CN108853292B - 一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种药品及其制备方法,即一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药及其制备方法。所述中药是按重量份由以下原料药制成:鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—8份、石菖蒲1—6份、徐长卿1—7份。其制备方法:取鱼脑石、地龙、红景天、石菖蒲、徐长卿,所述的鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂,再与其他药物混合粉碎,过80目筛,制成散剂。有益效果是:对过敏性鼻炎具有显著疗效,且疗程短、见效快、不易反复、无任何副作用及不良反应,且制备方法独特,简单易行,绿色环保,无污染,使所制备的药物的药效能充分发挥,收到了意想不到的效果,有望成为过敏性鼻炎患者的首选药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种药品及其制备方法,即一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药及其制备方法。
背景技术
过敏性鼻炎即变应性鼻炎,是指特应性个体接触变应原后,主要由IgE介导的介质(主要是组胺)释放,并有多种免疫活性细胞和细胞因子等参与的鼻黏膜非感染性炎性疾病。症见打喷嚏、流清水样涕、鼻痒和鼻塞等,严重者还会有气管哮喘、鼻息肉、嗅觉障碍、头疼头昏等并发症,严重的影响了人们的生活、工作,和学习。现有的治疗方法有:免疫治疗、药物治疗、外科治疗,而药物治疗通常成为了人们的首选,西医多选用抗组胺药、糖皮质激素等药物进行治疗,但治标不治本,易复发,长时间服用,还会导致水肿、向心肥胖等大量不良反应,而中医对本类疾病却具有独到的见解和治疗方法,中医称过敏性鼻炎为鼻鼽,是因禀质特异,邪犯鼻窍所致,以阵发性鼻痒、连续喷嚏为特征的疾病,治宜采用标本兼治,颇受患者的欢迎。然而,现有的中药处方治疗过敏性鼻炎症,多疗程长,见效慢,易反复,治愈率低,而其中以苍耳子为主药治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药处方治疗效果相对较高,但由于具有毒性,不易长期服用。因此,急需找到一种疗程短、见效快、不易反复、治愈率高、无毒副作用、配伍科学合理的治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种疗程短、见效快、不易反复、治疗效果好、无毒副作用、配伍科学合理的治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药及其制备方法。
上述目的是由以下技术方案实现的:所述中药是按重量份由以下原料药制成:鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—8份、石菖蒲1—6份、徐长卿1—7份。
所述中药是按重量份由以下原料药制成散剂:鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—4份、石菖蒲1—3份、徐长卿1—3份。
所述的一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药的制备方法:取鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—4份、石菖蒲1—3份、徐长卿1—3份,所述的鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂,与其他药物混合粉碎,过80目筛,制成散剂。
所述的一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药的制备方法:
(1)取鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—4份、石菖蒲1—3份、徐长卿1—3份,所述的鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂,与其他药物混合粉碎,过80目筛,备用;
(2)按重量份取红景天3—4份,石菖蒲1—3份,徐长卿3—4份,加水,水浸过药材表面4—5cm,小火煎汤15min,放凉,过滤,滤渣再次放入水中,水浸过滤渣表面4—5cm,煎汤15min, 放凉,过滤,合并上述滤液,浓缩,得浓缩液,浓缩液的含水量为20%—30%;
(3)取蜂蜜3—7份,加热熬至沸腾后5分钟,晾凉,与红景天、徐长卿、石菖蒲的浓缩液混匀搅拌,制成蜜制浓缩液;
(4)将上述蜜制浓缩液与药粉混合,制成直径1.5—2cm大的水蜜丸。
所述的一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药,其特征在于:所述原料药按重量份加入:蔓荆子1—3份、白僵蚕1—3份、辛夷花3—9份、白藓皮1—8份、仙灵脾1—7份、仙鹤草1—6份。
