CN108844713B - Adjustable ultrahigh-flow-rate large-flow water tunnel system and adjusting method - Google Patents
Adjustable ultrahigh-flow-rate large-flow water tunnel system and adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The adjustable ultrahigh-flow-speed large-flow water tunnel system and the adjusting method have the advantages of ingenious structure, reasonable design, simple and reliable method implementation, high water pressure, large water flow, controllable pressure and flow and less water flow cavitation. The system comprises a high-pressure water storage tank, a supercharger, a high-pressure gas storage tank, an adjustable pressure valve, an ultra-high speed test water tunnel, a water turbine, a low-level water pool and a high-level water pool; the upper part in the high-pressure water storage tank is a gas medium, and the lower part is a water medium; the upper part of the high-pressure water storage tank is connected back to the upper part of the high-pressure water storage tank through a supercharger, a high-pressure gas storage tank and an adjustable pressure valve in sequence to form a gas loop; the lower part of the high-pressure water storage tank sequentially passes through the ultra-high speed test water tunnel, the water turbine, the low-level water pool and the high-level water pool and is connected back to the lower part of the high-pressure water storage tank to form a water loop; a low-pressure water pump is arranged between the low-level water tank and the high-level water tank, and a high-pressure water pump is arranged between the high-level water tank and the high-pressure water storage tank; the high-pressure water storage tank is respectively provided with an air inlet and a water outlet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to experimental hydromechanics, in particular to an adjustable ultrahigh-flow-rate large-flow water tunnel system and an adjustable method.
Background
The high-speed water tunnel is an indispensable important device for researching underwater high-speed moving bodies, and is one of important devices for fluid mechanics research, however, the research institutions for the high-speed water tunnel with large cross section at home and abroad are not many, and the foreign water tunnel division devices are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 foreign division tunnel equipment
Currently, there are only three high-speed water holes in the world: 1) the water speed of the ultra-high-speed water tunnel at the State university of Binxiania is 83.8m/s, and the diameter of the cross section is 0.038 m; 2) the water speed of a high-speed water tunnel of a Swiss hydro-mechanical laboratory is 50m/s, the section size of a test section is 0.15m multiplied by 0.15m, and the length is 0.75 m; 3) the water velocity of the high-speed water tunnel of the Netherlands maritime research institute is 65m/s, and the section size of the test section is 0.05m multiplied by 0.05m and the length is 4 m. The water flow speed of the rest water holes is less than or equal to 40 m/s. In addition, the test section size of the existing high-speed water tunnel is smaller, and the test section size is smallerCross-sectional area less than 0.04m2. The largest test segment size is KPyn0B-3 water hole cross-sectional dimension of Russian St Petersburg of 1.3m × 1.3m, and the water velocity is only 15 m/s.
The cavitation problem in the existing test water tunnel system is an important problem influencing the cavitation problem. The cavitation phenomenon can greatly reduce the stability of a flow field in the water tunnel, thereby influencing the accuracy of a water tunnel related test; meanwhile, excessive cavitation may cause performance degradation of related equipment such as a water pump. The existing water tunnel system uses a water pump as a power device to accelerate water, and due to the limitation of the existing water pump technology, equipment capable of achieving large flow and high flow rate simultaneously is difficult to achieve, and high-power water pump equipment is low in efficiency and poor in reliability.
