CN108844253B - Super-high temperature non-azeotropic working medium heat pump unit - Google Patents
Super-high temperature non-azeotropic working medium heat pump unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN108844253B CN108844253B CN201811036483.5A CN201811036483A CN108844253B CN 108844253 B CN108844253 B CN 108844253B CN 201811036483 A CN201811036483 A CN 201811036483A CN 108844253 B CN108844253 B CN 108844253B
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 124
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 93
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 30
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;bromide;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[Br-] IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- NKTUMKCOWFYOLC-UHFFFAOYSA-M OCC(F)(F)F.[Li+].[Br-] Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)F.[Li+].[Br-] NKTUMKCOWFYOLC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- VXJIMUZIBHBWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[Cl-] VXJIMUZIBHBWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WAZWGFFJLSIDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;iodide;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[I-] WAZWGFFJLSIDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IADULSDNXCPSMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;methanol;bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-].OC IADULSDNXCPSMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 trifluorodichloroethane-dimethanol Tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/02—Compression-sorption machines, plants, or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/006—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于能源利用技术领域，特别是涉及采用非共沸工质的超高温热泵。The invention belongs to the technical field of energy utilization, and in particular relates to an ultra-high temperature heat pump using non-azeotropic working fluid.
背景技术Background technique
在能源化工等领域广泛存在大量的低品位余热，这些余热通常以低温水或者蒸汽方式被直接排走未被利用，而由于其数量较大导致系统的能源利用效率较低。There is a large amount of low-grade waste heat in fields such as energy and chemical industry. This waste heat is usually directly discharged in the form of low-temperature water or steam and is not used. Due to its large amount, the energy utilization efficiency of the system is low.
目前的工业余热回收技术中较为常用的是热泵技术，如果采用吸收式热泵技术，无论是一类吸收式热泵或者二类吸收式热泵，由于吸收式热泵的流程或者溴化锂工质的限制导致其被加热介质的出口温度存在限制；如果采用电动热泵技术，电动热泵采用纯工质时由于压缩机和工质的限制导致升温幅度非常有限并且电耗较高导致经济性较差。The most commonly used industrial waste heat recovery technology is heat pump technology. If absorption heat pump technology is used, whether it is a first-class absorption heat pump or a second-class absorption heat pump, it will be eliminated due to the process of the absorption heat pump or the limitations of the lithium bromide working fluid. There are limitations on the outlet temperature of the heating medium; if electric heat pump technology is used, when the electric heat pump uses pure working fluid, the temperature rise range is very limited due to the limitations of the compressor and working fluid, and the power consumption is high, resulting in poor economy.
目前的吸收式热泵和电动热泵采用外部水路串联或者并联的方式进行使用，由于热泵的各个换热器均存在换热端差，由此导致在换热过程中发生不可逆的损失较大导致系统的性能较差。The current absorption heat pumps and electric heat pumps are used in series or parallel with external water circuits. Since each heat exchanger of the heat pump has a heat exchange end difference, it results in large irreversible losses during the heat exchange process and leads to system failure. Poor performance.
为了实现被加热介质温度的大幅度提升，该发明提出了一种将电动热泵冷凝器和吸收式热泵再生器蒸发器三合一的新型换热装置，可以回收50℃以下的工业余热废热同时，可以将被加热介质提升到180℃以上；该采用新型流程和换热装置的热泵相比现有报道的热泵技术具有更高出口温度和更大温升幅度的特点。In order to achieve a substantial increase in the temperature of the heated medium, the invention proposes a new heat exchange device that combines an electric heat pump condenser and an absorption heat pump regenerator evaporator into one, which can recover industrial waste heat below 50°C. The heated medium can be raised to above 180°C; this heat pump using a new process and heat exchange device has the characteristics of higher outlet temperature and greater temperature rise than the currently reported heat pump technology.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决余热回收过程余热资源的温度与被加热介质温度之间温差过大难以回收的问题，该发明提出了一种非共沸工质电动热泵与吸收式热泵合二为一的热泵机组，该机组并非将电动热泵和吸收式热泵的水路进行串联或者并联等简单连接，而是将电动热泵的冷凝器和吸收式热泵的蒸发器再生器“三器合一”，相比现有检索类似技术而言，由于流程创新减小了换热过程的不可逆损失，同时在电动热泵中使用了新型非共沸工质，因此具有更高的热泵COP（性能系数），该热泵可以回收50℃以下的工业余热，并将被加热介质加热到180℃以上。In order to solve the problem that the temperature difference between the temperature of the waste heat resource and the temperature of the heated medium is too large and difficult to recover during the waste heat recovery process, the invention proposes a heat pump unit that combines a non-azeotropic working fluid electric heat pump and an absorption heat pump into one. The unit does not simply connect the water circuits of the electric heat pump and the absorption heat pump in series or parallel, but "three devices into one" the condenser of the electric heat pump and the evaporator regenerator of the absorption heat pump. Compared with the existing similar technologies, the unit In terms of process innovation, the irreversible loss in the heat exchange process is reduced, and a new non-azeotropic working fluid is used in the electric heat pump. Therefore, it has a higher heat pump COP (coefficient of performance), and the heat pump can recover heat below 50°C. Industrial waste heat will heat the heated medium to above 180℃.
