CN116488353A - Photo-thermal, hydraulic pressure stabilizing and compressed air composite energy storage system and energy storage and release method - Google Patents
Photo-thermal, hydraulic pressure stabilizing and compressed air composite energy storage system and energy storage and release method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 625
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 296
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 185
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 71
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 40
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/003—Systems for storing electric energy in the form of hydraulic energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/006—Systems for storing electric energy in the form of pneumatic energy, e.g. compressed air energy storage [CAES]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/008—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photo-thermal, hydraulic pressure stabilizing and compressed air composite energy storage system and an energy storage and release method, comprising a water storage and release mechanism and a compressed air energy storage mechanism; the compressed air energy storage mechanism is provided with an air compressor, a motor, a generator and a gas-water shared bin for storing high-pressure gas; the water storage and drainage mechanism is provided with a high-level water tank and a circulating water pump; the high-level water tank is connected with the bottom of the air-water shared bin through a water-passing main pipe, the first water-passing electric valve is connected with an electric control device, and the electric control device is connected with a water tank water level sensor, a motor, an air compressor and a circulating water pump. The invention discloses a corresponding energy storage and release method. According to the invention, energy is stored and released through water and gas respectively, a hydroelectric generating set is not needed, the requirement on the capacity of a high-level water tank is low, and the device can adapt to more terrains and occasions; the water and air respectively store energy and release energy in a linkage way, so that the defect that the energy efficiency of the air compressor is obviously reduced after the air pressure is increased is avoided, the advantages of water energy storage and compressed air energy storage are achieved, and the defects of the water energy storage and the compressed air energy storage are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage.
Background
In recent years, the energy production and consumption structures of China are continuously optimized, the traditional energy utilization mode is changed faster, a novel power system mainly comprising new energy is improved, and the ratio of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind power and the like in the energy structures is continuously improved.
Photovoltaic and wind power have the characteristics of intermittence, volatility, uncertainty, aperiodicity and the like, and bring great challenges to safe operation and reliable supply of an electric power system. In order to fundamentally solve the problems, only large-scale storage technology of electric energy is developed.
The energy storage technology can convert intermittent energy with unstable characteristics into stable and controllable high-quality energy, and outputs stable electric energy outwards when the power grid is needed. Currently, among the energy storage modes, the large-scale energy storage technology which is industrially applied is only the pumped storage technology and the compressed air energy storage technology.
Pumped storage systems and compressed air storage systems have a number of advantages over other storage systems, but have unavoidable drawbacks. The pumped storage system has higher requirements on terrains and water sources, and needs to be realized by building dams and storing water in an upstream and a downstream water reservoirs, so that the ecological environment is damaged, the investment cost is high, and the economical efficiency is poor; in particular, pumped storage systems require the use of a hydro-generator set. The water capacity required by the water turbine generator set is large, the volume of the water turbine generator set is large, the cost of the water turbine generator set and the matched equipment is high, the water turbine generator set is not suitable for occasions with small capacity of a high-level water tank (the water pumping energy storage system is all required to be provided with the high-level water tank), and the water turbine generator set is obviously less easy to arrange compared with the equipment with small volume.
The compressed air energy storage system drives the generator to generate power through the expander, the volume is small, the cooperation of a high-level water pool is not needed, the whole arrangement is simple, and the cost is lower than that of the pumped storage system. The compressed air energy storage system has a plurality of internal heat exchange links, and in the working process, the problems of pressure reduction, variable working condition operation, large irreversible loss and the like inevitably exist, so that the power generation efficiency of the system is greatly reduced. As the pressure of the compressed air approaches the limit capacity (maximum gas pressure achievable) of the air compressor, the cost performance of the air compressor to raise the air pressure to store energy will be lost, and the power consumed by the air compressor will be much greater than the energy stored in the high pressure gas. Even if the limit capacity (maximum gas pressure achievable) of the air compressor is not approached, the air compressor has the characteristic that the higher the pressure is, the lower the energy efficiency is.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water storage and compressed air composite energy storage system which has small requirement on the capacity of a high-level water tank and avoids the defect of low energy efficiency caused by continuously using an air compressor for compressed air energy storage after the air pressure is high.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the photo-thermal hydraulic pressure stabilization and compressed air composite energy storage system comprises a water storage and drainage mechanism and a compressed air energy storage mechanism; the compressed air energy storage mechanism is provided with an air compressor, a motor, a generator and a gas-water shared bin for storing high-pressure gas; the water storage and drainage mechanism is provided with a high-level water tank and a circulating water pump; taking the flow direction of the fluid as the downstream direction;
The air-water shared bin is positioned below a high-level water tank, the high-level water tank is provided with a water tank dead water level and a water tank height-limiting water level, and the high-level water tank is provided with a water tank water level sensor;
the high-level water pool is connected with the bottom of the gas-water shared bin through a water-through main pipe and is used for improving the air pressure in the gas-water shared bin after the pressure in the gas-water shared bin exceeds a preset value P1, and a first water-through electromagnetic valve is arranged on the water-through main pipe; the middle part of the first water through valve and the air-water shared bin are positioned at the same horizontal height; when the water level in the high-level water tank is at the limited water level of the water tank, the water pressure at the first water-through solenoid valve and the air-water shared bin is P0; p1 is less than P0;
the first water-through valve is connected with an electric control device which is connected with the water level sensor of the water tank, the motor, the air compressor and the circulating water pump; the electric control device is pre-stored with preset P1 value, P0 value, water tank dead water level data and water tank limit high water level data.
The compressed air energy storage mechanism comprises an energy storage device, a power generation device, a gas main pipe and the gas-water shared bin;
the energy storage device comprises a motor, the motor is in driving connection with the air compressor, an outlet of the air compressor is connected with the gas main pipe through an energy storage air pipe, and an energy storage electromagnetic valve is arranged on the energy storage air pipe;
The power generation device comprises a power generation air pipe connected with the gas main pipe, the power generation air pipe is connected with an expander, and an output shaft of the expander is connected with the power generator; a power generation electromagnetic valve and a power generation check valve are connected in series on a power generation air pipe between the expander and the air main pipe;
the upper end of the gas main pipe is communicated with ambient air through an ambient electromagnetic valve; the gas-water shared bin is internally provided with a gas bin dead water level and a gas bin height-limiting water level, and is internally provided with a gas bin water level sensor and a gas pressure sensor; the electric control device is pre-stored with preset air bin dead water level and air bin height limit water level data; the volume A is the same as the volume B, the volume A is the volume of a gas-water shared bin between the dead water level of the gas bin and the height-limiting water level of the gas bin, and the volume B is the volume of a high-level water tank between the dead water level of the water tank and the height-limiting water level of the water tank;
the lower end of the gas main pipe extends to the bottom end of the gas-water shared bin and is communicated with the bottom of the gas-water shared bin below the dead water level of the gas bin; the bottom of the gas main pipe is connected in series with a gas bin check valve and a gas injection electromagnetic valve;
the gas main pipe above the gas injection solenoid valve is connected with the top of the gas-water shared bin above the gas bin height-limiting water level through a gas discharge power generation pipe, and a gas discharge solenoid valve is arranged on the gas discharge power generation pipe;
The electric control device is connected with the energy storage electromagnetic valve, the power generation electromagnetic valve, the environment electromagnetic valve, the deflation electromagnetic valve, the air bin water level sensor, the air pressure sensor and the air injection electromagnetic valve.
The water storage and drainage mechanism comprises the high-level water tank, the circulating water pump, the water-through main pipe and the first water-through valve; the water outlet pipe of the circulating water pump is communicated with the water inlet main pipe above the first water inlet valve, and a water outlet electromagnetic valve is arranged on the water outlet pipe; the water inlet pipe of the circulating water pump is connected with a gas-water shared bin below the dead water level of the gas bin, and a water inlet electromagnetic valve is arranged on the water inlet pipe; the air-water shared bin is arranged below the ground, a second water-through valve is arranged on the water-through main pipe above the ground, and the second water-through valve, the water-inlet electromagnetic valve and the water-outlet electromagnetic valve are all connected with the electric control device.
