CN108846155A - Architectural engineering electrical load center vector calculation method and substations ' design method - Google Patents
Architectural engineering electrical load center vector calculation method and substations ' design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of architectural engineering electrical load center vector calculation methods to obtain the best theoretical position of electric substation using minimum load moments method quantum chemical method electrical load center, specifically includes the calculating premise that (1) sets the calculation method：Electric wiring is laid according to three axis；(2) for the system of incomplete equilibrium, according to the coordinate points (x at longitude and latitude column optimum load center off the net, y, z) by the rule in the corresponding coordinate points of axis for respectively falling in certain loads, in addition to the system of complete equipilibrium, in coordinate system one group of load decomposition to three axis, find a point, the sum of load moment on all loads to this point is minimum, to which this point obtained is exactly the optimum load center of system, coordinate points correspond to the best theoretical position of electric substation.Also disclose the substations ' design method based on the method, determine the electric substation's powering area and load capacity of science, it is excessive to overcome substation capacity, individual capacity is excessive, system is excessively concentrated, the problem of energy loss, forms the system power supply thinking of multiple low capacity electric substation power supplies in conjunction with power load distributing state.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of power systems, more particularly to a kind of electrical load center vector calculation method and
The method for determining electric substation's quantity and position according to the calculation method.
Background technique
Substations ' design belongs to design of electrical system, its object is to set up suitable electrical system by load Analysis,
The smallest total load square of system is searched out, to reach energy saving purpose.Usually, in load center, distribution will can be reduced set by power transformation
Loss, line drop minimize, i.e. electric energy efficiency highest.The substations ' design of the past has the disadvantage that：
It (1) is only qualitatively analysis, not quantitative calculating for load center；
(2) even if there is rough quantitative calculating, the accuracy of method be also have it is to be determined.
Specifically, whether the prior art actually should be according to the phase of load usually using load gravity model appoach, load center
Center of gravity is calculated, needs to make a concrete analysis of.
1) load gravity model appoach：What is proposed in IEC 60364-8 annex is center of the center of gravity as load of load.Such as Fig. 1
Shown, the capacity of the load in region and position are respectively：
L1(x1,y1,z1)；L2(x2,y2,z2),；L3(x3,y3,z3)….
Then load center coordinate position is:
(X, Y, Z)=(L1* (x1, y1, z1)+L2* (x2, y2, z2)+L3* (x3, y3, z3))+...)/(L+L2+L3
+...)
It is shown from Fig. 1 analysis when three loads are equal, load center is on barycenter oftriangle.It is specific to calculate
It is as follows：
Electricity consumption is respectively the load of 3 80kWh in one plane, calculates their load center, sees Fig. 1：
Load L1:80kWh(1,1,0),
Load L2:80kWh(9,9,0)
Load L3:80kWh(20,5,0)
Load center coordinate：
(x, y, z)=(figure is seen in 80* (1,1,0)+80* (9,9,0)+80* (20,5,0)/(80+80+80)=(10,5,0)
1B point.
It is shown from Fig. 2 analysis when three load differences, load center considers the different capabilities of load, triangle
Position of centre of gravity adjusted.Specific calculating is as follows：
With 3 different loads of electricity calculate their load center of gravity, see Fig. 2：
Load L1:80kWh(1,1,0)
Load L2:80kWh(9,9,0)
Load L3:320kWh(20,5,0)
The load center coordinate is：
(x, y, z)=(80* (1,1,0)+80* (9,9,0)+320* (20,5,0)/(80+80+320)=(15,5,0)
See Fig. 2 B point.
It is shown from the analysis of attached drawing 1 when three loads are equal, load center is on barycenter oftriangle.
It is shown in the analysis of attached drawing 2 when three load differences, load center considers the different capabilities of load, triangle
Position of centre of gravity adjusted.
Referring to Fig. 1 and 3, still using triangle load above as example, when three apex loads are identical, if according to center of gravity
Method, then load center should be in B point (10,5,0), but if considering that the sum of the distance on 1 point to three vertex is most short, it should be
The Fermat point A point (9.1247,8.4361,0) of this triangle.Therefore it can prove that focus point B is not three vertex of distance
Distance and shortest point A point.Only triangular center of gravity point just can be overlapped with Fermat point.
