CN108856240B - Method and device for removing heavy metals and POPs (persistent organic pollutants) in organic waste through electromagnetic enhancement - Google Patents
Method and device for removing heavy metals and POPs (persistent organic pollutants) in organic waste through electromagnetic enhancement Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for removing heavy metals and POPs in organic waste by electromagnetic reinforcement, wherein the method comprises the steps of preparing organic waste into slurry, applying a magnetic field to the slurry to promote the heavy metals and POPs in the slurry to be converted into a water-soluble state, and separating the organic waste slurry into two components; applying an electric field to the slurry, and under the action of electromigration, allowing water molecules, heavy metals and POPs which are continuously converted into water-soluble state to migrate to the cathode region of the electric field, and simultaneously, allowing organic waste components to migrate to the anode region of the electric field, so as to realize separation of the two components; filtering and dehydrating the organic waste slurry to finally obtain harmless organic waste with low water content; the method and the device provided by the invention can efficiently remove large-particle impurities, partial heavy metals and POPs in the organic waste, and can reduce the water content of the organic waste to 30-50%, so that the defects of low efficiency, slow effect and no integrity in the traditional organic waste treatment mode are overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for electromagnetically and intensively removing heavy metals and POPs (persistent organic pollutants) in organic waste, belonging to the field of resource utilization of the organic waste.
Background
Organic waste contains a large amount of harmful substances such as heavy metals, and if the organic waste cannot be reasonably and safely treated and disposed, serious pollution is caused to the living environment of people. Heavy metal type persistent toxicants widely exist in various types of organic wastes, and in a traditional organic waste treatment mode, heavy metal elements are fixed through absorption of bacteria, adsorption on the surfaces of mineral particles, coprecipitation of inorganic salts and the like, and enter produced organic wastes. Among them, Hg, Pb and As are contained in a relatively high stable form, and almost exist in a residue form, while Ni, Cd, Zn and Cr are contained in a relatively high unstable form. These heavy metals present in organic waste are highly toxic, environmentally persistent, widely mobile, partly with endocrine disturbing properties, and difficult to degrade, can produce biological accumulation and cross-border migration through atmospheric, water and migratory species and deposit in areas far from their discharge site, and then accumulate and pose a hazard in the land and water ecosystems at the point of migration.
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have high toxicity and biological accumulation, exist in the environment persistently, can be diffused and transferred remotely, and generate large-range and long-time harm to human and ecological environments, are difficult to remove in the subsequent fermentation process if not effectively treated, and finally easily cause secondary pollution to agricultural soil, underground water and the like, so that the effective harmless pretreatment of organic wastes is of great importance.
In the dehydration method of the organic waste, the mechanical dehydration mode is convenient to use, low in energy consumption and capable of continuous operation, so that the dehydration method is widely used. The mechanical dehydration mode is divided into a centrifugal dehydration mode, a spiral extrusion mode, an inclined plate sieve, a rotary sieve and the like. The inclined plate sieve and the rotary sieve both belong to solid-liquid separation modes of sieving, the removal rate depends on the size of the sieve pores, and the defects are that the removal rate is low, the sieve pores are easy to block, and the requirement of high-efficiency dehydration cannot be met.
Therefore, a method for effectively removing heavy metals and POPs from organic waste and reducing the water content is needed, so as to realize efficient harmless treatment of the organic waste.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitations of the prior art for treating heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in organic wastes, namely the problems of low efficiency and slow effect in the prior art for removing the heavy metals and the persistent organic pollutants, the invention provides a high-efficiency removal method for heavy metals and POPs in electromagnetic enhanced organic wastes, which comprises the steps of preparing organic wastes into slurry with high water content, acting on hydrone hydrogen bonds, transition metal atomic enzymes and microorganisms in the organic wastes through a magnetic field, changing the double-electric-layer structure on the surface of the organic wastes, promoting the heavy metals and POPs in the organic waste slurry to be converted into a water-soluble state, preliminarily separating the organic waste slurry into two components, applying electromigration on the removed components through an electric field, enabling the heavy metals and the POPs combined with the hydrones to migrate to a cathode region of the electric field, and the components of the organic wastes to migrate to an anode region of the electric field, so as to realize the separation of the heavy metals, then filtering and dehydrating the organic waste to finally obtain harmless organic waste with low water content, thereby optimizing the whole organic waste treatment process and efficiently realizing resource utilization of the organic waste; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the electromagnetic reaction process comprises the following steps: preparing organic waste into slurry with the water content of 85-90%, and applying external force to uniformly stir the slurry; applying a magnetic field to the uniformly mixed slurry to capture and adsorb heavy metal ions in the components of the organic waste, acting on hydrogen bonds of water molecules, transition metal atomic enzyme and microorganisms, changing a double electric layer structure on the surface of the organic waste, promoting the heavy metal and POPs in the slurry to be converted to a water-soluble state, and realizing the separation of the heavy metal and POPs from the organic waste; after separation is finished, an electric field is applied to the slurry, water molecules and heavy metals and POPs which are continuously converted into water-soluble state migrate to the cathode area of the electric field under the action of electromigration, organic wastes migrate to the anode area of the electric field, and the heavy metals and the POPs are removed; during the electromagnetic treatment, continuously aerating the slurry, driving the slurry to circulate, keeping organic waste particles in a uniformly suspended state in the slurry, enhancing the transmission of metal ions, assisting the desorption and dissolution of heavy metals, avoiding the polarization phenomenon of electrodes, and maintaining the temperature of the whole electromagnetic reaction environment at 4-60 ℃;
(2) and (3) filtering and dehydrating treatment: after the electromagnetic treatment is finished, filtering the slurry to remove large-particle impurities and dewatering, wherein the filtering and dewatering are continuously carried out, the water content of the treated organic solid waste is 30% -50%, and the removed water flows back to be used for preparing the organic waste slurry.
