CN108847108B - Craniocerebral model and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Craniocerebral model and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a craniocerebral model and a preparation method and application thereof. The model comprises an upper skull and a lower skull, the upper skull and the lower skull are detachably connected in a closed manner, a skull cavity is formed inside the upper skull and the lower skull, cortical brain tissue with a gully structure on the surface is arranged in the skull cavity, and blood vessels and nerves are distributed in the cortical brain tissue; the cortical brain tissue is made of a silicone elastomer. The craniocerebral model provided by the invention has the similar craniocerebral structure, cortical brain tissue, blood vessels and nerve components, can simulate the physical structure and touch of the real craniocerebral, can vividly and intuitively reproduce the anatomical structure of the craniocerebral, and can be widely used for the teaching of the craniocerebral structure in medicine, the simulation of the craniocerebral operation in clinic, the operation training and the operation training.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biomedicine, and particularly relates to a craniocerebral model and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of neurosurgical devices and techniques, a large number of intracranial diseases can be addressed by craniocerebral surgery. Most neurosurgeons today are surgically trained through computer simulation and autopsy. However, as the number of corpse heads is reduced and the cost is increased, the structure and the position in the cranium are changed after the corpse heads are stored, and the structure is easily deviated from the real human body structure. In addition, many craniocerebral diseases are specific, and corresponding surgical or teaching models or cadavers are hardly expressed really. Therefore, with the development of 3D printing technology in recent years, some tissues and organs of human body can be printed and formed in 3D, which is an important method for assisting a doctor to perform a surgical operation smoothly. However, the material capable of being used for 3D printing has limitations, and human tissues and organ models such as cortical brain tissue and the like obtained by directly adopting 3D printing have poor molding quality, and the performance of the model is far from the real structure and texture of a human body, so that the model cannot meet the clinical use requirements.
Therefore, a craniocerebral model which is similar to the actual craniocerebral structure and has a similar texture is developed, wherein the cortical brain tissue has a structure which is highly similar to the real brain tissue, and has softness, elasticity and tractability, so that the craniocerebral model can be applied to preoperative simulation, surgical planning or teaching and practicing, and has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the existing craniocerebral anatomical model, particularly the cortical brain tissue and the real human craniocerebral tissue in the existing craniocerebral anatomical model have larger structural and performance deviation, and provides a craniocerebral model. The craniocerebral model provided by the invention is similar to a real craniocerebral in physical structure and touch, wherein cortical brain tissues have structure, flexibility, elasticity and tractability which are highly similar to the real brain tissues, and can vividly and intuitively reproduce the anatomical structure of the craniocerebral, and the craniocerebral model is widely applied to teaching, craniocerebral operation simulation, training and operation practice of the craniocerebral structure.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the craniocerebral model.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a craniocerebral model comprises an upper skull and a lower skull, wherein the upper skull and the lower skull are detachably connected in a closed manner, a skull cavity is formed inside the upper skull and the lower skull, cortical brain tissue with a gully structure on the surface is arranged in the skull cavity, and blood vessels and nerves are distributed in the cortical brain tissue; the cortical brain tissue is made of a silicone elastomer.
The craniocerebral model provided by the invention has the craniocerebral structure similar to the real craniocerebral structure, cortical brain tissue, blood vessels and nerve components, wherein the surface of the cortical brain tissue has a gully structure, is made of a silica gel elastomer, has the flexibility, the elasticity and the tractability similar to the real brain tissue, can simulate the physical structure and the touch feeling of the real craniocerebral, can vividly and intuitively reproduce the anatomical structure of the craniocerebral, and is widely used for teaching, craniocerebral operation simulation, training and operation practice of the craniocerebral structure.
Preferably, the cortical brain tissue is prepared by a 3D printing technique in combination with a perfusion method. The method specifically comprises the steps of firstly preparing a cortical brain tissue mold which can be hermetically connected with a lower skull through a 3D printing technology, then hermetically connecting the cortical brain tissue mold with the lower skull, and then pouring a silica gel elastomer into a cavity to obtain the cortical brain tissue mold.
