CN108857070A - The overlap joint laser-arc hybrid welding process of coated steel sheet - Google Patents
The overlap joint laser-arc hybrid welding process of coated steel sheet Download PDFInfo
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- CN108857070A CN108857070A CN201811081572.1A CN201811081572A CN108857070A CN 108857070 A CN108857070 A CN 108857070A CN 201811081572 A CN201811081572 A CN 201811081572A CN 108857070 A CN108857070 A CN 108857070A
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- welding
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- electric arc
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of coated steel sheets to overlap laserHybrid welding, electric arc combined using swing laser and wire feed, laser beam power 0.5-2kW, with 10-20 °, spot diameter 22-28mm of steel plate vertical direction inclination angle, laser beam is swung along welding plate width direction, frequency 150-200HZ, amplitude of oscillation 0.5-1.0mm；20-30 °, arc voltage 25-35V, dry extension of electrode 15-20mm of electric arc wire feeding mechanism and steel plate vertical direction inclination angle；Speed of welding 2.5-3.5m/min, electric arc and laser beam spacing 3-8mm；Overlap steel plate spacing 0.3-0.7mm；Gage of wire≤1.6mm, by weight percentage, S 0.01-0.04% in welding wire, Si 0.65-1.20%；This method is suitable for zinc-plated, aludip overlap welding, high-efficient, joint quality is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the overlap joint laserHybrid weldings of coated steel sheet, belong to welding technology field, more particularly to zinc-plated, plating
High speed, high Forming Quality, flawless high-efficiency welding method can be achieved in the overlap welding of aluminium steel plate.
Background technique
It is related to the use of a large amount of coated steel sheets in vehicle structure, to improve corrosion resistance.Zinc-plated, aludip due to
The presence of low melting point coating metal is easily evaporated in welding pyroprocess, is caused stomata and defect to generate, is influenced welding point matter
Amount.
For galvanized steel plain sheet, zinc fume easily occurs, and not easily passs through protective gas removal, therefore be easy to happen gas
Hole, the defects of being mingled with；For aludip, while aluminum steam occurs, intermetallic easily also is generated on surface
Object, to be rolled into weld seam, to destroy weldquality.In the overlap joint welding of steel plate, since structure and space limit,
Coating metal steam is more not easy to remove, and intermetallic compound is also not easy to be discharged except welding pool.
In the prior art, surface of steel plate is pre-processed before weldering, to eliminate coating metal to the unfavorable of welding process
Influence is a solution, but low efficiency, at high cost.Coated steel sheet biggish for thickness, such as 3mm or more, it adopts
With the big molten bath welding technique of larger heat input, although the unfavorable shadow of coating metal can be reduced by the Macrodilution of base material
It rings, but cannot still eliminate defect generation.
So far, for overlap welding, the prior art, which can't completely eliminate coating metal bring stomata and be mingled with etc., to be lacked
It falls into and generates.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of coated steel sheets to overlap laserHybrid welding, solves and forms matter in the prior art
The problems such as bubble dreg defect caused by amount, welding efficiency, coating metal volatilization；Technology can single pass completion 5mm in the present invention
The welding of following lap joint, Forming Quality is good, high-efficient, zero defect.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
1) using swinging laser and the electric arc combined mode of wire feed, laser beam is preceding, and rear, electric arc and laser beam are welding electric arc
The spacing 3-8mm of plate surface；
2) laser beam power 0.5-2kW, 10-20 ° of the inclination angle with steel plate vertical direction, the spot diameter 22- on welding plate surface
28mm, laser beam are swung while advancing along welding direction along welding plate width direction, hunting frequency 150-200HZ, pendulum
Width 0.5-1.0mm；
3) 20-30 ° of the inclination angle of the electric arc wire feeding mechanism for welding pool rear and steel plate vertical direction, arc voltage
25-35V, dry extension of electrode 15-20mm；
4) composite welding speed 2.5-3.5m/min overlaps the spacing 0.3-0.7mm of steel plate up and down；
5) gage of wire≤1.6mm, by weight percentage, S 0.01-0.04% in welding wire, Si 0.65-1.20%；
Coated steel sheet overlap joint laserHybrid welding, electric arc and laser beam spacing=960 × (welding plate overall thickness × gage of wire)/
(laser beam spot diameter × arc voltage)；；
Coated steel sheet overlaps laserHybrid welding, steel plate gap=(0.08 × welding plate overall thickness)+(10 × coating layer thickness).
