CN108571415B - High-pressure heat-insulation air storage, water pumping and compressed air energy storage system - Google Patents
High-pressure heat-insulation air storage, water pumping and compressed air energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108571415B CN108571415B CN201810291346.XA CN201810291346A CN108571415B CN 108571415 B CN108571415 B CN 108571415B CN 201810291346 A CN201810291346 A CN 201810291346A CN 108571415 B CN108571415 B CN 108571415B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/06—Combinations of two or more pumps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-pressure heat-insulation air storage, pumping and compressed air energy storage system.A supercharger directly enters air in a water-gas common chamber into an air storage vertical shaft to maintain the pressure of the air in the water-gas common chamber stable. Because of the heat storage function of the gas storage vertical shaft, the potential energy and the heat energy of the compressed air are stored at the same time. In the energy release stage, the output electric energy of the system comprises two parts: one part, high-pressure air with certain temperature in the vertical shaft enters a turbine to expand and do work; the water in the other part of the water-gas common-holding cabin pushes the water turbine to generate electric energy, so that the energy storage density and the operation efficiency of the system are improved. Because the heat insulation layer is arranged outside the gas storage vertical shaft, the temperature of the air in the gas storage vertical shaft is higher, and the temperature of the air is reduced after the air flows through the turbine for expansion, so that the lower temperature in the water-gas common-volume cabin is ensured, and the water turbine is prevented from being damaged by the temperature rise of water. The invention stores high-pressure air by using the air storage vertical shaft, thereby greatly reducing the investment cost of the high-pressure container, shortening the recovery period of the energy storage system and improving the operating economy of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric energy physical storage, in particular to a high-pressure heat-insulation air storage, water pumping and compressed air energy storage system.
Background
With the increasingly prominent energy environmental problem, renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy are paid more and more attention, but the development of the renewable energy sources is greatly challenged due to the problems of fluctuation and randomness of the renewable energy sources, insufficient peak regulation capacity of the existing power grid and the like. The energy storage system is used as a transition system between a power plant and a power grid, and can effectively solve the grid connection problem of renewable energy. In addition, the energy storage system can smooth the load fluctuation of the power grid, and the safety and the controllability of the power grid are improved. In the existing energy storage mode, because of the limitation of factors such as energy storage scale, discharge time, technical maturity and the like, only compressed air energy storage and pumped storage can be applied on a large scale at present.
However, the compressed air energy storage and pumped storage system also has certain disadvantages. The compressed air energy storage system has many internal heat exchange links and large irreversible loss, and a large amount of fuel needs to be consumed in the power generation stage in order to ensure higher output power and efficiency; the pumped storage system has high requirements on the terrain and water source.
In order to solve the problems, the power energy storage system with the water-gas common-holding cabin is proposed by people of the royal glowing and other people of the western-security traffic university for the first time, and the power energy storage system with the constant-pressure water-gas common-holding cabin is proposed according to the variable working condition working characteristics of the system in the power generation and energy storage processes (CN 201210099690.1). According to the constant-pressure water-gas common-tank power energy storage system, steam is supplemented into the water-gas common-tank by the steam boiler, so that the constant pressure in the water-gas common-tank is ensured, and the water turbine generator set is further ensured to run under a stable working condition to generate power. However, the higher temperature of the water vapor can reduce the safety of the common accommodating chamber to a certain extent and can accelerate the corrosion of the water vapor common accommodating chamber. The research