A heat storage heat exchanger is arranged on the energy storage air pipe in the upstream direction of the energy storage electromagnetic valve; compressed air flows through a tube side or a shell side of the heat storage heat exchanger;
the shell side or tube side of the heat storage heat exchanger is connected with the heat storage mechanism and is used for storing heat in the heat storage mechanism;
the power generation air pipe in the upstream direction of the expansion machine is provided with a heat exchanger for power generation, compressed air flows through a shell side or a tube side of the heat exchanger for power generation, and the tube side or the shell side of the heat exchanger for power generation is connected with the heat storage mechanism and is used for heating the compressed air by utilizing heat of the heat storage mechanism.
The heat storage mechanism is a molten salt heat storage mechanism and comprises an oil salt heat exchanger,
the tube side or the shell side of the oil-salt heat exchanger is used for absorbing heat of high-temperature compressed air in the heat storage heat exchanger through heat conduction oil;
the shell side or tube side of the oil-salt heat exchanger is circularly communicated with the tube side or shell side of the heat exchanger for power generation through a molten salt circulating pipeline; the molten salt circulating pipeline is provided with a molten salt circulating pump and a molten salt tank, and the molten salt circulating pump is connected with the molten salt tank.
The heat storage mechanism is specifically as follows:
the molten salt circulating pump comprises a molten salt low-temperature pump and a molten salt high-temperature pump;
the molten salt tank comprises a molten salt low-temperature tank and a molten salt high-temperature tank;
the shell side or tube side of the oil-salt heat exchanger is connected in series on a molten salt circulating pipeline, a molten salt outlet electromagnetic valve is arranged on the molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the oil-salt heat exchanger, and the molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the molten salt outlet electromagnetic valve is communicated with a molten salt low-temperature tank; the molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the outlet of the molten salt low-temperature tank is provided with a molten salt low-temperature pump, the molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the molten salt low-temperature pump is provided with a low-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve, and the molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the low-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve is communicated with the solar concentrating collector; a molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the solar concentrating collector is led into the molten salt high-temperature tank; a molten salt circulating pipeline between the molten salt high-temperature tank and the solar concentrating collector is provided with a high-temperature tank inlet electromagnetic valve; the molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the molten salt high-temperature tank is provided with a molten salt high-temperature pump, and the molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the molten salt high-temperature pump is provided with a high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve; the tube side or the shell side of the heat exchanger for power generation is connected in series on a molten salt circulating pipeline between the high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve and the oil salt heat exchanger;
The tube side or shell side of the oil-salt heat exchanger is connected in series on an inner heat-conducting oil circulation pipeline; the inner heat-conducting oil circulation pipeline is provided with a high-temperature heat-conducting oil container; the high-temperature heat conduction oil container stores heat conduction oil; the shell side or tube side of the heat storage heat exchanger is circularly communicated with the high-temperature heat conduction oil container through an external heat conduction oil circulation pipeline; the inner heat-conducting oil circulating pipeline is connected with an inner heat-conducting oil circulating pump in series, and the outer heat-conducting oil circulating pipeline is connected with an outer heat-conducting oil circulating pump in series;
the electric control device is connected with the external heat-conducting oil circulating pump, the molten salt low-temperature pump, the molten salt high-temperature pump, the molten salt outlet electromagnetic valve, the low-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve, the high-temperature tank inlet electromagnetic valve, the high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve and the internal heat-conducting oil circulating pump.
A temperature sensor and an electric heater are arranged in the molten salt high-temperature tank, and the electric heater is connected with a power grid; the temperature sensor and the electric heater are connected with the electric control device.
The high-level water tank below the dead water level of the water tank is connected with a water supplementing pipe which extends into the water source and is connected with a submersible pump in the water source; the water supplementing pipe is provided with a water supplementing electromagnetic valve, and the water supplementing electromagnetic valve and the submersible pump are connected with the electric control device; the high-level water tank is connected with an overflow pipe at the water level limiting position of the water tank.
The invention also discloses a corresponding energy storage and release method, which is carried out by adopting the photo-thermal hydraulic pressure stabilization and compressed air composite energy storage system according to the following steps:
step 1, water storage and energy storage;
in the night off-peak electricity price period, the electric control device closes the first water-through electromagnetic valve, opens the water inlet electromagnetic valve, the water outlet electromagnetic valve, the second water-through electromagnetic valve and the circulating water pump, and sends water in the air-water shared bin into the high-level water tank;
the electric control device closes the circulating water pump, the second water through valve, the first water through valve, the water outlet solenoid valve and the water inlet solenoid valve when the water level in the air-water shared bin is detected to be reduced to the dead water level of the air bin by the air bin water level sensor, and at the moment, the water level in the high-level water tank just reaches the water tank height-limiting water level to finish water storage and energy storage;
in the working process of the circulating water pump, when the air pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the air-water shared bin is reduced to 1 standard atmosphere, the electronic control device opens the environment electromagnetic valve and the air release electromagnetic valve to ensure that the pressure in the air-water shared bin is equal to the atmosphere;
step 2, compressed air energy storage;
after the step 1 is completed, the electronic control device closes the environment electromagnetic valve and the air release electromagnetic valve, opens the motor, the energy storage electromagnetic valve and the air injection electromagnetic valve, and drives the air compressor to inject compressed air into the air-water shared bin;
After the electric control device detects that the air pressure in the air-water shared bin reaches P1 through the air pressure sensor, the motor, the energy storage electromagnetic valve and the air injection electromagnetic valve are synchronously closed, and then the first water-through electromagnetic valve and the second water-through electromagnetic valve are opened, so that the water pressure in the high-level water tank is downwards transmitted to the air-water shared bin through the water-through main pipe, and the air pressure in the air-water shared bin is increased to a preset pressure P0; closing the first water-passing valve and the second water-passing valve to finish compressed air energy storage;
step 3 is peak energy release;
in the daytime peak electricity price period, the first water-through valve and the second water-through valve are opened, so that the water pressure in the high-level water tank flows downwards to the air-water shared bin through the water-through main pipe; simultaneously opening a power generation electromagnetic valve and a deflation electromagnetic valve;
compressed air in the air-water shared bin enters the expander through the air discharging power generation pipe, the air main pipe and the power generation air pipe, and drives the expander to drive the power generator to generate power;
when the electric control device monitors that the water level in the high-level water tank drops to the dead water level of the water tank through the water tank water level sensor, the first water-passing electromagnetic valve and the second water-passing electromagnetic valve are closed to stop water discharge, and the power generation electromagnetic valve and the air release electromagnetic valve are closed at the same time, so that the power generation process of peak energy release is completed;
And (3) repeating the steps 1 to 3 in the time cycle of the night low electricity price period and the daytime peak electricity price period, and continuously storing and releasing energy.
The calculation formula of the P0 value is as follows: p0=ρ Water and its preparation method ×g×（H1－H2）/10 6 ；
Wherein: p0 is the water pressure of the first water-through solenoid valve and the air-water shared bin when the water level in the high-level water tank is at the limited high water level of the water tank, and the unit is MPa;
ρ water and its preparation method Is the density of water, the unit is 10 kg/m W;
g is the gravity acceleration, the value is 9.80665m/s 2 ；
H1 is the absolute height of the water tank height-limiting water level, and the unit is meter;
h2 is the absolute height of the height-limited water level of the gas bin, and the unit is meter;
the step 2 is carried out, namely, the compressed air energy storage is carried out, and meanwhile, the compressed air energy storage step is carried out;
the air compression heat accumulation step is as follows: at night low-valley electricity price period, after the motor is started, the electric control device starts an outer heat conduction oil circulating pump, the outer heat conduction oil circulating pump enables heat conduction oil to circulate between the high-temperature heat conduction oil container and the heat storage heat exchanger, and heat in high-temperature compressed air generated by the air compressor is conducted to the high-temperature heat conduction oil container; after the motor is closed, the external heat conduction oil circulation pump is closed after time delay is 1-3 minutes, and the air compression heat storage step is completed;
in the daytime peak electricity price period, carrying out the step 3, namely, carrying out the peak energy release step and simultaneously carrying out the heat release step;
The exothermic energy release step is as follows: the electric control device opens an internal heat conducting oil circulating pump, a molten salt low-temperature pump, a molten salt high-temperature pump, a molten salt outlet electromagnetic valve, a low-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve, a high-temperature tank inlet electromagnetic valve, a high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve and a high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve;
the internal conduction oil circulating pump circulates conduction oil between the high-temperature conduction oil container and the oil salt heat exchanger, and further conducts heat energy from high-temperature compressed air to molten salt;
the molten salt low-temperature pump and the molten salt high-temperature pump drive molten salt to circulate among the oil salt heat exchanger, the molten salt low-temperature tank, the solar concentrating heat collector, the molten salt high-temperature tank and the heat exchanger for power generation, heat energy is finally transferred to compressed air through the heat exchanger for power generation, and the energy output by the compressed air to the expander is improved by improving the temperature and the pressure of the compressed air when the compressed air drives the expander to work;
in the process of the heat release and energy release step, when the water level sensor of the water tank monitors that the water level in the high-level water tank is reduced to the dead water level of the water tank, the electric control device closes the internal heat conducting oil circulating pump, the molten salt low-temperature pump, the molten salt high-temperature pump, the molten salt outlet electromagnetic valve, the low-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve, the high-temperature tank inlet electromagnetic valve, the high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve and the high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve to complete the heat release and energy release step.
The invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, the water pressure of the high-level water tank is utilized to improve the air pressure in the air-water shared bin, after the air compressor improves the pressure in the air-water shared bin to the P1 value, the first water-through electromagnetic valve can be opened, and the water pressure P0 generated by the high-level water tank is utilized to continuously improve the air pressure in the air-water shared bin.
The energy source of the water pressure generated by the high-level water tank is the circulating water pump, and the circulating water pump is used for replacing the air compressor to continuously improve the pressure in the air-water shared bin after the pressure reaches the P1 value, so that the pressure in the air-water shared bin can be improved to a preset level, and the situation that the energy efficiency is greatly reduced when the pressure is too high relative to the air compressor is avoided.
The compressed air energy storage mechanism can store energy and generate power by utilizing compressed air in the air-water shared bin. The volume A is the same as the volume B, so that when the water level in the gas-water shared bin drops to the dead water level of the gas bin during water storage of the high-level water tank, the water level of the high-level water tank just reaches the water tank height limiting water level; when the water in the high-level water tank is discharged, the water level in the gas-water shared bin just reaches the gas-bin height-limiting water level when the water level in the high-level water tank falls to the dead water level of the water tank. By adopting the structure of the invention, a high-level pool with any size and a matched gas-water shared bin can be arranged under the condition of topography permission, different amounts of water gravitational potential energy can be stored and utilized, and the system scale and arrangement are very flexible.
The water storage and drainage mechanism is simple in structure, the circulating water pump is used for lifting water to store energy, the part of water plays a role in pressurizing the air-water shared bin in the falling process, and the energy stored in the water is finally generated by driving the expander and the generator through compressed air, so that the advantage that the energy efficiency of the circulating water pump is higher when the pressure is higher than that of the air compressor is utilized, and the problems that the capacity requirement on a high-position water tank is higher (so that water energy storage is not suitable for being adopted in many occasions) and the cost is higher due to the adoption of the water turbine generator set are avoided.
The air compressor generates a great amount of heat energy when compressing air into high-pressure gas, the heat energy is lost into the environment in the prior art, and finally the hot compressed air gradually becomes normal-temperature compressed air in the air bin; when the compressed air is cooled down, the pressure of the compressed air is also reduced. The invention stores the heat energy generated when the compressed gas is stored by the heat storage mechanism, and is used for heating the compressed air before the compressed gas pushes the expander to do work, so that the compressed air is heated and the pressure is increased, thereby utilizing (part of) the heat energy generated when the air compressor compresses the air, and improving the energy efficiency of the invention as a whole.
The heat storage mechanism can store heat energy generated when the air is compressed in molten salt, and is finally used for heating the compressed air for driving the expander to do work, so that high-pressure driving force is further provided for the compressed air (the pressure is also increased after the temperature of the compressed air is increased).
The heat storage mechanism is simple in structure, heat generated when the heat storage heat exchanger compresses gas through the air compressor transmitted by the external heat conduction oil circulation pipeline is stored in the molten salt low-temperature tank (the period of electricity consumption in night occurs), the temperature of molten salt is further improved by the solar concentrating heat collector (the period of electricity consumption in daytime), the compressed air is heated by the heat generated when the air compressor compresses the air and the heat from sunlight collected by the solar concentrating heat collector, the electricity generated when the compressed air drives the expander and the generator is improved, and the energy efficiency of the system is integrally improved.
The temperature sensor and the electric heater can further heat the molten salt by electric energy in the electricity consumption low-valley period, the peak-valley electricity price difference is utilized, the molten salt is heated to store valley electricity, and the compressed air is heated to release the valley electricity during the electricity consumption peak, so that the invention has the peak-valley clipping and filling effects.
The submersible pump and the water supplementing pipe are combined with the water level sensor of the water tank, so that the proper water level in the high-level water tank can be ensured. The overflow pipe can prevent the water level in the high-level water tank from being too high.
The water pressure in the high-level water tank downwards flows to the gas-water shared bin through the water-through main pipe, compressed air in the gas-water shared bin enters the expander through the air-bleed power generation pipe, the gas main pipe and the power generation air pipe, the expander is driven to drive the generator to generate power, and in the process, water in the high-level water tank continuously falls into the gas-water shared bin under the action of gravitational potential energy, so that the air pressure of the gas-water shared bin is basically stable (higher than the pressure generated by the dead water level of the water tank at the gas-water shared bin).
When the existing high-pressure air bin is used for deflating to drive the expander to do work, the pressure in the high-pressure air bin is continuously and greatly reduced along with the release of air, so that the pressure is continuously and greatly reduced in the process of deflating to do work, the generator of the expander is also in the working process of variable power, and the whole process of deflating to release energy to generate power is unstable. According to the invention, the high-level water tank is used for injecting water into the air-water shared bin during air release, so that the air pressure in the air-water shared bin is always greater than or equal to the pressure generated by the dead water level of the water tank at the air-water shared bin, and the air pressure is kept basically stable during the air release. Compared with the prior art, the process of releasing the energy by deflation (releasing the energy stored in the compressed air) is more stable and reliable, and the generator can exert better efficiency under stable working conditions.
In the design stage, a designer determines a proper P0 value according to the type selection of the air compressor, then the height difference (H1-H2) between the high-level water tank and the air-water shared bin can be conveniently calculated according to a calculation formula of the P0 value, and then a proper section (the place with the height difference of H1-H2) is selected according to the height difference to arrange the system, so that convenience is brought to the field installation of the system.
The solar energy can be utilized in the sunlight heat-supplementing operation, and the valley electricity heat-supplementing operation has the effects of peak clipping and valley filling.
According to the invention, energy is stored and released through water and gas respectively, a hydroelectric generating set is not needed, and the requirement on the capacity of a high-level water tank is low, so that the device can adapt to more terrains and occasions; the advantages of small volume, low cost and easy arrangement of the expander are also utilized by the water-gas energy storage and linkage energy release respectively, the defect that the energy efficiency of the air compressor is obviously reduced after the air pressure is increased is avoided, the advantages of water energy storage and compressed air energy storage are realized, and the defects of the water energy storage and the compressed air energy storage are avoided.
The invention has higher energy efficiency, can make up the deficiency of the existing energy storage technology, provides assistance for developing new energy sources such as wind power, solar energy and the like and solving the unstable condition of the new energy sources, converts intermittent new energy sources with unstable characteristics into stable and controllable high-quality energy sources, and outputs stable electric energy to the outside when the power grid is needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photo-thermal, hydraulic pressure stabilizing and compressed air composite energy storage system of the present invention; the direction indicated by the arrow in fig. 1 is the direction of flow of fluid or electrical energy at the arrow;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the heat storage mechanism;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the electrical control structure of the present invention.
Description of the embodiments
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the photo-thermal, hydraulic pressure stabilizing and compressed air composite energy storage system comprises a water storage and drainage mechanism and a compressed air energy storage mechanism; the compressed air energy storage mechanism is provided with an air compressor 6, a motor 7, a generator 9 and a gas-water shared bin 1 for storing high-pressure gas; the water storage and drainage mechanism is provided with a high-level water tank 2 and a circulating water pump 5; taking the flow direction of the fluid as the downstream direction; the generator 9 is connected to the substation and is used to supply the substation with electrical energy.