所述的一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药,其特征在于:所述中药是按重量份由以下原料药制成散剂:取鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—4份、石菖蒲1—3份、徐长卿1—3份,蔓荆子1—3份、白僵蚕1—3份、辛夷花3—5份、白藓皮1—4份、仙灵脾1—3份、仙鹤草1—3份,所述的鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂;与其他药物混合粉碎,过80目筛,制成散剂。
所述的一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药的制备方法:
(1)取鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—4份、石菖蒲1—3份、徐长卿1—3份,蔓荆子1—3份、白僵蚕1—3份、白藓皮1—4份、仙灵脾1—3份、仙鹤草1—3份,所述的鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂,与其他药物混合粉碎,过80目筛,备用;
(2)按重量份取红景天3—4份,石菖蒲1—3份,徐长卿3—4份,辛夷花3—4份,白藓皮3—4份、仙灵脾3—4份,仙鹤草1—3份,加水,水浸过药材表面4—5cm,小火煎汤15min,放凉,过滤,滤渣再次放入水中,水浸过滤渣表面4—5cm,小火煎汤15min, 放凉,过滤,合并上述滤液,浓缩,得浓缩液,浓缩液的含水量为20%—30%;
(3)取蜂蜜3—7份,加热熬至沸腾后5分钟,晾凉,与所述的浓缩液混匀搅拌,制成蜜制浓缩液;
(4)将上述蜜制浓缩液与药粉混合,制成1.5—2cm大的水蜜丸。
所述的一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药,其特征在于:所述的原料药按重量份加入:葶苈子1—3份、红花1—3份、旋复花1—6份、蛇蜕1—3份、蝉蜕1—3份、灵芝3—10份。
所述的一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药,其特征在于:所述中药是按重量份由以下原料药制成散剂:取鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—4份、石菖蒲1—3份、徐长卿1—3份,蔓荆子1—3份、白僵蚕1—3份、辛夷花3—5份、白藓皮1—4份、仙灵脾1—3份、仙鹤草1—3份,葶苈子1—3份、红花1—3份、旋复花1—3份、蛇蜕1—3份、蝉蜕1—3份、灵芝3—5份,所述的鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂;与其他药物混合粉碎,过80目筛,制成散剂。
所述的一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药的制备方法:
(1)取鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—4份、石菖蒲1—3份、徐长卿1—3份,蔓荆子1—3份、白僵蚕1—3份、白藓皮1—4份、仙灵脾1—3份、仙鹤草1—3份,葶苈子1—3份、红花1—3份、旋复花1—3份、蛇蜕1—3份、蝉蜕1—3份、灵芝3—5份,所述的鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂,与其他药物混合粉碎,过80目筛,备用;
(2)按重量份取红景天3—4份,石菖蒲1—3份,徐长卿3—4份,辛夷花3—4份,白藓皮3—4份、仙灵脾3—4份,仙鹤草1—3份、旋覆花1—3份、灵芝5份,加水,水浸过药材表面4—5cm,小火煎汤15min,放凉,过滤,滤渣再次放入水中,水浸过滤渣表面4—5cm,小火煎汤15min, 放凉,过滤,合并上述滤液,浓缩,得浓缩液,浓缩液的含水量为20%—30%;
(3)取蜂蜜3—7份,加热熬至沸腾后5分钟,晾凉,与所述的浓缩液混匀搅拌,制成蜜制浓缩液;
(4)将上述蜜制浓缩液与药粉混合,制成1.5—2cm大的水蜜丸。
所述的一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药,其特征在于:所述的仙灵脾,用防风水隔水蒸,待水沸腾,十分钟后,取出,取55度的纯粮白酒,55度的纯粮白酒与仙灵脾的重量份为1:10,与仙灵脾均匀混合,文火炒干,晾凉备用,所述的仙灵脾与防风的重量比为仙灵脾:防风=9—11:2。
所述的一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药,其特征在于:所述的蛇蜕,用防风水隔水蒸,十分钟后,晾干备用,蛇蜕与防风的重量比为蛇蜕:防风=9—11:2。
本发明的有益效果是:对过敏性鼻炎具有显著疗效,且疗程短、见效快、不易反复、无任何副作用及不良反应,且制备方法独特,简单易行,绿色环保,无污染,使所制备的药物的药效能充分发挥,收到了意想不到的效果,有望成为过敏性鼻炎患者的首选药物。
具体实施方式
第一种实施例:
药物组成:鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—8份、石菖蒲1—6份、徐长卿1—7份。