本发明将电动热泵的冷凝器、吸收式热泵再生器和吸收式热泵蒸发器合三为一，新型的三合一换热器同时实现了内部换热管管内非共沸工质冷凝和管外溶液再生和冷剂水蒸发的过程，相比只将电动热泵和吸收式热泵的相关水路进行串联，并联或者其它的连接方式而言，由于该新型换热器无须水路作为中间换热介质，因此具有更小的换热过程不可逆损失，热泵整体的COP显著升高。The invention combines the condenser of the electric heat pump, the absorption heat pump regenerator and the absorption heat pump evaporator into one. The new three-in-one heat exchanger simultaneously realizes the condensation of the non-azeotropic working fluid inside the internal heat exchange tube and the condensation of the working fluid outside the tube. Compared with the process of solution regeneration and refrigerant water evaporation, which only connects the relevant water circuits of electric heat pumps and absorption heat pumps in series, parallel or other connection methods, this new heat exchanger does not require water circuits as intermediate heat exchange media. With smaller irreversible losses in the heat exchange process, the overall COP of the heat pump is significantly increased.
本发明提供一种超高温非共沸工质热泵机组，所述热泵机组包括蒸发器1、冷凝器4、冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3、吸收器5、电动压缩机2和循环泵节流阀等配件构成。The invention provides an ultra-high temperature non-azeotropic working fluid heat pump unit. The heat pump unit includes an evaporator 1, a condenser 4, a condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3, an absorber 5, an electric compressor 2 and a circulation pump section. It is composed of flow valve and other accessories.
所述热泵机组蒸发器1通过管路与冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3连通，冷凝器4通过管路与冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3连通，吸收器5通过管路与冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3连通。The evaporator 1 of the heat pump unit is connected to the condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3 through pipelines, the condenser 4 is connected to the condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3 through pipelines, and the absorber 5 is connected to the condensation-evaporation heat exchanger 3 through pipelines. -The regeneration heat exchanger 3 is connected.
所述热泵的蒸发器1的连接管路包括余热水管路15、非共沸工质（液态）管路16和非共沸工质（汽态）管路20；液态的非共沸工质通过非共沸工质（液态）管路16进入蒸发器1后被余热水管路15内的工业余热介质加热后汽化由液态变成汽态，然后汽态的非共沸工质进入非共沸工质（汽态）管路20后离开蒸发器1再进入电动压缩机2。The connecting pipeline of the evaporator 1 of the heat pump includes a residual hot water pipeline 15, a non-azeotropic working fluid (liquid) pipeline 16 and a non-azeotropic working fluid (vapor) pipeline 20; the liquid non-azeotropic working fluid passes through The non-azeotropic working fluid (liquid) pipeline 16 enters the evaporator 1 and is heated by the industrial waste heat medium in the waste water pipeline 15 and then vaporizes from liquid to vapor. Then the vapor non-azeotropic working fluid enters the non-azeotropic working fluid. The mass (vapor) pipeline 20 then leaves the evaporator 1 and then enters the electric compressor 2.