group has therefore proposed a water-gas common-tank power storage system (CN201410312066.4) with high-pressure gas tanks at constant pressure. The system conveys air from the water-gas common-holding cabin to the high-pressure air storage tank through the booster in the energy storage process, and the air in the high-pressure air storage chamber in the energy release process is reduced to a fixed pressure through the pressure stabilizing valve and then enters the water-gas common-holding cabin, so that the aim of keeping the water discharge of the water-gas common-holding cabin at a constant pressure is fulfilled. In the process of energy storage, the pressure in the high-pressure gas storage tank is continuously increased, the back pressure of the supercharger is increased, and the flow of the supercharger is continuously changed to cause the fluctuation of the pressure in the water-gas containing tank; under the high-pressure condition, the solubility of gas in the cabin in water is increased rapidly, and the dissolved gas can cause the serious cavitation phenomenon of the blades of the water turbine, thereby causing serious safety accidents; in the power generation process, the pressure of air in the high-pressure air storage chamber is reduced through the pressure stabilizing valve, so that energy loss is caused; in addition, the high-pressure gas storage tank has huge investment cost, and the operation economy is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-pressure heat-insulation air storage water pumping compressed air energy storage system which overcomes the defects of the prior art, and has high energy storage density, high operation efficiency and low investment cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-pressure heat-insulation air storage, water pumping and compressed air energy storage system comprises a reservoir, a water-gas common-holding cabin and an air storage vertical shaft, wherein the reservoir is connected to a water inlet of the water-gas common-holding cabin through a valve and a water pump unit, and a water outlet of the water-gas common-holding cabin is connected with the reservoir through a valve and a water turbine unit; the water turbine set is connected to the generator;
a hollow steel plate which can float along with the liquid level in the water-gas common accommodating cabin is arranged in the water-gas common accommodating cabin;
the gas outlet at the upper end of the water-gas common chamber is respectively connected to a turbine and a supercharger through valves, and the turbine and the supercharger are respectively connected to a gas storage vertical shaft through valves;
the booster is connected to the motor and the compressor unit and the turbine is connected to the generator.
Furthermore, a spiral guide rail is arranged in the inner part of the water-gas-containing bulkhead surface, and the hollow steel plate slides in the spiral guide rail along with the liquid level.
Furthermore, the lower surface of the round hollow steel plate is an inclined surface, the cross section of the volume symmetric surface of the hollow steel plate is a right-angled triangle, and the larger acute angle of the cross section is the same as the helix angle of the spiral guide rail.
Furthermore, an inclined plane below the round hollow steel plate is provided with a vertically placed steel plate, and the lower surface of the steel plate is parallel to the upper surface of the round hollow steel plate.
Furthermore, a circle of clamping sleeve is arranged at the upper water level inside the water-gas common holding cabin, and the clamping sleeve can be matched with the hollow steel plate.
Furthermore, the supercharger adopts a positive displacement piston compressor or a screw compressor, and adopts a working mode of connecting a plurality of superchargers in parallel; the turbine is provided with a dynamic and static blade adjusting device and adopts a sliding pressure operation working mode.
Further, the gas storage vertical shaft is used for storing high-pressure air and comprises an upper industrial pipeline and a lower industrial pipeline, and the upper industrial pipeline and the lower industrial pipeline are connected through flanges; the pipe wall thickness of the upper industrial pipeline is larger than that of the lower industrial pipeline, and the inner diameter of the upper industrial pipeline is smaller than that of the lower industrial pipeline.
Further, the outer side of the gas storage vertical shaft is sequentially provided with a heat-insulating coating, a heat-insulating pipe shell and a waterproof material.
Furthermore, the water turbine unit, the water pump unit, the turbine, the supercharger, the compressor unit and all valves are connected with a controller.