The air-water shared bin 1 is positioned below the high-level water tank 2, the high-level water tank 2 is provided with a water tank dead water level 51 and a water tank height limiting water level 52, and the high-level water tank 2 is internally provided with a water tank water level sensor 53;
the high-level water tank 2 is connected with the bottom of the air-water shared bin 1 through the water-passing main pipe 4 and is used for improving the air pressure in the air-water shared bin 1 after the pressure in the air-water shared bin 1 exceeds a preset value P1, and the water-passing main pipe 4 is provided with a first water-passing valve 18; the first water-through valve 18 and the middle part of the gas-water shared bin 1 are positioned at the same horizontal height; when the water level in the high-level water tank 2 is positioned at the water tank height limiting water level 52, the water pressure at the first water through valve 18 and the air-water shared bin 1 is P0; p1 is less than P0;
the first water-through valve 18 is connected with an electric control device 55, and the electric control device 55 is connected with the pool water level sensor 53, the motor 7, the air compressor 6 and the circulating water pump 5; the electric control device 55 stores predetermined P1 value, P0 value, tank dead water level data and tank height limit water level data in advance.
The other parts of the gas-water shared bin 1 are airtight parts except the connecting pipes.
The electronic control device 55 is an integrated circuit or a single chip microcomputer (including a PLC) or an industrial control computer, and is a conventional technology, which is not specifically described in detail. The electronic control device 55 is connected with a display screen 54.
The invention utilizes the water pressure of the high-level water tank 2 to increase the air pressure in the air-water shared bin 1, after the air compressor 6 increases the pressure in the air-water shared bin 1 to the P1 value, the first water-through electromagnetic valve 18 can be opened, and the water pressure P0 generated by the high-level water tank 2 is utilized to continuously increase the air pressure in the air-water shared bin 1. The meaning of the predetermined value P1 is: the output pressure of the air compressor 6 is significantly reduced after reaching or exceeding P1, i.e., P1 is a limit pressure value close to the air compressor 6 of a specific model, depending on the characteristics of the air compressor 6 of the specific model by the designer.
The energy source of the water pressure generated by the high-level water tank 2 is the circulating water pump 5, and the circulating water pump 5 is used for replacing the air compressor 6 to continuously improve the pressure in the air-water shared bin 1 after the pressure reaches the P1 value, so that the pressure in the air-water shared bin 1 can be improved to a preset level, and the situation that the energy efficiency is greatly reduced when the pressure is too high relative to the air compressor 6 is avoided.
The compressed air energy storage mechanism comprises an energy storage device, a power generation device, a gas main pipe and the gas-water shared bin 1;
the energy storage device comprises a motor 7, the motor 7 is in driving connection with the air compressor 6, an outlet of the air compressor 6 is connected with the gas main pipe 3 through an energy storage air pipe 56, and an energy storage electromagnetic valve 12 is arranged on the energy storage air pipe 56;
The power generation device comprises a power generation air pipe 57 connected with the gas main pipe 3, the power generation air pipe 57 is connected with an expander 8, and an output shaft of the expander 8 is connected with the power generator 9; a power generation electromagnetic valve 13 and a power generation check valve 25 are connected in series on a power generation air pipe 57 between the expander 8 and the gas main pipe 3;
the upper end of the gas main pipe 3 is communicated with ambient air through an ambient electromagnetic valve 14; the gas-water shared bin 1 is internally provided with a gas bin dead water level 58 and a gas bin height-limiting water level 59, and the gas-water shared bin 1 is internally provided with a gas bin water level sensor 60 and a gas pressure sensor 61; the electric control device 55 is pre-stored with preset data of the dead water level 58 of the gas warehouse and the height limit water level 59 of the gas warehouse; the volume A is the same as the volume B, the volume A is the volume of the gas-water shared bin 1 between the gas bin dead water level 58 and the gas bin height limit water level 59, and the volume B is the volume of the high-level water tank 2 between the water tank dead water level 51 and the water tank height limit water level 52;
the lower end of the gas main pipe 3 extends to the bottom end of the gas-water shared bin 1 below the ground 62 and is communicated with the bottom of the gas-water shared bin 1 below the dead water level 58 of the gas bin; the bottom of the gas main pipe 3 is provided with a gas bin check valve 17 and a gas injection electromagnetic valve 15 in series;
the gas main pipe 3 above the gas injection solenoid valve 15 is connected with the top of the gas-water shared bin 1 above the gas bin height-limiting water level 59 through a gas discharge power generation pipe 63, and a gas discharge solenoid valve 16 is arranged on the gas discharge power generation pipe 63;
The electric control device 55 is connected with the energy storage electromagnetic valve 12, the power generation electromagnetic valve 13, the environment electromagnetic valve 14, the deflation electromagnetic valve 16, the air bin water level sensor 60, the air pressure sensor 61 and the air injection electromagnetic valve 15.
The compressed air energy storage mechanism can store energy and generate electricity by utilizing compressed air in the air-water shared bin 1. The volume A is the same as the volume B, so that when the water level in the gas-water shared bin 1 drops to the dead water level 58 of the gas bin during water storage of the high-level water tank 2, the water level of the high-level water tank 2 just reaches the water tank height limiting water level 52; when the water in the high-level water tank 2 is discharged, the water level in the gas-water shared bin 1 just reaches the gas bin height limiting water level 59 when the water level of the high-level water tank 2 falls to the water tank dead water level 51. By adopting the structure of the invention, a high-level water tank 2 with any size and a matched gas-water shared bin 1 can be arranged under the condition of topography permission, different amounts of water gravitational potential energy can be stored and utilized, and the system scale and arrangement are very flexible.
The water storage and drainage mechanism comprises the high-level water tank 2, the circulating water pump 5, the water-through main pipe 4 and the first water-through valve 18; the water outlet pipe of the circulating water pump 5 is communicated with the water inlet main pipe 4 above the first water inlet valve 18, and a water outlet electromagnetic valve 20 is arranged on the water outlet pipe; the water inlet pipe of the circulating water pump 5 is connected with the air-water shared bin 1 below the air bin dead water level 58, and the water inlet pipe is provided with a water inlet electromagnetic valve 19; the air-water shared bin 1 is arranged below the ground 62, the water-through main pipe 4 above the ground 62 is provided with a second water-through valve 21, and the second water-through valve 21, the water-inlet electromagnetic valve 19 and the water-outlet electromagnetic valve 20 are all connected with the electric control device 55.
The water storage and drainage mechanism is simple in structure, water is lifted by the aid of the circulating water pump 5 to store energy, the water plays a role in pressurizing the air-water shared bin 1 in the falling process, and energy stored in the water is finally generated by the compressed air driving the expander 8 and the generator 9, so that the advantage that the energy efficiency of the circulating water pump 5 is higher when the pressure is higher than that of the air compressor 6 is utilized, and the problems that the capacity requirement on the high-position water tank 2 is higher (so that water energy storage is not suitable for being adopted in many occasions) and the cost is higher due to the fact that the water generator 9 is adopted are avoided.
A heat storage heat exchanger 10 is arranged on an energy storage air pipe 56 in the upstream direction of the energy storage electromagnetic valve 12; the compressed air flows through the tube side or shell side of the heat storage heat exchanger 10;
the shell side or tube side of the heat storage heat exchanger 10 is connected to the heat storage mechanism 64 and is used to store heat in the heat storage mechanism 64;
the power generation air pipe 57 in the upstream direction of the expander 8 is provided with a power generation heat exchanger 11 through which compressed air flows, and the pipe or the pipe of the power generation heat exchanger is connected to the heat storage mechanism 64 and is used for heating the compressed air by the heat of the heat storage mechanism 64.
The air compressor 6 generates a great amount of heat energy when compressing air into high-pressure gas, the heat energy is lost into the environment in the prior art, and finally the hot compressed air gradually becomes normal-temperature compressed air in the air bin; when the compressed air is cooled down, the pressure of the compressed air is also reduced. The present invention uses the heat energy generated when the air compressor 6 compresses the air to increase the pressure by heating the compressed air before the compressed air pushes the expander 8 to do work while the heat storage mechanism 64 stores the heat energy generated when the compressed air is compressed, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the present invention as a whole.