Preferably, the silica gel elastomer is prepared from a functional prepolymer and a vinyl silicone oil diluent, and the mass ratio of the functional prepolymer to the vinyl silicone oil diluent is 1: 0.8-1: 5, preferably 1: 3. The functional prepolymer is a composition of a silicon-hydrogen organopolysiloxane and a vinyl organopolysiloxane, and the mass ratio of the silicon-hydrogen organopolysiloxane to the vinyl organopolysiloxane in the composition is 5: 4-3: 2, preferably 6: 5. The elastic silica gel prepared by the formula is prepared into cortical brain tissue, and is more similar to real cortical brain tissue of a human body in elasticity, flexibility, touch and mechanical properties.
Preferably, the craniocerebral model further comprises lesion structures. More preferably, the focal structure is one or more of a brain tumor (e.g., a pituitary tumor), a hemangioma, an aneurysm, or a meningioma.
Preferably, the craniocerebral model further comprises a brain tumor and/or a meningioma, and the brain tumor and/or the meningioma is prepared by the following steps: and 3D printing to obtain a tumor mold, and then adopting silica gel or hydrogel to perform mold perfusion to obtain the tumor mold.
Preferably, the craniocerebral model further comprises hemangioma and/or aneurysm, and the hemangioma and/or aneurysm is prepared by the following process: 3D printing to obtain a tumor-carrying intravascular stent, then spin-coating a silica gel material on the tumor-carrying intravascular stent, and removing the tumor-carrying intravascular stent after the silica gel material is solidified to obtain a soft hollow tumor-carrying intravascular stent; and then fixing the soft hollow tumor-carrying blood vessel on the corresponding blood vessel position.
Preferably, meninges are arranged between the cortical brain tissue and the upper skull, and/or between the cortical brain tissue and the lower skull. More preferably, the meninges comprises dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater.
Further preferably, a subarachnoid space is formed between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater, and the subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid simulation fluid.
Preferably, the surface of the superior skull and/or inferior skull is covered with scalp.
Preferably, subcutaneous tissue and cap fascia are further arranged between the scalp and the upper skull and/or between the scalp and the lower skull in sequence.
Preferably, the inner surfaces of the superior and inferior craniums are provided with periosteum.
Preferably, the bottom of the cranial cavity is provided with a bone hole for passing through blood vessels and nerves.
The bone holes can be set into specific shapes and sizes according to actual needs.
Preferably, the superior and inferior craniums are made of a moldable material.
More preferably, the upper skull and the lower skull are made of the plastic material through light irradiation, glue adhesion or high-temperature extrusion and low-temperature curing molding.
Preferably, the plastic material is one or more of resin, gypsum, metal or high-temperature phase-change polymer.
Preferably, the resin is a photocurable resin; the high-temperature phase-change polymer is nylon or polylactic acid.
Preferably, the cortical brain tissue maximum load of the craniocerebral model is 20-50N, the tensile strength is 3-10 MPa, the elastic modulus is 5-10 MPa, and the elongation at break is 200-500%.
Preferably, the superior skull and the inferior skull are fixedly connected through a groove and a snap or fixedly connected through a hinge.
Preferably, the blood vessels, nerves and lower skull are integrally formed by 3D printing.
The preparation method of the craniocerebral model comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing an upper skull and a lower skull which are detachably connected in a closed manner, and blood vessels and nerves by a 3D printing technology, wherein the blood vessels and the nerves are fixedly connected with the lower skull;
s2: preparing a cortical brain tissue mold which can be closely connected with the inferior skull, wherein the cortical brain tissue mold has a concave-convex structure opposite to the gully of cortical brain tissue;
s3: connecting the cortical brain tissue mold with a lower skull in a closed manner to form a cavity, pouring a silica gel elastomer into the cavity, and removing the cortical brain tissue mold after curing;
s4: and (4) connecting the upper skull with the lower skull in a closed manner to obtain the craniocerebral model.