Further, a liquid level sensor and a pressure sensor are installed at the top of the water-gas common chamber, and both the liquid level sensor and the pressure sensor are connected to the controller.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
in the high-pressure heat-insulation air storage and pumping compressed air energy storage system, in the energy storage stage, air in the water-air common chamber directly enters the air storage vertical shaft after passing through the supercharger, and potential energy and heat energy of the compressed air are stored simultaneously due to the heat storage effect of the air storage vertical shaft, and in the energy release stage, the output electric energy of the system comprises two parts: one part, high-pressure air with certain temperature in the vertical shaft enters a turbine to expand and do work; the water in the other part of the water-gas containing cabin pushes the water turbine to generate electric energy, the energy storage density and the operation efficiency of the system are improved, and the heat insulation layer is arranged outside the air storage vertical shaft, so that the temperature of air in the air storage vertical shaft is higher, the temperature of the air flowing through the turbine is reduced after expansion, the lower temperature of the water-gas containing cabin is ensured, and the water turbine is prevented from being damaged due to the temperature rise of the water. The invention stores high-pressure air by using the air storage vertical shaft, thereby greatly reducing the investment cost of the high-pressure container, shortening the recovery period of the energy storage system and improving the operating economy of the system. The invention adopts the positive displacement supercharger to ensure that the flow of air flowing out of the water-air common chamber is constant in the energy storage stage, and the pressure in the water-air common chamber is kept unchanged by matching with the flow of the water pump; the capacity-variable supercharger has stronger working condition changing capability, and can keep higher operation efficiency when the pressure in the gas storage vertical shaft is gradually increased; the turbine adopts a sliding pressure operation mode, so that the energy loss of the throttling pressure stabilizing valve part in the energy release stage is avoided, and the system efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, the hollow steel plate is arranged, so that the contact area between the water surface and the gas in the water-gas common-chamber is reduced, the dissolving amount of the air in the water is greatly reduced, the safe and efficient operation of the water turbine is ensured, and the cavitation phenomenon is effectively controlled.
Furthermore, when the energy storage stage is finished, the clamping sleeve in the water-gas containing cabin is matched with the hollow steel plate to separate air from water, and the supercharger continues to work for a short time to ensure that the pressure of the water in the water-gas containing cabin is slightly greater than that of the air, so that the air cannot be dissolved in the water in the interval time period of energy storage and energy release.
Furthermore, the spiral guide rail in the water-gas containing cabin and the steel plate vertically arranged at the lower part of the hollow steel plate reduce the possibility of generating vortexes in the water-gas containing cabin.
Furthermore, when the air flow is large in the energy storage stage, the supercharger adopts a mode of connecting a plurality of superchargers in parallel, so that the defect that the flow of the volume type supercharger is small is overcome.
Furthermore, the diameter of the pipeline at the upper part of the gas storage vertical shaft is smaller, and the thickness of the pipeline is larger so as to increase the pressure bearing capacity of the gas storage vertical shaft; the lower pipeline has larger diameter and thinner pipe wall so as to reduce the cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the high-pressure heat-insulation air-storage water-pumping compressed air energy storage system of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of a hollow steel plate.
Fig. 3 is a side view of a hollow steel plate.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the inside of the water-gas common tank.
Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a helical guideway.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the industrial pipelines of the gas storage shaft.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the parallel operation of three turbochargers.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the assembly of the hollow steel plate.
FIG. 9 is a schematic axial view of a hollow steel plate.
Wherein, 1, a water reservoir; 2. a water-gas common-holding cabin; 3. a gas storage shaft; 4. a turbine; 5. a supercharger; 6. a compressor unit; 7. a water-gas separator; 8. a controller; 9. a water pump unit; 10. a water turbine set; 11. a motor; 12. an electric motor; 13. a generator; 14. a first three-way valve; 15. a second three-way valve; 16. a fourth three-way valve; 17. a third three-way valve; 18. a first four-way valve; 19. a liquid level sensor; 20-21, a pressure sensor; 22. a card sleeve; 23. a hollow steel plate; 24. a helical guide rail; 25. an upper pulley; 26. a lower pulley; 27. a steel plate; 28. an industrial pipeline; 29. a heat-insulating coating; 30. a heat preservation pipe shell; 31. a water-resistant material; 32 flange.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the high-pressure heat-insulation gas-storage water-pumping compressed air energy storage system comprises a water storage tank 1, a water pump unit 9, a water turbine unit 10, a water-gas common chamber 2, a hollow steel plate 23, a gas-storage vertical shaft 3, a supercharger 5, a turbine 4 and a water-gas separator 7;
the water inlet and the water outlet of the water-gas containing chamber 2 are the same water inlet and outlet, the water storage tank 1 is connected with the water inlet and outlet at the bottom of the water-gas containing chamber 2 through a first three-way valve 14 and a water pump unit 9, and meanwhile, the water inlet and outlet at the bottom of the water-gas containing chamber 2 is connected with the water storage tank 1 through the first three-way valve 14 and a water turbine unit 10; an air inlet and an air outlet at the top of the water-gas common accommodating chamber 2 are connected with an air storage vertical shaft 3 through a second three-way valve 15, a water-gas separator 7, a third three-way valve 17, a supercharger 5 and a first four-way valve 18, and the air storage vertical shaft 3 is communicated with the top of the water-gas common accommodating chamber 2 through the first four-way valve 18, a turbine 4, a fourth three-way valve 16 and the second three-way valve 15; the supercharger 5 is connected with a motor 12, and the turbine 4 is connected with a generator 13; the supercharger adopts a positive displacement type so as to control the flow of air in the energy storage stage to be kept constant; and the variable working condition capability of the positive displacement supercharger is stronger, and higher operation efficiency can be kept when the pressure in the gas storage vertical shaft is increased. The expander adopts an impeller type, and the turbine is operated in a sliding pressure mode by adjusting the angle of an inlet guide vane in an energy release stage.