所述的上述药物按重量份制成散剂或制成水蜜丸剂。
(一)所述上述药物制成散剂的方法是:
取鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—4份、石菖蒲1—3份、徐长卿1—3份,优选鱼脑石5份、地龙2份、红景天3.5份、石菖蒲2份、徐长卿2份,所述的鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂,与其他药物混合粉碎,过80目筛,制成散剂。
(二)所述上述药物制成蜜丸的方法是:
1.取鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—4份、石菖蒲1—3份、徐长卿1—3份,优选鱼脑石5份、地龙2份、红景天3.5份、石菖蒲2份、徐长卿2份,所述的鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂,与其他药物混合粉碎,过80目筛,备用;
2.按重量份取红景天3—4份,石菖蒲1—3份,徐长卿3—4份,优选红景天3.5份,石菖蒲2份,徐长卿3.5份,加水,水浸过药材表面4—5cm,小火煎汤15min,放凉,过滤,滤渣再次放入水中,水浸过滤渣表面4—5cm,煎汤15min, 放凉,过滤,合并上述滤液,浓缩,得浓缩液,浓缩液的含水量为20%—30%;
3.取蜂蜜3—7份,加热熬至沸腾后5分钟,晾凉,与红景天、徐长卿、石菖蒲的浓缩液混匀搅拌,制成蜜制浓缩液;
4.将上述蜜制浓缩液与药粉混合,制成直径1.5—2cm大的水蜜丸。
原料药简介:
鱼脑石,又名鱼耳石、鱼首石、鱼枕骨异名石首鱼头石(《千金方》),石首鱼脑中枕(《日华子本草》),石首鱼魫(《濒湖集简方》),石首骨(《本草汇言》),黄鱼脑石、鱼首石(《浙江中药手册》)。为石首鱼科动物大黄鱼或小黄鱼头骨中的耳石,是平衡石,性味,《医林纂要》:"咸,平。"功用主治:化石,通淋,消炎。治石淋,小便不利,中耳炎,鼻炎,脑漏。
红景天(学名:Rhodiola rosea L.),别名:蔷薇红景天,扫罗玛布尔(藏名),性味:寒、甘、涩。归经:肺经。功能主治:有补气清肺、益智养心、收涩止血、散瘀消肿的功效。主治气虚体弱、病后畏寒、气短乏力、肺热咳嗽、咯血、白带腹泻、跌打损伤等。
石菖蒲,(拉丁学名:Acorus tatarinowii),属天南星科、菖蒲属禾草状多年生草本植物,石菖蒲根茎含挥发油,其主要成分是β-细辛醚,顺式甲基异丁香油酚(cismethylisoeugenol),榄香脂素(elemicin),细辛醛(asarylaldehde),δ-荜澄匣烯(δ-cadinene),百里香酚(thymol),肉豆劳动酸(myristic acid)。金钱蒲根茎含挥发油,其中:α-和β-细辛脑,欧细辛脑,顺式-4-丙稀基藜芦醚(TCMLIBans-4-propenyl veraTCMLIBole)即是反式-甲基异丁香油酚(TCMLIBans-methylisoeugenol),4-烯丙基藜芦醚(4-allylveraTCMLIBole)即是甲基丁香油酚(methyleugenol),榄香脂素,细辛醛,二聚细辛醚(bisasaricin),α-和β-毕澄匣油烯(cubebene),丁香烯(caryophyllene),β-古芸烯(β-gurjunene),伸缩术烯(eremophilene),橙花叔醇(nerolidol),愈创奥醇(guaiol),金钱蒲烯酮(gramenone),1,2-二甲氧基-4-(E-3-甲基环氧乙烷基)苯(1,2-dimethoxy-4-(E-3-methyloxiranyl)benzene),1,2,4-三甲氧基-5-(E-3-甲基环氧乙烷基)苯(1,2,4-TCMLIBimethoxy-5-(E-3-methyloxiranyl)benzene))等。开窍醒神,用于痰蒙清窍,神志昏迷。本品辛开苦燥温通,芳香走窜,不但有开窍醒神之功,且兼具化湿,豁痰,辟秽之效。行气消胀,用于湿阻中焦,脘腹痞满,胀闷疼痛。本品辛温芳香,善化湿浊、醒脾胃、行气滞、消胀满。用治湿浊中阻,脘闷腹胀、痞塞疼痛,常与砂仁、苍术、厚朴同用;若湿从热化、湿热蕴伏、身热吐利、胸脘痞闷、舌苔黄腻者,可与黄连、厚朴等配伍,如连朴饮(《霍乱论》),化湿,用于噤口痢。本品芳香化湿、燥湿,又行胃肠之气。治疗湿浊、热毒蕴结肠中所致之水谷不纳,痢疾后重等,可与黄连、茯苓、石莲子等配伍,如开噤散(《医学心悟》)。
地龙,地龙子;寒蚓;螼;蜿蟺;引无;附蚓;曲蟮;土蟺;虫蟮;螾;蚯蚓干;曲鳝;广地龙;土地龙;蜿蟮;曲曲;蚯蚓;胊肕;蚓蝼;曲蟺;土龙;丘螾。药性:寒。药味:咸。归经:肝经;脾经;膀胱经。功效:清热,平肝,止喘,通络。主治:治高热狂躁,惊风抽搐,风热头痛,目赤,中风半身不遂,喘息,喉痹,关节疼痛,齿衄,小便不通,瘰疬。痄腮,疮疡。