所述热泵的吸收器5的连接管路包括制冷剂（汽态）管路21、稀溶液管路24、浓溶液管路22和被加热介质管路23；浓溶液进入吸收器5后在流动过程中吸收来自制冷剂（汽态）管路21的冷剂蒸汽，吸收的过程中溶液的浓度降低同时释放热量，该热量用于加热被加热介质管路23的管内介质；最后完成吸收过程的稀溶液通过稀溶液管路24离开吸收器5。The connecting pipeline of the absorber 5 of the heat pump includes a refrigerant (vapor state) pipeline 21, a dilute solution pipeline 24, a concentrated solution pipeline 22 and a heated medium pipeline 23; after the concentrated solution enters the absorber 5, it flows During the process, the refrigerant vapor from the refrigerant (vapor state) pipeline 21 is absorbed. During the absorption process, the concentration of the solution decreases and heat is released. The heat is used to heat the medium in the heated medium pipeline 23; finally, the absorption process is completed. The dilute solution leaves the absorber 5 through dilute solution line 24.
所述热泵的冷凝器4的连接管路包括制冷剂（汽态）管路19、制冷剂（液态）管路17和冷却介质管路18；制冷剂蒸汽通过制冷剂（汽态）管路19进入冷凝器4后与冷却介质管路18进行换热被冷却，进而制冷剂蒸汽由汽态变成液态，液态的制冷剂进入制冷剂（液态）管路17离开冷凝器4。The connecting pipeline of the condenser 4 of the heat pump includes a refrigerant (vapor) pipeline 19, a refrigerant (liquid) pipeline 17 and a cooling medium pipeline 18; the refrigerant vapor passes through the refrigerant (vapor) pipeline 19 After entering the condenser 4, it exchanges heat with the cooling medium pipe 18 and is cooled. Then the refrigerant vapor changes from vapor to liquid, and the liquid refrigerant enters the refrigerant (liquid) pipe 17 and leaves the condenser 4.
所述热泵的冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3包含非共沸工质冷凝腔体8、制冷剂蒸发腔体6和溶液再生腔体7构成；冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3的连接管路包括非共沸工质（汽态）管路20、制冷剂（液态）管路17、制冷剂（汽态）管路21、非共沸工质（液态）管路16、稀溶液管路24、浓溶液管路22和制冷剂（汽态）管路19；冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3同时实现非共沸工质冷凝、稀溶液再生和液态制冷剂蒸发的换热过程；冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3内部的非共沸工质冷凝腔体8实现来自非共沸工质（汽态）管路20的汽态非共沸工质在传热管9管内空间由气相变为液相的冷凝过程，冷凝形成的液态非共沸工质进入非共沸工质（液态）管路16；管外液体分布器10的作用是将液体均匀的分布在传热管9的外壁面，液体经过管外液体分布器10后由于自身的重力在传热管9的外壁面自上而下流动被加热；溶液再生腔体7实现在传热管9的管外表面稀溶液自上而下流动过程中被加热变成浓溶液并释放出制冷剂蒸汽的过程，产生的浓溶液进入浓溶液管路22，产生的制冷剂蒸汽进入制冷剂（汽态）管路19；制冷剂蒸发腔体6实现液态制冷剂变成汽态制冷剂的过程，液态制冷剂由制冷剂（液态）管路17进入，经过管外液体分布器10后在传热管9管外壁面自上而下的流动，流动过程中被传热管9加热由液态变成汽态，产生的汽态的制冷剂进入制冷剂（汽态）管路21。The condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3 of the heat pump includes a non-azeotropic working fluid condensation cavity 8, a refrigerant evaporation cavity 6 and a solution regeneration cavity 7; the connecting pipe of the condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3 The pipeline includes 20 non-azeotropic working fluid (vapor) pipelines, 17 refrigerant (liquid) pipelines, 21 refrigerant (vapor) pipelines, 16 non-azeotropic working fluid (liquid) pipelines, and dilute solution pipelines. 24. Concentrated solution pipeline 22 and refrigerant (vapor) pipeline 19; condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3 simultaneously realizes the heat exchange process of non-azeotropic working medium condensation, dilute solution regeneration and liquid refrigerant evaporation; condensation -The non-azeotropic working fluid condensation cavity 8 inside the evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3 realizes that the vapor non-azeotropic working fluid from the non-azeotropic working fluid (vapor state) pipeline 20 is transferred from the gas phase to the space in the heat transfer tube 9 During the condensation process into the liquid phase, the liquid non-azeotropic working fluid formed by condensation enters the non-azeotropic working fluid (liquid) pipeline 16; the function of the liquid distributor 10 outside the tube is to evenly distribute the liquid in the heat transfer tube 9 On the outer wall surface, after the liquid passes through the liquid distributor 10 outside the tube, it flows from top to bottom on the outer wall surface of the heat transfer tube 9 and is heated due to its own gravity; the solution regeneration cavity 7 realizes the dilute solution automatically flowing on the outer surface of the heat transfer tube 9 In the process of flowing up and down, it is heated into a concentrated solution and releases refrigerant vapor. The generated concentrated solution enters the concentrated solution pipeline 22, and the generated refrigerant vapor enters the refrigerant (vapor state) pipeline 19; the refrigerant The evaporation cavity 6 realizes the process of turning liquid refrigerant into vapor refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant enters from the refrigerant (liquid) pipeline 17, passes through the liquid distributor 10 outside the tube, and flows out from the top of the outer wall of the heat transfer tube 9. During the flow, it is heated by the heat transfer tube 9 and changes from liquid to vapor, and the generated vapor refrigerant enters the refrigerant (vapor) pipeline 21.