The magnetic field is generated by the magnetic induction coil, the voltage applied to the magnetic induction coil is 1-50V, the coil is made of copper wires, the number of turns of the magnetic induction coil is 5-30, the inductance is 1-10 mu H, the application time of the magnetic field is 40-120 min, and the radius of a single turn when the coil is wound can be determined according to the inductance and the number of turns.
The invention adopts the magnetic action to realize the removal of heavy metals and POPs; after the spiral coil is electrified, a magnetic field is generated in the space around the lead, water molecules with polarity are polarized in the magnetic field, in the structure of the water molecules, two hydrogen-oxygen bonds form an included angle, and the polarities of the bonds cannot be counteracted with each other, so that the water molecules show the polarity. Under the excitation of magnetic field, the common electrons of water molecules are deflected to oxygen nucleus to great extent, so that the hydrogen nucleus becomes a positively charged nucleus which can be linked with another atomThe oxygen atoms with negative charges in the water molecules generate electrostatic attraction to cause the mutual combination of the water molecules to form strong hydrogen bonds, the water molecules mixed with the organic waste colloid particles generate vibration, and the mutual movement, separation and combination of the water molecules separate out from the organic waste particles; meanwhile, the electromagnetic force of the coil captures and adsorbs heavy metal ions in biological flocculation state and particle state components in the organic waste, so that the precipitation and solidification rate of the heavy metal ions is remarkably improved, the heavy metal ions are separated from colloid state organic waste components, especially heavy metals with large solubility product constant, such as Ni, Zn, Cu and the like, and the metal ions are difficult to be mixed with OH due to large solubility product-Insoluble compounds are formed, and precipitation is not easy to occur, so that the insoluble compounds are easier to migrate into filtrate under the action of electromagnetic force and become water-soluble; under the comprehensive action of strong oscillation radiation of electromagnetic energy and the like, part of heavy metals with strong biological effectiveness and poor stability are changed into a soluble, nontoxic and stable state from a toxic and unstable state, and part of soluble heavy metals are separated out along with liquid; namely, by reducing the content of unstable states of heavy metals, the activity and bioavailability of heavy metals are reduced.
In the metabolism of microorganisms in organic waste, the enzyme containing transition metal atoms plays a key role, and the transition metal atoms with paramagnetism, such as Fe, Mn, Co and other metal atoms, are acted by a magnetic field to influence the activity of the enzyme, so that the metabolic activity of the microorganisms is stimulated, and the persistent decomposition of microorganism fragments is promoted. Meanwhile, the electromagnetic energy can maintain the lower Zeta potential of the organic waste, and the surface double electric layer structure of the organic waste is damaged, so that the organic waste particles in a colloid state are mutually accumulated and flocculated. Finally, under the action of the applied magnetic field, the organic waste slurry is initially divided into two components: one part is organic waste flocculating constituent, and the other part is water and water-soluble heavy metal ions and POPs dissolved in the water.
The water content of the organic waste slurry prepared before the electromagnetic reaction is 85-90%, and the prepared water is removed by adopting the screw-stacking dehydration device in the method and is used in a backflow mode.
The electric field is generated by an electrode, the current is introduced in an alternating current mode, the frequency of the alternating current is 50Hz, the voltage is 0.1-5V, and the electrode material is carbon or graphite; the electric field application time is 10-30 min.
The invention adopts the electric field action to treat the organic waste slurry after magnetic removal, and the specific action is divided into two parts: firstly, applying electromigration effect on organic waste, transferring heavy metals and POPs in a water-soluble state to a cathode region together with water molecules under the effect of an electric field, transferring sludge flocculating constituents with negative charges to an anode region, and transferring two serous fluid components mixed together to opposite regions to realize separation; the other part is used for strengthening the removal of heavy metals, POPs and organic waste floccules.
The electric field is applied in an electrode mode, active free radicals are generated under the action of micro-voltage of the electrodes, a series of electrochemical reactions take place by taking the slurry as a medium, so that heavy metals and POPs are gathered around a cathode through electromigration, the heavy metals are effectively kept in a soluble state, meanwhile, the activity of biological enzyme is improved, a suitable living environment is provided for microorganisms, the microorganisms are enabled to be more fully metabolized, and the removal of the heavy metals, the POPs and organic waste flocculating constituents is promoted.
And continuously pressurizing and aerating the slurry at the aeration speed of 1-30 m/s while performing electromagnetic treatment. The slurry is driven to keep organic waste particles in the slurry in a fully suspended and uniform state, the slurry circulation near the electrode area is driven through air flow, the main purpose is to strengthen the transmission of metal ions, assist the desorption and dissolution of heavy metals, control the reaction on electrodes, avoid polarization phenomena, and maintain the temperature of the whole electromagnetic reaction environment within the range of 4-60 ℃.