In summary, the cross-sectional area is set to be larger than 0.04m2The high water speed and large size water tunnel is still a worldwide problem, wherein the key problems are how to establish a controllable high water pressure and high water flow water tunnel system and need to be equipped with a huge driving power supply, and the cavitation of the water flow is controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an adjustable ultrahigh-flow-rate large-flow water tunnel system and an adjustable method, which have the advantages of ingenious structure, reasonable design, simple and reliable method implementation, high water pressure, large water flow, controllable pressure and flow and less water flow cavitation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an adjustable ultrahigh flow speed and large flow water tunnel system comprises a high-pressure water storage tank, a supercharger, a high-pressure air storage tank, an adjustable pressure valve, an ultrahigh speed test water tunnel, a water turbine, a low-level water pool and a high-level water pool;
the upper part in the high-pressure water storage tank is a gas medium, and the lower part is a water medium;
the upper part of the high-pressure water storage tank is connected back to the upper part of the high-pressure water storage tank through a supercharger, a high-pressure gas storage tank and an adjustable pressure valve in sequence to form a gas loop;
the lower part of the high-pressure water storage tank sequentially passes through the ultra-high speed test water tunnel, the water turbine, the low-level water pool and the high-level water pool and is connected back to the lower part of the high-pressure water storage tank to form a water loop;
a low-pressure water pump is arranged between the low-level water tank and the high-level water tank, and a high-pressure water pump is arranged between the high-level water tank and the high-pressure water storage tank; the high-pressure water storage tank is respectively provided with an air inlet and a water outlet.
Preferably, a one-way check valve is arranged between the high-pressure water pump and the high-pressure water storage tank.
Preferably, an air inlet valve is arranged on an air inlet of the high-pressure water storage tank, and a drain valve and a drain pump are sequentially arranged on the drain outlet.
Preferably, a pressure stabilizing valve is arranged between the high-pressure water storage tank and the supercharger.
Preferably, a diaphragm capable of floating on the surface of the water medium is arranged on a steam-water interface inside the high-pressure water storage tank, and the area of the diaphragm is larger than that of the water surface.
Preferably, the high-pressure water storage tank, the high-pressure air storage tank, the supercharger, the high-pressure water pump and the high-level water tank are all arranged on the ground, and the low-pressure water pump, the water turbine and the ultra-high-speed test water tunnel are arranged on the ground or in a valley below the ground or in a cave with the depth range of 50m-450m underground.
Preferably, the ultra-high-speed test water tunnel comprises an inlet reducing channel, a test section and an outlet which are integrally arranged in sequence; the inlet reducing channel is a contraction section, the test section adopts a uniform section channel, and the outlet adopts a gradually expanding section.
Preferably, the electric energy output end of the water turbine is respectively connected with at least one of the low-pressure water pump, the high-pressure water pump and the drainage pump.
Preferably, the inner wall of the ultra-high-speed test water tunnel is sprayed with a super-hydrophobic coating, and the inner wall of the downstream drain pipe is sprayed or provided with an elastic material.
A method for regulating and controlling an adjustable ultrahigh-flow-rate large-flow water tunnel system is based on any one water tunnel system, and assumes that a high-pressure water storage tank and a high-pressure gas storage tank are both filled with gas media in an initial state, and the pressure is the same as the outside; the high-level water tank is filled with water, and the low-level water tank is free of water; the following regulation and control are carried out on the method,
a compression stage;
starting the high-pressure water pump and the supercharger to enable water to enter the high-pressure water storage tank, compressing air in the high-pressure water storage tank to enter the high-pressure air storage tank, and stopping working' after at least half of the volume in the container is filled with water; discharging water in the high-pressure water storage tank into a high-level water tank, and sucking air into the high-pressure water storage tank through an air inlet;
repeating the operation until the gas pressure in the high-pressure gas storage tank reaches the value required by the water tunnel experiment, and not draining water after the last water filling process;
a working stage;
the water flow is pressurized by a high-pressure water pump and flows into a high-pressure water storage tank, then enters a water tunnel test section and a water turbine after being stabilized by the high-pressure water storage tank, and finally flows into a low-level water pool; the low-pressure water pump continuously pumps water in the low-level water tank into the high-level water tank so as to supplement water in the high-pressure water tank; the pressure in the high-pressure air storage tank is controlled through the adjustable pressure valve, so that the flow speed of the ultra-high-speed test water tunnel is controlled, and the continuous and stable high-speed water flow in a test section of the high-speed water flow is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the system of the invention adopts the high-pressure gas storage tank to provide stable continuous driving energy for water flow, can simultaneously realize a water tunnel system with large flow and high flow rate, realizes a water flow circulation loop by arranging the high-level water tank and the low-level water tank, and solves the problem of water consumption of the water tunnel with large flow and high flow rate. The supercharger is arranged between the outlet of the high-pressure water storage tank and the inlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank, so that the pressure of gas is improved in the compression stage, and sufficient reserve driving energy is provided. The pressure-adjustable valve is arranged at the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank, so that the pressure in the high-pressure water storage tank is adjusted, and the controllable water flow speed in the water tunnel system is realized. The high-speed water flow of the ultra-high-speed test water tunnel is directly connected into a volute of the water turbine to push the water turbine to generate electricity, and the electric energy generated by the water turbine is supplied to the high-pressure water pump, so that the external electric energy supply amount is greatly reduced; therefore, the water tunnel system with high flow speed and large flow can be realized, and the problem caused by acceleration of water flow due to the fact that the traditional water tunnel system provides energy by means of a high-power water pump is solved.
