CN108859725A - 用于独立轮驱动的电驱动系统 - Google Patents

用于独立轮驱动的电驱动系统 Download PDF

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CN108859725A
CN108859725A CN201810358541.XA CN201810358541A CN108859725A CN 108859725 A CN108859725 A CN 108859725A CN 201810358541 A CN201810358541 A CN 201810358541A CN 108859725 A CN108859725 A CN 108859725A
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shell
fixed
gear set
rotor
planetary gear
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L·A·普里查德
P·J·弗朗西斯
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BorgWarner Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/46—Systems consisting of a plurality of gear trains each with orbital gears, i.e. systems having three or more central gears
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
    • F16H57/082—Planet carriers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

驱动单元包括壳体、主轴、输出轴、电动机、第一行星齿轮组和第二行星齿轮组。主轴可旋转地设置在壳体中并且与壳体协作地限定旋转轴线。输出轴至少部分地设置在壳体中并且可围绕轴线旋转。电动机设置在壳体中并且具有以轴线为中心和可围绕轴线旋转的转子。第一行星齿轮组以轴线为中心并且在转子与第二行星齿轮组之间提供第一减速比。第二行星齿轮组在第一行星齿轮组与输出轴之间提供第二减速比。

Description

用于独立轮驱动的电驱动系统
背景技术
混合动力内燃机电动动力系可包括结合内燃机的多个电动机。第一或主电动机可与内燃机串联或替代地并联使用以对车辆的前轮或后轮提供动力。辅助驱动系统可用于对没有从内燃机得到动力的车轮提供动力。辅助系统可包括用于每个车轮的驱动单元，其中每个单元进一步包括电动机和被设置在电动机与相关车轮之间的齿轮组。已知的辅助驱动单元可具有有限的操作循环时间周期。期望提供一种具有适用于在持续时间周期内操作的驱动单元的辅助电动驱动系统，这些驱动单元可容纳在车辆的可用空间内。
附图说明
图1是由示例性紧凑型电动驱动器辅助的示例性混合动力电动IC动力系的示意平面图。
图2是图1的紧凑型电动驱动器的截面图。
图3是图2的电动驱动器的示例性右侧驱动单元的放大视图。
图4是示例性动力流的插图。
具体实施方式
相对定向和方向(作为示例，上面、下面、底部、向前、向后、前面、后面、背面、外侧、内侧、向内、向外、横向、左侧、右侧)在本说明中并非被阐述为限制，而是为了方便读者描述所述结构的至少一个实施例。这样的示例性定向是从坐在座位上面对仪表板的乘客的角度来看的。在附图中，在全部几个视图中，相同的附图标记指示相同的部分。
驱动单元包括壳体、主轴、输出轴、电动机、第一行星齿轮组和第二行星齿轮组。主轴可旋转地设置在壳体中，并且与壳体协作地限定旋转轴线。输出轴至少部分地设置在壳体中并且可围绕轴线旋转。电动机设置在壳体中，并且具有以该轴线为中心和可围绕该轴线旋转的转子。第一行星齿轮组以该轴线为中心，并且在转子与第二行星齿轮组之间提供第一减速比。第二行星齿轮组在第一行星齿轮组与输出轴之间提供第二减速比。
第一行星齿轮组可包括固定至转子的环形齿轮和固定至壳体的行星架以及固定至主轴的太阳齿轮。