Finally, under the successive action of the magnetic field and the electric field, the proportion of the heavy metals and the POPs in which the physical existing forms are a water soluble state and a colloidal state is greatly increased, the heavy metals and the POPs migrate to a cathode region together with water molecules, and organic waste flocs are gathered near an anode region, so that the separation and removal of the heavy metals and the POPs and the preliminary reduction of the water content of the organic waste are realized.
According to the invention, after the electromagnetic reaction, the slurry is filtered, large particle impurities mixed in the slurry are intercepted when passing through the filter screen, microorganisms in the removed slurry are reactivated, fragments which are difficult to degrade and dead microbial cells are eliminated, and the content of heavy metals and POPs in the organic waste is further reduced by the active metabolic activity of the microorganisms. Adopt to fold spiral shell dehydration mode to dewater organic waste slurry after filtering the completion, the spiral shell piece is folded in turn by multiple solid fixed ring and activity ring to the design and constitutes jointly to fold the spiral shell, is folding the interior radial circular motion of doing of spiral shell chamber by the pivot promotion organic waste, and constantly increase dehydration pressure, and then makes the liquid in the organic waste extrude from the dehydration hole. The screw pitch is gradually reduced in the process of rotating around the rotating shaft, and under the blocking action of the back pressure plate, the screw pitch is close to the end part, so that great pressure is generated to extrude the material, further extrude moisture and discharge the material.
The aperture of the filter screen used for filtering is 1-5 meshes, the diameter of the filter screen is 1.5-3 mm, and a stacked screw type dehydrator is adopted for dehydration.
The invention also aims to provide a device for electromagnetically and intensively removing heavy metals and POPs (persistent organic pollutants) in organic waste, which comprises an electromagnetic reaction device and a stacked screw dehydrator, wherein the electromagnetic reaction device comprises a feed inlet I, a blower, a reactor, a magnetic induction coil, a screw, a cathode electrode, an anode electrode, an aeration pipe, a filter screen, a partition plate and a liquid pumping pipe; the interior of the reactor is divided into a reaction tank and a filtering tank by a filter screen and a partition plate, a feed inlet II at one end of the liquid pumping pipe is arranged above the bottom of the filtering tank, and the partition plate is arranged at one side of the filter screen close to the filtering tank; the reaction tank is provided with a feed inlet I, the cathode and the anode are uniformly arranged in the reaction tank, the magnetic induction coil is wound on the cathode and the anode, the bottom ends of the cathode and the anode are provided with propellers, the aeration pipe is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank and is connected with the blower, and the cathode, the anode and the magnetic induction coil are respectively connected with the power supply;
the stacked screw type dehydrator comprises a feed inlet III, a stacked screw cavity, a speed reducing motor, a drainage groove, a discharge groove, a bracket, a stacked screw sheet, a rotating shaft and a back pressing plate; the screw-stacking type dehydrator is obliquely arranged on the bracket, the feed port III is arranged on the screw-stacking cavity, and the other end of the liquid pumping pipe is communicated with the feed port III through a pump; the bottom of the screw stacking cavity is provided with a dewatering hole, a drainage channel is arranged at the bottom of the screw stacking cavity and is positioned below the dewatering hole, the drainage channel is communicated with the reaction tank through a backflow water valve, the bottom of the right end of the screw stacking cavity is provided with a discharge port, the discharge port is communicated with one end of a discharge groove, the other end of the discharge groove is a discharge port, and the discharge groove is fixed below the drainage channel; the back pressure plate is fixed at the right end in the screw stacking cavity, two ends of the rotating shaft are movably arranged on the screw stacking cavity, the right end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the back pressure plate to be connected with a transmission shaft of the speed reducing motor and driven to rotate by the transmission shaft, and the screw stacking piece is sleeved on the rotating shaft.
The stacked spiral piece comprises more than one fixing ring and more than one movable ring, the fixing rings are fixed on the rotating shaft, the movable rings are sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the fixing rings and the movable rings are alternately arranged.
Fold the spiral shell chamber and be hollow cylindrical cavity, its top is provided with the apron, and the apron inboard is equipped with the recess, and solid fixed ring and activity ring upper end set up in the recess, and the recess is used for the position of solid fixed ring of restriction and activity ring.
The right end of the discharge groove is provided with a port with a baffle, so that the discharge port is convenient to clean.
A transmission shaft sleeve shell is arranged outside the transmission shaft, and a sleeve is arranged outside the left end of the rotating shaft.