According to the method, the air inlet and the water outlet of the high-pressure water storage tank are controlled, the high-pressure water pump is adopted to compress air, and the air compressor is not arranged independently to inflate the high-pressure air storage tank. Because the specific heat capacity of water is far greater than that of air, the constant temperature of the gas can be maintained in the air compression process, isothermal compression is approximately realized, the compression efficiency of the gas is improved, the system can be simplified, and the construction cost of the system is reduced.
Furthermore, the water tunnel test section, the low-level water pool and the water turbine are arranged on the ground or in a valley or an underground tunnel warehouse, and the pressure difference between the high-pressure water storage tank and the test section can be improved to the maximum extent by the latter two schemes. Because the gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy in the process that the water flow flows underground, the effect of accelerating the water flow can be achieved. The depth of the test section is set in the depth range of 50-150 m underground, the temperature of the stratum at the depth is 15-25 ℃, and the temperature difference between every 100m depth is not more than 3 ℃. The temperature in summer is lower than the surface atmosphere, and is relatively stable and not influenced by seasons and regions, so that the controllability of the water flow speed of the water tunnel test section can be greatly improved, and the cavitation effect of the water flow can be reduced. In addition, the test section arranged underground can reduce system noise and improve system safety.
Furthermore, a diaphragm which can float on the water surface, such as thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber (TPU) and other materials, is arranged at the steam-water interface in the high-pressure water storage tank to prevent high-pressure air from dissolving in water; the diaphragm area is greater than the surface of water area to ensure that the diaphragm can always keep laminating with the surface of water in the process of surface of water position change.
Furthermore, a one-way check valve is arranged between the high-pressure water pump and the high-pressure water storage tank, so that water in the high-pressure water storage tank is prevented from flowing reversely, the effect of protecting the high-pressure water pump is achieved, and the safety of the system is improved.
Furthermore, the electric energy is directly connected to the high-pressure water pump so as to reduce the energy consumption of the water pump, and simultaneously, the energy of the water flow is reduced to reduce the vibration and the noise caused by the water flow.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-flow high-speed water tunnel system capable of being regulated and controlled at will in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the water tunnel test section in the example of the present invention.
Wherein: a high-pressure water storage tank 1; a supercharger 2; a high-pressure gas storage tank 3; an adjustable pressure valve 4; an ultra-high speed test water tunnel 5; a water turbine 6; a low-level water tank 7; a low-pressure water pump 8; a high-level water tank 9; a high-pressure water pump 10; a one-way check valve 11; a drain pump 12; a low-pressure pump water outlet valve 13, a water discharge valve 14, an air inlet valve 15, a pressure stabilizing valve 16, a water supply valve 17, a water tunnel water inlet valve 18, a water tunnel water outlet valve 19 and a low-pressure pump water inlet valve 20; an inlet reducing channel 21; a test section 22; and an outlet 23.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The invention relates to an adjustable ultrahigh-flow-speed large-flow water tunnel system, which comprises a high-pressure water storage tank 1, a supercharger 2, a high-pressure gas storage tank 3, an adjustable pressure valve 4, an ultrahigh-speed test water tunnel 5, a water turbine 6, a low-level water tank 7, a low-pressure water pump 8, a high-level water tank 9, a high-pressure water pump 10 and a one-way check valve 11, wherein the ultrahigh-speed test water tunnel is connected with the high-pressure water tank 1;
wherein, a system that a high-pressure air storage tank 3 and a high-pressure water storage tank 1 are connected in parallel is adopted, and the system also comprises a supercharger 2 and a pressure stabilizing valve 16 connected in series in the middle; an adjustable pressure valve 4 is arranged between the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank 3 and the inlet of the high-pressure water storage tank 1, so that the high-pressure water storage tank 1 is ensured to keep constant and adjustable outlet water pressure;
the high-pressure water storage tank 1 is provided with an air inlet valve 15, a water discharge valve 14 and a water discharge pump 12, works in an air compression stage, compresses gas, and is not provided with an air compressor to inflate the high-pressure gas storage tank 1.