电动机可包括固定至壳体并且设置在壳体内的定子。转子可包括环、轮毂和凸缘。该环可径向设置在定子内。轮毂可旋转地设置在主轴上。凸缘可在轮毂与环之间径向延伸并且固定地连接轮毂和环。环形齿轮可固定至转子环。第一行星齿轮组的环形齿轮和太阳齿轮以及行星齿轮可全部轴向地设置在转子凸缘与转子环的内侧边缘之间。
第二行星齿轮组可包括固定至主轴的太阳齿轮和固定至壳体的环形齿轮以及固定至输出轴的行星架。
壳体可部分地由发动机油盘形成。
用于齿轮组的润滑剂可为发动机油。
电动机的定子可为液体冷却型。
车辆可包括内燃机和驱动系统。内燃机可具有发动机油盘。驱动系统可包括第一驱动单元和第二驱动单元，每个驱动单元与驱动轮连接。每个驱动单元可包括壳体、主轴、输出轴、电动机、第一行星齿轮组和第二行星齿轮组。壳体可连接至发动机油盘。主轴可旋转地设置在壳体中。壳体可协作地限定旋转轴线。输出轴可至少部分地设置在壳体中并且可围绕轴线旋转。电动机可设置在壳体中，并且可具有以该轴线为中心和可围绕该轴线旋转的转子。第一行星齿轮组以该轴线为中心，并且在转子与第二行星齿轮组之间提供第一减速比。第二行星齿轮组在第一行星齿轮组与输出轴之间提供第二减速比。
如图1中所说明，示例性机动车辆10可包括由紧凑型电动驱动系统14辅助的混合动力系12。
示例性混合动力系12可包括内燃机16、电动机18(即，电动发电机18)、换挡变速器20、推进轴21、包括差速器的车轴22，以及连接至车轴22的后轮24。
参考图2，紧凑型驱动系统14可包括右侧驱动单元26和左侧驱动单元28。每个驱动单元26、28基本上是另一个驱动单元的镜像。右侧驱动单元26通过右前半轴32连接至右前驱动轮30。类似地，左侧驱动单元28通过右前半轴36连接至左前驱动轮34。根据半轴的常见配置，右前半轴和左前半轴可各自包括内侧等速接头和外侧等速接头。
参考图3，下面更详细地描述右侧驱动单元26。如上所述，左侧驱动单元28基本上是右侧驱动单元的镜像。因而，右侧驱动单元26的描述适用于左侧驱动单元28。
驱动单元26包括驱动单元电动机38(即，电动发电机38)并且可包括第一减速齿轮组40和第二减速齿轮组42。电动机38以及齿轮组40和42设置在右侧紧凑型驱动单元壳体44内。壳体44包括内壳体46和外壳体48。限定壳体48的内侧部分的内壳体46可形成为内燃机16的发动机油盘50的一部分，如图2和3中所说明，或可以其它方式固定地连接至发动机油盘50。右侧驱动单元外壳体48可固定至内壳体46的外侧。内壳体46和外壳体48协作保护地包围并支且撑电动机38和齿轮组40、42。
齿轮组40和42设置在电动机38与右侧输出凸缘54之间的功率流路径52中。右侧输出凸缘54连接至右侧半轴32。
中间壁56可设置在电动机38与第二减速齿轮组42之间。
电动机38包括定子58和转子60。定子58固定并且设置在壳体44内。定子58可被液体冷却的冷却套管62环绕或包含在其中。冷却套管62可包括用于液体冷却剂的冷却剂通道64。具有液体冷却的冷却套管的电动机是已知的并且是可市售的。销售液体冷却的电动机的一家公司是WEG电气公司。
转子60可旋转地设置在主轴66上。主轴66和壳体44协作地限定轴66和转子60围绕其旋转的旋转轴线68。轴承(例如，滚针轴承70)可径向设置在主轴66与转子60之间。
转子60可包括在转子60的外径处的磁体保持转子环72、在转子60的中心处的转子轮毂74以及设置在轮毂74与环72之间并且连接轮毂和环的转子凸缘76。环72径向地设置在定子58内。轴承70径向地设置在轮毂74与主轴66之间。
第一减速齿轮组40设置在转子60与主轴66之间并且驱动地连接转子60和主轴66。示例性齿轮组40说明了在转子60与第二减速齿轮组42之间提供减速比的一种方法。第一减速齿轮组40是包括第一环形齿轮78、由第一行星架82保持的多个第一行星齿轮80以及第一太阳齿轮84的行星齿轮组。环形齿轮78固定至转子环72上以与其一起移动。如所说明，环形齿轮78直接固定至环72，但是可替代地通过中间构件(例如，凸缘76)连接至该环。太阳齿轮84可形成为主轴66的一部分，或替代地可被按压在轴66上或以其它方式固定至轴66以与其一起移动。行星齿轮82径向设置在环形齿轮78与太阳齿轮84之间，其中行星齿轮82的齿与环形齿轮78和太阳齿轮84中的每一者的齿啮合。每个行星齿轮80可旋转地安装在第一行星轴86上。行星轴86固定至行星架82。第一行星架82相对于壳体44固定。行星架82可部分地由内壳体46形成。行星架82的第二部分可由固定至内壳体46的第一行星架托架88提供。第一减速齿轮组40以轴线68为中心，即，环形齿轮78、太阳齿轮84以及行星轴86所处的直径全部以轴线68为中心。第一减速齿轮组40基本上全部径向和轴向地设置在凸缘76的内侧上的转子环72内，即，环形齿轮78、太阳齿轮84和行星齿轮80全部轴向地设置在转子凸缘76与转子环72的内侧边缘89之间。这种布置有助于允许具有轴向紧凑型功率流路径52和驱动单元26。