徐长卿,学名 Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) Kitagawa 。别名:寥刁竹,竹叶细辛。来源:徐长卿为萝藦科牛皮消属植物徐长卿的干燥根及根茎。功能主治:用于风湿痹痛、腰痛、跌打损伤疼痛、脘腹痛、牙痛等各种痛症。徐长卿有较好的祛风止痛作用,广泛地用于风湿、寒凝、气滞、血瘀所致的各种痛症。也用于手术后疼痛及癌肿疼痛,有一定的止痛作用。可单味应用,或随证配伍有关的药物。用湿疹、风疹块、顽癣等皮肤病。徐长卿有祛风止痒作用。可单用内服或煎汤外洗,亦可配伍苦参、地肤子、白鲜皮等清利湿热的药物。此外,徐长卿还能解蛇毒,治毒蛇咬伤。可与半边莲同用内服或外用。
处方分析:
鱼脑石,有消肿通淋之功,加活血化瘀的红景天,更增强了消鼻肿,活血通气,化滞散结之功,红景天入肺脾,甘平无毒,不但活血化瘀,同时补肺气,抗疲劳,是本方治本之要药,可大大减少过敏性鼻炎易复发、易反复的问题;石菖蒲为开鼻窍、通肺气,可使鼻塞立通;地龙、徐长卿,祛风止痒,活血通络,止痉息风,化痰散结,清热平喘,均有抗炎、抗过敏的作用。上述药物相辅相成,标本兼顾,共同治疗过敏性鼻炎。
制备方法分析:上述两种制备方法中,以水蜜丸为佳。散剂中,将鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂,目的易于粉碎的同时,增强药物在处方中的疗效(实验数据显示炒制的鱼脑石加入本处方中疗效高于生品),然后再与其他药物混合、粉碎、制成散剂,发挥疗效;水蜜丸的制备方法是根据各药的药性而研制出的适于本方的最好的制备方法,总体思路是:将处方中药物粉碎,备用,而后为了更好的发挥药物的疗效,通过大量实验挑选,再选适当重量份红景天、石菖蒲、徐长卿制成蜜制浓缩液,然后再与上述药粉混合,加蜂蜜,制得,因为在实验实践过程中发现本处方中的红景天、石菖蒲、徐长卿的水煎液提取物中含有治疗本申请疾病的大量有效成分,但单独的制成散剂或制成水煎剂均不能产生上述最佳疗效,采用上述方法,并加蜂蜜调和药性,发挥了上述药物的最大疗效,取得了意想不到的效果。
用法用量:以含主药量计算(除辅料外),每日三次,每次3—5g,温水送服。
在本发明的药物的制备方法上,进行了大量的研究工作,包括将所述原料药制成汤剂、散剂、丸剂、片剂等多种剂型,经证实,制成散剂或水蜜丸剂效果较好,实验数据显示,制成水蜜丸的治疗效果高于制成散剂的治疗效果,其总有效率实验数据相对比:水蜜丸剂高于散剂4个百分点,其治愈率相对比:水蜜丸剂高于散剂3个百分点。
由于实验数据篇幅较大,现以治疗效果最好的水蜜丸剂为例,实验结果如下。
实验例简介:
2001年以来,在经过毒理实验未发现毒副作用的基础上,进行了大量的临床试用,均取得了满意的疗效。
过敏性鼻炎的临床诊断:依据《临床疾病诊断依据治愈好转标准》(第二版),中国人民解放军总后勤部卫生部编,主编:孙传兴。
一、过敏性鼻炎的诊断依据:
(一)过敏体质,有接触过敏原史。可分为常年性和季节性两种。
突然发作,阵发性鼻痒、鼻塞及连续打喷嚏,有大量水样分泌物。有时伴有哮喘,荨麻疹等。
(二)鼻腔及鼻甲粘膜苍白或灰白,水肿,中、下鼻甲尤为明显。常伴有中鼻甲及中鼻道息肉样变或鼻息肉。鼻腔有多量水样或稀薄粘性分泌物。
(三)鼻分泌物中可查到多量嗜酸性粒细胞,皮肤划痕试验可呈阳性反应。
二、治愈好转标准:
治愈:发作停止,鼻腔功能恢复。
好转:症状缓解,发作减少。
无效:无任何症状改变。
例数及治疗情况如下表:
有效率=(好转数+治愈数)/总数X100%,治愈率 = 治愈数/总数X100%。
由表可见,使用本方治疗过敏性鼻炎,治愈率为66.7%,有效率为86.7%。
并且服药期间的随访调查结果显示,受试者服药期间,未出现任何不良反应及毒副作用,追访复发者为3人。
第二种实施例:
药物配方组成:在第一种实施例的基础上,所述原料药按重量份加入:蔓荆子1—3份、白僵蚕1—3份、辛夷花3—9份、白藓皮1—8份、仙灵脾1—7份、仙鹤草1—6份。即:鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—8份、石菖蒲1—6份、徐长卿1—7份,蔓荆子1—3份、白僵蚕1—3份、辛夷花3—9份、白藓皮1—8份、仙灵脾1—7份、仙鹤草1—6份。
所述的上述药物按重量份制成散剂或制成水蜜丸剂。
(一)所述上述药物制成散剂的方法是:
取鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—4份、石菖蒲1—3份、徐长卿1—3份,蔓荆子1—3份、白僵蚕1—3份、辛夷花3—5份、白藓皮1—4份、仙灵脾1—3份、仙鹤草1—3份,优选:鱼脑石5份、地龙2份、红景天3.5份、石菖蒲2份、徐长卿2份,蔓荆子2份、白僵蚕2份、辛夷花4份、白藓皮2.5份、仙灵脾2份、仙鹤草2份,所述的鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂;与其他药物混合粉碎,过80目筛,制成散剂。
所述的仙灵脾,用防风水隔水蒸,待水沸腾,十分钟后,取出,取55度的纯粮白酒,55度的纯粮白酒与仙灵脾的重量份为1:10,与仙灵脾均匀混合,文火炒干,晾凉备用,所述的仙灵脾与防风的重量比为仙灵脾:防风=9—11:2,优选仙灵脾:防风=5:1。
(二)所述上述药物制成蜜丸的方法是:
