CN106779168A - A kind of distribution transformer addressing and low pressure rack plan optimization method - Google Patents
A kind of distribution transformer addressing and low pressure rack plan optimization method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of distribution transformer addressing and low pressure rack plan optimization method, the optimization method is comprised the following steps：Based on load moment theory, aid decision distribution transformer is most preferably layouted；The point coordinates found for each point load moment algebraical sum minimum value in the range of area is calculated by linear iteraction, as the foundation that distribution transformer planning is layouted；From the architectural feature of low-voltage network, using the relevant theory of graph theory, low-voltage network optimization layout is equivalent to the search of minimum spanning tree and shortest path in graph theory.The method is easy to operate, workload is small, practical, largely reach Liao Tai areas and build the effect that initial cost is minimized and line loss is optimized, effectively lift operating efficiency, it is that Rural Power Distribution Network production run and the guarantee quality of power supply provide technical support, therefore there is larger aid decision meaning to low-voltage network construction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of distribution network, more particularly to a kind of distribution transformer addressing and low pressure rack plan optimization side
Method.
Background technology
At present, during distribution network construction, transformer is layouted and low-voltage circuit to there is multi-point and wide-ranging, usage amount huge
Situation, power distribution network is newly-built and transformation input amount is huge, Weihai City put into every year the construction fund of power distribution network just count with
Hundred million meters.The reasonability that planning and designing transformer is layouted with low-pressure line-outgoing selection, will directly affect engineering initial outlay and the product that puts into operation
Raw low-voltage problem.Annual engineering quantity so huge be substantially by designer one by one dam site investigation, be accomplished manually
Positioning.In design, subjective different people may have different conclusions.The larger engineering technological economies of error refer to
Mark is difficult to accomplish to optimize.
The selection result in distribution transformer geographical position directly influences later stage distribution network layout of roads.Its position and appearance
The determination of amount should consider the power consumption and distribution situation of load point, again in view of the structure of whole distribution network, addressing
Result has directly to the reasonable structure of supply network and the economy and reliability of operation of whole distribution network construction
Influence.
According to the Guidelines of paulownia intercropping, the distribution transforming addressing mode for currently forming mainly has：
1) based on the method for solving platform area load center of gravity；
In order to reduce roundabout power supply, directive/guides at different levels are required to distribution transforming layouts need to go deep into load center.And optimal load
Center is exactly so-called load center of gravity.By taking Fig. 1 as an example, the load value and combinatorial coordinates that might as well make each load point are followed successively by { P1,
(X1, Y1)}、{P2, (X2, Y2)}、……{Pn, (Xn, Yn), then the coordinate of load center of gravity can be determined by formula (1).Obviously, in loading
Distribution transforming is installed at the heart, is very rational from for pure physical angle.
In formula, X, Y are the coordinate in length and breadth of load center of gravity；P is that the load of each load point always adds.
2) based on the mathematical analysis method that operating cost is minimum
Still by taking Fig. 1 as an example (parameter of each load point represents constant), if the distribution transforming mounting coordinate of perfect condition is (X, Y),
Then by setting up object function shown in formula (2), X, Y value can be tried to achieve by computer.
In formula, β is unit load, unit distance cost coefficient.
It is as follows to there is subject matter in above-mentioned traditional addressing mode：
(1) traditional addressing mode does not meet low-voltage distribution network practical structures.As shown in the above, whether load gravity model appoach
Or mathematical analysis method, is reduced to single power supply point to the point-to-point direct-furnish network of load point (such as Fig. 1 institutes by low-voltage distribution network
Show).This network is difficult application in practice, and reason is as follows：
1. load point quantity is necessarily much larger than distribution transforming outgoing line interval quantity, therefore an impossible load point is taken between one
Every；
2. the actual trend of low-voltage circuit is subject to the influence such as periphery landform, building, line corridor, it is difficult to which straight line is gone to
Bottom；
3. each load point necessarily causes the very big consumption of wire by power supply point direct-furnish.