第二减速齿轮组42设置在主轴66与输出凸缘54之间并且驱动地连接主轴66和输出凸缘54。第二减速齿轮组42是包括第二太阳齿轮90、由第二行星架94保持的多个第二行星齿轮92以及第二环形齿轮96的行星齿轮组。示例性太阳齿轮90固定至主轴66上以与其一起旋转。太阳齿轮90与主轴分开形成并固定至主轴上，但是可替代地与其一体地形成。第二环形齿轮96固定至外壳体48，防止环形齿轮96旋转。行星齿轮92径向设置在太阳齿轮90与环形齿轮96之间，其中行星齿轮92的齿与太阳齿轮90和环形齿轮96中的每一者的齿啮合。每个行星齿轮92可旋转地安装在第二行星轴98上。行星轴98固定至第二行星架94。行星架94可包括腹板构件(未示出)，在行星架94的内侧与行星架的外侧之间提供刚性连接。行星架可固定在其外侧上以例如与花键输出轴100一起形成为单元，花键输出轴100至少部分地设置在壳体44中。凸缘54可具有在输出轴100上滑动的花键轮毂。凸缘54和轴100的花键啮合以防止相对旋转。保持螺母102可设置在轴100的螺纹端上以将凸缘保持在轴100上。第二减速齿轮组42以轴线68为中心，即，环形齿轮96、太阳齿轮90以及行星轴98所处的直径全部以轴线68为中心。示例性齿轮组42说明了在第一行星齿轮组40与输出轴100之间提供减速比的一种方法。
可使用多个轴承(例如，滚珠轴承)来将单元26的所有旋转部分(即，轴66和其上面的太阳齿轮84、90)、转子60、第二行星架94以及固定至其的凸缘54维持为以围绕轴线68旋转为中心。这种轴承可包括内侧主轴支撑轴承104，其中外座圈设置在内壳体46的腔中。第一行星架-转子轴承106可径向设置在第一行星架82与转子轮毂74之间。转子-中间壁轴承108径向设置在转子轮毂74与中间壁56的第一轴向延伸唇部之间。第二行星架-中间壁轴承110径向设置在中间壁56的第二轴向延伸唇部与第二行星架94的轮毂之间。第二行星架支撑轴承112设置在外壳体48的外侧轮毂与输出轴100的轴承保持部之间。设置在轴承112外侧的输出密封件114可为唇部密封件的形式。主轴66的外侧端与第二行星架94的外侧内的孔之间的主轴支撑轴承116可为滚针轴承。
可用于控制电动机38的电动机旋转变压器117可固定至中间壁56的第一轴向延伸唇部。旋转变压器可在唇部和轴承108的径向外侧。
冷却剂可通过可形成在内壳体46中的冷却剂入口118被提供至通道64。冷却剂可通过穿过也可形成在内壳体46中的冷却剂出口120离开通道64。冷却剂可为来自内燃机的冷却系统的冷却剂。替代地，冷却剂可为专门用于冷却驱动单元26和28的电动机的另一种流体。
用于润滑齿轮齿和轴承的接合表面的润滑剂可通过润滑剂入口122被接收。润滑剂可通过润滑回路，该润滑回路可包括将润滑剂引导至期望区域的通道和孔口。重力可用来帮助引导润滑剂的流动。润滑回路可将润滑剂引导至壳体44的底部处的润滑剂贮槽124。示例性润滑剂贮槽124被发现位于外壳体48的底部处。润滑剂出口126允许润滑剂返回至润滑剂泵。润滑剂可为发动机润滑油。通过使用油盘50来形成内壳体46，可促进发动机润滑油的使用。使用发动机油作为润滑剂还将允许发动机16内的油泵向驱动单元供应润滑剂，从而避免需要为驱动单元26、28提供单独的泵和流体分配系统。替代地，当变速器20是配备有流体泵的自动变速器时，润滑剂可为通过将来自变速器20的压力管线(未示出)连接至单元26、28的润滑剂入口122而提供的变速器流体。变速器流体将通过润滑剂出口126与变速器20之间的连接导管返回至变速器20。替代地，紧凑型驱动系统14可具有单独的润滑系统，其具有自己的泵以润滑驱动单元26和28。
再次参考图1，电力管理系统128可包括电子控制单元130、发动机控制器132、电力电子单元134和车辆电池136。虽然未示出，但是电力管理系统128还可包括例如300伏直流电的高压电力总线、例如12伏直流电的低压电力总线以及电子通信总线。电子通信可替代地通过例如蓝牙技术无线地进行。