(1)取鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—4份、石菖蒲1—3份、徐长卿1—3份,蔓荆子1—3份、白僵蚕1—3份、白藓皮1—4份、仙灵脾1—3份、仙鹤草1—3份,优选:鱼脑石5份、地龙2份、红景天3.5份、石菖蒲2份、徐长卿2份,蔓荆子2份、白僵蚕2份、白藓皮2.5份、仙灵脾2份、仙鹤草2份,所述的鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂,与其他药物混合粉碎,过80目筛,备用;
(2)按重量份取红景天3—4份,石菖蒲1—3份,徐长卿3—4份,辛夷花3—4份,白藓皮3—4份、仙灵脾3—4份,仙鹤草1—3份,优选:红景天3.5份,石菖蒲2份,徐长卿3.5份,辛夷花3.5份,白藓皮3.5份、仙灵脾3.5份,仙鹤草2份,加水,水浸过药材表面4—5cm,小火煎汤15min,放凉,过滤,滤渣再次放入水中,水浸过滤渣表面4—5cm,小火煎汤15min, 放凉,过滤,合并上述滤液,浓缩,得浓缩液,浓缩液的含水量为20%—30%;
(3)取蜂蜜3—7份,加热熬至沸腾后5分钟,晾凉,与所述的浓缩液混匀搅拌,制成蜜制浓缩液;
(4)将上述蜜制浓缩液与药粉混合,制成1.5—2cm大的水蜜丸。
所述的仙灵脾,用防风水隔水蒸,待水沸腾,十分钟后,取出,取55度的纯粮白酒,55度的纯粮白酒与仙灵脾的重量份为1:10,与仙灵脾均匀混合,文火炒干,晾凉备用,所述的仙灵脾与防风的重量比为仙灵脾:防风=9—11:2,优选仙灵脾:防风=5:1。
新增原料药简介:
辛夷花,别名有林兰、桂兰、杜兰、木莲、木笔、黄心、紫玉兰、女郎花,拉丁文名:Magnolia denudata Desr. 来源为 木兰科植物望春花(MagnoliabiondiiPamp.)的干燥花蕾。性味:性平。味辛。归肺、胃经。因它辛散温通、芳香走窜、上行头面、善通鼻窍、因治鼻渊头痛要药,同时只要适当配伍它偏寒偏热均可应用,药用价值颇高,内服外用都有较好的疗效。
蔓荆子,别名:蔓荆实、荆子、万荆子、蔓青子、蔓荆、白背木耳、小刀豆藤、白背风、白背草。来源为马鞭草科植物单叶蔓荆或蔓荆的干燥成熟果实。主要功效是疏散风热,清利头目,除湿处关节。常用于外感头痛,偏正头风,昏晕目暗,赤眼多泪,目睛内痛,齿龈肿痛,湿痹拘挛。
白僵蚕,别名:僵蚕、僵天虫,来源为蚕蛾科昆虫蚕蛾的幼虫感染白僵菌而僵死的干燥全虫。功能主治:祛风解痉,化痰散结;治中风失音,惊痫,头风,喉风;喉痹,瘰疬结核;风疮瘾疹,丹毒,乳腺炎。
白藓皮,又名八股牛、山牡丹、羊鲜草,是芸香科多年生草本植物白鲜和狭叶白鲜的根皮。性味归经:苦;咸;寒。脾经;肺经;小肠经;胃经;膀胱经。具有清热燥湿,祛风解毒功效。主治湿热疮毒,湿疹,疥癣,湿热黄疸,风湿热痹。
仙灵脾,用于肾虚阳痿、遗精早泄、腰膝痿软、肢冷畏寒。治阳痿遗泄,可配仙茅、山萸肉、肉苁蓉等品;治腰膝痿软,可配杜仲,巴戟天、狗脊等品;用于寒湿痹痛或四肢拘挛麻木。治风湿痹痛偏于寒湿者,以及四肢麻木不仁或筋骨拘挛等,可与威灵仙、巴戟天、肉桂、当归、川芎等配伍;可治疗小儿麻痹症、神经衰弱、慢性气管炎、骨质疏松等病症。
仙鹤草,别名:金顶龙牙、龙芽草、狼牙草等。为蔷薇科植物龙牙草的干燥地上部分。功能主治:收敛止血,截疟,止痢,解毒。用于咳血、吐血、治流鼻血有特效、疟疾、脱力劳伤、痈肿。
处方分析:新增的辛夷花辅助石菖蒲进一步开鼻窍、通肺气,蔓荆子,化痰开结,新增的白僵蚕、白藓皮与地龙、徐长卿祛风止痒,活血通络,止痉息风,化痰散结,清热平喘,均有抗炎、抗过敏的作用,新增的仙灵脾温肾阳,仙鹤草又叫脱力草,不但止鼻血,同时补虚劳,益气血,辅助红景天,治本病之本,上述新增药物,更进一步的提高了治疗过敏性鼻炎的效果。
制备方法分析:上述两种制备方法中,以水蜜丸为佳。散剂中,将鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂,目的易于粉碎的同时,增强药物在处方中的疗效(实验数据显示炒制的鱼脑石加入本处方中疗效高于生品),然后再与其他药物混合、粉碎、制成散剂,发挥疗效;水蜜丸的制备方法是根据各药的药性而研制出的适于本方的最好的制备方法,总体思路是:将处方中除了辛夷花以外的其他药物粉碎(因辛夷花粉碎会破坏其发挥疗效的成分),备用,而后为了更好的发挥药物的疗效,通过大量实验挑选,再选适当重量份红景天、石菖蒲、徐长卿、辛夷花、白藓皮、仙灵脾、仙鹤草制成蜜制浓缩液,然后再与上述药粉混合,加蜂蜜,制得,因为在实验实践过程中发现本处方中的红景天、石菖蒲、徐长卿、辛夷花、白藓皮、仙灵脾、仙鹤草的水煎液提取物中含有治疗本申请疾病的大量有效成分,但单独的制成散剂或制成水煎剂均不能产生上述最佳疗效,采用上述方法,并加蜂蜜调和药性,发挥了上述药物的最大疗效,取得了意想不到的效果。仙灵脾用防风水、酒制备,其目的是增强疗效,这种方法为祖传秘方,虽然理论上无法论证,但经过大量的临床经验显示,仙灵脾采用上述方法,增强了其在处方中的疗效,与采用生品对比,治疗本病的总有效率可平均增加3—4个百分点。
用法用量:以含主药量计算(除辅料外),每日三次,每次3—5g,温水送服。
在本发明的药物的制备方法上,进行了大量的研究工作,包括将所述原料药制成汤剂、散剂、丸剂、片剂等多种剂型,经证实,制成散剂或水蜜丸剂效果较好,实验数据显示,制成水蜜丸的治疗效果高于制成散剂的治疗效果,其总有效率实验数据相对比:水蜜丸剂高于散剂3.5个百分点,其治愈率相对比:水蜜丸剂高于散剂3个百分点。