Again by taking the example on a number axis as an example, referring to fig. 4, if respectively having load L1, L2 on number axis in two o'clock, when two negative
When lotus is equal, load center according to the intuition of those skilled in the art at the center of two o'clock, if L2 load is 4 times of L1,
Then load center should be at closer from L2 1/4.Actually if load is the same in two o'clock, in fact electric substation be located at L1,
Any point effect between L2 is the same, if two point loads are different, electric substation is located on the big L2 of load, without
It is at closer from L2 1/4, referring to Fig. 5.
Load center is usually total load square minimum point, but is seen by the explanation of attached drawing 1-5, current load
Center calculation method (namely gravity model appoach) is not total load square minimum, therefore it can be concluded that, calculate the center of electrical load not
It should go to calculate according to gravity model appoach.
In addition, the design for electric substation, the position of electric substation determines length and the section of low-voltage distribution system cable
Product, past way are the areas by building, the factors such as the distribution of load and demand power determine electric substation position and
Quantity, the association between these factors is complicated and is difficult to calculate, and the stasiofax algorithm at the center of traditional calculating electrical load
It is inaccurate, it is impossible to be used in instruct the design of electric substation.
Therefore, it is necessary to new methods to determine electrical load center.
Summary of the invention
Accordingly, minimum load moments method is inventors herein proposed, namely a kind of new vector calculation method should be found, finds one
A point：The load of each load to this point multiplies in the sum of distance (load moment) minimum, and removes nonsystematic complete equipilibrium, minimum load
The coordinate of square is always fallen on the load number axis coordinate of some load.
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that providing a kind of architectural engineering
Electrical load center vector calculation method and substations ' design method based on this method, building used in the design method
The vector calculation method of engineering electrical load center according to system minimum load square calculate obtain, by electric substation's specific load away from
Comparison, determine the electric substation's powering area and load capacity of science, it is excessive to overcome current substation capacity, transformer separate unit
The problem of capacity is excessive, and system is excessively concentrated, and causes energy loss forms multiple low capacity power transformations in conjunction with power load distributing state
The system power supply thinking powered.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for determining the electrical load center of architectural engineering, feature exists
In including the following steps：Find a point, the sum of the load moment on all loads to this point be it is the smallest, this point is
For the electrical load center of architectural engineering.
Preferably, the method is vector calculation method, and the step includes：
(1) be mostly according to existing structure longitude and latitude column web form feature, set the calculating premise of the calculation method：Electrically
Route is laid according to three axis；
(2) for the system of incomplete equilibrium, will divide according to the coordinate points (x, y, z) at longitude and latitude column optimum load center off the net
The rule in the corresponding coordinate points of axis of certain loads is not fallen in, and in addition to the system of complete equipilibrium, one group of load decomposition is arrived
In the coordinate system of three axis x-axis, y-axis or z-axis, a point is found, the sum of the load moment on all loads to this aspect is most
Small, so that this point obtained is exactly electrical load center, coordinate points correspond to the best theoretical position of electric substation.
The object of the invention is also to provide set by a kind of power transformation based on architectural engineering electrical load center calculation method
Meter method, includes the following steps：
(1) go out electrical load center using the method quantum chemical method, be included in the architectural engineering and find a point, institute
The sum of load moment on electrical load to this point be it is the smallest, which is electrical load center, be electric substation most
Good theoretical position；
(2) according to above-mentioned electrical load center and the different power supply areas of division, more set electric substation's allocation plans are designed,
Each load in electric substation region in each allocation plan is calculated to the total load square and average load of electric substation away from assessing designed
The economy of electric substation determines final electric substation's quantity and position.
Preferably, the step (1) electrical load refers to that 1 year electricity consumption of electrical equipment, the electricity consumption include to set
Standby duty, duty, short time duty and instantaneous duty when the duty includes long.