所述热泵机组包括三个内部工质循环回路：非共沸工质循环回路、溶液循环回路和制冷剂循环回路构成；非共沸工质循环回路包括蒸发器1、电动压缩机2、非共沸工质冷凝腔体8、传热管9和节流阀14以及连接管路构成；液态非共沸工质在蒸发器内被余热水管路15加热变成汽态，然后进入电动压缩机2被进一步提升其温度和压力，升温升压后的非共沸工质在冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3内的所有传热管9的管内通道放热由汽态变成液态后进入非共沸工质（液态）管路16，经过节流阀14减温减压后进入蒸发器1完成非共沸工质循环；溶液循环回路包括吸收器5、溶液再生腔体7、传热管9、溶液换热器11、溶液泵13和连接管路组成；浓溶液通过浓溶液管路22进入吸收器5后吸收来自制冷剂（汽态）管路21的汽态制冷剂后浓度降低同时释放热量加热被加热介质管路23管内的需要加热的介质；稀溶液进入稀溶液管路24经过溶液换热器11后进入溶液再生腔体7，稀溶液经过管外液体分布器10后由于重力作用在传热管9的外壁面流动，流动过程中被传热管9加热析出制冷剂蒸汽，同时稀溶液浓缩成浓溶液，浓溶液进入浓溶液管路22经过溶液换热器11和溶液泵13后进入吸收器5完成溶液循环；制冷剂循环回路由溶液再生腔体7、冷凝器4、制冷剂蒸发腔体6、制冷剂泵12和连接管路组成，在溶液再生腔体7析出的制冷剂蒸汽通过制冷剂（汽态）管路19进入冷凝器4，汽态的制冷剂被冷却介质管路18冷却后由汽态变为液态，液态制冷剂再进入制冷剂（液态）管路17经制冷剂泵12后进入制冷剂蒸发腔体6，液态的制冷剂经过管外液体分布器10后由重力作用在传热管9的外壁面自上而下流动被加热变成汽态，汽态的制冷剂进入制冷剂（汽态）管路21后进入吸收器5被浓溶液吸收。The heat pump unit includes three internal working fluid circulation loops: a non-azeotropic working fluid circulation loop, a solution circulation loop and a refrigerant circulation loop; the non-azeotropic working fluid circulation loop includes an evaporator 1, an electric compressor 2, a non-azeotropic working fluid circulation loop, and a non-azeotropic working fluid circulation loop. The boiling fluid condensation chamber 8, heat transfer tube 9, throttle valve 14 and connecting pipelines are composed of; the liquid non-azeotropic working fluid is heated by the residual hot water pipeline 15 in the evaporator and becomes vapor, and then enters the electric compressor 2 Its temperature and pressure are further raised. The heated and pressurized non-azeotropic working fluid changes from vapor state to liquid state after exothermic in the tube channels of all heat transfer tubes 9 in the condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3 and then enters the non-azeotropic working fluid. The boiling working fluid (liquid) pipeline 16 passes through the throttle valve 14 to reduce temperature and pressure and then enters the evaporator 1 to complete the non-azeotropic working fluid circulation; the solution circulation loop includes the absorber 5, the solution regeneration chamber 7, and the heat transfer tube 9 , solution heat exchanger 11, solution pump 13 and connecting pipelines; the concentrated solution enters the absorber 5 through the concentrated solution pipeline 22 and absorbs the vapor refrigerant from the refrigerant (vapor) pipeline 21, then the concentration is reduced and released simultaneously The heat heats the medium that needs to be heated in the heated medium pipeline 23; the dilute solution enters the dilute solution pipeline 24 and passes through the solution heat exchanger 11 and then enters the solution regeneration chamber 7. The dilute solution passes through the liquid distributor 10 outside the tube due to gravity. It flows on the outer wall of the heat transfer tube 9. During the flow