A supercharger 2 is arranged between the outlet of the high-pressure water storage tank 1 and the inlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank 3, and the gas storage pressure is improved in the compression stage.
A one-way check valve 11 is arranged between the high-pressure water pump 10 and the high-pressure water storage tank 1 to prevent water in the high-pressure water storage tank 1 from flowing reversely.
A membrane which can float on the water surface, such as thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber (TPU) and other materials, is arranged at the steam-water interface in the high-pressure water storage tank 1 to prevent high-pressure air from dissolving in water; the diaphragm area is greater than the surface of water area to ensure that the diaphragm can always keep laminating with the surface of water in the process of surface of water position change.
The high-pressure water storage tank 1, the high-pressure gas storage tank 3, the supercharger 2, the high-pressure water pump 10 and the high-level water tank 9 of the water tunnel system are all arranged on the ground, and the low-pressure water pump 8, the water turbine 6 and the ultrahigh-speed test water tunnel 5 are arranged in the deep underground. The pressure difference between the high-pressure water storage tank and the test section can be improved to the maximum extent. Because the gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy in the process that the water flow flows underground, the effect of accelerating the water flow can be achieved. The temperature of the stratum with the depth of the test section arranged in the depth range of 50m-150m underground is between 15 ℃ and 25 ℃, and the temperature difference between every 100m of depth is not more than 3 ℃. The temperature in summer is lower than the surface atmosphere, and is relatively stable and not influenced by seasons and regions, so that the controllability of the water flow speed of the water tunnel test section can be greatly improved, and the cavitation effect of the water flow can be reduced. In addition, the test section arranged underground can reduce system noise and improve system safety.
The water tunnel test section is shown in fig. 2 and is divided into an inlet reducing channel 21, a test section 22 and an outlet 23. The inlet reducing channel 21 is a contraction section, and a test section which plays a role of accelerating water flow through the contraction of a cross section adopts a uniform cross section channel, so that a stable flow field is provided to ensure the accuracy of test data; the outlet 23 adopts a gradually expanding section, so that the water flow speed is reduced, and the stable operation of the water tunnel system is ensured.
The high-speed water flow of the ultra-high-speed test water tunnel 5 is directly connected into a volute of the water turbine to push the water turbine to generate electricity, the electric energy is directly connected into the energy consumption of electric equipment such as the low-pressure water pump 8 and the high-pressure water pump 10, and meanwhile, the energy of the water flow is reduced, and the vibration and the noise caused by the water flow are reduced.
The water at the outlet of the water turbine flows into a low-level water pool 7, and is injected into a high-level water pool 9 through a low-pressure water pump 8; a high-pressure water pump 10 is adopted to inject normal-pressure water into a high-pressure water storage tank 1 so as to ensure that a small-volume water storage tank can provide large-flow high-pressure water flow; meanwhile, a one-way check valve 11 is arranged at the outlet of the high-pressure water pump 10 to prevent water in the high-pressure water storage tank from flowing reversely.
The inner wall of the water tunnel in the ultra-high speed test is sprayed with a super-hydrophobic coating, such as organic silicon, fluororesin and corresponding modified resin and other materials, so as to reduce resistance loss; the inner wall of the downstream drain pipe of the ultra-high-speed test water tunnel 5 is sprayed or provided with an elastic material, so that noise and vibration are reduced.