Preferably, the step (1) includes：
(1-1) utilizes Building Information Model system (BIM), and positioning each distribution box is to use electrical nodes；
(1-2) is tentatively powered Regional Differentiation, being sweared with electrical nodes by architectural engineering electrical load center in region
Calculation method quantum chemical method is measured, the load center coordinate in theoretical region, that is, the best theoretical position of electric substation are obtained,
It the position of practical electric substation in principle should be as far as possible close to the coordinate position of load center.
Preferably, the economy standard of the step (2) is：Load more concentrates on electrical load center, then system
For average load away from smaller, system energy consumption is lower；The difference of electric substation position and quantity brings the total load square of whole building not
Together；The identical system of load, total load square is smaller, and system is compacter；Wherein the average load is away from being defined as in electrical system
Each load is to the average distance of supply terminals, the i.e. quotient of total load square and total load.
Preferably, stating step (2) economy element includes：(1) construction area is arranged and adds a point power transformation with polycentric
Tradeoff；System transformer number of units, transformer substation's loading switch cabinet quantity, high-tension cell quantity bring economic cost；It is low
Voltage cable reduces bring cost savings.
Preferably, the more sets of plan of the step (2) include the position of different electric substation's quantity and electric substation.
Preferably, the design method does not consider load of meeting an urgent need.
The object of the invention is also to provide a kind of architectural engineering, the power transformation including the design of the method according to the present invention
Institute.
According to the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will be brighter
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Some specific embodiments of the present invention is described in detail by way of example and not limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings hereinafter.
Identical appended drawing reference denotes same or similar part or part in attached drawing.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these
What attached drawing was not necessarily drawn to scale.Target and feature of the invention will be apparent from view of following description taken together with the accompanying drawings,
In attached drawing：
Attached drawing 1 is to be illustrated according to the gravity model appoach under the load capacity same case of the prior art.
Attached drawing 2 is to be illustrated according to the gravity model appoach under the load capacity different situations of the prior art.
Attached drawing 3 is the diagram according to Fermat point under load moments method most short under load capacity same case of the present invention；
Attached drawing 4 be according under load capacity same case on the number axis of the prior art and load capacity different situations under center of gravity
The load center diagram that method obtains respectively；
Attached drawing 5 be according to the present invention on number axis under load capacity same case and load capacity different situations under minimal negative
The load center diagram that lotus moments method obtains respectively；
Attached drawing 6 is to be obtained according under the load capacity same case of the embodiment of the present invention according to longitude and latitude column net minimum load moments method
The load center diagram obtained；
Attached drawing 7 is to be obtained according under the load capacity different situations of the embodiment of the present invention according to longitude and latitude column net minimum load moments method
The load center diagram obtained.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to each reality of the invention
The mode of applying is explained in detail.However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that in each embodiment of the present invention,
In order to make the reader understand this application better, many technical details are proposed.But even if without these technical details and base
In the various changes and modifications of following embodiment, each claim of the application technical side claimed also may be implemented
Case.
(1) load moment：One electrical load conveys a distance and the function that generates, load with apart from product；
(2) the total load moment of system：One electrical system, the sum of the load moment of each load to supply terminals；
(3) average load away from：One electrical system, the average distance of each load to supply terminals, i.e. system total load square with
The quotient of the total load of system.
A kind of architectural engineering electrical load center vector calculation method used in the examples, includes the following steps：
(1) be mostly according to existing structure longitude and latitude column web form feature, set the calculating premise of the calculation method：Electrically
Route is laid according to three axis；
(2) for the system of incomplete equilibrium, will divide according to the coordinate points (x, y, z) at longitude and latitude column optimum load center off the net
The rule in the corresponding coordinate points of axis of certain loads is not fallen in, and in addition to the system of complete equipilibrium, one group of load decomposition is arrived
In the coordinate system of three axis x-axis, y-axis or z-axis, a point is found, the sum of the load moment on all loads to this point is
The smallest, so that this point obtained is exactly the optimum load center of system, coordinate points correspond to the best reason of electric substation
By position.