由于实验数据篇幅较大,现以治疗效果最好的水蜜丸剂为例,实验结果如下。
实验例简介:
2001年以来,在经过毒理实验未发现毒副作用的基础上,进行了大量的临床试用,均取得了满意的疗效。
临床诊断:依据《临床疾病诊断依据治愈好转标准》(第二版),中国人民解放军总后勤部卫生部编,主编:孙传兴。
一、过敏性鼻炎的诊断依据:
(一)过敏体质,有接触过敏原史。可分为常年性和季节性两种。
突然发作,阵发性鼻痒、鼻塞及连续打喷嚏,有大量水样分泌物。有时伴有哮喘,荨麻疹等。
(二)鼻腔及鼻甲粘膜苍白或灰白,水肿,中、下鼻甲尤为明显。常伴有中鼻甲及中鼻道息肉样变或鼻息肉。鼻腔有多量水样或稀薄粘性分泌物。
(三)鼻分泌物中可查到多量嗜酸性粒细胞,皮肤划痕试验可呈阳性反应。
二、治愈好转标准:
治愈:发作停止,鼻腔功能恢复。
好转:症状缓解,发作减少。
无效:无任何症状改变。
例数及治疗情况如下表:
受试者总数(人) | 治愈(人) | 治愈率(%) | 好转(人) | 无效(人) | 有效率(%) |
150 | 110 | 73.3 | 29 | 11 | 92.7 |
有效率=(好转数+治愈数)/总数X100%,治愈率 = 治愈数/总数X100%。
由表可见,使用本人治疗过敏性鼻炎,治愈率为73.3%,较第一种实施例提高了6.6个百分点,有效率为92.7%,较第一种实施例提高了6个百分点,收到了意想不到的治疗效果。
并且服药期间的随访调查结果显示,受试者服药期间,为出现任何不良反应及毒副作用,追访复发者为2人。
第三种实施例:
在第二种实施例的基础上,所述原料药按重量份加入:所述的原料药按重量份加入:葶苈子1—3份、红花1—3份、旋复花1—6份、蛇蜕1—3份、蝉蜕1—3份、灵芝3—10份。即:鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—8份、石菖蒲1—6份、徐长卿1—7份,蔓荆子1—3份、白僵蚕1—3份、辛夷花3—9份、白藓皮1—8份、仙灵脾1—7份、仙鹤草1—6份,葶苈子1—3份、红花1—3份、旋复花1—6份、蛇蜕1—3份、蝉蜕1—3份、灵芝3—10份。
所述的上述药物按重量份制成散剂或制成水蜜丸剂。
(一)所述上述药物制成散剂的方法是:
取鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—4份、石菖蒲1—3份、徐长卿1—3份,蔓荆子1—3份、白僵蚕1—3份、辛夷花3—5份、白藓皮1—4份、仙灵脾1—3份、仙鹤草1—3份,葶苈子1—3份、红花1—3份、旋复花1—3份、蛇蜕1—3份、蝉蜕1—3份、灵芝3—5份,优选:鱼脑石5份、地龙2份、红景天3.5份、石菖蒲2份、徐长卿2份,蔓荆子2份、白僵蚕2份、辛夷花4份、白藓皮3.5份、仙灵脾2份、仙鹤草2份,葶苈子2份、红花2份、旋复花2份、蛇蜕2份、蝉蜕2份、灵芝4份,所述的鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂,与其他药物混合粉碎,过80目筛,制成散剂。
所述的仙灵脾,用防风水隔水蒸,待水沸腾,十分钟后,取出,取55度的纯粮白酒,55度的纯粮白酒与仙灵脾的重量份为1:10,与仙灵脾均匀混合,文火炒干,晾凉备用,所述的仙灵脾与防风的重量比为仙灵脾:防风=9—11:2,优选仙灵脾:防风=5:1。
所述的蛇蜕,用防风水隔水蒸,十分钟后,晾干备用,蛇蜕与防风的重量比为蛇蜕:防风=9—11:2。
(二)所述上述药物制成蜜丸的方法是:
(1)取鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—4份、石菖蒲1—3份、徐长卿1—3份,蔓荆子1—3份、白僵蚕1—3份、白藓皮1—4份、仙灵脾1—3份、仙鹤草1—3份,葶苈子1—3份、红花1—3份、旋复花1—3份、蛇蜕1—3份、蝉蜕1—3份、灵芝3—5份,优选:鱼脑石5份、地龙2份、红景天3.5份、石菖蒲2份、徐长卿2份,蔓荆子2份、白僵蚕2份、白藓皮3.5份、仙灵脾2份、仙鹤草2份,葶苈子2份、红花2份、旋复花2份、蛇蜕2份、蝉蜕2份、灵芝4份,所述的鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂,与其他药物混合粉碎,过80目筛,备用;
(2)按重量份取红景天3—4份,石菖蒲1—3份,徐长卿3—4份,辛夷花3—4份,白藓皮3—4份、仙灵脾3—4份,仙鹤草1—3份、旋覆花1—3份、灵芝5份,优选:红景天3.5份,石菖蒲2份,徐长卿3.5份,辛夷花3.5份,白藓皮3.5份、仙灵脾3.5份,仙鹤草2份、旋覆花2份、灵芝5份,加水,水浸过药材表面4—5cm,小火煎汤15min,放凉,过滤,滤渣再次放入水中,水浸过滤渣表面4—5cm,小火煎汤15min, 放凉,过滤,合并上述滤液,浓缩,得浓缩液,浓缩液的含水量为20%—30%;
(3)取蜂蜜3—7份,加热熬至沸腾后5分钟,晾凉,与所述的浓缩液混匀搅拌,制成蜜制浓缩液;
(4)将上述蜜制浓缩液与药粉混合,制成1.5—2cm大的水蜜丸。
所述的仙灵脾,用防风水隔水蒸,待水沸腾,十分钟后,取出,取55度的纯粮白酒,55度的纯粮白酒与仙灵脾的重量份为1:10,与仙灵脾均匀混合,文火炒干,晾凉备用,所述的仙灵脾与防风的重量比为仙灵脾:防风=9—11:2,优选仙灵脾:防风=5:1。