The heat storage mechanism 64 is a molten salt heat storage mechanism 64, comprising an oil salt heat exchanger 65,
the tube side or shell side of the oil-salt heat exchanger 65 is used for absorbing heat of the high-temperature compressed air in the heat storage heat exchanger 10 by the heat transfer oil;
the shell side or tube side of the oil-salt heat exchanger 65 is in circulation communication with the tube side or shell side of the heat exchanger 11 for power generation through a molten salt circulation line 66; the molten salt circulation line 66 is provided with a molten salt circulation pump and a molten salt tank, and the molten salt circulation pump is connected to the molten salt tank.
The heat storage mechanism 64 can store heat energy generated when the air is compressed in the molten salt, and finally, the heat storage mechanism is used for heating the compressed air for driving the expander 8 to work, and further providing high-pressure driving force for the compressed air (the pressure is increased after the temperature of the compressed air is increased).
The heat storage mechanism 64 specifically includes:
the molten salt circulation pump includes a molten salt low temperature pump 34 and a molten salt high temperature pump 29;
the molten salt tank includes a molten salt low temperature tank 33 and a molten salt high temperature tank 28;
the shell side or tube side of the oil-salt heat exchanger 65 is connected in series on a molten salt circulation pipeline 66, a molten salt outlet electromagnetic valve 32 is arranged on the molten salt circulation pipeline 66 in the downstream direction of the oil-salt heat exchanger 65, and the molten salt circulation pipeline 66 in the downstream direction of the molten salt outlet electromagnetic valve 32 is communicated with a molten salt low-temperature tank 33; the molten salt circulating pipeline 66 in the downstream direction of the outlet of the molten salt low-temperature tank 33 is provided with the molten salt low-temperature pump 34, the molten salt circulating pipeline 66 in the downstream direction of the molten salt low-temperature pump 34 is provided with the low-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve 27, and the molten salt circulating pipeline 66 in the downstream direction of the low-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve 27 is communicated with the solar concentrating collector 67; a molten salt circulating pipeline 66 in the downstream direction of the solar concentrating collector 67 is led into the molten salt high-temperature tank 28; a high-temperature tank inlet electromagnetic valve 26 is arranged on a molten salt circulating pipeline 66 between the molten salt high-temperature tank 28 and the solar concentrating collector 67; the molten salt circulating pipeline 66 in the downstream direction of the molten salt high-temperature tank 28 is provided with the molten salt high-temperature pump 29, and the molten salt circulating pipeline 66 in the downstream direction of the molten salt high-temperature pump 29 is provided with the high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve 30; the tube side or shell side of the heat exchanger 11 for power generation is connected in series to a molten salt circulation line 66 between the high-temperature pump outlet solenoid valve and the oil salt heat exchanger 65;
The tube side or shell side of the oil and salt heat exchanger 65 is connected in series to an inner conduction oil circulation line 68; the inner conduction oil circulation pipeline 68 is provided with a high-temperature conduction oil container 36; the high-temperature heat conduction oil container 36 stores heat conduction oil therein; the shell side or tube side of the heat storage heat exchanger 10 is in circulating communication with the high-temperature heat conduction oil container 36 through an outer heat conduction oil circulating pipeline 69; an inner conduction oil circulating pump 35 is connected in series with the inner conduction oil circulating pipeline 68, and an outer conduction oil circulating pump 70 is connected in series with the outer conduction oil circulating pipeline 69;
the electric control device 55 is connected with the external heat-conducting oil circulating pump 70, the molten salt low-temperature pump 34, the molten salt high-temperature pump 29, the molten salt outlet electromagnetic valve 32, the low-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve 27, the high-temperature tank inlet electromagnetic valve 26, the high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve 30 and the internal heat-conducting oil circulating pump 35.
The heat storage mechanism 64 has a simple structure, and can utilize heat generated when the heat storage heat exchanger 10 compresses gas through the air compressor 6 transmitted by the external heat conduction oil circulation pipeline 69 and store the heat in the molten salt low-temperature tank 33 (which occurs in the night electricity consumption valley period), further utilize the solar concentrating heat collector 67 to raise the temperature of molten salt (which occurs in the daytime), utilize the heat generated when the air compressor 6 compresses air and the heat from sunlight collected by the solar concentrating heat collector 67 to heat the compressed air, and improve the power generated when the compressed air drives the expander 8 and the generator 9, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the system as a whole.
A temperature sensor 71 and an electric heater 37 are arranged in the molten salt high-temperature tank 28, and the electric heater 37 is connected to a power grid 75; the temperature sensor 71 and the electric heater 37 are connected to the electronic control device 55.
The temperature sensor 71 and the electric heater 37 can further heat the molten salt by electric energy in the electricity consumption low-valley period, the peak-valley electricity price difference is utilized, the molten salt is heated to store valley electricity, and the compressed air is heated to release the electricity consumption peak, so that the invention has the effects of peak clipping and valley filling.
The high-level water tank 2 below the water tank dead water level 51 is connected with a water supplementing pipe 72, and the water supplementing pipe 72 extends into the water source 24 (the water source 24 is a water supplementing well or a standby water tank) and is connected with a submersible pump 73 in the water source 24; the water supplementing pipe 72 is provided with a water supplementing electromagnetic valve 22, and the water supplementing electromagnetic valve 22 and the submersible pump 73 are connected with the electric control device 55; the high-level pool 2 is connected with an overflow pipe 23 at a pool height limiting water level 52.
In combination with the tank water level sensor 53, the submersible pump 73 and the water replenishment pipe 72 can ensure an appropriate water level in the high-level tank 2. The overflow pipe 23 can prevent the water level in the high-level tank 2 from being excessively high.
The invention also discloses an energy storage and release method, which is carried out by adopting the photo-thermal hydraulic pressure stabilization and compressed air composite energy storage system according to the following steps:
The whole system is firstly installed and connected before operation, a proper amount of water is stored in the gas-water shared bin 1, and a proper amount of molten salt is injected into the molten salt low-temperature tank 33 and the molten salt high-temperature tank 28.
Step 1, water storage and energy storage;
in the night off-peak electricity price period, the electric control device 55 closes the first water-passing electromagnetic valve 18, opens the water inlet electromagnetic valve 19, the water outlet electromagnetic valve 20, the second water-passing electromagnetic valve 21 and the circulating water pump 5, and sends water in the air-water shared bin 1 into the high-level water tank 2;
the electric control device 55 closes the circulating water pump 5, the second water through valve 21, the first water through valve 18, the water outlet electromagnetic valve 20 and the water inlet electromagnetic valve 19 when the water level in the air-water shared bin 1 is detected to be reduced to the air bin dead water level 58 by the air bin water level sensor 60, the water level in the high-level water tank 2 just reaches the water tank height limiting water level 52 at the moment (if water evaporation and dissipation in operation are carried out and the water tank height limiting water level 52 is not reached at the moment, the electric control device 55 opens the submersible pump 73 and the water supplementing electromagnetic valve 22 to supplement the water level in the high-level water tank 2 to the water tank height limiting water level 52) to finish water storage and energy storage;
in the process of working of the circulating water pump 5, when the air pressure sensor 61 detects that the pressure in the air-water shared bin 1 is reduced to 1 standard atmosphere, the electronic control device 55 opens the environment electromagnetic valve 14 and the air release electromagnetic valve 16 to ensure that the pressure in the air-water shared bin 1 is equal to the atmosphere;
Step 2, compressed air energy storage;
also in the off-peak electricity price period at night, after the step 1 is completed, the electric control device 55 closes the environment electromagnetic valve 14 and the air release electromagnetic valve 16, opens the motor 77, the energy storage electromagnetic valve 12 and the air injection electromagnetic valve 15, and drives the air compressor 6 to inject compressed air into the air-water shared bin 1 by the motor 77;
after the electronic control device 55 detects that the air pressure in the air-water shared bin 1 reaches P1 through the air pressure sensor 61, the motor 77 (thereby closing the air compressor 6), the energy storage electromagnetic valve 12 and the air injection electromagnetic valve 15) are synchronously closed, and then the first water-through electromagnetic valve 18 and the second water-through electromagnetic valve 21 are opened, so that the water pressure in the high-level water tank 2 is downwards conducted to the air-water shared bin 1 through the water-through main pipe 4 (at this time, because the air in the air-water shared bin 1 is in a high-pressure state, the air is not greatly compressed), and the air pressure in the air-water shared bin 1 is increased to a preset pressure P0 (or close to P0); at this time, the first water-passing electromagnetic valve 18 and the second water-passing electromagnetic valve 21 are closed, so that the compressed air energy storage is completed;
step 3 is peak energy release;
in the daytime peak electricity price period, the first water-through valve 18 and the second water-through valve 21 are opened, so that the water pressure in the high-level water tank 2 flows downwards to the air-water shared bin 1 through the water-through main pipe 4; simultaneously opening the power generation solenoid valve 13 and the deflation solenoid valve 16;
Compressed air in the gas-water shared bin 1 enters the expander 8 through the deflation power generation pipe 63, the gas main pipe 3 and the power generation air pipe 57, the expander 8 is driven to drive the generator 9 to generate power, and in the process, water in the high-level water tank 2 continuously falls into the gas-water shared bin 1 under the action of gravitational potential energy, so that the air pressure of the gas-water shared bin 1 is basically stable (higher than the pressure generated by the water tank dead water level 51 at the gas-water shared bin 1);
when the electric control device 55 monitors that the water level in the high-level water tank 2 drops to the water tank dead water level 51 through the water tank water level sensor 53, the first water-through electromagnetic valve 18 and the second water-through electromagnetic valve 21 are closed to stop water discharge, and meanwhile, the power generation electromagnetic valve 13 and the air release electromagnetic valve 16 are closed to finish the power generation process of peak energy release;
and (3) repeating the steps 1 to 3 in the time cycle of the night low electricity price period and the daytime peak electricity price period, and continuously storing and releasing energy.