(2) coordinate setting in traditional addressing mode lacks operation possibility.According to prior art, coordinate setting needs to build
Found SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK, use relatively advanced mapping equipment etc., this low-voltage network short for the construction period, that Quantity is big
For be difficult to bear.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of distribution transformer addressing and low pressure rack plan optimization method, the present invention realizes distribution transforming
Addressing cooperates with the target of optimization with low-voltage circuit planning, has larger aid decision meaning to low-voltage network construction, refers to
It is described below：
A kind of distribution transformer addressing and low pressure rack plan optimization method, the optimization method are comprised the following steps：
Based on load moment theory, aid decision distribution transformer is most preferably layouted；
The point coordinates found for each point load moment algebraical sum minimum value in the range of area is calculated by linear iteraction, as distribution
The foundation that transformer planning is layouted；
From the architectural feature of low-voltage network, using the relevant theory of graph theory, by low-voltage network optimization layout etc.
Imitate the search for minimum spanning tree in graph theory and shortest path.
Wherein, described based on load moment theory, aid decision distribution transformer is most preferably layouted；By linear iteraction meter
The point coordinates found for each point load moment algebraical sum minimum value in the range of area is calculated, the foundation layouted as distribution transformer planning
Step is specially：
Calculate the load moment and total load square of different circuits, judging the loss of voltage of load, whether to meet itself specified
Pressure-drop coefficient requirement, if need to change circuit or be adjusted to loaded network；
The load data of load point position, typing load point or load group is manually entered or is chosen on geographical map, will be negative
Lotus point is indicated on geographical map, minimum total negative to calculate as measuring and calculating scope with the polygon that straight line connects multiple load points formation
Lotus square；
By the x in the range of method of exhaustion measuring and calculating, y values calculate the total load square of minimum, then the x, y of minimum total load square
Value coordinate points are exactly that optimal power supply point is layouted position；X is the geographical abscissa for calculating power supply point；Y is the ground for calculating power supply point
Reason ordinate.
Wherein, the architectural feature from low-voltage network, using the relevant theory of graph theory, by low-voltage distribution network optimization
Change the step of layout is equivalent to the search of minimum spanning tree and shortest path in graph theory and be specially：
Zoning is carried out to natural load point with the method for geography segmentation or merger and is collected, form a new load small
Set of blocks requires that the load or capacity of each load fritter in the set are of substantially equal, and makes the geography of each load fritter roughly
Center, the summit of figure is equivalent in this, as low voltage electric network to be optimized；
All circuits of secondary network to be optimized are accordingly to be regarded as unified specification when initial, reaching low voltage electric network with this is equivalent to
The requirement on the required each side " equality " of figure；Suitable line is selected further according to the quantity of the actual load fritter for undertaking of circuit
Footpath；
Each load fritter center is connected two-by-two, a so-called undirected complete graph is formed, according to the fortune long on each side
With minimal spanning tree algorithm, that of tree power minimum is found from all spanning trees；
Any summit of minimum spanning tree to the shortest path sum on remaining summit is calculated, one is formed and value is collected；And should and
What value concentrated minimum is exactly optimal distribution transforming mount point with the summit corresponding to value, and each side for constituting this and value is exactly low-voltage distribution network
Routing path；
Each side of undirected complete graph is arranged by certain rule；By the length of side from small to large, check do not constitute loop but
The minimum edges collection combination of connection can will be schemed again.
Methods described also includes：
Impartible peak load value in selection natural load point；Or,
Locality commonly use in a few class primary cables corresponding to the minimum wire of current-carrying capacity can bearing load, as load fritter
Reference load value.
The beneficial effect of technical scheme that the present invention is provided is：From the architectural feature of low-voltage network, using graph theory
Relevant theory, low-voltage network optimization location problem is equivalent to the search problem of minimum spanning tree and shortest path in graph theory,
So as to realize the target that distribution transforming addressing cooperates with optimization with low-voltage circuit planning in theory.The method is easy to operate, workload
It is small, practical, largely reach Liao Tai areas and build the effect that initial cost is minimized and line loss is optimized, effectively lifting
Operating efficiency, is that Rural Power Distribution Network production run and the guarantee quality of power supply provide technical support, therefore low-voltage network is built
Setting tool has larger aid decision meaning.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the load center of gravity schematic diagram under the conditions of load；
Fig. 2 is actual low voltage power distribution network schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of a kind of distribution transformer addressing and low pressure rack plan optimization method；
Fig. 4 is most preferably to be layouted position view using minimum load square measuring and calculating power supply point；
Fig. 5 is load center schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the undirected complete schematic diagram at connected load center.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, further is made to embodiment of the present invention below
Ground is described in detail.
However, the low-voltage network of reality has the levels such as main line, branch line, service main, its structure is substantially as shown in Figure 2.