When the compressor unit 6 operates, air is absorbed from the outside, is driven by the motor 11 to be compressed through the series connection of the third three-way valve 17 and the supercharger 5, and is stored into the water-gas common-chamber and the gas storage vertical shaft through the first four-way valve 18, the fourth three-way valve 16 and the second three-way valve 15, wherein the compressor unit 6 can be determined according to the required pressure ratio, generally 2-3 sections of compressors are connected in series, and the temperature of high-pressure air at the outlet of the compressor is reduced and the power consumption of the compressor unit is reduced by adopting an interstage cooling mode; after the air in the water-air containing chamber 2 reaches a preset pressure, the compressor unit 6 stops working; the air in the water-gas common chamber 2 is compressed by a second three-way valve 15, a water-gas separator 7 and a third three-way valve 17 through a supercharger 5 and then directly enters the gas storage vertical shaft 3, and the gas storage vertical shaft 3 can be one or formed by connecting a plurality of gas storage vertical shafts in parallel; meanwhile, the water pump 9 starts to work, the water in the water storage tank 1 is pumped into the water-gas common accommodating chamber 2, when the water in the water-gas common accommodating chamber 2 reaches the lower limit of the water level, the water pump 9 and the supercharger 5 stop working, in the process, the volume flow of the water in the water pump 9 is equal to that of the air in the supercharger 5, so that the pressure in the water-gas common accommodating chamber 2 is constant, at this time, the system is ready to work, and the compressor unit 6 does not work in the subsequent energy storage and release processes. The turbine 4 is provided with a dynamic and static blade adjusting device and adopts a sliding pressure operation working mode.
In the energy storage stage, the water pump 9 is driven by renewable energy or surplus electric energy of a power grid, water is sent to the water-gas common chamber 2 from the water storage tank 1 through the first three-way valve 14, meanwhile, air in the water-gas common chamber 2 enters the inlet of the supercharger 5 through the first three-way valve 15, the water-gas separator 7 and the third three-way valve 17, the air is compressed by the supercharger 5 and then directly stored in the gas storage vertical shaft 3 through the first four-way valve 18, in order to ensure that the pressure in the water-gas common chamber 2 is constant, the volume flow of the water in the water pump 9 is equal to the volume flow of the air in the supercharger 5 in the process, and the energy storage process is finished when the water level in the water-gas common chamber 2 reaches.