The invention provides a method for preparing a craniocerebral model by combining a 3D printing technology and a mould perfusion technology. The 3D printing technology is a new technology and is gradually applied to the printing and forming of human tissues and organs, but the material capable of being used for 3D printing has limitations, the cortical brain tissue forming quality obtained by directly adopting 3D printing is poor, the performance of the cortical brain tissue forming technology is far from the real structure and texture of a human body, and the clinical use requirements cannot be met. The cortical brain tissue is prepared by combining a 3D printing technology with a perfusion mode. The method specifically comprises the steps of firstly preparing a cortical brain tissue mold which can be hermetically connected with a lower skull through a 3D printing technology, then hermetically connecting the cortical brain tissue mold with the lower skull, and then pouring a silica gel elastomer into a cavity to obtain the cortical brain tissue mold. The internal structure of the cranium can be simulated more truly, and the touch feeling is more real and vivid.
In order to reduce the generation of internal bubbles when the cortical brain tissue material is cured after being perfused, it is preferable to perform the curing in the negative pressure environment in S3.
Preferably, the lower skull, blood vessels, and nerves in step S1 are integrally formed by 3D printing.
Preferably, the cortical brain tissue mold in step S2 is made by a 3D printing technique.
For clinical application, the craniocerebral model further comprises a lesion structure, preferably, the lesion structure is one or more of a brain tumor (such as pituitary tumor), hemangioma, aneurysm or meningioma.
Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of preparing a brain tumor and/or meningioma mold, fixing the brain tumor and/or meningioma mold in the cavity in S3, and then pouring a brain tumor and/or meningioma preparation material into the brain tumor and/or meningioma mold; preferably, the brain tumor and/or meningioma mold is obtained by 3D printing.
Preferably, the tumor preparation material is an aqueous solution of substances such as gelatin or sodium alginate, agar and the like, and the mass fraction is 5-40%, preferably 20%. Can be adjusted to the specific tumor.
Preferably, S3 further includes the steps of preparing a hemangioma and/or an aneurysm, fixing the hemangioma and/or the aneurysm to the corresponding blood vessel, and perfusing the hemangioma and/or the aneurysm with the silicone elastomer, wherein the process for preparing the hemangioma and/or the aneurysm is as follows: 3D printing to obtain a tumor-carrying intravascular stent, then spin-coating a silica gel material on the tumor-carrying intravascular stent, and removing the tumor-carrying intravascular stent after the silica gel material is solidified to obtain a soft hollow tumor-carrying intravascular stent; and then fixing the soft hollow tumor-carrying blood vessel to the corresponding blood vessel position.
Preparing a tumor-carrying intravascular stent by a 3D printing technology, then spin-coating a silica gel material on the tumor-carrying intravascular stent, removing the tumor-carrying intravascular stent after the material is solidified to obtain a soft hollow blood vessel carrying hemangioma and/or aneurysm, and then fixing the soft hollow blood vessel carrying hemangioma and/or aneurysm to a corresponding position in a bonding or nesting mode. The corresponding location refers to the location of the hemangioma and/or aneurysm on the vessel/artery seen by medical imaging and three-dimensional reconstruction. The elasticity and toughness of the blood vessel of the diseased part of the obtained craniocerebral model are closer to the elasticity and toughness of a real blood vessel, and operations such as clamping, intervention and the like of hemangioma and/or aneurysm can be simulated.
Preferably, the preparation material silica gel for hemangioma and aneurysm is prepared from a functional prepolymer and a vinyl silicone oil diluent according to a mass ratio of 0.8: 1-4: 1, preferably 2:1, wherein the functional prepolymer is a composition of silicon-hydrogen organopolysiloxane and vinyl organopolysiloxane; the mass ratio of the silicon-hydrogen organopolysiloxane to the vinyl organopolysiloxane in the composition is 5: 4-3: 2, and preferably 6: 5.
In order to make the brain model closer to the real brain, parts such as scalp, subcutaneous tissue, cap fascia, periosteum, meninges and the like can be prepared.
Wherein the scalp, the subcutaneous tissue and the cap fascia are obtained by coating silica gel materials on the surface of the upper skull and/or the lower skull layer by layer; the periosteum and/or meninges are obtained by coating the inner surface of the upper skull and/or the lower skull with a silica gel material. Preferably, the meninges comprises a dura mater, a arachnoid mater and a pia mater, and is prepared by coating the silica gel material layer by layer, wherein the pia mater has a thickness which is one tenth of that of the dura mater.