The design process of electric substation be carried out based on above-mentioned architectural engineering electrical load center vector calculation method, and
Design method does not consider load of meeting an urgent need, and includes the following steps：
(1) architectural engineering electrical load center vector calculation method quantum chemical method electrical load center, the building are utilized
Engineering electrical load center vector calculation method can find a point, the sum of the load moment on all electrical loads to this point
Be it is the smallest, which is electrical load center, i.e. the best theoretical position of electric substation, and electrical load refers to electrical equipment 1 year
Electricity consumption, the electricity consumption include the duty of equipment, duty, short time duty and instantaneous work when the duty includes long
It makes, including：
(1-1) utilizes Building Information Model system (BIM), and positioning each distribution box is to use electrical nodes；
(1-2) is tentatively powered Regional Differentiation, being sweared with electrical nodes by architectural engineering electrical load center in region
Calculation method quantum chemical method is measured, the load center coordinate in theoretical region, that is, the best theoretical position of electric substation are obtained,
It the position of practical electric substation in principle should be as far as possible close to the coordinate position of load center；
(2) more set electric substation's allocation plans are designed according to the different power supply areas of division, including different electric substation's quantity
And the position of electric substation, calculate electric substation region each load to electric substation in each allocation plan the total load moment of system and
The average load of electric substation is away from assessing the economy of designed electric substation, determine final electric substation's quantity and position.
Wherein, economy standard is：Load more concentrates on electrical load center, then the average load of system is away from smaller,
System energy consumption is lower；The different number of electric substation, the total load moment of the system of whole building are different；The identical system of load is
Uniting, total load moment is smaller, and system is compacter；Wherein the average load of the system is away from being defined as electrical system, and each load is to supplying
The average distance of electricity point, the i.e. quotient of system total load square and the total load of system.
And economy element includes：(1) construction area and polycentric setting and the tradeoff for adding transformer substation；System becomes
Depressor number of units, transformer substation's loading switch cabinet quantity, high-tension cell quantity bring economic cost；Low-voltage cable reduces bring
Cost savings.
Most short load moments method employed in calculating is using the triangle load of attached drawing 1-3 as the embodiment calculated.More
Detailed calculating process referring to background technology part, conclusion be when three apex loads it is identical, if according to gravity model appoach,
Load center should be in B point, but if considering that the sum of the distance on 1 point to three vertex is most short, it should be the expense of this triangle
Horse point A point.Therefore it can prove that focus point B is not three vertex distances of distance and shortest point A point.Only equilateral triangle
Focus point just can be overlapped with Fermat point.
Referring to attached Figure 4 and 5, if respectively having load L1, L2 on number axis in two o'clock, when two loads are equal, electric substation is located at
Any point effect between L1, L2 is the same, if two point loads are different, electric substation is located on the big L2 of load,
Rather than on the position closer from L2.
Be axial laying based on line arrangement, referring to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, analyze first three initial equivalent loads 80 (1,1,
0), 80 (9,9,0), 80 (20,5,0) analysis, with the load Analysis in X-axis, optimum load center should be in 9 position.With Y
Load Analysis on axis, optimum load center should be in 5 position.Optimum load center A ' coordinate is (9,5,0).It can see
Optimum load central point is because longitude and latitude column net is transferred to A ' point (9,5,0) from A point (9.1247,8.4361,0) out.Three are analyzed again
A inequality load 80 (1,1,0), 80 (9,9,0), 320 (20,5,0) analysis, with the load Analysis in X-axis, in optimum load
The heart should be in 20 position.With the load Analysis in Y-axis, optimum load center should be in 5 position.Optimum load center
A ' coordinate is (20,5,0), in this way, actual optimum load center is A ' in three loads of a plane.
The coordinate points that Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 can be seen that longitude and latitude column optimum load center off the net will respectively fall in the axis of certain loads
In the corresponding coordinate points of line.In addition to the system of complete equipilibrium.Our coordinate systems one group of load decomposition to three axis in this way
In, can find out, some point on other loads on this point distance and be the smallest.This point be exactly system most
Good load center.