When the existing high-pressure air bin is used for deflating and driving the expander 8 to do work, the pressure in the high-pressure air bin is continuously and greatly reduced along with the release of air, so that the pressure is continuously and greatly reduced in the process of deflating and doing work, the generator 9 of the expander 8 is also in the working process of variable power, and the whole process of deflating and releasing energy to generate power is unstable. According to the invention, the air pressure in the air-water shared bin 1 is always greater than or equal to the pressure generated by the dead water level 51 of the water tank at the air-water shared bin 1 by injecting water into the air-water shared bin 1 through the high-level water tank 2 while releasing the air-release energy, so that the air pressure is kept basically stable in the air-release energy process. Compared with the prior art, the process of releasing the air release energy (releasing the energy stored in the compressed air) is more stable and reliable, and the generator 9 can exert better efficiency under stable working conditions.
According to the invention, water and gas are used for respectively storing energy and releasing energy in a linkage way, a hydraulic generator 9 set is not needed, and the requirement on the capacity of the high-level water tank 2 is low, so that the device can adapt to more terrains and occasions; the advantages of small volume, low cost and easy arrangement of the expander 8 are also utilized by the water and gas respectively for energy storage and linkage energy release, the defect that the energy efficiency of the air compressor 6 is obviously reduced after the air pressure is increased is avoided, the advantages of water energy storage and compressed air energy storage are realized, and the defects of the water energy storage and the compressed air energy storage are avoided.
The calculation formula of the P0 value is as follows: p0=ρ Water and its preparation method ×g×（H1－H2）/10 6 ；
Wherein: p0 is the water pressure of the first water-passing valve 18 and the air-water shared bin 1 when the water level in the high-level water tank 2 is at the water tank limit high water level 52, and the unit is MPa (megapascal);
ρ water and its preparation method Is the density of water, in 10 kg/m w (1000 kg/cubic meter);
g is the gravity acceleration, the value is 9.80665m/s 2 (meters per second squared);
h1 is the absolute height (altitude) of the pool limit water level 52 in meters;
h2 is the absolute height of the air bin height-limiting water level 59, in meters;
in the design stage, a designer determines a proper P0 value according to the model selection of the air compressor 6, then the height difference (H1-H2) between the high-level water tank 2 and the air-water shared bin 1 can be conveniently calculated according to a calculation formula of the P0 value, and then a proper place (the place with the height difference of H1-H2) is selected according to the height difference to arrange the system of the invention, so that convenience is provided for field installation of the invention.
The ideal gas equation is: pv=nrt,
wherein P is the gas pressure in Pa (pascal); v is the volume of the gas, and the unit is m 3 Cubic meters; n is the amount of the substance in mol (mol); r is the molar gas constant, r= 8.314510j×mol -1 ×K -1 (coke per mole per minute); t is the gas temperature, and the unit is K (on);
according to an ideal gas equation, when the gas temperature and the amount of the substance are unchanged, V and P are in inverse proportion; therefore, in the air-compressing and energy-storing step, when the water pressure in the high-level water tank 2 is downwards conducted to the air-water shared bin 1 through the water-introducing main pipe 4, the air in the bin is compressed to a certain extent because the air-water shared bin 1 is closed, so that the pressure of the air is increased, the water in the high-level water tank 2 can not be continuously introduced into the air-water shared bin 1, and the air pressure in the air-water shared bin 1 is increased to be the same as the water pressure generated by the water in the high-level water tank 2 on the height of the air-water shared bin 1.
The step 2 is carried out, namely, the compressed air energy storage is carried out, and meanwhile, the compressed air energy storage step is carried out;
the air compression heat accumulation step is as follows: in the off-peak electricity price period at night, after the motor 77 is turned on, the electric control device 55 turns on the external heat conduction oil circulation pump 70, the external heat conduction oil circulation pump 70 circulates the heat conduction oil between the high-temperature heat conduction oil container 36 and the heat storage heat exchanger 10, and heat in the high-temperature compressed air generated by the air compressor 6 is conducted to the high-temperature heat conduction oil container 36; after the motor 77 is turned off, the external heat conduction oil circulation pump 70 is turned off for 1-3 minutes, and the air compression heat storage step is completed; the meaning of the time delay is to fully utilize the heat energy generated by air compression.
In the daytime peak electricity price period, carrying out the step 3, namely, carrying out the peak energy release step and simultaneously carrying out the heat release step;
the exothermic energy release step is as follows: the electric control device 55 opens the internal conduction oil circulation pump 35, the molten salt low temperature pump 34, the molten salt high temperature pump 29, the molten salt outlet solenoid valve 32, the low temperature pump outlet solenoid valve 27, the high temperature tank inlet solenoid valve 26, the high temperature pump outlet solenoid valve 30 and the high temperature pump outlet solenoid valve;
the internal conduction oil circulation pump 35 circulates conduction oil between the high-temperature conduction oil container 36 and the oil salt heat exchanger 65, and further conducts heat energy from the high-temperature compressed air to the molten salt;
the molten salt low-temperature pump 34 and the molten salt high-temperature pump 29 drive the molten salt to circulate among the oil-salt heat exchanger 65, the molten salt low-temperature tank 33, the solar concentrating heat collector 67, the molten salt high-temperature tank 28 and the heat exchanger 11 for power generation, and finally transfer heat energy to the compressed air through the heat exchanger 11 for power generation, and when the compressed air drives the expander 8 to work, the energy output by the compressed air to the expander 8 is improved by improving the temperature and the pressure of the compressed air;
in the course of the exothermic energy release step, when the water level sensor 53 detects that the water level in the high-level water tank 2 has fallen to the water tank dead water level 51, the electric control device 55 turns off the internal conduction oil circulation pump 35, the molten salt cryopump 34, the molten salt cryopump 29, the molten salt outlet solenoid valve 32, the cryopump outlet solenoid valve 27, the high-temperature tank inlet solenoid valve 26, the high-temperature pump outlet solenoid valve 30 and the high-temperature pump outlet solenoid valve, thereby completing the exothermic energy release step.