Technology is described as follows：
The technology of the present invention thinking is by swinging laser beam, setting overlap joint steel plate spacing, laser beam and arc procedure parameter
Setting, high silicon welding wire of high-sulfur etc. realize coating metal steam, intermetallic compound from effective escape of welding pool, thus real
Now efficient, high quality overlap joint welding connector.
Using swinging laser and the electric arc combined mode of wire feed, laser beam is preceding, and electric arc is rear, and electric arc and laser beam are in welding plate
The spacing 3-8mm on surface；
Laser and electric arc combined welding manner can make full use of the advantage of the two, realize efficient welding.Laser beam is preceding, and one
Aspect can preheat surface of steel plate, and steel plate can be made to have formed coating metal steam before melting, to have
Steam is blown away conducive to using protective gas, to improve weldquality；
For electric arc rear, welding wire is sent into molten bath by wire feeder.Arc center and laser beam center spacing determine that welding is molten
The size and shape in pond, influences welding quality.When between the two away from be lower than 3mm when, spacing is too small, and welding wire melting rate is too fast, no
Conducive to Forming Quality and efficiency；When between the two away from more than 8mm, spacing is excessive, two molten baths easy to form, deteriorates molding matter
Amount；
When between the two away from 4-7mm, effect is more preferable；
When between the two away from 4.5-6.5mm, effect is best；
Electric arc and laser beam spacing=960 × (welding plate overall thickness × gage of wire)/(laser beam spot diameter × electric arc electricity
Pressure).
Laser beam power 0.5-2kW, 10-20 ° of the inclination angle with steel plate vertical direction, the spot diameter 22- on welding plate surface
28mm, laser beam are swung while advancing along welding direction along welding plate width direction, hunting frequency 150-200HZ, pendulum
Width 0.5-1.0mm.
Laser beam power is mainly the single pass through welding demand for meeting different plate thickness.Power 0.5-2kW can meet 5mm specification
With the demand of lower steel plate overlap joint welding.
On the one hand to ensure effective absorption of the effective transmitting and steel plate of laser beam energy with the inclination angle of steel plate vertical direction,
It on the other hand will be in view of being heat-treated with compound and butt welding front spring the pre-add of electric arc.When its inclination angle is lower than 10 °, steel plate table
Strong in face of laser beam reflection, capacity usage ratio is low；When its inclination angle is greater than 20 °, the pre-add heat treatment of butt welding front spring can be weakened
Effect is unfavorable for the elimination of coating metal steam, influences quality.
Laser beam jitter can increase the mixing effect to welding pool, and part can be helped to drop into the coating metal in molten bath
Steam excludes molten bath；Meanwhile the preheating effect of butt welding front spring is also increased, further decrease coating metal steam butt welding
Connect the influence of quality.Hunting frequency and the amplitude of oscillation determine swing effect.
It is unobvious to the mixing effect of welding pool when hunting frequency is lower than 150HZ；When hunting frequency is greater than 200HZ,
While reducing preheating effect, also have an adverse effect to mixing effect.It is therefore preferable that hunting frequency 150-200HZ.
When the amplitude of oscillation is lower than 0.5mm, pre-add heat area is smaller, when for thickness specification 2mm with the welding of upper steel plate, preheating
Effect is undesirable；When the amplitude of oscillation is more than 1.0mm, although increasing pre-add heat area, preheating effect can be reduced, cannot be effective
Coating metal steam is eliminated, to improve weld metal quality.It is therefore preferable that amplitude of oscillation 0.5-1.0mm.