The concrete working process of the water tunnel system comprises the following steps:
assuming that the high-pressure water storage tank 1 and the high-pressure air storage tank 3 are filled with air in the initial state, and the pressure is the same as the outside; the high-level water tank 9 is filled with water, and the low-level water tank 7 is free of water.
1. Compression stage
(1) Closing the pressure-adjustable valve 4, the drain valve 14, the air inlet valve 15 and the water supply valve 17, opening the one-way check valve 11 and the pressure stabilizing valve 16, starting the high-pressure water pump 10 and the supercharger 2 to make water enter the high-pressure water storage tank 1, compressing the air in the high-pressure water storage tank 1 to enter the high-pressure air storage tank 3, and stopping the operation after at least half of the volume in the container is filled with water.
(2) The pressure-adjustable valve 4, the one-way check valve 11, the pressure stabilizing valve 16 and the water supply valve 17 are closed, the valve drainage valve 14 and the air inlet valve 15 are opened, the drainage pump 12 starts to work, water in the high-pressure water storage tank 1 is drained into the high-level water pool 9, and air is sucked into the high-pressure water storage tank 1 through the air inlet valve 15.
And (3) repeating the steps (1) and (2) until the gas pressure in the high-pressure gas storage tank reaches the value required by the water tunnel experiment. And no water is drained after the last water filling process.
2. Working phase
And closing the valve drainage valve 14, the air inlet valve 15 and the pressure stabilizing valve 16, opening the valve adjustable pressure valve 4, the one-way check valve 11, the low-pressure pump water outlet valve 13, the water supply valve 17, the water tunnel water inlet valve 18, the water tunnel water outlet valve 19 and the low-pressure pump water inlet valve 20, and starting the operation of the low-pressure water pump 8, the high-pressure water pump 10 and the water turbine 6.
The water flow flows into the high-pressure water storage tank 1 through the high-pressure water pump 10, then enters the test section 22 and the water turbine and flows into the low-level water tank 7; the low-pressure water pump 8 continuously pumps the water in the low-level water tank 7 into the high-level water tank 9 to replenish the water in the high-level water tank 9.
The pressure in the high-pressure gas storage tank 3 is controlled through the adjustable pressure valve 4, so that the flow speed of the ultra-high-speed test water tunnel 5 is controlled.
When the water tunnel works, the water turbine 6 starts to work to supplement the electricity consumption of other equipment such as the low-pressure water pump 8 and the like.
Claims (9)
1. An adjustable ultrahigh flow speed and large flow water tunnel system is characterized by comprising a high-pressure water storage tank (1), a supercharger (2), a high-pressure gas storage tank (3), an adjustable pressure valve (4), an ultrahigh speed test water tunnel (5), a water turbine (6), a low-level water pool (7) and a high-level water pool (9);
the upper part in the high-pressure water storage tank (1) is a gas medium, and the lower part is a water medium;
the upper part of the high-pressure water storage tank (1) is connected back to the upper part of the high-pressure water storage tank (1) through a supercharger (2), a high-pressure air storage tank (3) and an adjustable pressure valve (4) in sequence to form a gas loop;
the lower part of the high-pressure water storage tank (1) is connected back to the lower part of the high-pressure water storage tank (1) through an ultra-high speed test water tunnel (5), a water turbine (6), a low-level water pool (7) and a high-level water pool (9) in sequence to form a water loop;
a low-pressure water pump (8) is arranged between the low-level water tank (7) and the high-level water tank (9), and a high-pressure water pump (10) is arranged between the high-level water tank (9) and the high-pressure water storage tank (1); the high-pressure water storage tank (1) is respectively provided with an air inlet and a water outlet;
a steam-water interface in the high-pressure water storage tank (1) is provided with a diaphragm which can float on the surface of a water medium, and the area of the diaphragm is larger than that of the water surface, so that high-pressure air is prevented from being dissolved in water.