Based on the design structure of the device, the method for efficiently removing heavy metals and POPs from the electromagnetic enhanced organic waste and the treatment operation process of the device are divided into the following four steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, estimating the moisture content to be added according to the type, initial state and moisture content of organic waste to be treated, adding reflux moisture with corresponding content into a reaction tank, putting untreated organic waste into a reactor from a feed inlet I, opening an air blower to introduce air into an aeration pipe at the bottom of the tank after feeding is finished, starting stirring slurry by a propeller in the tank, enhancing the transmission of metal ions, assisting in heavy metal desorption and dissolution, and avoiding polarization. Then the magnetic induction coil is electrified to generate a magnetic field in the space around the lead, under the excitation action of the magnetic field, the water molecules mixed with the organic waste colloid particles vibrate, the water molecules and the organic waste particles are separated and separated out by the mutual movement, separation and combination of the water molecules and the organic waste particles, the magnetic induction coil generates electromagnetic force to capture and adsorb heavy metal ions in the biological flocculation state and the particle state components of the organic waste, the separation and solidification rate of the heavy metal ions is obviously improved, and the heavy metal ions are separated from the colloid state organic waste components and combined with the water molecules to form a water soluble state. Under the comprehensive action of strong oscillation radiation of electromagnetic energy and the like, part of heavy metals with strong biological effectiveness and poor stability are changed into a soluble, nontoxic and stable state from a toxic and unstable state, part of soluble heavy metals are separated out along with liquid, and the activity and biological effectiveness of the heavy metals are reduced by reducing the content of the unstable state of the heavy metals. The magnetic field acts on transition metal atoms with paramagnetism to influence the activity of enzyme, so as to stimulate the metabolism activity of microbes and promote the degradation of microbe fragments. The electromagnetic energy can maintain the organic waste at a lower Zeta potential, and the electric double layer structure on the surface of the organic waste is destroyed, so that the organic waste particles in a colloid state are mutually accumulated and flocculated. Under the action of an applied magnetic field, the organic waste slurry is initially divided into two components: one part is organic waste flocculating constituent, and the other part is water and water-soluble heavy metal ions and POPs dissolved in the water. And after the magnetic treatment is finished, electrifying the cathode and the anode, treating the organic waste slurry subjected to magnetic removal, applying an electromigration effect on the organic waste, transferring the heavy metals and the POPs which are in a water-soluble state to the cathode region at the left side of the reactor together with water molecules under the effect of an electric field, adsorbing the heavy metals and the POPs on the cathode, transferring the sludge flocculating constituents with negative charges to the anode region at the right side of the reactor, and transferring the two slurry components mixed together to opposite regions to realize separation. Active free radicals can be generated in the cell under the action of the micro-voltage of the electrode, a series of electrochemical reactions occur by taking the slurry as a medium, so that heavy metals and POPs are gathered around the cathode through the electro-migration effect and are attached to the cathode electrode, and the existence form of the heavy metals is effectively kept to be a soluble state. Meanwhile, the activity of the biological enzyme is improved, a proper living environment is provided for the microorganism, the microorganism can carry out metabolism more fully, and the removal of heavy metals, POPs and organic waste flocculating constituents is further promoted. Finally, under the successive action of the magnetic field and the electric field, the proportion of the heavy metals and POPs in a water-soluble state and a colloidal state is greatly increased, the heavy metals and POPs migrate to the cathode region of the reactor together with water molecules, the heavy metals and POPs are attached to the cathode electrode, and organic waste flocs are gathered in the anode electrode region of the reactor, so that the separation and removal of the heavy metals and POPs and the preliminary reduction of the water content of the organic waste are realized.
And step two, after the electromagnetic reaction is finished, the power supply is turned off, the partition plate in the reaction tank is drawn out, the slurry is filtered into the right filter tank through the filter screen, and large-particle impurities are intercepted in the reaction tank.
The third step, the spiral shell formula hydroextractor is folded in the effect input of organic waste thick liquid through the pump, carries out the efficient dehydration to organic waste, and the design is folded the spiral shell by multiple solid fixed ring and activity ring in turn and is constituteed and fold the spiral shell piece jointly, and it is epaxial in the pivot to fold spiral shell piece suit, promotes organic waste by the pivot and is doing radial circular motion in folding the spiral shell intracavity, constantly increases dehydration pressure, and then makes the liquid in the organic waste extrude from the dehydration hole. The distance between the fixed ring and the movable ring on the rotating shaft is gradually reduced (from sparse to dense in arrangement from the left end to the right end), the end part is close to, under the blocking effect of the back pressing plate, great pressure is generated to extrude the material, the moisture is further extruded, and the material is extruded from the discharge hole under the action of gravity.
And fourthly, discharging the organic waste material after the stacked screw dehydrator is removed from the discharge port through the discharge groove to the discharge port, and recycling the separated water in the reaction tank through the discharge groove and the backflow water valve, so that the water content of the organic waste slurry is easily controlled and maintained, and meanwhile, the microorganisms in the organic waste are returned, and the degradation effect of the microorganisms on pollutants in the organic waste is fully utilized.