In the energy releasing stage, high-pressure air with a certain temperature in the air storage vertical shaft 3 enters an inlet of the turbine 4 through the first four-way valve 18 to push the turbine 4 to do work to drive the generator 13 to generate electric energy, the air expanded to a fixed pressure enters the water-gas common accommodating chamber through the fourth three-way valve 16 and the second three-way valve 15, meanwhile, water in the water-gas common accommodating chamber 2 enters the water turbine 10 through the first three-way valve 14 to push the water turbine to generate electricity to do work, in the process, the volume flow of the air in the turbine 4 and the volume flow of the water turbine 10 are kept equal to achieve the purpose of keeping the pressure in the water-gas common accommodating chamber 2 constant, and when the water level height in the water-gas common accommodating chamber 2 reaches a preset lower limit, the.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a circular hollow steel plate 23 is placed in the water-gas common chamber 2, the hollow steel plate 23 can float on the water surface of the water-gas common chamber 2, and the water surface is just parallel to the upper surface of the hollow steel plate 23, so that the water surface of the water-gas common chamber 2 is covered by the hollow steel plate 23, the contact area between water and air is reduced, and the dissolving amount of air in water is reduced; beams forming an angle of 60 degrees with each other are arranged inside the hollow steel plate 23 so as to increase the bearing capacity of the hollow steel plate 23; the diameter of the periphery of the hollow steel plate 23 is provided with an upper pulley 25 and a lower pulley 26, the upper pulley 25 is positioned on the upper side of the periphery of the hollow steel plate 23 and is lower than the upper surface of the hollow steel plate 23, so that the pulley 25 is isolated from air and is prevented from being rusted, and the lower pulley 26 is positioned on the lower side of the periphery of the hollow steel plate 23.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, a spiral guide rail 24 is arranged in the wall surface of the water-gas common chamber 2 to guide the hollow steel plate 23 to move in the energy storage and release processes, and the hollow steel plate 23 rises or falls spirally under the combined action of the buoyancy of water and the guide rail 24 in the rising or falling process of the water level and is opposite to the rotation direction of the water to avoid the formation of vortexes; the clamping sleeve 22 is arranged at the upper water level of the water-gas containing chamber 2, the clamping sleeve 22 can be matched with the hollow steel plate 23, referring to fig. 8, when the air storage process is finished, the hollow steel plate 23 floats to the upper water level along with the water surface and is connected with the clamping sleeve 22, at the moment, the booster set 5 continues to work for a short time, a part of air enters the booster 5 from the water-gas containing chamber 2 through the three-way valve 15, the water-gas separator 7 and the three-way valve 17 to be compressed and then is sent to the air storage vertical shaft 3 through the four-way valve 18, so that the pressure of the upper air in the water-gas containing chamber 2 is slightly smaller than that of the lower water, the air and the water are isolated within the interval time of the energy storage. Through using tee bend and four-way valve, reduced the business turn over gas port and the inlet outlet of aqueous vapor common chamber and gas storage shaft, reduced the degree of difficulty of equipment processing, increased the reliability.
As shown in fig. 9, the lower surface of the circular hollow steel plate 23 is an inclined surface, the cross section of the volume symmetric surface of the hollow steel plate 23 is a right triangle, and the larger acute angle is the same as the helical angle of the helical guide rail 24; a vertically arranged steel plate 27 is arranged on an inclined plane below the round hollow steel plate 23, and the lower surface of the steel plate 27 is parallel to the upper surface of the round hollow steel plate 23, so that the influence capacity of the hollow steel plate 23 on water is increased, and the formation of vortexes is reduced; the upper and lower pulleys 25 and 26 are located on the horizontal extension of the end point of the hypotenuse of the right triangle to ensure that the hollow steel plate 23 can move along the helical guide 24 and that the upper surface remains horizontal during movement; the spiral guide rail 24 adopts an electric arc zinc spraying process to prevent the guide rail from being rusted; the spiral guide rail 24 and the water-gas containing cabin 2 are connected by polyurethane adhesive.
Referring to fig. 6, the gas storage vertical shaft 3 is used for storing high-pressure air, the gas storage vertical shaft 3 includes an upper industrial pipeline and a lower industrial pipeline, and the upper industrial pipeline and the lower industrial pipeline are connected through a flange 32; the pipe wall thickness of the upper industrial pipeline is larger than that of the lower industrial pipeline, the inner diameter of the upper industrial pipeline is smaller than that of the lower industrial pipeline, the outer side of the gas storage vertical shaft 3 is sequentially provided with a heat-insulating coating 29, a heat-insulating pipe shell 30 and a waterproof material, the heat-insulating coating 29 is made of composite silicate, and the heat-insulating pipe shell 30 is made of rock wool; the outermost layer of the heat insulation section is covered by a waterproof material so as to ensure the heat insulation effect of the heat insulation coating 29 and the heat insulation pipe shell 30, and the waterproof material 31 is polyethylene.