Preferably, the preparation material silica gel for the scalp is prepared from a functional prepolymer and a vinyl silicone oil diluent according to a mass ratio of 0.8: 1-4: 1, preferably 2: 1; the preparation material of the subcutaneous tissue is silica gel, and is prepared from a functional prepolymer and a vinyl silicone oil diluent according to a mass ratio of 1: 6-1: 1, preferably 1: 4; the cap-shaped fascia preparation material silica gel is prepared from a functional prepolymer and a vinyl silicone oil diluent according to a mass ratio of 0.8: 1-4: 1, preferably 2: 1; the periosteum preparation material silica gel is prepared from a functional prepolymer and a vinyl silicone oil diluent according to a mass ratio of 1: 3-3: 1, preferably 1: 1; the preparation material silica gel of the dura mater is prepared from a functional prepolymer and a vinyl silicone oil diluent according to a mass ratio of 0.8: 1-4: 1, preferably 2: 1; the arachnoid preparation material silica gel is prepared from a functional prepolymer and a vinyl silicone oil diluent according to a mass ratio of 1: 3-3: 1, preferably 1: 1; the preparation material silica gel for the pia mater is prepared from a functional prepolymer and a vinyl silicone oil diluent according to a mass ratio of 0.8: 1-4: 1, preferably 1: 1. Wherein the functional prepolymer is a composition of silicon-hydrogen organopolysiloxane and vinyl organopolysiloxane; the mass ratio of the silicon-hydrogen organopolysiloxane to the vinyl organopolysiloxane in the composition is 5: 4-3: 2, and preferably 6: 5. The tissue made by selecting the above materials is highly similar in physical properties and touch to the corresponding real human tissue.
The cerebrospinal fluid simulation solution is a glucose aqueous solution, and the mass concentration of the glucose aqueous solution is 450-750 mg/L, preferably 600 mg/L.
Preferably, the mold in S3 is removed by direct mold removal or solvent dissolution.
Similarly, other molds of the present invention, such as lesion structure molds, vascular stents, etc., may be removed directly or by solvent dissolution.
The application of the craniocerebral model in medical teaching and training, clinical preoperative simulation, operation planning or operation drilling is also within the protection scope of the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the craniocerebral model provided by the invention comprises an upper cranium, a lower cranium, cortical brain tissues, blood vessels, nerves and other components, wherein the cortical brain tissues are made of silica gel elastomer materials, are similar to the real craniocerebral in physical structure and touch sense, can vividly and intuitively reproduce the anatomical structure of the craniocerebral, and are widely used for teaching, craniocerebral operation simulation, training and operation practice of the craniocerebral structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a model of a cranium without the superior skull;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a craniocerebral model that does not contain cortical brain tissue;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the lower skull containing blood vessels and nerves;
fig. 4 is a picture of cortical brain tissue.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" or "mounted on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a craniocerebral model comprises an upper skull and a lower skull, wherein the upper skull and the lower skull are in closed connection through a groove in the section of the upper skull and a clamping protrusion in which the section of the lower skull is matched with the groove, a skull cavity is formed inside the upper skull and the lower skull, cortical brain tissue with a gully structure on the surface is arranged in the skull cavity, blood vessels and nerves are distributed in the cortical brain tissue, and the cortical brain tissue is made of a silica gel elastomer.
The cortical brain tissue is made of a silica gel elastomer, the silica gel elastomer is prepared from a functional prepolymer and a vinyl silicone oil diluent, and the mass ratio of the functional prepolymer to the vinyl silicone oil diluent is 1: 3; the functional prepolymer is a composition of silicon-hydrogen organic polysiloxane and vinyl organic polysiloxane, and the mass ratio of the silicon-hydrogen organic polysiloxane to the vinyl organic polysiloxane in the composition is 6: 5.
The craniocerebral model of the embodiment may further include the following structures: the surface of the upper skull and the lower skull is covered with scalp, and subcutaneous tissue and cap fascia are sequentially arranged between the scalp and the upper skull and between the scalp and the lower skull; periosteum is arranged on the inner surfaces of the upper skull and the lower skull, meninges are arranged between cortical brain tissue and the upper skull and between the cortical brain tissue and the lower skull, each meninge comprises a dura mater, a arachnoid membrane and a pia mater, a subarachnoid cavity is arranged between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater, and cerebrospinal fluid simulation liquid is contained in the subarachnoid cavity; the cortical brain tissue is also provided with a focus structure which is brain tumor.