Therefore, it can attempt with the relevant knowledge of graph theory, low-voltage network is equivalent to " figure " in graph theory：Will distribution transforming mount point and
Each load point corresponds to the summit of " figure ", and low-voltage circuit is corresponded to the side collection of " figure ".Then (method is to look for carry out optimizing search
To a minimum spanning tree of " figure ", distribution transforming installation site and each bar low-voltage distributing line are determined with shortest path is theoretical afterwards
Substantially move towards), distribution transforming addressing and low-voltage circuit is planned to cooperate with and is carried out, the drawbacks of so as to avoid traditional site selecting method.
Embodiment 1
A kind of distribution transformer addressing and low pressure rack plan optimization method are the embodiment of the invention provides, referring to Fig. 3, should
Method is comprised the following steps：
101：Based on load moment theory, aid decision distribution transformer is most preferably layouted；
By the optimization order space truss project scheme.
102：The point coordinates found for each point load moment algebraical sum minimum value in the range of area is calculated by linear iteraction, as
The foundation that distribution transformer planning is layouted；
It is power distribution network production run and the guarantee quality of power supply by above-mentioned steps so that distribution network planning is more scientific, reasonable
There is provided and support.
103：From the architectural feature of low-voltage network, using the relevant theory of graph theory, low-voltage network is optimized into cloth
Office is equivalent to the search of minimum spanning tree and shortest path in graph theory.
In sum, by above-mentioned steps, distribution transforming addressing is realized in theory and cooperates with optimization with low-voltage circuit planning
Target.This method is easy to operate, workload is small, practical, largely reaches Liao Tai areas and builds initial cost minimum
The effect optimized with line loss, therefore there is larger aid decision meaning to low-voltage network construction.
Embodiment 2
The scheme in embodiment 1 is described in detail with reference to specific computing formula, accompanying drawing, it is as detailed below to retouch
State：
201：Load moment to circuit is calculated；
When power circuit is transformed or increases planning newly, because the reality or distant view load of circuit are, it is known that so to difference
During circuit (high, medium and low voltage built on stilts or cable) type selecting under situation, it will usually the simplicity for using to allow the loss of voltage to verify
Method.Its principle is：Under the conditions of a certain permission loss of voltage, load is bigger, and radius of electricity supply is smaller；Conversely, load is smaller, supply
Electric radius is bigger.Therefore, according to load and the relation of radius of electricity supply, the concept of load moment (also known as load torque) is generated, i.e.,
Power is multiplied by distance of the load point away from power supply point：
Load moment=P × L,
In formula：P is power；L is distance of the load point away from power supply point.
As a example by giving certain overhead transmission line of voltage class and total end loads value, load moment, the maximum of circuit are calculated
The voltage drop of a certain terminal, peak power output, specific as follows on transmission distance and circuit：
Δ U%=(R+X × tan θ) pl/ (10U2) (3)
In formula：R is line resistance：X is circuit induction reactance value；Tan θ are line power factor；U is the voltage of circuit；P is line
The active power on road：L is line length.Δ U% is the section voltage drop of circuit first and last, because Δ U% is 1 calculating basis, so
Usually with p as 1kW and unit quantities of the l as 1km carrys out value.
So, formula (3) can be write as：
Δ U%=(R+X × tan θ)/(10U2) (4)
Corresponding terminal voltage is calculated according to specific terminal to be reduced to：
Δ U=Δs U% × Pi×li (5)
In formula：PiIt is the load of a certain terminal on circuit；liIt is distance of a certain terminal to power supply point on circuit.
The maximum load power of certain terminal is on circuit：
Pimax=M/li (6)
In formula：M is electric load square；liIt is distance of certain terminal to power supply point on circuit；pimaxIt is to meet voltage drop bar
Maximum allowable mounting load value under part.
The maximum delivery distance of circuit is：
Lmax=M/Pt (7)
In formula：Pt is total end loads of circuit.
Total load square is：
The line load square M of different circuits (built on stilts or cable) can be precomputed by above-mentioned formula, it is same when running into
When the load type of power supply point is more, it is possible to by calculating the total load square of these loads, and compare with line load square M,
Judge whether the loss of voltage of these loads meets itself rated voltage drop coefficient requirements, if need to change circuit or right
Loaded network is adjusted.The computational methods of circuit itself load moment are：
In formula：U0It is circuit rated voltage；UtFor line end allows voltage；λ is regulation coefficient.Computing formula (8) and
After (9) 2 kinds of load moments, the real works such as the line security detection and transformation at scene can be simply and accurately instructed.