20-30 ° of the inclination angle of electric arc wire feeding mechanism and steel plate vertical direction in welding pool rear, arc voltage 25-
35V, dry extension of electrode 15-20mm.
When inclination angle is lower than 20 °, feeding stability can be reduced, while welding wire is undesirable to the mixing effect of welding pool,
It is unfavorable for eliminating the adverse effect of coating metal steam；When inclination angle is more than 30 °, while influencing wire melting, can also drop
Low appearance of weld quality.It is therefore preferable that inclination angle is 20-30 °.
Arc voltage determines the width in welding wire molten bath, influences the shape and depth of welding pool.When arc voltage is lower than
When 25V, the molten wide in molten bath is smaller, is unfavorable for being sufficiently stirred and flowing for welding pool, is unfavorable for the elimination of coating metal steam；
When arc voltage is more than 35V, fusion penetration can be reduced, to influence the quality of overlap joint welding connector.It is therefore preferable that arc voltage is
25-35V。
The fusing and droplet transfer state of dry extension of electrode influence welding wire.When stem elongation is lower than 15mm, due to fusing speed
Degree is unfavorable for very much stablizing wire feed fastly, reduces welding pool stability, is unfavorable for welding fabrication quality；When stem elongation is more than 20mm
When, the arc column of formation is longer, and energy is not concentrated, and droplet transfer state is in large grained transition, has formed splashing, has influenced to weld
Surface quality.It is therefore preferable that 15-20mm when stem elongation.
Composite welding speed 2.5-3.5m/min overlaps the spacing 0.3-0.7mm of steel plate up and down.
Speed of welding directly affects thermal weld stress amount, welding efficiency, weldering front spring preheating effect and welding fabrication
Performance.Speed of welding is needed with mutual cooperations such as laser power, spot diameter, arc voltages to take into account welding efficiency, be welded into
Type performance.Under the premise of ensuring welding quality, improving speed of welding can be improved welding efficiency.
When speed of welding is lower than 2.5m/min, welding efficiency is lower；When speed of welding is more than 3.5m/min, can reduce
The preheating effect of butt welding front spring, coating metal steam are eliminated not exclusively, and weld metal quality is influenced；Meanwhile weldering can be reduced
Fusion penetration is connect, reduces welding pool size, for being also easy to produce incomplete fusion, coating in the steel plate overlap joint welding of thickness specification 3mm or more
The defects of metallic vapour escape is incomplete, influences welding quality.It is therefore preferable that speed of welding is 2.5-3.5m/min.
Overlap joint steel plate spacing is the escape route for the metallic vapour that coating metal generates in welding pyroprocess up and down, when
When spacing is lower than 0.3mm, it is unobvious to reduce coating metal steaming effect；When spacing is greater than 0.7mm, welding pool shape will increase
It crossed at difficulty, reduce welding fabrication quality.It is therefore preferable that spacing is 0.3-0.7mm.
When steel plate gap=(0.08 × welding plate overall thickness)+(10 × coating layer thickness), effect is best.
Gage of wire≤1.6mm, by weight percentage, S 0.01-0.04% in welding wire, Si 0.65-1.20%.
Gage of wire directly affects burn-off rate and droplet transfer state, when its size is greater than 1.6mm, easy to form
The molten drop of olobby transfer increases spatter, reduces welding plate surface quality, while diameter increase can reduce burn-off rate, reduces
Welding efficiency.
S and Si in welding wire can effectively reduce the surface tension of welding pool, and increase welding pool internal flow, a side
Face can help the coating metal steam remained in welding pool to exclude, and on the other hand improve the mouldability of weld metal
Energy.Processability specifically includes, first is that improving face of weld quality, refines scalelike mark, is on the other hand to improve lap joint back
Portion it is excessive, avoid being mingled with, residual oxide or crackle generate.