电子控制单元130可包括计算装置，该计算装置包括用于存储包括系统逻辑的数据和命令的存储器以及用于执行命令的处理器。电子控制单元130可被编程以操作混合动力系12和紧凑型驱动系统14中的每一者，并且协调混合动力系12和紧凑型驱动系统14的操作。
车辆电池136可为高电压电池，例如300伏直流电。
电力电子单元134可包括第一变压器，以将来自电池的直流电功率转换成三相交流电以供驱动单元26、28和电动机18中的每一者的电动机38使用。电力电子单元134还可包括第二变压器以将300伏直流电转换成12伏直流电。替代地，电力管理系统128可另外包括低电压(例如12伏)电池。电力电子单元134可响应于来自电子控制单元130的命令。
发动机控制器132可包括用于管理气流、燃料供给和发动机点火以及最终发动机16的转矩和转速的多个致动器和传感器。这样的致动器和传感器(例如节气门主体、燃料喷射器、质量空气流量传感器和曲轴位置传感器)是已知的。
在操作中，电子控制单元130可被编程以致动紧凑型驱动系统14以驱动前轮30、34，这与后轮24是否被驱动无关。紧凑型驱动系统14的致动还可与动力系12的致动和后轮24的驱动协调。可受益于混合动力系12的电子控制单元130与紧凑型驱动系统14的协调的车辆操纵的示例是全轮驱动操作模式下的转矩矢量控制。可由独立于混合动力系12的紧凑型驱动单元执行(即，没有来自混合动力系12的驱动转矩贡献)的车辆操纵的示例是平行驻车。
当驱动单元26、28中的一者被调用以提供驱动转矩时，每个驱动单元均以基本上相同的方式响应。右侧驱动单元26的操作的描述适用于左侧驱动单元28的操作。
如上所述，驱动单元26可在车辆10的操作期间被连续地供应有润滑流体和液体冷却剂。转子60的转速可取决于包括车辆10的速度和前轮30、34的转向角的车辆操作条件。转子60可通过车轮30的旋转而向后驱动。类似地，当车轮30不旋转时，转子60不旋转。
来自电子控制单元130的命令可引导电力电子单元向电动机38供电。响应于电力输入，在定子58与转子60之间产生转矩。当转矩克服车辆的阻力(包括摩擦阻力和车辆惯性)时，转矩60响应于转矩并且如果还没有旋转则开始旋转。
来自电动机38的转矩遵循功率流路径52。第一环形齿轮78与转子60作为一个单元一起旋转。行星齿轮80由第一环形齿轮78驱动。安装至固定行星架82的行星齿轮作为环形齿轮78与第一太阳齿轮84之间的惰轮。固定至太阳齿轮84的主轴66以与太阳齿轮84相同的速度旋转。主轴66的转速ωMS可基于第一环形齿轮78上的齿数NR1和第一太阳齿轮84上的齿数NS1作为转子60的转速ωR的函数来计算。所得到的等式(其中负号指示旋转方向的变化)是：
(1)ωMS＝-ωR*(NS1/NR1)。
沿着路径52继续，当主轴66旋转时，第二太阳齿轮90以相同的速度旋转，从而驱动第二行星齿轮92。在第二环形齿轮96固定至外壳体48并且第二行星架94自由旋转的情况下，行星齿轮92在轴98上旋转，同时与第二行星架94围绕轴线68绕转。等于输出轴100的转速ωSS的第二行星架94的转速可基于第二太阳齿轮90上的齿数NS2和第二环形齿轮96上的齿数NR2作为主轴66的转速ωMS的函数来计算。所得到的等式是：
(2)ωSS＝ωMS*(NS2/(NS2+NR2))
输出轴速度W相对于转子速度ωR的值可通过将等式(1)的主轴速度ωMS的值代入等式2来确定：
(3)ωSS＝-ωR*(NS1/NR1)*(NS2/(NS2+NR2))
参考图4，等式(1)、(2)和(3)的关系在功率流插图138中进行说明。垂直轴线140用于指示齿轮84、78、90和96上的齿数NS1、NR1、NS2和NR2。水平线用于表示相对转速ωR、ωMS和ωSS。将不旋转的第一行星架82和第二环形齿轮96中的每一者的速度示为零。转速的大小随着箭头尖端距离轴线140的距离而增加。箭头的方向指示相对的旋转方向。图138清楚地说明，速度ωR首先由第一齿轮组40减小至速度ωMS，其由第二齿轮组42进一步减小至速度ωSS。假定齿轮组40、42对转矩的影响是齿轮组40、42对速度的影响的乘法逆元，该图还清楚地说明了相对于转子60处的转矩，齿轮组40、42增加了输出轴100处的转矩。
如本文所使用，副词“基本上”是指形状、结构、测量、数量、时间等可能偏离精确描述的几何形状、距离、测量、数量、时间等，这是因为材料、加工、制造、数据传输、计算速度等方面有缺陷。