Calculate three equivalent loads 80 (1,1,0), 80 (9,9,0), 80 (20,5,0) minimum load square be：
X-axis (9-1) * 80+ (9-9) * 80+ (20-9) * 80=1520kWm
Y-axis (5-1) * 80+ (9-5) * 80+ (5-5) * 80=640kWm
Total minimum load square：2160kWm
Average load away from：2160/240=9m
Calculate the load 80 (1,1,0) of three inequalities, the minimum load square of 80 (9,9,0), 320 (20,5,0)
For：
X-axis (20-1) * 80+ (20-9) * 80+ (20-20) * 320=2400kWm
Y-axis (5-1) * 80+ (9-5) * 80+ (5-5) * 320=640kWm
Total minimum load square：3040kWm
Average load away from：3040/480=6.333m
Second embodiment, for 50,000 square metres of construction area, a power transformation is respectively adopted in the system of load capacity 3280
And the scheme of Liang Ge electric substation be compared, thus obtain for this method step (2) an economic evaluation process and
The summary of subsequent design experience, design parameter see the table below 1：
1 building parameter of table
Scheme one：One electric substation, setting is two layers of underground
Examples detailed above can be seen that：The theoretical load centre coordinate of electric substation：(20,10, -4)
Practical electric substation is in two layers of underground coordinate：(20,10, -8), minimum load square are：146720.The load of system arrives
The average load of electric substation is away from for 44.7m.Apart from electric substation apart from farthest load be roof ventilator 72m.
The average load of this system is away from less than 50m, maximum distance 72m.According to seeing it has been that relative energy-saving is reasonable at present
System.
Scheme two：Liang Ge electric substation：Load is arrived to two layers for underground in underground two layers one, and roof is arranged one, for three layers
To roof to load.
1# electric substation is in two layers of underground coordinate：(40,50, -8) (theoretical best coordinates are (40,50, -4)), minimum load
Square is：80520, average load square 31.5m.
2# electric substation is in roof coordinate：(20,10,64) (theoretical best coordinates are (40,50, -4)), minimum load square is：
21200, average load square 24.9m.
It is above-mentioned to can be seen that：The scheme average load of Liang Ge electric substation is the 44.7m of an electric substation away from for 31m
69.4%.Namely the low-voltage circuit that 30% is reduced than first scheme is lost.
If line loss is calculated according to the 5% of system power consumption, alternative plan can save 1.5% system energy
Consumption.
The economic analysis of system size in second embodiment
Element:
(1) construction area, polycentric setting need to add transformer substation.Many places electric substation, the need in terms of construction area
Asking may be increased slightly.Work as if be arranged such that, is not principal element.
(2) about management cost is increased, Future Power System monitoring automation is intelligent, and transformer substation's unattended duty will
It is normality.It not will increase human cost.
(3) if system transformer number of units does not increase, high-tension cell need not increase, and transformer substation increases loading switch cabinet.
If system transformer number of units is increased slightly, it is also necessary to increase high-tension cell.Increase expense 5-10%.
(4) low-voltage cable reduces 30%, reduces the 10%-15% of electric system expense.
Conclusion：
From above-mentioned calculating it can be concluded that such as drawing a conclusion：
(1) load center calculates, and should not calculate according to load gravity model appoach, but should acquire system minimum load square.
(2) concept of load and 30 minutes maximum output of carry calculation of our traditional calculating transformer capacity are not one
Concept.Here load refers to 1 year electricity consumption of electrical equipment.Contain the duty of equipment.The equipment of duty is used when long
Electricity will be high on year-on-year basis, and short time duty, the equipment of instantaneous duty are just wanted lower on year-on-year basis relative to electricity consumption.If wanted
Electrical system energy conservation is accomplished that comparison is goed deep into, preresearch estimates is needed to go out the year electricity consumption of equipment.Because of carry calculation coefficient value
In have also contemplated the factor of equipment duty, also can simplify in current design as load calculated value.Emergency load does not have to examine
Including worry.
(3) load moment of system shows the size of system, and the load that embodies of quantization is more concentrated, and average load is away from more
Short essence.