202：Calculate the optimal power supply position of selected load point, display location coordinate and minimum load in geographical map
Square；
Wherein, the user mainly for 3 types is calculated：Domestic consumer, large user and hybrid subscriber.By manually entering
(to distinguish domestic consumer's load and large user's load) or load point position, typing load point or load group are chosen on geographical map
Load data, be indicated in these load points on geographical map by system, and connecting the polygon that multiple load points are formed with straight line is
Calculate scope to calculate minimum total load square.
In formula：PiIt is each load point terminal power；xiIt is the geographical abscissa of each load point；yiIt is the geography of each load point
Ordinate；X is the geographical abscissa for calculating power supply point；Y is the geographical ordinate for calculating power supply point.
By the x in the range of method of exhaustion measuring and calculating, y values calculate the total load square (M of minimummin), then minimum total load square
X, y value coordinate points are exactly that optimal power supply point is layouted position, and measuring and calculating is illustrated as shown in Figure 4.
203：Minimum spanning tree theory is applied to low voltage electric network layout；
1st, the difference and relevant treatment of actual low voltage electric network and " figure "；
" figure " in graph theory is made up of a number of summit and side, and each point, side only have the difference of position or length, other
Characteristic is consistent.And there is capacity volume variance, each section lead and there is line footpath difference in each natural load point of actual low voltage electric network, it may be said that
It is " unequal ".Therefore to process low-voltage distribution network optimization problem with Graph Theory, it is necessary to accomplish：
(1) zoning is carried out to natural load point with the method for geography segmentation or merger and is collected, formation one is new to be born
The small set of blocks of lotus (it is required that the load or capacity of each load fritter in the set are of substantially equal), and each load fritter is made roughly
Geographic center, the summit of " figure " is equivalent in this, as low voltage electric network to be optimized, in detail as shown in Figure 5.
As for the reference load value determination of this " artificial " load fritter, following two sides optionally can be respectively taken
Method：
1. impartible peak load value (such as motor unit of unique user) in natural load point is selected；
2. select it is local commonly use corresponding to the minimum wire of current-carrying capacity in a few class primary cables can bearing load.
(2) all circuits of secondary network to be optimized are accordingly to be regarded as unified specification (such as current-carrying capacity in conventional wire when initial
Minimum wire), the requirement that low voltage electric network is equivalent to each side " equality " required by " figure " is reached with this.Using graph theory program
After producing target net, suitable line footpath is selected (to seem there is very much layer further according to the quantity of the actual load fritter for undertaking of circuit
Secondary and orderliness).It is seen that, the treatment of two steps, can evade more than：
1. because natural load point is excessive and caused by target net it is excessively complicated；
2. because natural load point capacity difference and caused by target net circuit line footpath selection difficulty.
2nd, specific modeling
Each load fritter center that Fig. 4 shows is connected two-by-two first, is formed a so-called undirected complete graph, such as
Shown in Fig. 5.And the length (also referred to as " weighing ") on each side is obtained according to substantially estimation.Secondly with related algorithm, (minimum spanning tree is calculated
Method), minimum that of tree power is found from all spanning trees of Fig. 6 (connection and the figure without circle is referred to as spanning tree).Finally, it is right
The minimum spanning tree found, calculates any summit of " tree " to the shortest path sum on remaining summit, forms one and value collects.
And should and value to concentrate the summit corresponding to minimum and value be exactly optimal distribution transforming mount point, each side for constituting this with value is exactly low
It is press-fitted the routing path of net.
204：Minimal spanning tree algorithm is designed；
The classic algorithm of minimum spanning tree has Kruskal algorithms etc., enters with reference to low-voltage distribution network actual (node is more, divide)
Row minimal spanning tree algorithm is improved.
(1) each side of undirected complete graph is arranged by certain rule first；
It is then " being incremented by by the length of side " that consider ease-to-operate might as well establishes rules.For a figure containing q bars side, have
l(a1)≤l(a2)≤...≤l(aq) (11)
In formula, l (ai) (i=1,2 ..., q) for numbering is aiThe length of side.
(2) by the length of side from small to large, the minimum edges collection combination for not constituting loop but scheming connection is checked.