The method and the device have the following advantages and effects:
(1) the mode of applying the magnetic field is a coil instead of the traditional two-pole magnet, and the magnetic field is easy to control and adjust and has a simple and flexible structure. In specific implementation, the removal efficiency of pollutants is high, the treatment time is short, the secondary pollution risk is small, the structure of organic waste is not damaged, any harmful factor is not generated, the pollution limit value of the treated organic waste meets the agricultural standard, and the organic waste can be used as fertilizer after subsequent fermentation composting treatment;
(2) the reaction environment of the invention is that the organic waste with high water content is kept to remove heavy metals and POPs through the electromagnetic action, the reaction condition is stable, easy to control and determine, the operation is convenient, and simultaneously, the microorganism, the electrode voltage and the existence form of the heavy metals in the tank body are all in the most appropriate state through the adjustment of the water content;
(3) according to the invention, the aeration pipe at the bottom is continuously introduced with air, and the spiral rotating wheel at the bottom of the electrode is combined, so that the organic waste is uniformly dispersed in the tank body, meanwhile, microorganisms are in a sufficient aerobic environment, and meanwhile, the electrode has a certain heat preservation effect, and a suitable living environment for the microorganisms can be maintained;
(4) the reactors have clear effects, the reaction conditions are controllable, the proper reaction conditions are manufactured, the dehydration step in the traditional organic waste treatment mode is placed at the rear end of the process flow, the reaction controllability is obviously improved, and the resource utilization of the treated high-quality organic fertilizer can be realized;
(5) the electrode spacing is set to be smaller, so that the electrolysis time in the prior art can be obviously reduced, and the electrolysis efficiency is improved;
(6) the heavy metal and POPs are enriched on the cathode electrode, and the electrode can be directly cleaned during treatment, so that secondary pollution is not easy to generate;
(7) the method has the advantages of low power consumption, short electrolysis time and time saving, the removal rate of dissolved heavy metals in the organic waste is about 60 percent, and the treated heavy metals are less than the limit value and accord with the agricultural standard of the organic waste;
(8) the implementation method of the invention combines the functions of removing harmful substances, sterilizing, dehydrating and drying into a whole, comprehensively improves the treatment effect on the organic waste, does not bring secondary pollution, effectively treats bioactive cells in the organic waste, is beneficial to the regeneration and use of the organic waste, has higher safety and has wide market application prospect;
(9) the invention has clear principle, simple structure and low investment cost, and is in line with industrial use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a stacked screw dehydrator;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a laminated spiral sheet structure;
in the figure: 1-a feed inlet I; 2-a reaction tank; 3-a blower; 4-a magnetic induction coil; 5-propeller; 6-a cathode electrode; 7-an anode electrode; 8-an aerator pipe; 9-filtering the screen; 10-a separator; 11-a filtering tank; 12-feed inlet II; 13-a liquid extraction pipe; 14-feed port III; 15-stacking a spiral cavity; 16-a reduction motor; 17-a drainage channel; 18-a return water valve; 19-a discharge chute; 20-a discharge port; 21-a scaffold; 22-a sleeve; 23-a cover plate; 24-stacking of snails; 25-a rotating shaft; 26-a transmission shaft; 27-a driveshaft casing; 28-a baffle; 29-discharge port; 30-dewatering holes; 31-a groove; 32-a back press plate; 33-a fixed ring; 34-moving ring.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples, without limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1: the method for removing heavy metals and POPs from organic waste of the urban sewage plant by electromagnetic reinforcement comprises the following specific operations:
1. the method treats 800kg of municipal organic waste
The electromagnetic reactor is a cuboid with the height of 1m, the length of 1.5m and the width of 0.8 m; the length of the electrode is 80cm, and the interval between the cathode and anode pairs is 30 cm; the cathode electrode and the anode electrode are fixed at the top in the reaction tank, the magnetic induction coil is externally connected with a power supply voltage of 30V, the number of turns of the magnetic induction coil is 10, and the inductance is 2 mu H; the external power supply voltage of the cathode electrode and the anode electrode is 2V, the frequency is 50Hz, and the cathode electrode and the anode electrode are graphite electrodes; the length of the aeration pipe is 1.2m, the density of micropores on the aeration pipe is 20/cm, a continuous air blowing mode is adopted, and the aeration speed is 5 m/s.
2. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing organic waste into slurry with the water content of 85%, and applying external force to stir the slurry uniformly; applying a magnetic field to the uniformly mixed slurry for 60min, capturing and adsorbing heavy metal ions in the components of the organic waste, acting on hydrogen bonds of water molecules, transition metal atomic enzymes and microorganisms, changing a double electric layer structure on the surface of the organic waste, promoting the heavy metal and POPs in the slurry to be converted to a water-soluble state, and realizing the separation of the heavy metal and POPs from the organic waste; after separation is finished, an electric field is applied to the slurry for 30min, water molecules and heavy metals and POPs which are continuously converted into water-soluble state migrate to the cathode area of the electric field under the action of electromigration, organic wastes migrate to the anode area of the electric field, and the heavy metals and the POPs are removed; while the electromagnetic treatment is carried out, continuous aeration is carried out on the slurry, the slurry circulation is driven, so that organic waste particles are kept in a uniformly suspended state in the slurry, the transmission of metal ions is enhanced, the desorption and dissolution of heavy metals are assisted, the polarization phenomenon of electrodes is avoided, and the temperature of the whole electromagnetic reaction environment is maintained at 20 ℃;
and (3) filtering and dehydrating treatment: after the electromagnetic treatment is finished, filtering the slurry to remove large-particle impurities (the aperture of a filter screen used for filtering is 2 meshes) and dehydrating, wherein the filtering and dehydrating treatment are continuously carried out, the water content of the treated organic solid waste is 30%, and the removed water flows back to prepare the organic waste slurry.