已经以说明性方式描述了本公开内容，应该理解的是，已经使用的术语旨在具有描述性文字而不是限制性的的本质。鉴于上述教导，本公开的许多修改和变化是可能的，且本公开可以与具体描述不同的方式来实践。

Claims (15)

1.一种驱动单元，包括：
壳体；
主轴，其能够旋转地设置在所述壳体中并且与所述壳体协作地限定旋转轴线；
输出轴，其至少部分地设置在所述壳体中并且能够围绕所述轴线旋转；
电动机，其设置在所述壳体中并且具有以所述轴线为中心和能够围绕所述轴线旋转的转子；
第一行星齿轮组，其以所述轴线为中心并且在所述转子与第二行星齿轮组之间提供第一减速比；以及
第二行星齿轮组，其在所述第一行星齿轮组与所述输出轴之间提供第二减速比。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其中所述第一行星齿轮组包括固定至所述转子的第一环形齿轮和固定至所述壳体的第一行星架以及固定至所述主轴的第一太阳齿轮。
3.根据权利要求2所述的驱动单元，其中：
所述电动机包括固定至所述壳体并且设置在所述壳体内的定子；
所述转子包括：
环，其径向地设置在所述定子内，
轮毂，其能够旋转地设置在所述主轴上，以及
转子凸缘，其在所述轮毂与所述环之间径向延伸并且固定地连接所述轮毂和所述环；且
所述第一环形齿轮固定至所述第一转子环，且所述第一环形齿轮和所述第一太阳齿轮以及所述第一行星齿轮组的多个第一行星齿轮全部轴向地设置在所述转子凸缘与所述转子环的内侧边缘之间。
4.根据权利要求2所述的驱动单元，其中所述第二行星齿轮组包括固定至所述主轴的第二太阳齿轮和固定至所述壳体的第二环形齿轮以及固定至所述输出轴的第二行星架。
5.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其中所述第二行星齿轮组包括固定至所述主轴的第二太阳齿轮和固定至所述壳体的第二环形齿轮以及固定至所述输出轴的第二行星架。
6.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其中所述壳体部分地由发动机油盘形成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的驱动单元，其中用于所述齿轮组的润滑剂是发动机油。
8.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其中所述电动机的定子是液体冷却型。
9.一种车辆，包括：
内燃机，其具有发动机油盘；
包括第一和第二驱动单元的驱动系统，每个驱动单元与驱动轮连接且每个驱动单元包括：
壳体，其连接至所述发动机油盘；
主轴，其能够旋转地设置在所述壳体中并且与所述壳体协作地限定旋转轴线；
输出轴，其至少部分地设置在所述壳体中并且能够围绕所述轴线旋转；
电动机，其设置在所述壳体中并且具有以所述轴线为中心和能够围绕所述轴线旋转的转子；
第一行星齿轮组，其以所述轴线为中心并且在所述转子与第二行星齿轮组之间提供第一减速比；以及
第二行星齿轮组，其在所述第一行星齿轮组与所述输出轴之间提供第二减速比。
10.根据权利要求9所述的车辆，其中所述第一行星齿轮组包括固定至所述转子的第一环形齿轮和固定至所述壳体的第一行星架以及固定至所述主轴的第一太阳齿轮。
11.根据权利要求10所述的车辆，其中所述第二行星齿轮组包括固定至所述主轴的第二太阳齿轮和固定至所述壳体的第二环形齿轮以及固定至所述输出轴的第二行星架。
12.根据权利要求11所述的车辆，其中：
所述电动机包括固定至所述壳体并且设置在所述壳体内的定子；
所述转子包括：
环，其径向地设置在所述定子内，
轮毂，其能够旋转地设置在所述主轴上，以及
转子凸缘，其在所述轮毂与所述环之间径向延伸并且固定地连接所述轮毂和所述环；且
所述第一环形齿轮固定至所述转子环，且所述第一环形齿轮和所述第一太阳齿轮以及所述第一行星齿轮组的多个第一行星齿轮全部轴向地设置在所述转子凸缘与所述转子环的内侧边缘之间。
13.根据权利要求9所述的车辆，其中所述壳体部分地由所述发动机油盘形成。
14.根据权利要求13所述的车辆，其中用于所述齿轮组的润滑剂是发动机油。
15.根据权利要求9所述的车辆，其中所述电动机的定子是液体冷却型。
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