process, it is heated by the heat transfer tube 9 and precipitates refrigerant vapor. At the same time, the dilute solution is concentrated into a concentrated solution. The concentrated solution enters the concentrated solution pipeline 22 and passes through the solution heat exchanger 11 and the solution pump 13. Then it enters the absorber 5 to complete the solution circulation; the refrigerant circulation loop is composed of the solution regeneration chamber 7, the condenser 4, the refrigerant evaporation chamber 6, the refrigerant pump 12 and the connecting pipeline. The refrigeration precipitated in the solution regeneration chamber 7 The refrigerant vapor enters the condenser 4 through the refrigerant (vapor) pipeline 19. The vapor refrigerant is cooled by the cooling medium pipeline 18 and then changes from vapor to liquid. The liquid refrigerant then enters the refrigerant (liquid) pipeline 17 After passing through the refrigerant pump 12, it enters the refrigerant evaporation chamber 6. After passing through the liquid distributor 10 outside the tube, the liquid refrigerant flows from top to bottom on the outer wall surface of the heat transfer tube 9 under the action of gravity and is heated into a vapor state. The refrigerant in the refrigerant state enters the refrigerant (vapor state) pipeline 21 and then enters the absorber 5 to be absorbed by the concentrated solution.
所述热泵机组采用的非共沸工质为具备优良热物理性质的HD-01型超高温三元非共沸环保型工质；该环保型非共沸工质可以实现冷凝温度超过130℃，相比仅采用R245fa等纯工质而言相同工况下具有更高的COP（性能系数）；HD-01非共沸工质同时采用R1234ze、R227ea和R245fa的三元混合物，该三元混合物中R1234ze的质量分数范围为10%-35%，R227ea的质量分数范围为5%-40%，R245fa的质量分数为40%-85%；The non-azeotropic working fluid used in the heat pump unit is the HD-01 ultra-high temperature ternary non-azeotropic environmentally friendly working fluid with excellent thermophysical properties; this environmentally friendly non-azeotropic working fluid can achieve a condensation temperature exceeding 130°C. Compared with only using pure working fluids such as R245fa, it has a higher COP (Coefficient of Performance) under the same working conditions; HD-01 non-azeotropic working fluid also uses a ternary mixture of R1234ze, R227ea and R245fa. In this ternary mixture The mass fraction of R1234ze ranges from 10% to 35%, the mass fraction of R227ea ranges from 5% to 40%, and the mass fraction of R245fa ranges from 40% to 85%;
R1234ze，化学式CHF=CHCF3，CAS编号1645-83-6，临界温度109.37℃，ODP值为0；R1234ze, chemical formula CHF=CHCF3, CAS number 1645-83-6, critical temperature 109.37°C, ODP value 0;
R227ea，化学式CF3CHFCF3，CAS编号431-89-0，临界温度101.75℃，ODP值为0；R227ea, chemical formula CF3CHFCF3, CAS number 431-89-0, critical temperature 101.75℃, ODP value 0;
R245fa，化学式CF3CH2CHF2，CAS编号460-73-1，临界温度154.01℃，ODP值为0。R245fa, chemical formula CF3CH2CHF2, CAS number 460-73-1, critical temperature 154.01℃, ODP value 0.