3. As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the device for implementing the method comprises an electromagnetic reaction device and a stacked screw dehydrator, wherein the electromagnetic reaction device comprises a feed inlet I1, a blower 3, a reactor, a magnetic induction coil 4, a screw 5, a cathode electrode 6, an anode electrode 7, an aeration pipe 8, a filter screen 9, a partition plate 10 and a liquid pumping pipe 13; the interior of the reactor is divided into a reaction tank 2 and a filtering tank 11 by a filter screen 9 and a partition plate 10, a feed inlet II 12 at one end of a liquid pumping pipe 13 is arranged above the bottom of the filtering tank, and the partition plate 10 is arranged at one side of the filter screen close to the filtering tank; a feeding hole I1 is formed in the reaction tank 2, a cathode electrode 6 and an anode electrode 7 are uniformly arranged in the reaction tank, a magnetic induction coil 4 is wound on the cathode electrode 6 and the anode electrode 7, propellers 5 are arranged at the bottom ends of the cathode electrode 6 and the anode electrode 7, an aeration pipe 8 is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank and is connected with an air blower 3, and the cathode electrode 6, the anode electrode 7 and the magnetic induction coil 4 are respectively connected with a power supply; the stacked screw type dehydrator comprises a feed inlet III 14, a stacked screw cavity 15, a speed reducing motor 16, a drainage groove 17, a discharge groove 19, a support 21, a stacked screw piece 24, a rotating shaft 25 and a back pressure plate 32; the screw-stacking type dehydrator is obliquely arranged on the bracket 21, the feed port III 14 is arranged on the screw-stacking cavity 15, and the other end of the liquid pumping pipe 13 is communicated with the feed port III 14 through a pump; the bottom of the screw stacking cavity 15 is provided with a dewatering hole 30, a drainage channel 17 is arranged at the bottom of the screw stacking cavity 15 and is positioned below the dewatering hole, the drainage channel 17 is communicated with the reaction tank 2 through a backflow water valve 18, the bottom of the right end of the screw stacking cavity 15 is provided with a discharge hole 29, the discharge hole 29 is communicated with one end of a discharge groove 19, the other end of the discharge groove 19 is provided with a discharge hole 20, and the discharge groove is fixed below the drainage channel 17; the right-hand member is fixed with back pressure plate 32 in the spiral shell chamber 15 of folding, the activity of 25 both ends of pivot sets up on folding spiral shell chamber 15, 25 right-hand members of pivot pass back pressure plate 32 and link to each other and rotate by its drive with gear motor 16's transmission shaft 26, it is on pivot 25 to fold spiral shell piece 24 suit, it includes 25 solid fixed ring 33 and 25 movable ring 34 to fold spiral shell piece 24, gu fixed ring 33 fixes on pivot 25, movable ring 34 suit is on pivot 25, gu fixed ring 33, movable ring 34 sets up in turn, it is hollow cylindrical cavity to fold spiral shell chamber 15, its top is provided with apron 23, apron 23 inboard is equipped with recess 31, gu fixed ring 33 and the upper end setting of movable ring 34 are in the recess, gu fixed ring 33 and the interval of movable ring 34 in the pivot is from big to little.
Adding a pre-estimated amount of water into a reactor, then putting untreated domestic organic waste into a reaction tank 2 from a feed inlet I1, after the feeding is finished, opening a power switch connected with a magnetic induction coil 4, applying voltage to the magnetic induction coil, simultaneously opening an air blower 3 to blow air into an aeration pipe 8, stirring slurry in the tank body and driving a propeller 5 to rotate, after the slurry is treated for 1h by a magnetic field generated by the magnetic induction coil, electrifying a cathode electrode 6 and an anode electrode 7, after the reaction is carried out for 30min, stopping blowing, extracting a partition plate 10, enabling slurry to enter a filter tank 11 through a filter screen 9, and intercepting large-particle impurities in the organic waste into the reaction tank; liquid in the filter tank is pumped into a feed inlet III of the stacked screw type dehydrator through a feed inlet II 12 through a pump, and organic waste is dehydrated in a stacked screw cavity 15; the removed water body enters the drainage tank 17 through the dewatering holes 30 and flows back to the reaction tank for reuse, and the organic waste materials are discharged into the discharge tank 19 from the discharge hole 29 and are discharged from the discharge hole 20.
Example 2: the method for removing heavy metals and POPs in livestock and poultry manure through electromagnetic reinforcement comprises the following specific operations:
1. the method treats 500kg of livestock and poultry manure
The electromagnetic reactor is a cuboid, the height is 0.5m, the length is 1m, and the width is 0.5 m; the length of the electrode is 45cm, and the interval between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is 10 cm; the cathode electrode and the anode electrode are fixed at the top in the reaction tank, the magnetic induction coil is externally connected with a power supply voltage of 5V, the number of turns of the magnetic induction coil is 20, and the inductance is 9 mu H; the external power supply voltage of the cathode electrode and the anode electrode is 1V, the frequency is 50Hz, and the cathode electrode and the anode electrode are both carbon electrodes; the length of the aeration pipe is 0.8m, the density of micropores on the aeration pipe is 20/cm, a continuous air blowing mode is adopted, and the aeration speed is 10 m/s.
2. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing organic waste into slurry with the water content of 90%, and applying external force to stir the slurry uniformly; applying a magnetic field to the uniformly mixed slurry for 40min, capturing and adsorbing heavy metal ions in the components of the organic waste, acting on hydrogen bonds of water molecules, transition metal atomic enzymes and microorganisms, changing a double electric layer structure on the surface of the organic waste, promoting the heavy metal and POPs in the slurry to be converted to a water-soluble state, and realizing the separation of the heavy metal and POPs from the organic waste; after separation, applying an electric field to the slurry for 10min, allowing water molecules and heavy metals and POPs which are continuously converted into water-soluble state to migrate to the cathode region of the electric field under the action of electromigration, and allowing organic wastes to migrate to the anode region of the electric field, so as to remove the heavy metals and the POPs; while the electromagnetic treatment is carried out, continuous aeration is carried out on the slurry, the slurry circulation is driven, so that organic waste particles are kept in a uniformly suspended state in the slurry, the transmission of metal ions is enhanced, the desorption and dissolution of heavy metals are assisted, the polarization phenomenon of electrodes is avoided, and the temperature of the whole electromagnetic reaction environment is maintained at 40 ℃;
and (3) filtering and dehydrating treatment: after the electromagnetic treatment is finished, filtering the slurry to remove large-particle impurities (the aperture of a filter screen used for filtering is 2 meshes) and dehydrating, wherein the filtering and dehydrating treatment are continuously carried out, the water content of the treated organic solid waste is 40%, and the removed water flows back to prepare the organic waste slurry.
The structure of the device of the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, but the right end of the discharge groove 19 is provided with a port with a baffle 28; a transmission shaft sleeve 27 is arranged outside the transmission shaft 26, and a sleeve 22 (figure 2) is arranged outside the left end of the rotating shaft.
Adding a pre-estimated amount of water into a reactor, then putting untreated domestic organic waste into a reaction tank 2 from a feed inlet I1, after the feeding is finished, opening a power switch connected with a magnetic induction coil 4, applying voltage to the magnetic induction coil, simultaneously opening an air blower 3 to blow air into an aeration pipe 8, stirring slurry in the tank body and driving a propeller 5 to rotate, after the slurry is treated for 40min by a magnetic field generated by the magnetic induction coil, electrifying a cathode electrode 6 and an anode electrode 7, after the reaction is carried out for 10min, stopping blowing, extracting a partition plate 10, enabling slurry to enter a filter tank 11 through a filter screen 9, and intercepting large-particle impurities in the organic waste into the reaction tank; liquid in the filter tank is pumped into a feed inlet III of the stacked screw type dehydrator through a feed inlet II 12 through a pump, and organic waste is dehydrated in a stacked screw cavity 15; the removed water body enters the drainage tank 17 through the dewatering holes 30 and flows back to the reaction tank for reuse, and the organic waste materials are discharged into the discharge tank 19 from the discharge hole 29 and are discharged from the discharge hole 20.
Example 3:
in the residual organic waste of a certain urban sewage treatment plant, the contents of heavy metals Cu, As and Zn are respectively 80.8 mg/kg, 26.8 mg/kg and 468mg/kg, 30g of organic waste is weighed and put into an electromagnetic reactor experimental device, and the electromagnetic reactor is a cuboid, the height of which is 10cm, the length of which is 20cm and the width of which is 8 cm; the length of the electrode is 18cm, and the interval between the cathode and anode pairs is 5 cm; the cathode electrode and the anode electrode are fixed at the top in the reaction tank, the magnetic induction coil is externally connected with a power supply voltage of 30V, the number of turns of the magnetic induction coil is 15, and the inductance is 5 mu H; the external power voltage of the electrode is 4V, the frequency is 50Hz, and the cathode electrode and the anode electrode are graphite electrodes; the length of the aeration pipe is 15m, the density of micropores on the aeration pipe is 10/cm, and the aeration speed is 10 m/s.
The method and the device of the embodiment are the same As the embodiment 2, and are different in that the magnetic field is applied for 100min, the electric field is applied for 20min, and after the treatment is finished, the content of the residual heavy metals Cu, As and Zn in the sample organic waste is detected to be within the limit value, so that the method and the device accord with the agricultural standard of the organic waste.
Claims (12)
1. A method for removing heavy metals and POPs in organic waste through electromagnetic reinforcement is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the electromagnetic reaction process comprises the following steps: preparing organic waste into slurry with the water content of 85-90%, and applying external force to uniformly stir the slurry; applying a magnetic field to the uniformly mixed slurry to capture and adsorb heavy metal ions in the components of the organic waste, acting on hydrogen bonds of water molecules, transition metal atomic enzyme and microorganisms, changing a double electric layer structure on the surface of the organic waste, promoting the heavy metal and POPs in the slurry to be converted to a water-soluble state, and realizing the separation of the heavy metal and POPs from the organic waste; after separation is finished, an electric field is applied to the slurry, water molecules and heavy metals and POPs which are continuously converted into water-soluble state migrate to the cathode area of the electric field under the action of electromigration, organic wastes migrate to the anode area of the electric field, and the heavy metals and the POPs are removed; during the electromagnetic treatment, continuously aerating the slurry, driving the slurry to circulate, keeping organic waste particles in a uniformly suspended state in the slurry, enhancing the transmission of metal ions, assisting the desorption and dissolution of heavy metals, avoiding the polarization phenomenon of electrodes, and maintaining the temperature of the whole electromagnetic reaction environment at 4-60 ℃;
(2) and (3) filtering and dehydrating treatment: after the electromagnetic treatment is finished, filtering the slurry to remove large-particle impurities and dewatering, wherein the filtering and dewatering are continuously carried out, the water content of the treated organic solid waste is 30% -50%, and the removed water flows back to be used for preparing the organic waste slurry.