When S content is lower than 0.01%, it is unobvious to improve processability effect；When its content is greater than 0.04%, it is easy
Cause the intercrystalline segregation of weld metal, cause fire check；It is therefore preferable that content is 0.01-0.04%.
When Si content is lower than 0.65%, it is unobvious to improve processability effect；When its content is greater than 1.2%, can increase
It is increased in size spinels field trash to be formed, the type impurity is in irregular shape, and size is big, is not easy to float, and be easy to assemble, make
It is reduced at weld metal internal soundness.It is therefore preferable that content is 0.65-1.20%.
Advantages of the present invention and beneficial effect：
Using the method for the present invention solve the stomata caused during coated steel sheet overlap joint welding due to coating metal steam,
It the defects of being mingled with realizes efficient and stablizes welding, and inside and outside Forming Quality is excellent；
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing 1：Assemble welding schematic diagram
Attached drawing 2：Assemble welding schematic diagram left view
Attached drawing 3：Assemble welding schematic diagram front view
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, further description of the technical solution of the present invention.
The zinc-plated and aludip for selecting 1.5,2.5 and 4.0mm thick respectively carries out overlap joint welding, assembling form see attached drawing 1,
2 and 3.
The optical fiber laser of rated power 3kW is selected, the source of welding current is 500 watts of inverters.Select diameter 0.8-1.2mm
Solid core welding wire, by weight percentage, S content 0.018% in welding wire, Si content 0.95%.
Welding parameter is shown in Table 1.Postwelding carries out quality inspection to overlap joint welding connector, the results are shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 1-2：
Overlap joint welding up and down is carried out using the galvanized steel plain sheet of 1.5mm thickness.
Laser beam spot diameter 23mm, gage of wire 0.8mm, stem elongation 16mm, speed of welding 3.2m/min, protective gas
For Ar+5-20%CO2, flow 35L/min, other parameters are shown in Table 1.
Quality of weld joint inspection result is shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 3-4：
Overlap joint welding up and down is carried out using the galvanized steel plain sheet of 2.5mm thickness.
Laser beam spot diameter 25mm, gage of wire 1.0mm, stem elongation 18mm, speed of welding 3.0m/min, protective gas
For Ar+5-20%CO2, flow 35L/min, other parameters are shown in Table 1.
Quality of weld joint inspection result is shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 5-6：
Overlap joint welding up and down is carried out using the aludip of 4.0mm thickness.
Laser beam spot diameter 27mm, gage of wire 1.2mm, stem elongation 20mm, speed of welding 2.8m/min, protective gas
For Ar+5-20%CO2, flow 35L/min, other parameters are shown in Table 1.
Quality of weld joint inspection result is shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 1-2：
Overlap joint welding up and down is carried out using the galvanized steel plain sheet of 1.5mm thickness.
Laser beam spot diameter 23mm, gage of wire 0.8mm, stem elongation 16mm, speed of welding 3.2m/min, protective gas
For Ar+5-20%CO2, flow 35L/min, other parameters are shown in Table 1.
Quality of weld joint inspection result is shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 3-4：
Overlap joint welding up and down is carried out using the galvanized steel plain sheet of 2.5mm thickness.
Laser beam spot diameter 25mm, gage of wire 1.0mm, stem elongation 18mm, speed of welding 3.0m/min, protective gas
For Ar+5-20%CO2, flow 35L/min, other parameters are shown in Table 1.
Quality of weld joint inspection result is shown in Table 2.
Through the foregoing embodiment it is found that the laser-arc hybrid welding process of coating steel plate of the present invention can realize high speed, high-mouldability,
Flawless overlap joint welding connector can be widely applied to the coating steel plate welding processing of automotive field.
A specific embodiment of the invention above described embodiment only expresses, but can not be therefore understands that for the present invention
The limitation of the scope of the patents.Any variation that those skilled in the art is the present invention under the enlightenment of present inventive concept is fallen
Within the scope of the present invention.