The preparation method of the craniocerebral model comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring a brain image through a three-dimensional image, performing three-dimensional reconstruction, respectively arranging matched grooves and clamping protrusions on the sections of the upper and lower craniums, and preparing the upper cranium, the lower cranium, blood vessels and nerves by using a 3D printing technology; printing a blood vessel stent of a diseased region, coating silica gel on the blood vessel stent, and dissolving the blood vessel stent by using a solvent after the silica gel is solidified to remove the blood vessel stent, thereby obtaining a soft hollow blood vessel; the soft hollow blood vessel is connected to the lesion part of the existing blood vessel of the lower skull in a replacement way by nesting or bonding; wherein the upper and lower skull are printed by light-cured resin or plaster, the blood vessel and the blood vessel stent are printed by light-cured resin, and the nerve is printed by light-cured resin;
s2: preparing a cortical brain tissue mold and a brain tumor mold which can be in closed connection with the lower skull by a 3D printing technology, wherein the cortical brain tissue mold has a concave-convex structure opposite to gully of cortical brain tissue;
s3: connecting a cortical brain tissue mold with a lower skull in a closed manner to form a cavity, placing a brain tumor mold in the cavity, pouring gelatin into the brain tumor mold, optionally removing the mold, and preferably removing the brain tumor mold by solvent dissolution or cutting after solidification; then, a silica gel elastomer is poured into the cavity, and after solidification, the cortical brain tissue mould is removed through solvent dissolution or demoulding;
s4: sequentially coating three layers of silica gel on the outer surfaces of the upper and lower craniums to sequentially prepare cap-shaped fascia, subcutaneous tissues and scalps; coating silica gel on the inner surface of the upper skull and/or the lower skull to prepare periosteum; coating silica gel on one side of the periosteum facing to the brain tissue to obtain a meninges;
s5: and (4) connecting the upper skull and the lower skull in a closed manner to obtain the craniocerebral model.
The cortical brain tissue maximum load of the craniocerebral model is 20-50N, the tensile strength is 3-10 MPa, the elastic modulus is 5-10 MPa, and the elongation at break is 200-500%.
The craniocerebral model provided by the invention has the similar craniocerebral structure, cortical brain tissue, blood vessels, nerve components and the like, can simulate the physical structure and touch of the real craniocerebral, can vividly and intuitively reproduce the anatomical structure of the craniocerebral, and is widely used for teaching of the craniocerebral structure, simulation of craniocerebral operations, training and operation practice.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. The craniocerebral model is characterized by comprising an upper skull and a lower skull, wherein the upper skull and the lower skull are detachably connected in a closed manner, a skull cavity is formed inside the upper skull and the lower skull, cortical brain tissue with a gully structure on the surface is arranged in the skull cavity, and blood vessels and nerves are distributed in the cortical brain tissue; the cortical brain tissue is made of a silica gel elastomer;
the silicone elastomer is prepared from a functional prepolymer and a vinyl silicone oil diluent, and the mass ratio of the functional prepolymer to the vinyl silicone oil diluent is 1: 0.8-1: 5; the functional prepolymer is a composition of silicon-hydrogen organic polysiloxane and vinyl organic polysiloxane, and the mass ratio of the silicon-hydrogen organic polysiloxane to the vinyl organic polysiloxane in the composition is 5: 4-3: 2;
the cortical brain tissue is prepared by combining a 3D printing technology with a perfusion mode, the maximum load of the cortical brain tissue is 20-50N, the tensile strength is 3-10 MPa, the elastic modulus is 5-10 MPa, and the elongation at break is 200-500%.
2. The craniocerebral model of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the functional prepolymer to the vinyl silicone oil diluent is 1: 3.
3. The craniocerebral model of claim 1 further comprising lesion structures; the focus structure is one or more of brain tumor, hemangioma, aneurysm or meningioma.