Referring to fig. 7, when the air flow entering the supercharger 5 from the water-gas containing chamber 2 is large in the energy storage stage, a parallel operation mode of multiple superchargers is adopted, each supercharger is driven by a motor and a valve is arranged at an inlet, and then the supercharged air is conveyed into the air storage vertical shaft 3 through the first four-way valve 18 through the same pipeline, so that the pressure in the water-gas containing chamber 2 is ensured to be constant.
The top of the water-gas common holding chamber 2 is provided with a liquid level sensor 19 and a pressure sensor 20, the liquid level sensor 19 adopts a photoelectric liquid level sensor, the pressure sensor 20 adopts a piezoresistive pressure sensor, and the top of the water-gas common holding chamber 2 is provided with a hole for passing a signal line. The pressure in the water-gas containing chamber 2 is constant, and the pressure of the water storage tank 1 is the ambient pressure.
The water pump set 9, the water turbine set 10, the generator 13, the motors 11-12, the three-way valves 14-17 and the four-way valve 18 are all connected with the controller 8, and the controller 8 controls the start and stop of the water pump set 9, the water turbine set 10, the generator 13 and the motors 11-12 and the on-off and opening degrees of the three-way valve and the four-way valve 14-18 according to signals measured by the liquid level sensor 20 and the pressure sensor 21.
The specific working process and principle of the invention are as follows:
(1) in the pre-compression stage, the controller 8 adjusts a third three-way valve to connect the compressor unit 6 with the supercharger 5, a first four-way valve 18 connects the supercharger 5 with the gas storage vertical shaft 3, a second three-way valve 15, a fourth three-way valve 16 and the first four-way valve 18 connect the gas storage vertical shaft 3 with the water and gas co-containing chamber 2, then the compressor unit 6 and the supercharger 5 start to work, air enters the gas storage vertical shaft 3 and the water and gas co-containing chamber 2 through the compressor unit 6, the second three-way valve 15, the fourth three-way valve 16, the third three-way valve 17, the supercharger 5 and the first four-way valve 18, and the compressor unit 6 stops working after the pressure in the water and gas co-containing chamber 2 reaches a preset value; air in the water-gas containing chamber 2 directly enters the gas storage vertical shaft 3 after being compressed by the supercharger 5 through the second three-way valve 15, the water-gas separator 7 and the third three-way valve 17, meanwhile, the water pump 9 starts to work, the water in the reservoir 1 is pumped into the water-gas containing chamber 2, when the water in the water-gas containing chamber 2 reaches the lower limit of the water level, the water pump 9 and the supercharger 5 stop working, and in the process, the volume flow of the water in the water pump 9 is equal to the volume flow of the air in the supercharger 5, so that the pressure in the water-gas containing chamber 2 is ensured to be constant.
(2) In the energy storage stage, a first three-way valve 14 connects a water pump 9 with a water-gas common chamber 2, a second three-way valve 15 connects the water-gas common chamber 2 with a water-gas separator 7, a third three-way valve 17 connects the water-gas separator 7 with an air inlet of a supercharger 5, a first four-way valve 18 connects an air outlet of the supercharger 5 with an air storage vertical shaft 3, the water pump 9 is driven by renewable energy or surplus electric energy of a power grid, water is delivered to the water-gas common chamber 2 from a reservoir 1 through the first three-way valve 14, meanwhile, the air in the water-gas common chamber 2 enters the inlet of the piston supercharger 5 through the second three-way valve 15, the water-gas separator 7 and the third three-way valve 17, flows through the first four-way valve 18 after being compressed and is directly stored in the gas storage vertical shaft 3, in the process, in order to ensure that the pressure in the water-gas common chamber 2 is constant, the volume flow of water in the water pump 9 is the same as that of air in the supercharger 5.