所述的蛇蜕,用防风水隔水蒸,十分钟后,晾干备用,蛇蜕与防风的重量比为蛇蜕:防风=9—11:2。优选蛇蜕:防风=10:2。
新增原料药简介:
葶苈子,别名:丁历、大适、大室;拉丁文名:Lepidium apetalum Willd.一年生或二年生草本,性味:辛;苦;寒。功能:泻肺降气;祛痰平喘;利水消肿;泄逐邪。
红花,为菊科植物红花CarthamustinctoriusL.的干燥花。具有活血通经,祛瘀止痛的功效。主治血滞经闭、痛经,产后瘀滞腹痛,癥瘕积聚,胸痹心痛,血瘀腹痛,胁痛,跌打损伤,瘀滞肿痛,瘀滞斑疹色暗
旋复花,又名:金佛花、金佛草等,拉丁学名:InulajaponicaThunb.菊科、旋覆花属多年生草本。为菊科植物旋覆花或欧亚旋覆花的花序。性味归经:味苦;辛;咸;微温。归肺;胃;大肠经。《神农本草经》:“主结气胁下满,惊悸。除水,去五脏间寒热,补中,下气。”现代研究,旋覆花对免疫性肝损伤有保护作用,其化学成分天人菊内酯有抗癌作用。其根及茎叶或地上部分亦可入药,治刀伤、疔毒,煎服可平喘镇咳。
蛇蜕,为游蛇科动物黑眉锦蛇ElphetaeniuraCope、锦蛇Elphecarinata(Guenther)或乌梢蛇Zaocysdhumnades(Cantor)多种蛇蜕下的表皮膜。具有祛风,定惊,退翳,解毒止痒的功效。主治惊风癫痫,翳障,喉痹,口疮,痈疽疔毒,瘰疬,皮肤瘙痒,白癜风等。
蝉蜕,为蝉科昆虫黑蚱的若虫羽化时脱落的皮壳。具有疏散风热,利咽开音,透疹,明目退翳,息风止痉功效。主治风热感冒,温病初起,咽痛喑哑,麻疹不透,风疹瘙痒,目赤翳障,急慢惊风,破伤风证。
灵芝,灵芝又称林中灵、琼珍(学名:Ganoderma Lucidum Karst)是多孔菌科真菌灵芝的子实体。具有补气安神、止咳平喘、延年益寿的功效。用于眩晕不眠、心悸气短、神经衰弱、虚劳咳喘。
蜂蜜,蜂蜜是蜜蜂从开花植物的花中采得的花蜜在蜂巢中酿制的蜜。具有清热,补中,润燥止痛解毒美容,养颜。
处方分析:鱼脑石为石首鱼科大黄鱼、小黄鱼的耳石,有消肿通淋之功,与泻肺平喘的葶苈子相伍,同时加活血化瘀的红景天、红花,更增强了消鼻肿,活血通气,化滞散结之功;辛夷花、石菖蒲开鼻窍、通肺气,可使鼻塞立通。蔓荆子、旋复花一升一降,化痰开结,以防诸药升散太过,九味药互配克畅通鼻气、消肿散结、止清涕、截喷嚏,同时止鼻痒,为本方治标之要药;仙灵脾温肾阳,灵芝补气益肺,仙鹤草又叫脱力草,不但止鼻血,同时补虚劳,益气血,功同黄芪;红景天入肺脾,甘平无毒,不但活血化瘀,同时补肺气,抗疲劳,四物配合可振奋阳气,增强人体抵御外邪之能力,是本方治本之要药,可大大减少过敏性鼻炎易复发、易反复的问题;蛇蜕、蝉蜕、僵蚕、地龙、徐长卿、白藓皮,六味药祛风止痒,活血通络,止痉息风,化痰散结,清热平喘,均有抗炎、抗过敏的作用。
制备方法分析:上述两种制备方法中,以水蜜丸为佳。散剂中,将鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂,目的易于粉碎的同时,增强药物在处方中的疗效(实验数据显示炒制的鱼脑石加入本处方中疗效高于生品),然后再与其他药物混合、粉碎、制成散剂,发挥疗效;水蜜丸的制备方法是根据各药的药性而研制出的适于本方的最好的制备方法,总体思路是:将处方中除了辛夷花以外的其他药物粉碎(因辛夷花粉碎会破坏其发挥疗效的成分),备用,而后为了更好的发挥药物的疗效,通过大量实验挑选,再选适当重量份红景天、石菖蒲、徐长卿、辛夷花、白藓皮、仙灵脾、仙鹤草、旋覆花、灵芝制成蜜制浓缩液,然后再与上述药粉混合,加蜂蜜,制得,因为在实验实践过程中发现本处方中的红景天、石菖蒲、徐长卿、辛夷花、白藓皮、仙灵脾、仙鹤草、旋覆花、灵芝的水煎液提取物中含有治疗本申请疾病的大量有效成分,但单独的制成散剂或制成水煎剂均不能产生上述最佳疗效,采用上述方法,并加蜂蜜调和药性,发挥了上述药物的最大疗效,取得了意想不到的效果。仙灵脾、蛇蜕用防风水、酒制备,其目的是降低毒性、增强疗效,这种方法为祖传秘方,虽然化学成分理论上暂无论证,但经过大量的临床经验显示,仙灵脾、蛇蜕,增强了其在处方中的疗效,与采用生品对比,治疗本病的总有效率可平均增加3—4个百分点。
用法用量:以含主药量计算(除辅料外),每日三次,每次4—6g,温水送服。
在本发明的药物的制备方法上,进行了大量的研究工作,包括将所述原料药制成汤剂、散剂、丸剂、片剂等多种剂型,经证实,制成散剂或水蜜丸剂效果较好,实验数据显示,制成水蜜丸的治疗效果高于制成散剂的治疗效果,其总有效率实验数据相对比:水蜜丸剂高于散剂3个百分点,其治愈率相对比:水蜜丸剂高于散剂4个百分点。
由于实验数据篇幅较大,现以治疗效果最好的水蜜丸剂为例,实验结果如下。
实验例简介:
2001年以来,在经过毒理实验未发现毒副作用的基础上,进行了大量的临床试用,均取得了满意的疗效。
临床诊断:依据《临床疾病诊断依据治愈好转标准》(第二版),中国人民解放军总后勤部卫生部编,主编:孙传兴。
一、过敏性鼻炎的诊断依据:
(一)过敏体质,有接触过敏原史。可分为常年性和季节性两种。
突然发作,阵发性鼻痒、鼻塞及连续打喷嚏,有大量水样分泌物。有时伴有哮喘,荨麻疹等。