1 embodiment welding parameter of table
2 embodiment welding quality of table
Claims (3)
1. the overlap joint laser-arc hybrid welding process of coated steel sheet, it is characterised in that：1）Using swing laser and the electric arc combined side of wire feed
Formula, laser beam is preceding, and electric arc is rear, the spacing 3-8mm of electric arc and laser beam on welding plate surface；2）Laser beam power 0.5-2kW,
With 10-20 ° of the inclination angle of steel plate vertical direction, the spot diameter 22-28mm on welding plate surface, laser beam is advancing along welding direction
Meanwhile it being swung along welding plate width direction, hunting frequency 150-200HZ, amplitude of oscillation 0.5-1.0mm；3）After welding pool
The electric arc wire feeding mechanism of side and 20-30 ° of the inclination angle of steel plate vertical direction, arc voltage 25-35V, dry extension of electrode 15-20mm；
4）Composite welding speed 2.5-3.5m/min overlaps the spacing 0.3-0.7mm of steel plate up and down；5）Gage of wire≤1.6mm, with weight
Measure percentages, S 0.01-0.04%, Si 0.65-1.20% in welding wire.
2. the overlap joint laser-arc hybrid welding process of coated steel sheet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Electric arc and laser beam
Spacing=960 ×（Welding plate overall thickness × gage of wire）/（Laser beam spot diameter × arc voltage）.
3. the overlap joint laser-arc hybrid welding process of coated steel sheet according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Steel plate gap=
（0.08 × welding plate overall thickness）+（10 × coating layer thickness）.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811081572.1A CN108857070A (en) | 2018-09-17 | 2018-09-17 | The overlap joint laser-arc hybrid welding process of coated steel sheet |
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| CN201811081572.1A CN108857070A (en) | 2018-09-17 | 2018-09-17 | The overlap joint laser-arc hybrid welding process of coated steel sheet |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110560902A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-13 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Swinging laser wire-filling welding method for fillet weld of T-shaped joint of medium plate |
| CN111085779A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-01 | 西安交通大学 | Laser modulation welding method for outer part containing process step and thin plate substrate |
| CN111515530A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-11 | 上海工程技术大学 | Laser wire feeding welding method for aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel |
| CN112453702A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-09 | 武汉力神动力电池系统科技有限公司 | Penetrating laser welding process method |
| CN112756780A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-07 | 宁波旭升汽车技术股份有限公司 | Non-wire-filling S-shaped swinging laser welding process suitable for thin-wall aluminum alloy |
| CN113199104A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-03 | 西南交通大学 | Rotary laser self-fluxing brazing method for improving strength of aluminum/steel lap joint |
| CN114192983A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-03-18 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | Laser self-fluxing welding method |
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2018
- 2018-09-17 CN CN201811081572.1A patent/CN108857070A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110560902A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-13 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Swinging laser wire-filling welding method for fillet weld of T-shaped joint of medium plate |
| CN110560902B (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2021-02-12 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Swinging laser wire-filling welding method for fillet weld of T-shaped joint of medium plate |
| CN111085779A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-01 | 西安交通大学 | Laser modulation welding method for outer part containing process step and thin plate substrate |
| CN111515530A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-11 | 上海工程技术大学 | Laser wire feeding welding method for aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel |
| CN111515530B (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2022-05-10 | 上海工程技术大学 | Laser wire feeding welding method for aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel |
| CN112453702A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-09 | 武汉力神动力电池系统科技有限公司 | Penetrating laser welding process method |
| CN112756780A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-07 | 宁波旭升汽车技术股份有限公司 | Non-wire-filling S-shaped swinging laser welding process suitable for thin-wall aluminum alloy |
| CN113199104A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-03 | 西南交通大学 | Rotary laser self-fluxing brazing method for improving strength of aluminum/steel lap joint |
| CN114192983A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-03-18 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | Laser self-fluxing welding method |
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