The electric control device 55 stores an ambient brightness value X required by the normal operation of the solar concentrating collector 67, a brightness sensor 74 for detecting ambient brightness is arranged at the position of the solar concentrating collector 67, and the brightness sensor 74 is connected with the electric control device 55; when the brightness sensor 74 detects that the ambient brightness is greater than or equal to the X value, performing sunlight heat supplementing operation;
the sunlight heat supplementing operation is as follows: the electric control device 55 activates the molten salt cryopump 34, the molten salt high temperature pump 29, the molten salt outlet solenoid valve 32, the low temperature pump outlet solenoid valve 27, the high temperature tank inlet solenoid valve 26, the high temperature pump outlet solenoid valve 30, and the high temperature pump outlet solenoid valve so that the molten salt is heated while passing through the solar concentrating collector 67 in the circulating flow.
In the off-peak electricity rate period at night, when the temperature sensor 71 detects that the temperature of the molten salt is lower than the lower limit value of the predetermined temperature range (the predetermined temperature range is determined by the designer and stored in the electronic control device 55), the off-peak electricity complementary heat operation is performed;
the valley electricity heat-supplementing operation is as follows: the electric control device 55 turns on the electric heater 37 to heat the molten salt; when the temperature sensor 71 detects that the temperature of the molten salt is equal to or higher than the upper limit value of the predetermined temperature range, the electric heater 37 is turned off, and the valley electric heat compensation operation is stopped. In the season of good sunlight condition, the staff can close the valley electricity and supplement heat operation, so that the valley electricity is not opened any more.
The solar energy can be utilized in the sunlight heat-supplementing operation, and the valley electricity heat-supplementing operation has the effects of peak clipping and valley filling.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments: modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, such as the portion of the gas manifold 3 or water manifold 4 below the surface 62 may be replaced by a tubular well; for another example, according to the energy storage scale, the motor 7 may be a motor unit, the air compressor 6 may be an air compressor unit, the circulating water pump 5 may be a pump group, the expander 8 may be an expander unit, and the generator 9 may be a generator unit; the solar concentrating collector 67 may be a solar concentrating collector group; such conventional variations are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The photo-thermal, hydraulic pressure stabilization and compressed air composite energy storage system comprises a water storage and drainage mechanism and a compressed air energy storage mechanism; the compressed air energy storage mechanism is provided with an air compressor, a motor, a generator and a gas-water shared bin for storing high-pressure gas; the water storage and drainage mechanism is provided with a high-level water tank and a circulating water pump; taking the flow direction of the fluid as the downstream direction;
The method is characterized in that: the air-water shared bin is positioned below a high-level water tank, the high-level water tank is provided with a water tank dead water level and a water tank height-limiting water level, and the high-level water tank is provided with a water tank water level sensor;
the high-level water pool is connected with the bottom of the gas-water shared bin through a water-through main pipe and is used for improving the air pressure in the gas-water shared bin after the pressure in the gas-water shared bin exceeds a preset value P1, and a first water-through electromagnetic valve is arranged on the water-through main pipe; the middle part of the first water through valve and the air-water shared bin are positioned at the same horizontal height; when the water level in the high-level water tank is at the limited water level of the water tank, the water pressure at the first water-through solenoid valve and the air-water shared bin is P0; p1 is less than P0;
the first water-through valve is connected with an electric control device which is connected with the water level sensor of the water tank, the motor, the air compressor and the circulating water pump; the electric control device is pre-stored with preset P1 value, P0 value, water tank dead water level data and water tank limit high water level data.
2. The photo-thermal, hydraulic pressure stabilizing and compressed air composite energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein: the compressed air energy storage mechanism comprises an energy storage device, a power generation device, a gas main pipe and the gas-water shared bin;
the energy storage device comprises a motor, the motor is in driving connection with the air compressor, an outlet of the air compressor is connected with the gas main pipe through an energy storage air pipe, and an energy storage electromagnetic valve is arranged on the energy storage air pipe;
The power generation device comprises a power generation air pipe connected with the gas main pipe, the power generation air pipe is connected with an expander, and an output shaft of the expander is connected with the power generator; a power generation electromagnetic valve and a power generation check valve are connected in series on a power generation air pipe between the expander and the air main pipe;
the upper end of the gas main pipe is communicated with ambient air through an ambient electromagnetic valve; the gas-water shared bin is internally provided with a gas bin dead water level and a gas bin height-limiting water level, and is internally provided with a gas bin water level sensor and a gas pressure sensor; the electric control device is pre-stored with preset air bin dead water level and air bin height limit water level data; the volume A is the same as the volume B, the volume A is the volume of a gas-water shared bin between the dead water level of the gas bin and the height-limiting water level of the gas bin, and the volume B is the volume of a high-level water tank between the dead water level of the water tank and the height-limiting water level of the water tank;
the lower end of the gas main pipe extends to the bottom end of the gas-water shared bin and is communicated with the bottom of the gas-water shared bin below the dead water level of the gas bin; the bottom of the gas main pipe is connected in series with a gas bin check valve and a gas injection electromagnetic valve;
the gas main pipe above the gas injection solenoid valve is connected with the top of the gas-water shared bin above the gas bin height-limiting water level through a gas discharge power generation pipe, and a gas discharge solenoid valve is arranged on the gas discharge power generation pipe;
The electric control device is connected with the energy storage electromagnetic valve, the power generation electromagnetic valve, the environment electromagnetic valve, the deflation electromagnetic valve, the air bin water level sensor, the air pressure sensor and the air injection electromagnetic valve.
3. The photo-thermal, hydraulic pressure stabilizing and compressed air composite energy storage system according to claim 2, wherein: the water storage and drainage mechanism comprises the high-level water tank, the circulating water pump, the water-through main pipe and the first water-through valve; the water outlet pipe of the circulating water pump is communicated with the water inlet main pipe above the first water inlet valve, and a water outlet electromagnetic valve is arranged on the water outlet pipe; the water inlet pipe of the circulating water pump is connected with a gas-water shared bin below the dead water level of the gas bin, and a water inlet electromagnetic valve is arranged on the water inlet pipe; the air-water shared bin is arranged below the ground, a second water-through valve is arranged on the water-through main pipe above the ground, and the second water-through valve, the water-inlet electromagnetic valve and the water-outlet electromagnetic valve are all connected with the electric control device.
4. The photo-thermal, hydraulic pressure stabilizing and compressed air composite energy storage system according to claim 3, wherein: a heat storage heat exchanger is arranged on the energy storage air pipe in the upstream direction of the energy storage electromagnetic valve; compressed air flows through a tube side or a shell side of the heat storage heat exchanger;
The shell side or tube side of the heat storage heat exchanger is connected with the heat storage mechanism and is used for storing heat in the heat storage mechanism;
the power generation air pipe in the upstream direction of the expansion machine is provided with a heat exchanger for power generation, compressed air flows through a shell side or a tube side of the heat exchanger for power generation, and the tube side or the shell side of the heat exchanger for power generation is connected with the heat storage mechanism and is used for heating the compressed air by utilizing heat of the heat storage mechanism.
5. The photo-thermal, hydraulic pressure stabilizing and compressed air composite energy storage system according to claim 4, wherein: the heat storage mechanism is a molten salt heat storage mechanism and comprises an oil salt heat exchanger,
the tube side or the shell side of the oil-salt heat exchanger is used for absorbing heat of high-temperature compressed air in the heat storage heat exchanger through heat conduction oil;
the shell side or tube side of the oil-salt heat exchanger is circularly communicated with the tube side or shell side of the heat exchanger for power generation through a molten salt circulating pipeline; the molten salt circulating pipeline is provided with a molten salt circulating pump and a molten salt tank, and the molten salt circulating pump is connected with the molten salt tank.