(3) In the energy releasing stage, a first four-way valve 18 connects the gas storage vertical shaft 3 with the gas inlet of the turbine 4, a second three-way valve 15 and a fourth three-way valve 16 connect the gas outlet of the turbine 4 with the water-gas containing chamber 2, a first three-way valve 14 connects the water-gas containing chamber 2 with the water turbine 10, high-pressure air with certain temperature in the gas storage vertical shaft 3 enters the inlet of the turbine 4 through the first four-way valve 18 to push the turbine 4 to do work to drive the generator 13 to generate electric energy, and air expanded to a fixed pressure enters the water-gas containing chamber 2 through the second three-way valve 15 and the fourth three-way valve 16, meanwhile, water in the water-gas containing cabin 2 enters the water turbine 10 through the first three-way valve 14 to push the water turbine to generate power and do work, in the process, the volume flow of air in the turbine 4 and the volume flow of water in the water turbine 10 are equal, so that the pressure in the water-gas common chamber 2 is kept constant.
The invention solves the problems of poor adaptability to terrain and water sources, high investment cost, and low energy storage efficiency and density of the traditional pumped storage system.
1. In the energy storage stage of the invention, the air in the water-gas common chamber 2 is directly stored in the air storage vertical shaft after passing through the supercharger 5, so that the pressure energy and the compression heat energy are stored, the air storage pressure is improved, the investment cost of a high-pressure container is greatly reduced, the recovery period of an energy storage system is shortened, and the economical efficiency of the system operation is improved.
2. In the energy storage stage of the invention, the supercharger 5 adopts a positive displacement piston compressor or a screw compressor to ensure that the flow of the air flowing out of the water-gas common chamber 2 is constant, and the pressure in the water-gas common chamber 2 is ensured to be unchanged by matching with the flow of water in the water pump 9; along with the increase of the pressure in the gas storage vertical shaft 3, the power consumption is reduced by changing the pressure ratio of the supercharger 5, and the system efficiency is improved.
3. In the energy release stage, high-pressure air with a certain temperature in the gas storage vertical shaft 3 enters the turbine 4 to perform expansion and work, so that energy loss is reduced, and the system efficiency and the energy storage density are improved; along with the reduction of the pressure in the gas storage vertical shaft 3, the pressure of the outlet air is constant by changing the expansion ratio of the turbine 4, and the pressure in the water-gas common chamber 2 is further ensured to be constant.
4. The invention adopts the hollow steel plate 23 to reduce the contact area between water and air in the water-gas common chamber 2; the spiral guide rail is designed in the water-gas containing chamber 2, so that the generation of vortexes in the water inlet and drainage processes in the water-gas containing chamber 2 is avoided; after the energy storage stage is finished, the supercharger 4 continues to work for a period of time, so that the pressure of water in the water-gas common chamber 2 is slightly greater than the pressure of air, the air is prevented from being dissolved in the water in the interval time of energy storage and energy release, and the safe and efficient operation of the water turbine is ensured.
5. The invention adopts the three-way valve and the four-way valve, reduces the air inlet and the water outlet of the water-gas common chamber and the air storage vertical shaft, reduces the difficulty of equipment processing and increases the reliability.