本发明中所使用的HD-01非共沸工质相比现有技术具有以下有益效果：The HD-01 non-azeotropic working fluid used in the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the existing technology:
（1）该非共沸工质所配制所采用的纯工质ODP均为0，属于环保工质；(1) The pure working fluid used in the preparation of this non-azeotropic working fluid has an ODP of 0, which is an environmentally friendly working fluid;
（2）该非共沸工质具备较好的温度滑移特性，在蒸发温度和冷凝温度温差较大时相比现有非共沸工质具有更高的COP；(2) The non-azeotropic working fluid has better temperature glide characteristics and has a higher COP than the existing non-azeotropic working fluid when the temperature difference between the evaporation temperature and the condensation temperature is large;
（3）该非共沸工质同矿物质油、环烷基油和POE油等具有较好的互溶性；(3) This non-azeotropic working fluid has good mutual solubility with mineral oil, naphthenic oil, POE oil, etc.;
（4）该非共沸工质与金属材料和非金属材料具有较好的相容性。(4) The non-azeotropic working fluid has good compatibility with metallic materials and non-metallic materials.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是一种超高温非共沸工质热泵机组流程示意图。Figure 1 is a flow diagram of an ultra-high temperature non-azeotropic working fluid heat pump unit.
附图标记：1-蒸发器，2-电动压缩机，3-冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器，4-冷凝器，5-吸收器，6-制冷剂蒸发腔体，7-溶液再生腔体，8-非共沸工质冷凝腔体，9-传热管，10-管外液体分布器，11-溶液换热器，12-制冷剂泵，13-溶液泵，14-节流阀，15-余热水管路，16-非共沸工质（液态）管路，17-制冷剂（液态）管路，18-冷却介质管路，19-制冷剂（汽态）管路，20-非共沸工质（汽态）管路，21-制冷剂（汽态）管路，22-浓溶液管路，23-被加热介质管路，24-稀溶液管路。Reference signs: 1-evaporator, 2-electric compressor, 3-condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger, 4-condenser, 5-absorber, 6-refrigerant evaporation chamber, 7-solution regeneration chamber , 8-non-azeotropic working fluid condensation chamber, 9-heat transfer tube, 10-liquid distributor outside the tube, 11-solution heat exchanger, 12-refrigerant pump, 13-solution pump, 14-throttle valve, 15-Waste hot water pipeline, 16-Non-azeotropic working fluid (liquid) pipeline, 17-Refrigerant (liquid) pipeline, 18-Cooling medium pipeline, 19-Refrigerant (vapor) pipeline, 20-Non- Azeotropic working medium (vapor state) pipeline, 21-refrigerant (vapor state) pipeline, 22-concentrated solution pipeline, 23-heated medium pipeline, 24-dilute solution pipeline.
具体实施方案Specific implementation plan
为使本发明实施的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行更加详细的描述；在附图中，自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件；所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例；下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制；基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the implementation of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; in the drawings, the same or similar ones are used throughout The reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions; the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments; the embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary, It is intended to explain the present invention and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection of the present invention. range.
一种超高温非共沸工质热泵机组，所述热泵机组包括蒸发器1、冷凝器4、冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3、吸收器5、电动压缩机2和循环泵节流阀等配件构成；所述热泵机组包括三个内部工质循环回路：非共沸工质循环回路、溶液循环回路和制冷剂循环回路构成；其中非共沸工质循环回路所使用的工质为HD-01型三元工质，HD-01非共沸工质同时采用R1234ze、R227ea和R245fa的三元混合物，该三元混合物中R1234ze的质量分数范围为10%-35%，R227ea的质量分数范围为5%-40%，R245fa的质量分数为40%-85%；三种组分的比例根据实际所应用的热泵工作温度进行配比；溶液循环回路和制冷剂循环回路所采用的循环工质为吸收式热泵可用的吸收剂-制冷剂工质对，可以选用溴化锂-水、氯化锂-水、碘化锂-水等盐溶液（水为制冷剂，盐类为吸收剂，制冷剂和吸收剂混合形成溶液），或者溴化锂-甲醇、溴化锂-三氟乙醇等（醇类为制冷剂，盐类为吸收剂，制冷剂和吸收剂混合形成溶液），或者三氟二氯乙烷-二甲醇四甘醇等（氟利昂为制冷剂，醇类为吸收剂，制冷剂和吸收剂混合形成溶液）；所采用的溶液类型依据该热泵的工作温度进行选择，以较为常见的溴化锂-水为工质对实施方式进行说明。