6. The photo-thermal, hydraulic pressure stabilizing and compressed air composite energy storage system according to claim 5, wherein:
the heat storage mechanism is specifically as follows:
the molten salt circulating pump comprises a molten salt low-temperature pump and a molten salt high-temperature pump;
The molten salt tank comprises a molten salt low-temperature tank and a molten salt high-temperature tank;
the shell side or tube side of the oil-salt heat exchanger is connected in series on a molten salt circulating pipeline, a molten salt outlet electromagnetic valve is arranged on the molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the oil-salt heat exchanger, and the molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the molten salt outlet electromagnetic valve is communicated with a molten salt low-temperature tank; the molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the outlet of the molten salt low-temperature tank is provided with a molten salt low-temperature pump, the molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the molten salt low-temperature pump is provided with a low-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve, and the molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the low-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve is communicated with the solar concentrating collector; a molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the solar concentrating collector is led into the molten salt high-temperature tank; a molten salt circulating pipeline between the molten salt high-temperature tank and the solar concentrating collector is provided with a high-temperature tank inlet electromagnetic valve; the molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the molten salt high-temperature tank is provided with a molten salt high-temperature pump, and the molten salt circulating pipeline in the downstream direction of the molten salt high-temperature pump is provided with a high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve; the tube side or the shell side of the heat exchanger for power generation is connected in series on a molten salt circulating pipeline between the high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve and the oil salt heat exchanger;
The tube side or shell side of the oil-salt heat exchanger is connected in series on an inner heat-conducting oil circulation pipeline; the inner heat-conducting oil circulation pipeline is provided with a high-temperature heat-conducting oil container; the high-temperature heat conduction oil container stores heat conduction oil; the shell side or tube side of the heat storage heat exchanger is circularly communicated with the high-temperature heat conduction oil container through an external heat conduction oil circulation pipeline; the inner heat-conducting oil circulating pipeline is connected with an inner heat-conducting oil circulating pump in series, and the outer heat-conducting oil circulating pipeline is connected with an outer heat-conducting oil circulating pump in series;
the electric control device is connected with the external heat-conducting oil circulating pump, the molten salt low-temperature pump, the molten salt high-temperature pump, the molten salt outlet electromagnetic valve, the low-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve, the high-temperature tank inlet electromagnetic valve, the high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve and the internal heat-conducting oil circulating pump.
7. The photo-thermal, hydraulic pressure stabilizing and compressed air composite energy storage system according to claim 6, wherein: a temperature sensor and an electric heater are arranged in the molten salt high-temperature tank, and the electric heater is connected with a power grid; the temperature sensor and the electric heater are connected with the electric control device.
8. The photo-thermal, hydraulic pressure stabilization and compressed air composite energy storage system according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein: the high-level water tank below the dead water level of the water tank is connected with a water supplementing pipe which extends into the water source and is connected with a submersible pump in the water source; the water supplementing pipe is provided with a water supplementing electromagnetic valve, and the water supplementing electromagnetic valve and the submersible pump are connected with the electric control device; the high-level water tank is connected with an overflow pipe at the water level limiting position of the water tank.
9. The energy storage and release method is carried out by adopting the photo-thermal, hydraulic pressure stabilization and compressed air composite energy storage system as claimed in claim 8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, water storage and energy storage;
in the night off-peak electricity price period, the electric control device closes the first water-through electromagnetic valve, opens the water inlet electromagnetic valve, the water outlet electromagnetic valve, the second water-through electromagnetic valve and the circulating water pump, and sends water in the air-water shared bin into the high-level water tank;
the electric control device closes the circulating water pump, the second water through valve, the first water through valve, the water outlet solenoid valve and the water inlet solenoid valve when the water level in the air-water shared bin is detected to be reduced to the dead water level of the air bin by the air bin water level sensor, and at the moment, the water level in the high-level water tank just reaches the water tank height-limiting water level to finish water storage and energy storage;
in the working process of the circulating water pump, when the air pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the air-water shared bin is reduced to 1 standard atmosphere, the electronic control device opens the environment electromagnetic valve and the air release electromagnetic valve to ensure that the pressure in the air-water shared bin is equal to the atmosphere;
step 2, compressed air energy storage;
after the step 1 is completed, the electronic control device closes the environment electromagnetic valve and the air release electromagnetic valve, opens the motor, the energy storage electromagnetic valve and the air injection electromagnetic valve, and drives the air compressor to inject compressed air into the air-water shared bin;
After the electric control device detects that the air pressure in the air-water shared bin reaches P1 through the air pressure sensor, the motor, the energy storage electromagnetic valve and the air injection electromagnetic valve are synchronously closed, and then the first water-through electromagnetic valve and the second water-through electromagnetic valve are opened, so that the water pressure in the high-level water tank is downwards transmitted to the air-water shared bin through the water-through main pipe, and the air pressure in the air-water shared bin is increased to a preset pressure P0; closing the first water-passing valve and the second water-passing valve to finish compressed air energy storage;
step 3 is peak energy release;
in the daytime peak electricity price period, the first water-through valve and the second water-through valve are opened, so that the water pressure in the high-level water tank flows downwards to the air-water shared bin through the water-through main pipe; simultaneously opening a power generation electromagnetic valve and a deflation electromagnetic valve;
compressed air in the air-water shared bin enters the expander through the air discharging power generation pipe, the air main pipe and the power generation air pipe, and drives the expander to drive the power generator to generate power;
when the electric control device monitors that the water level in the high-level water tank drops to the dead water level of the water tank through the water tank water level sensor, the first water-passing electromagnetic valve and the second water-passing electromagnetic valve are closed to stop water discharge, and the power generation electromagnetic valve and the air release electromagnetic valve are closed at the same time, so that the power generation process of peak energy release is completed;
And (3) repeating the steps 1 to 3 in the time cycle of the night low electricity price period and the daytime peak electricity price period, and continuously storing and releasing energy.
10. The energy storage and release method of claim 9, wherein:
the calculation formula of the P0 value is as follows: p0=ρ Water and its preparation method ×g×（H1－H2）/10 6 ；
Wherein: p0 is the water pressure of the first water-through solenoid valve and the air-water shared bin when the water level in the high-level water tank is at the limited high water level of the water tank, and the unit is MPa;
ρ water and its preparation method Is the density of water, the unit is 10 kg/m W;
g is gravity acceleration, the value is 9.80665m/s 2 ；
H1 is the absolute height of the water tank height-limiting water level, and the unit is meter;
h2 is the absolute height of the height-limited water level of the gas bin, and the unit is meter;
the step 2 is carried out, namely, the compressed air energy storage is carried out, and meanwhile, the compressed air energy storage step is carried out;
the air compression heat accumulation step is as follows: at night low-valley electricity price period, after the motor is started, the electric control device starts an outer heat conduction oil circulating pump, the outer heat conduction oil circulating pump enables heat conduction oil to circulate between the high-temperature heat conduction oil container and the heat storage heat exchanger, and heat in high-temperature compressed air generated by the air compressor is conducted to the high-temperature heat conduction oil container; after the motor is closed, the external heat conduction oil circulation pump is closed after time delay is 1-3 minutes, and the air compression heat storage step is completed;
In the daytime peak electricity price period, carrying out the step 3, namely, carrying out the peak energy release step and simultaneously carrying out the heat release step;
the exothermic energy release step is as follows: the electric control device opens an internal heat conducting oil circulating pump, a molten salt low-temperature pump, a molten salt high-temperature pump, a molten salt outlet electromagnetic valve, a low-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve, a high-temperature tank inlet electromagnetic valve, a high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve and a high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve;
the internal conduction oil circulating pump circulates conduction oil between the high-temperature conduction oil container and the oil salt heat exchanger, and further conducts heat energy from high-temperature compressed air to molten salt;
the molten salt low-temperature pump and the molten salt high-temperature pump drive molten salt to circulate among the oil salt heat exchanger, the molten salt low-temperature tank, the solar concentrating heat collector, the molten salt high-temperature tank and the heat exchanger for power generation, heat energy is finally transferred to compressed air through the heat exchanger for power generation, and the energy output by the compressed air to the expander is improved by improving the temperature and the pressure of the compressed air when the compressed air drives the expander to work;
in the process of the heat release and energy release step, when the water level sensor of the water tank monitors that the water level in the high-level water tank is reduced to the dead water level of the water tank, the electric control device closes the internal heat conducting oil circulating pump, the molten salt low-temperature pump, the molten salt high-temperature pump, the molten salt outlet electromagnetic valve, the low-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve, the high-temperature tank inlet electromagnetic valve, the high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve and the high-temperature pump outlet electromagnetic valve to complete the heat release and energy release step.
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| CN117318315A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-12-29 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Heat-insulating pumping compressed air energy storage device and method based on multistage water circulation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117318315A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-12-29 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Heat-insulating pumping compressed air energy storage device and method based on multistage water circulation |
| CN117318315B (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2024-04-30 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Heat-insulating pumping compressed air energy storage device and method based on multistage water circulation |
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