2. The method for removing heavy metals and POPs from organic waste by electromagnetic enhancement according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the magnetic field is generated by the magnetic induction coil, the voltage applied to the magnetic induction coil is 1-50V, the number of turns of the magnetic induction coil is 5-30, and the inductance is 1-10 muH.
3. The method for removing heavy metals and POPs from organic waste by electromagnetic enhancement according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the electric field is generated by electrodes, the current is introduced in an alternating current mode, the frequency is 50Hz, the voltage is 0.1-5V, and the electrode material is carbon or graphite.
4. The method for removing heavy metals and POPs from organic waste by electromagnetic enhancement according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the time of applying the magnetic field is 40-120 min, and the time of applying the electric field is 10-30 min.
5. The method for removing heavy metals and POPs from organic waste by electromagnetic enhancement according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the aeration speed is 1-30 m/s.
6. The method for removing heavy metals and POPs from organic waste by electromagnetic enhancement according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the aperture of a filter screen used for filtering is 1-5 meshes, and a stacked screw type dehydrator is adopted for dehydration.
7. The device for realizing the method for electromagnetically and intensively removing the heavy metals and POPs in the organic waste as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the device comprises an electromagnetic reaction device and a stacked screw type dehydrator, wherein the electromagnetic reaction device comprises a feed inlet I (1), a blower (3), a reactor, a magnetic induction coil (4), a propeller (5), a cathode electrode (6), an anode electrode (7), an aeration pipe (8), a filter screen (9), a partition plate (10) and a liquid pumping pipe (13); the interior of the reactor is divided into a reaction tank (2) and a filtering tank (11) through a filter screen (9) and a partition plate (10), a feed inlet II (12) at one end of a liquid pumping pipe (13) is arranged above the bottom of the filtering tank, and the partition plate (10) is arranged on one side of the filter screen close to the filtering tank; a feeding hole I (1) is formed in the reaction tank (2), a cathode electrode (6) and an anode electrode (7) are uniformly arranged in the reaction tank, a magnetic induction coil (4) is wound on the cathode electrode (6) and the anode electrode (7), propellers (5) are arranged at the bottom ends of the cathode electrode (6) and the anode electrode (7), an aeration pipe (8) is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank and connected with an air blower (3), and the cathode electrode (6), the anode electrode (7) and the magnetic induction coil (4) are respectively connected with a power supply;
the stacked screw type dehydrator comprises a feed inlet III (14), a stacked screw cavity (15), a speed reducing motor (16), a drainage groove (17), a discharge groove (19), a support (21), a stacked screw sheet (24), a rotating shaft (25) and a back pressure plate (32); the screw-stacking type dehydrator is obliquely arranged on the bracket (21), the feed port III (14) is arranged on the screw-stacking cavity (15), and the other end of the liquid pumping pipe (13) is communicated with the feed port III (14) through a pump; the bottom of the screw stacking cavity (15) is provided with a dewatering hole (30), a water drainage tank (17) is arranged at the bottom of the screw stacking cavity (15) and is positioned below the dewatering hole, the water drainage tank (17) is communicated with the reaction tank (2) through a backflow water valve (18), the bottom of the right end of the screw stacking cavity (15) is provided with a discharge hole (29), the discharge hole (29) is communicated with one end of a discharge tank (19), the other end of the discharge tank (19) is provided with a discharge hole (20), and the discharge tank is fixed below the water drainage tank (17); a back pressure plate (32) is fixed at the right end in the screw stacking cavity (15), two ends of a rotating shaft (25) are movably arranged on the screw stacking cavity (15), the right end of the rotating shaft (25) penetrates through the back pressure plate (32) to be connected with a transmission shaft (26) of a speed reducing motor (16) and driven to rotate by the transmission shaft, and a screw stacking piece (24) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (25).
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the laminated spiral piece (24) comprises more than one fixing ring (33) and more than one movable ring (34), the fixing ring (33) is fixed on the rotating shaft (25), the movable ring (34) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (25), and the fixing ring (33) and the movable ring (34) are alternately arranged.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein: the screw folding cavity (15) is a hollow cylindrical cavity, the top of the screw folding cavity is provided with a cover plate (23), the inner side of the cover plate (23) is provided with a groove (31), and the upper ends of a fixed ring (33) and a movable ring (34) are arranged in the groove.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein: the distance between the fixed ring (33) and the movable ring (34) on the rotating shaft is from left to right and from large to small.
11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the right end of the discharge groove (19) is provided with an opening with a baffle plate (28).
12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein: a transmission shaft sleeve (27) is arranged outside the transmission shaft (26), and a sleeve (22) is arranged outside the left end of the rotating shaft.
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