An ultra-high temperature non-azeotropic working fluid heat pump unit. The heat pump unit includes an evaporator 1, a condenser 4, a condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3, an absorber 5, an electric compressor 2 and a circulation pump throttle valve, etc. It consists of accessories; the heat pump unit includes three internal working fluid circulation loops: a non-azeotropic working fluid circulation loop, a solution circulation loop and a refrigerant circulation loop; the working fluid used in the non-azeotropic working fluid circulation loop is HD- Type 01 ternary working fluid, HD-01 non-azeotropic working fluid uses a ternary mixture of R1234ze, R227ea and R245fa at the same time. The mass fraction range of R1234ze in this ternary mixture is 10%-35%, and the mass fraction range of R227ea is 5%-40%, the mass fraction of R245fa is 40%-85%; the proportions of the three components are proportioned according to the actual operating temperature of the heat pump; the circulating working fluid used in the solution circulation loop and the refrigerant circulation loop is: The absorbent-refrigerant working fluid pairs available for absorption heat pumps can be salt solutions such as lithium bromide-water, lithium chloride-water, lithium iodide-water (water is the refrigerant, salts are the absorbent, and the refrigerant and absorption agents are mixed to form a solution), or lithium bromide-methanol, lithium bromide-trifluoroethanol, etc. (the alcohol is the refrigerant, the salt is the absorbent, the refrigerant and the absorbent are mixed to form a solution), or trifluorodichloroethane-dimethanol Tetraethylene glycol, etc. (Freon is the refrigerant, alcohol is the absorbent, and the refrigerant and absorbent are mixed to form a solution); the type of solution used is selected based on the operating temperature of the heat pump, and the more common lithium bromide-water is used as the working fluid. The embodiment will be described.
所述热泵机组蒸发器1通过管路与冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3连通，冷凝器4通过管路与冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3连通，吸收器5通过管路与冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3连通。The evaporator 1 of the heat pump unit is connected to the condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3 through pipelines, the condenser 4 is connected to the condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3 through pipelines, and the absorber 5 is connected to the condensation-evaporation heat exchanger 3 through pipelines. -The regeneration heat exchanger 3 is connected.
所述热泵的蒸发器1的连接管路包括余热水管路15、非共沸工质（液态）管路16和非共沸工质（汽态）管路20；液态的非共沸工质通过非共沸工质（液态）管路16进入蒸发器1后被余热水管路15内的工业余热介质加热后汽化由液态变成汽态，然后汽态的非共沸工质进入非共沸工质（汽态）管路20后离开蒸发器1再进入电动压缩机2。The connecting pipeline of the evaporator 1 of the heat pump includes a residual hot water pipeline 15, a non-azeotropic working fluid (liquid) pipeline 16 and a non-azeotropic working fluid (vapor) pipeline 20; the liquid non-azeotropic working fluid passes through The non-azeotropic working fluid (liquid) pipeline 16 enters the evaporator 1 and is heated by the industrial waste heat medium in the waste water pipeline 15 and then vaporizes from liquid to vapor. Then the vapor non-azeotropic working fluid enters the non-azeotropic working fluid. The mass (vapor) pipeline 20 then leaves the evaporator 1 and then enters the electric compressor 2.
所述热泵的吸收器5的连接管路包括制冷剂（汽态）管路21、稀溶液管路24、浓溶液管路22和被加热介质管路23；溴化锂浓溶液进入吸收器5后在流动过程中吸收来自制冷剂（汽态）管路21的水蒸汽，吸收的过程中溴化锂溶液的浓度降低同时释放热量，该热量用于加热被加热介质管路23的管内介质（需要加热的水、水蒸气或者其它化工流体）；最后完成吸收过程的溴化锂稀溶液通过稀溶液管路24离开吸收器5。The connection pipeline of the absorber 5 of the heat pump includes a refrigerant (vapor state) pipeline 21, a dilute solution pipeline 24, a concentrated solution pipeline 22 and a heated medium pipeline 23; after the concentrated lithium bromide solution enters the absorber 5, During the flow process, water vapor from the refrigerant (vapor state) pipeline 21 is absorbed. During the absorption process, the concentration of the lithium bromide solution decreases and heat is released. This heat is used to heat the medium in the heated medium pipeline 23 (water that needs to be heated). , water vapor or other chemical fluids); the dilute lithium bromide solution that finally completes the absorption process leaves the absorber 5 through the dilute solution pipeline 24.