4. The craniocerebral model of claim 3 further comprising a brain tumor and/or meningioma prepared by: and 3D printing to obtain a tumor mold, and then adopting silica gel or hydrogel to perform mold perfusion to obtain the tumor mold.
5. The craniocerebral model of claim 3 further comprising a hemangioma and/or an aneurysm; the hemangioma and/or aneurysm is prepared by the following process: 3D printing to obtain a tumor-carrying intravascular stent, then spin-coating a silica gel material on the tumor-carrying intravascular stent, and removing the tumor-carrying intravascular stent after the silica gel material is solidified to obtain a soft hollow tumor-carrying intravascular stent; and then fixing the soft hollow tumor-carrying blood vessel on the corresponding blood vessel position.
6. The craniocerebral model of claim 1, wherein periosteum and/or meninges are provided between the cortical brain tissue and the superior skull and/or between the cortical brain tissue and the inferior skull.
7. The craniocerebral model of claim 6, wherein meninges are disposed between the cortical brain tissue and the superior skull and/or between the cortical brain tissue and the inferior skull; the meninges include dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater; and a subarachnoid space is arranged between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater, and cerebrospinal fluid simulation liquid is contained in the subarachnoid space.
8. The craniocerebral model of claim 1 wherein the surface of the superior skull and/or inferior skull is covered with a scalp.
9. The craniocerebral model of claim 8 wherein subcutaneous tissue and the aponeurosis of the aponeurosis are sequentially disposed between the scalp and the superior skull and/or between the scalp and the inferior skull.
10. A method of producing a craniocerebral model according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
s1: preparing an upper skull and a lower skull which are detachably connected in a closed manner, and blood vessels and nerves by a 3D printing technology, wherein the blood vessels and the nerves are fixedly connected with the lower skull;
s2: preparing a cortical brain tissue mold which can be closely connected with the inferior skull, wherein the cortical brain tissue mold has a concave-convex structure opposite to the gully of cortical brain tissue;
s3: connecting the cortical brain tissue mold with a lower skull in a closed manner to form a cavity, pouring a silica gel elastomer into the cavity, and removing the cortical brain tissue mold after curing;
s4: and (4) connecting the upper skull and the lower skull in a closed manner to obtain the craniocerebral model.
11. The method for preparing a craniocerebral model according to claim 10, wherein the lower skull, blood vessels and nerves in the step S1 are integrally formed by 3D printing; and/or, the cortical brain tissue mold in step S2 is made by a 3D printing technique.
12. The method for preparing a craniocerebral model according to claim 10, further comprising the steps of preparing a brain tumor and/or meningioma mold, fixing the brain tumor and/or meningioma mold in the cavity of S3, and pouring a brain tumor and/or meningioma preparation material into the brain tumor and/or meningioma mold.
13. Method for producing a craniocerebral model according to claim 12, wherein the brain tumor and/or meningioma molds are obtained by 3D printing.
14. The method for preparing a craniocerebral model according to claim 10, wherein the step of S3 further comprises preparing hemangiomas and/or aneurysms, fixing the blood vessels carrying the hemangiomas and/or aneurysms at the corresponding blood vessel positions, and then perfusing the blood vessels with a silica gel elastomer, wherein the process for preparing the hemangiomas and/or aneurysms comprises: 3D printing to obtain a tumor-carrying intravascular stent, then spin-coating a silica gel material on the tumor-carrying intravascular stent, and removing the tumor-carrying intravascular stent after the silica gel material is solidified to obtain a soft hollow tumor-carrying intravascular stent; and then fixing the soft hollow tumor-carrying blood vessel to the corresponding blood vessel position.
15. The method for preparing a craniocerebral model according to claim 10, further comprising the step of preparing periosteum and/or meninges, wherein the periosteum and/or meninges are obtained by coating the inner surface of the upper skull and/or the lower skull with a silica gel material.
16. The method for preparing a craniocerebral model according to claim 10, further comprising the steps of preparing the scalp, the subcutaneous tissue and the cap fascia, wherein the scalp, the subcutaneous tissue and the cap fascia are all obtained by coating the surface of the upper skull and/or the lower skull with a silica gel material layer by layer.
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