(4) comparison for passing through system loading square determines the electric substation's powering area and load capacity of science.By science side
Method demonstration, abandons that current substation capacity is excessive, and transformer individual capacity is excessive, and system is excessively concentrated, causes energy loss
Problem.In conjunction with power load distributing state, the system power supply thinking of multiple low capacity electric substation power supplies is formed.
(5) end line average length is 30-50m under distribution box at present, it is proposed that the average load of transformer to distribution box away from
Control reaches system loss and system scale relative equilibrium within 50m.
Although the present invention is described by reference to specific illustrative embodiments, these embodiments are not will receive
Restriction and only limited by accessory claim.It should be understood by those skilled in the art that can be without departing from of the invention
Change and modification are able to carry out to the embodiment of the present invention in the case where protection scope and spirit.
Claims (10)
1. a method of for determining the electrical load center of architectural engineering, it is characterised in that include the following steps：Find one
It is a, the sum of the load moment on all loads to this point be it is the smallest, this point is the electrical load of architectural engineering
Center.
2. the step includes the method according to claim 1, wherein the method is vector calculation method：
(1) be mostly according to existing structure longitude and latitude column web form feature, set the calculating premise of the calculation method：Electric wiring
It is all to be laid according to three axis；
(2) it for the system of incomplete equilibrium, will be fallen respectively according to the coordinate points (x, y, z) at longitude and latitude column optimum load center off the net
Rule in the corresponding coordinate points of axis of certain loads, in addition to the system of complete equipilibrium, one group of load decomposition to three
In the coordinate system of axis x-axis, y-axis or z-axis, find a point, the sum of the load moment on all loads to this aspect be it is the smallest,
This point to obtain is exactly electrical load center, and coordinate points correspond to the best theoretical position of electric substation.
3. a kind of substations ' design method based on method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
(1) go out electrical load center using the method quantum chemical method, be included in the architectural engineering and find a point, Suo You electricity
The sum of load moment on gas load to this point be it is the smallest, which is electrical load center, is the best reason of electric substation
By position；
(2) according to above-mentioned electrical load center and the different power supply areas of division, more set electric substation's allocation plans is designed, are calculated
Each load in electric substation region is to the total load square and average load of electric substation away from assessing designed power transformation in each allocation plan
Economy, determine final electric substation's quantity and position.
4. substations ' design method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The step (1) electrical load refers to
1 year electricity consumption of electrical equipment, the electricity consumption include the duty of equipment, the duty when duty includes long, in short-term
Duty and instantaneous duty.
5. substations ' design method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step (1) includes：
(1-1) utilizes Building Information Model system (BIM), and positioning each distribution box is to use electrical nodes；
(1-2) is tentatively powered Regional Differentiation, passes through architectural engineering electrical load center vector meter with electrical nodes in region
Calculation method quantum chemical method obtains the load center coordinate in theoretical region, that is, the best theoretical position of electric substation, practical
It the position of electric substation in principle should be as far as possible close to the coordinate position of load center.
6. substations ' design method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the economy standard of the step (2) exists
In：Load more concentrates on electrical load center, then for the average load of system away from smaller, system energy consumption is lower；Electric substation position with
And the difference of quantity, bring the total load square of whole building different；The identical system of load, total load square is smaller, and system is tighter
It gathers；Wherein the average load is away from each load is defined as in electrical system to the average distance of supply terminals, i.e. total load square and total
Load quotient.
7. substations ' design method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that step (2) the economy element includes：
(1) construction area and polycentric setting and the tradeoff for adding transformer substation；System transformer number of units, transformer substation's on-load switch
Cabinet quantity, high-tension cell quantity bring economic cost；Low-voltage cable reduces bring cost savings.
8. substations ' design method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the more sets of plan of the step (2) include difference
Electric substation's quantity and electric substation position.
9. according to substations ' design method described in claim 3-8, it is characterised in that the design method does not consider that emergency is negative
Lotus.
10. a kind of architectural engineering, including the electric substation designed according to any one of claim 3-9 the method.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN108846155B (en) | 2022-06-28 |
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