Make parameter e1=a1, parameter e2=a2Test length of side a3If, length of side a3With parameter e1,e2Loop is not formed, then makes e3=
a3If, length of side a3With parameter e1,e2Loop is formed, then tests length of side a4(do not consider further that length of side a3Include minimum spanning tree)；
If length of side a4With parameter e1,e2Loop is not formed, then makes parameter e3=a4, otherwise test length of side a5(do not consider further that length of side a4Receive
Enter minimum spanning tree), and so on, parameter e is contained until finding out1,e2..., epUntill connected graph Deng p bars side.So parameter
{e1,e2..., epComposition set be exactly a minimum spanning tree.
In sum, by above-mentioned steps, distribution transforming addressing is realized in theory and cooperates with optimization with low-voltage circuit planning
Target.This method is easy to operate, workload is small, practical, largely reaches Liao Tai areas and builds initial cost minimum
The effect optimized with line loss, therefore there is larger aid decision meaning to low-voltage network construction.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that accompanying drawing is a schematic diagram for preferred embodiment, the embodiments of the present invention
Sequence number is for illustration only, and the quality of embodiment is not represented.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all it is of the invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of distribution transformer addressing and low pressure rack plan optimization method, it is characterised in that the optimization method include with
Lower step：
Based on load moment theory, aid decision distribution transformer is most preferably layouted；
The point coordinates found for each point load moment algebraical sum minimum value in the range of area is calculated by linear iteraction, as distribution transformer
The foundation that device planning is layouted；
From the architectural feature of low-voltage network, using the relevant theory of graph theory, low-voltage network optimization layout is equivalent to
The search of minimum spanning tree and shortest path in graph theory.
2. a kind of distribution transformer addressing according to claim 1 and low pressure rack plan optimization method, it is characterised in that
It is described based on load moment theory, aid decision distribution transformer is most preferably layouted；Calculate to find by linear iteraction and supply area's model
Enclose the point coordinates of interior each point load moment algebraical sum minimum value, as distribution transformer planning layout foundation the step of be specially：
The load moment and total load square of different circuits are calculated, judges whether the loss of voltage of load meets itself rated voltage drop
Coefficient requirements, if need to change circuit or be adjusted to loaded network；
The load data of load point position, typing load point or load group is manually entered or is chosen on geographical map, by load point
It is indicated on geographical map, minimum total load square is calculated with the polygon of the multiple load points formation of straight line connection as measuring and calculating scope；
By the x in the range of method of exhaustion measuring and calculating, y values calculate the total load square of minimum, then the x of minimum total load square, y values
Coordinate points are exactly that optimal power supply point is layouted position；X is the geographical abscissa for calculating power supply point；Y is that the geography for calculating power supply point is indulged
Coordinate.
3. a kind of distribution transformer addressing according to claim 1 and low pressure rack plan optimization method, it is characterised in that
The architectural feature from low-voltage network, using the relevant theory of graph theory, low-voltage network optimization layout is equivalent to
It is specially the step of the search of minimum spanning tree and shortest path in graph theory：
Zoning is carried out to natural load point with the method for geography segmentation or merger and is collected, form a new load fritter collection
Conjunction requires that the load or capacity of each load fritter in the set are of substantially equal, and makes the geography of each load fritter roughly
The heart, the summit of figure is equivalent in this, as low voltage electric network to be optimized；
All circuits of secondary network to be optimized are accordingly to be regarded as unified specification when initial, reaching low voltage electric network with this is equivalent to figure institute
It is required that each side " equality " requirement；Suitable line footpath is selected further according to the quantity of the actual load fritter for undertaking of circuit；
Each load fritter center is connected two-by-two, a so-called undirected complete graph is formed, according to the long with most of each side
Small spanning tree algorithm, finds that of tree power minimum from all spanning trees；
Any summit of minimum spanning tree to the shortest path sum on remaining summit is calculated, one is formed and value is collected；And collection and should be worth
The middle minimum cloth for being exactly optimal distribution transforming mount point with the summit corresponding to value, constituting that this is exactly low-voltage distribution network with each side of value
Thread path；
Each side of undirected complete graph is arranged by certain rule；By the length of side from small to large, check and do not constitute loop but energy
The minimum edges collection combination of connection will be schemed.
4. a kind of distribution transformer addressing according to claim 3 and low pressure rack plan optimization method, it is characterised in that
Methods described also includes：
Impartible peak load value in selection natural load point；Or,
Locality commonly use in a few class primary cables corresponding to the minimum wire of current-carrying capacity can bearing load, as the ginseng of load fritter
Examine load value.
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