(二)鼻腔及鼻甲粘膜苍白或灰白,水肿,中、下鼻甲尤为明显。常伴有中鼻甲及中鼻道息肉样变或鼻息肉。鼻腔有多量水样或稀薄粘性分泌物。
(三)鼻分泌物中可查到多量嗜酸性粒细胞,皮肤划痕试验可呈阳性反应。
二、治愈好转标准:
治愈:发作停止,鼻腔功能恢复。
好转:症状缓解,发作减少。
无效:无任何症状改变。
例数及治疗情况如下表:
受试者总数(人) | 治愈(人) | 治愈率(%) | 好转(人) | 无效(人) | 有效率(%) |
200 | 176 | 88 | 15 | 9 | 95.5 |
有效率=(好转数+治愈数)/总数X100%,治愈率 = 治愈数/总数X100%。
由表可见,使用本方治疗过敏性鼻炎治愈率为88%,较第二种实施例提高14.7个百分点,有效率为95.5%,较第二种实施例提高了2.8个百分点,收到了意想不到的治疗效果。
并且服药期间的随访调查结果显示,受试者服药期间,为出现任何不良反应及毒副作用,追访复发者为0人。
典型案例:(限于篇幅,仅列举下列几例。)
病例一:王某,35岁,**地医院护士,2012年就诊,患过敏性鼻炎,遍服抗过敏西药,还做过泼尼松鼻甲封闭,面部当归针穴位注射,激光手术,均未见明显效果,为控制过敏症状,只能用大剂量服用抗过敏药,结果每天昏昏欲睡,不能正常上班及维持正常生活,特别是自头一年夏季开始,病情日益加重,服用扑尔敏,赛庚啶的剂量达到5到16粒也无效,鼻内奇痒难忍,喷嚏连连,每隔15分钟就要擦鼻涕,痛苦不堪。
服用发明药物,三天之后喷嚏以及清水样鼻涕明显减少,继服两周之后,鼻痒,眼痒,全部消失,临床上达到治愈标准,又继服本品两个疗程,来电话告说,不但临床症状消失了,原来的神疲乏力,头晕,头胀也随之消失,现在觉得身体很舒服,很好,没有任何不适的感觉。至今追访,未见复发
病例二:胡某,出租车司机,男,患过敏性鼻炎已达十年,每年秋季及春季都要复发,打喷嚏,流鼻涕,鼻痒,鼻塞,状如感冒,曾在多家医院治疗,曾服用过,同仁堂产的辛芳鼻炎胶囊,及,鼻炎缓解药鼻炎康,鼻炎灵片,辛芩颗粒,西药罗红霉素,开瑞坦,依巴斯丁,洛美沙星,经常用地塞米松,曲安纳德以及糠酸莫米松喷鼻,时好时坏,于2013年就诊,服用本品,三天后症状好转,心情大悦,继续服用本品,一个疗程后,所有症状全部消失,又服三个疗程,至今追访末见复发
病例三:王某,女,28岁,大学本科毕业,某公司一白领,同年八月经胡某介绍,抱着试试看的态度,来我处诊治,自述患过敏性鼻炎,打喷嚏,流清水样鼻涕,鼻塞,伴有头晕头痛,四肢乏力,腰酸腿软,记忆减退掉头发,痛经,也历经多种治疗方法,曾经服过息斯敏,克敏,色甘酸钠酮替芬等药物,效果不佳,又多次做过脱敏治疗,并服用网上传说的,苍耳子油滴鼻,自用某专家推荐的过敏汤药如:防风九克,乌梅九克,银柴胡五克,五味子五克,连续服用月余,虽效果有所改善,近曰天气变化,又赶上单位加班,复感风寒,又再一次复发,鼻痒,头面痒,眼痒,耳朵痒,喷嚏连连,感觉很绝望,遂购买本品一个疗程,半个月为一个疗程,仅七天所有症状全部消失,后又服一个月,至今未复发。中间治疗没有服用其他任何药品及外用药。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药,其特征在于:所述中药是按重量份由以下原料药制成:鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—8份、石菖蒲1—6份、徐长卿1—7份,蔓荆子1—3份、白僵蚕1—3份、辛夷花3—9份、白藓皮1—8份、仙灵脾1—7份、仙鹤草1—6份,葶苈子1—3份、红花1—3份、旋复花1—6份、蛇蜕1—3份、蝉蜕1—3份、灵芝3—10份。
2.一种治疗过敏性鼻炎的中药的制备方法,其特征在于:
(1)取鱼脑石3—7份、地龙1—3份、红景天3—4份、石菖蒲1—3份、徐长卿1—3份,蔓荆子1—3份、白僵蚕1—3份、白藓皮1—4份、仙灵脾1—3份、仙鹤草1—3份,葶苈子1—3份、红花1—3份、旋复花1—3份、蛇蜕1—3份、蝉蜕1—3份、灵芝3—5份,所述的鱼脑石放于铁勺中大火煅至爆裂,与其他药物混合粉碎,过80目筛,备用;
所述的仙灵脾,用防风水隔水蒸,待水沸腾,十分钟后,取出,取55度的纯粮白酒,55度的纯粮白酒与仙灵脾的重量份为1:10,与仙灵脾均匀混合,文火炒干,晾凉备用,所述的仙灵脾与防风的重量比为仙灵脾:防风=9—11:2;
所述的蛇蜕,用防风水隔水蒸,十分钟后,晾干备用,蛇蜕与防风的重量比为蛇蜕:防风=9—11:2;
(2)按重量份取红景天3—4份,石菖蒲1—3份,徐长卿3—4份,辛夷花3—4份,白藓皮3—4份、仙灵脾3—4份,仙鹤草1—3份、旋覆花1—3份、灵芝5份,加水,水浸过药材表面4—5cm,小火煎汤15min,放凉,过滤,滤渣再次放入水中,水浸过滤渣表面4—5cm,小火煎汤15min, 放凉,过滤,合并上述滤液,浓缩,得浓缩液,浓缩液的含水量为20%—30%;
(3)取蜂蜜3—7份,加热熬至沸腾后5分钟,晾凉,与所述的浓缩液混匀搅拌,制成蜜制浓缩液;
(4)将上述蜜制浓缩液与药粉混合,制成1.5—2cm大的水蜜丸,晒干或烘干,消毒、分装即成。
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