2. The adjustable ultrahigh-flow-rate large-flow water tunnel system according to claim 1, characterized in that a one-way check valve (11) is arranged between the high-pressure water pump (10) and the high-pressure water storage tank (1).
3. The adjustable ultrahigh-flow-rate large-flow water tunnel system according to claim 1, wherein an air inlet valve (15) is arranged on an air inlet of the high-pressure water storage tank (1), and a water discharge valve (14) and a water discharge pump (12) are sequentially arranged on a water discharge outlet.
4. The adjustable ultrahigh-flow-rate large-flow water tunnel system according to claim 1, characterized in that a pressure stabilizing valve (16) is arranged between the high-pressure water storage tank (1) and the supercharger (2).
5. The adjustable ultrahigh-flow-rate large-flow water tunnel system according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure water storage tank (1), the high-pressure air storage tank (3), the supercharger (2), the high-pressure water pump (10) and the high-level water tank (9) are all arranged on the ground, and the low-pressure water pump (8), the water turbine (6) and the ultrahigh-speed test water tunnel (5) are arranged on the ground or in a valley below the ground or in a cave with the depth range of 50-450 m underground.
6. The adjustable ultrahigh-flow-rate large-flow water tunnel system according to claim 1, wherein the ultrahigh-speed test water tunnel (5) comprises an inlet reducing channel (21), a test section (22) and an outlet (23) which are sequentially and integrally arranged; the inlet reducing channel (21) is a contraction section, the test section (22) adopts a channel with a uniform section, and the outlet (23) adopts a gradually-expanded section.
7. The adjustable ultrahigh-flow-rate large-flow water tunnel system according to claim 1, wherein the electric energy output end of the water turbine (6) is respectively connected with at least one of a low-pressure water pump (8), a high-pressure water pump (10) and a drainage pump (12).
8. The adjustable ultrahigh-flow-rate large-flow water tunnel system according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the ultrahigh-speed test water tunnel (5) is coated with a superhydrophobic coating, and the inner wall of the downstream drain pipe is coated with or provided with an elastic material.
9. A method for regulating and controlling an adjustable ultrahigh-flow-rate large-flow water tunnel system is characterized in that based on the water tunnel system of any one of claims 1 to 8, a high-pressure water storage tank (1) and a high-pressure gas storage tank (3) are assumed to be filled with gas media in an initial state, and the pressure is the same as the outside; the high-level water tank (9) is filled with water, and the low-level water tank (7) is free of water; the following regulation and control are carried out on the method,
a compression stage;
the high-pressure water pump (10) and the supercharger (2) start to work, so that water enters the high-pressure water storage tank (1), air in the high-pressure water storage tank (1) is compressed to enter the high-pressure air storage tank (3), and the high-pressure water storage tank stops working after at least half of the volume in the container is filled with water; discharging water in the high-pressure water storage tank (1) into a high-level water pool (9), and sucking air into the high-pressure water storage tank (1) through an air inlet;
repeating the operation until the gas pressure in the high-pressure gas storage tank (1) reaches the value required by the water tunnel experiment, and not draining water after the last water filling process;
a working stage;
the water flow is pressurized by a high-pressure water pump (10) and flows into a high-pressure water storage tank (1), then enters a water tunnel test section (5) and a water turbine after being stabilized by the high-pressure water storage tank, and finally flows into a low-level water pool (7); the low-pressure water pump (8) continuously pumps the water in the low-level water tank (7) into the high-level water tank (9) to supplement the water in the high-pressure water tank (1); the pressure in the high-pressure gas storage tank (3) is controlled through the adjustable pressure valve (4), so that the flow speed of the ultra-high-speed test water hole (5) is controlled, and the test section of the high-speed water flow is ensured to have continuous and stable high-speed water flow.
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| CN112268789B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-11-18 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | High-speed water flow impact test device |
| CN113175464B (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-11-11 | 郑州大学 | Hydrodynamic cavitation equipment based on high-speed stable water flow generator |
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| CN103149011B (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2015-04-15 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 | Test device and method for forming high-speed stable flow field |
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