Claims (5)
1. A high-pressure heat-insulation air storage water pumping compressed air energy storage system is characterized by comprising an impounding reservoir (1), a water-gas common-containing cabin (2) and an air storage vertical shaft (3), wherein the impounding reservoir (1) is connected to a water inlet of the water-gas common-containing cabin (2) through a valve and a water pump unit (9), and a water outlet of the water-gas common-containing cabin (2) is connected with the impounding reservoir (1) through a valve and a water turbine unit (10); the water turbine set (10) is connected to a generator;
a hollow steel plate (23) which can float along with the liquid level in the water-gas common chamber (2) is arranged in the water-gas common chamber (2); a spiral guide rail (24) is arranged in the wall surface of the water-gas common chamber (2), and the hollow steel plate (23) slides in the spiral guide rail (24) along with the liquid level; the lower surface of the round hollow steel plate (23) is an inclined plane, the cross section of the volume symmetry plane of the hollow steel plate (23) is a right-angled triangle, and the larger acute angle of the cross section is the same as the helical angle of the spiral guide rail (24); a vertically placed steel plate (27) is arranged on an inclined plane below the round hollow steel plate (23), and the lower surface of the steel plate (27) is parallel to the upper surface of the round hollow steel plate (23); a circle of clamping sleeve (22) is arranged at the upper water level inside the water-gas containing cabin (2), and the clamping sleeve (22) can be matched with the hollow steel plate (23);
the gas outlet at the upper end of the water-gas common chamber (2) is respectively connected to the turbine (4) and the booster (5) through valves, and the turbine (4) and the booster (5) are respectively connected to the gas storage vertical shaft (3) through valves; the outer side of the gas storage vertical shaft (3) is sequentially provided with a heat-insulating coating (29), a heat-insulating pipe shell (30) and a waterproof material (31);
the booster (5) is connected with the motor (12) and the compressor unit (6), and the turbine (4) is connected with the generator (13).
2. The high-pressure adiabatic gas storage pumped compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the supercharger (5) adopts a positive displacement piston compressor or a screw compressor, and adopts a plurality of parallel working modes; the turbine (4) is provided with a dynamic and static blade adjusting device and adopts a sliding pressure operation working mode.
3. The high-pressure heat-insulation gas-storage pumped compressed air energy storage system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas storage shaft (3) is used for storing high-pressure air, the gas storage shaft (3) comprises an upper industrial pipeline and a lower industrial pipeline, and the upper industrial pipeline and the lower industrial pipeline are connected through a flange (32); the pipe wall thickness of the upper industrial pipeline is larger than that of the lower industrial pipeline, and the inner diameter of the upper industrial pipeline is smaller than that of the lower industrial pipeline.
4. The high-pressure adiabatic gas storage pumped-compressed air energy storage system according to claim 3, wherein the water turbine set (10), the water pump set (9), the turbine (4), the supercharger (5), the compressor set (6) and all valves are connected to the controller (8).
5. The high-pressure heat-insulation gas-storage water-pumping compressed air energy storage system according to claim 3, wherein a liquid level sensor (19) and a pressure sensor (20) are mounted at the top of the water-gas common chamber (2), and the liquid level sensor (19) and the pressure sensor (20) are both connected to the controller (8).
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| CN110259662B (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-06-19 | 西安交通大学 | Auxiliary pressurizing and reheating type compressed air energy storage system and method based on double-well structure hot salt well |
| IL269163B (en) | 2019-09-08 | 2020-05-31 | Augwind Ltd | System for energy storage and electrical power generation |
| US11532949B2 (en) | 2019-09-08 | 2022-12-20 | Augwind Ltd. | System for energy storage and electrical power generation |
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| CN113958440B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-07-12 | 西安交通大学 | Water-gas double-working-medium energy storage method and system |
| CN114123524B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-24 | 百穰新能源科技(深圳)有限公司 | Composite energy storage system and control method thereof |
| CN114754519B (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2023-03-14 | 西安交通大学 | Pumped compressed air energy storage system and method for storing energy and heat by using geothermal well |
| CN114934869A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-23 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Low-speed isothermal compression combined energy storage system and method |
| CN115580030A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-01-06 | 势加透博(成都)科技有限公司 | Air compression station and control method |
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| US4095423A (en) * | 1977-05-05 | 1978-06-20 | Alexander Moiseevich Gorlov | Apparatus for harnessing tidal power |
| CN105756843B (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-12-15 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of double type pumped storage |
| CN107299891B (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2019-10-18 | 清华大学 | A kind of non-compensation combustion type compressed-air energy-storage system |
| CN106499612B (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2018-06-26 | 西安交通大学 | Compressed air double-energy storage system without external heat source |
| CN107489467B (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2023-11-14 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Compressed air pumping energy storage system |
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