阳极放置在开槽锯上进行锯切,得开槽预焙阳极。
<对比例2>
开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、取质量分数为5%的硝酸水溶液浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除硝酸水溶液,取质量分数为6%的氢氧化钾水溶液浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除氢氧化钾水溶液,用水浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除水,按重量比例份数计,取10份光合细菌水溶液、100份水、1份十六烷基磺酸钠混合形成混合液,取混合液浸没石油焦,放置96h,取出石油焦,再将石油焦置于1450℃的高温下隔绝空气进行煅烧,得煅后焦,其中,光合细菌水溶液的配制方法为:向透明容器中加入自来水暴晒24h,向自来水中加入光合细菌培养基和光合细菌,置于室内采光处密封进行培养,每隔12h摇晃塑料壶一次,培养72h,得到光合细菌水溶液,其中,自来水、光合细菌培养基以及光合细菌的质量比为50:2:1;
步骤二、将煅后焦进行破碎,用振动筛筛分,得粒径为3~6mm的第一颗粒、1~3mm的第二颗粒、0~1mm的第三颗粒,将第三颗粒分成两份,取其中一份用磨粉机磨成粒径小于0.06mm的细粉,按重量份计,取50份煤沥青、50份第一颗粒、70份第二颗粒、另外一份第三颗粒70份、70份细粉加入混捏锅中混合均匀,混捏好的料加入振动成型机中进行成型,得阳极生坯;
步骤三、将阳极生坯装入焙烧炉中,以6℃/h升温速率将焙烧炉升温至650℃,预热2.5h,再以12℃/h的升温速率将焙烧炉内升至1300℃,保温90h,焙烧好的阳极冷却后出炉,得预焙阳极;
步骤四、将预焙阳极放置在开槽锯上进行锯切,得开槽预焙阳极。
<预焙阳极评价>
对实施例1-3、对比例1-2的预焙阳极的表观密度、真密度、电阻率、抗压强度进行测量并记录,数据结果如下表所示。
表观密度g/cm3 | 真密度g/cm3 | 电阻率μΩ.m | 抗压强度MPa | |
实施例1 | 1.86 | 2.36 | 45 | 49 |
实施例2 | 1.88 | 2.32 | 43 | 50 |
实施例3 | 1.90 | 2.34 | 44 | 49 |
对比例1 | 1.60 | 2.05 | 48 | 45 |
对比例2 | 1.66 | 1.98 | 49 | 44 |
实施例1~3和对比例1~2的数据结果表示,实施例1~3中预焙阳极的表观密度和真密度大于对比例1~2中预焙阳极的表观密度和真密度,表明实施例1~3中的预焙阳极内部孔隙和空隙更少,连接更紧密,对比例1与实施例1~3进行比较,光合细菌对含硫化合物的分解对预焙阳极的表观密度和真密度有积极的影响,对比例2与实施例1~3进行比较,煤沥青中加入矿物油、植物绝缘油、蓖麻油、碳化硼、纳米氮化铝、硬脂酸混合,之后再与不同粒径的石油焦颗粒、细粉、减水剂、消泡剂以及季戊四醇硬脂酸酯进行混合混捏,这些操作对提高降表观密度和真密度、降低电阻率、增加抗压强度有积极的影响,保证预焙阳极质地均匀、密实,降低预焙阳极掉块、掉渣、出现裂纹的发生概率。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的实施例。
Claims (6)
1.开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、取质量分数为5%的硝酸水溶液浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除硝酸水溶液,取质量分数为6%的氢氧化钾水溶液浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除氢氧化钾水溶液,用水浸没石油焦,100kHz下超声处理24h,去除水,按重量比例份数计,取10份光合细菌水溶液、100份水、1份十六烷基磺酸钠混合形成混合液,取混合液浸没石油焦,放置72~96h,取出石油焦,再将石油焦置于1350~1450℃的高温下隔绝空气进行煅烧,得煅后焦,其中,光合细菌水溶液的配制方法为:向透明容器中加入自来水暴晒24h,向自来水中加入光合细菌培养基和光合细菌,置于室内采光处密封进行培养,每隔12h摇晃透明容器一次,培养72h,得到光合细菌水溶液,其中,自来水、光合细菌培养基以及光合细菌的质量比为50:2:1;
步骤二、将煅后焦进行破碎,用振动筛筛分,得粒径为3~6mm的第一颗粒、1~3mm的第二颗粒、0~1mm的第三颗粒,将第三颗粒分成两份,取其中一份用磨粉机磨成粒径小于0.06mm的细粉,按重量份数比例计,取100份煤沥青、5份矿物油、5份植物绝缘油、3份蓖麻油、0.3份碳化硼、1份纳米氮化铝、2份硬脂酸在0.5个大气压力下50℃的温度下搅拌均匀形成混料,按重量份计,取50份混料、50份第一颗粒、70份第二颗粒、另外一份第三颗粒70份、70份细粉、5份减水剂、2份消泡剂、1份季戊四醇硬脂酸酯加入混捏锅中混合均匀,混捏好的料加入振动成型机中进行成型,得阳极生坯;
步骤三、将阳极生坯装入焙烧炉中,以6℃/h升温速率将焙烧炉升温至600~650℃,预热2~2.5h,再以10~12℃/h的升温速率将焙烧炉内升至1250~1300℃,保温85~90h,焙烧好的阳极冷却后出炉,得预焙阳极;
步骤四、将预焙阳极放置在开槽锯上进行锯切,得开槽预焙阳极。
2.如权利要求1所述的开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺,其特征在于,步骤一中煅烧石油焦时先将温度升至200℃保温6h,再升至1350~1450℃煅烧。
3.如权利要求1所述的开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺,其特征在于,步骤二中煤沥青的结焦值在55~60%。
4.如权利要求1所述的开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺,其特征在于,步骤二中成型机的振动时间为160~180s,压力为1.4~1.6kg/cm2。
5.如权利要求1所述的开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺,其特征在于,步骤四中开槽预焙阳极沿长度方向上的横截面为梯形,开槽预焙阳极沿宽度方向上的横截面为梯形。
6.如权利要求5所述的开槽预焙阳极的生产工艺,其特征在于,步骤四中开槽预焙阳极的相对的侧壁上锯切沟槽,且方向竖直向上。
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