所述热泵的冷凝器4的连接管路包括制冷剂（汽态）管路19、制冷剂（液态）管路17和冷却介质管路18；水蒸汽通过制冷剂（汽态）管路19进入冷凝器4后与冷却介质管路18进行换热被冷却，进而水蒸汽由汽态变成液态，液态水进入制冷剂（液态）管路17离开冷凝器4。The connecting pipeline of the condenser 4 of the heat pump includes a refrigerant (vapor) pipeline 19, a refrigerant (liquid) pipeline 17 and a cooling medium pipeline 18; water vapor enters through the refrigerant (vapor) pipeline 19 After the condenser 4 exchanges heat with the cooling medium pipe 18 and is cooled, the water vapor changes from vapor to liquid, and the liquid water enters the refrigerant (liquid) pipe 17 and leaves the condenser 4 .
所述热泵的冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3包含非共沸工质冷凝腔体8、制冷剂蒸发腔体6和溶液再生腔体7构成；冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3的连接管路包括非共沸工质（汽态）管路20、制冷剂（液态）管路17、制冷剂（汽态）管路21、非共沸工质（液态）管路16、稀溶液管路24、浓溶液管路22和制冷剂（汽态）管路19；冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3同时实现非共沸工质冷凝、溴化锂稀溶液再生和液态水蒸发的换热过程；冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3内部的非共沸工质冷凝腔体8实现来自非共沸工质（汽态）管路20的汽态HD-01工质在传热管9管内空间由气相变为液相的冷凝过程，冷凝形成的液态HD-01工质进入非共沸工质（液态）管路16；管外液体分布器10的作用是将液体均匀的分布在传热管9的外壁面，液体经过管外液体分布器10后由于自身的重力在传热管9的外壁面自上而下流动被加热；溶液再生腔体7实现在传热管9的管外表面溴化锂稀溶液自上而下流动过程中被加热变成溴化锂浓溶液并释放出水蒸汽的过程，产生的溴化锂浓溶液进入浓溶液管路22，产生的水蒸汽进入制冷剂（汽态）管路19；制冷剂蒸发腔体6实现液态水变成水蒸气的过程，液态水由制冷剂（液态）管路17进入，经过管外液体分布器10后在传热管9管外壁面自上而下的流动，流动过程中被传热管9加热由液态变成水蒸气，产生的水蒸气进入制冷剂（汽态）管路21。The condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3 of the heat pump includes a non-azeotropic working fluid condensation cavity 8, a refrigerant evaporation cavity 6 and a solution regeneration cavity 7; the connecting pipe of the condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3 The pipeline includes 20 non-azeotropic working fluid (vapor) pipelines, 17 refrigerant (liquid) pipelines, 21 refrigerant (vapor) pipelines, 16 non-azeotropic working fluid (liquid) pipelines, and dilute solution pipelines. 24. Concentrated solution pipeline 22 and refrigerant (vapor) pipeline 19; condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3 simultaneously realizes the heat exchange process of condensation of non-azeotropic working fluid, regeneration of dilute lithium bromide solution and evaporation of liquid water; condensation -The non-azeotropic working fluid condensation cavity 8 inside the evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3 realizes that the vapor HD-01 working fluid from the non-azeotropic working fluid (vapor state) pipeline 20 is transferred from the gas phase to the space in the heat transfer tube 9 During the condensation process into the liquid phase, the liquid HD-01 working fluid formed by condensation enters the non-azeotropic working fluid (liquid) pipeline 16; the function of the liquid distributor 10 outside the tube is to evenly distribute the liquid in the heat transfer tube 9 On the outer wall surface, after the liquid passes through the liquid distributor 10 outside the tube, it flows from top to bottom on the outer wall surface of the heat transfer tube 9 and is heated due to its own gravity; the solution regeneration chamber 7 implements a dilute lithium bromide solution on the outer surface of the heat transfer tube 9 During the top-down flow process, it is heated to become a concentrated lithium bromide solution and releases water vapor. The generated concentrated lithium bromide solution enters the concentrated solution pipeline 22, and the generated water vapor enters the refrigerant (vapor state) pipeline 19; refrigerant The evaporation chamber 6 realizes the process of turning liquid water into water vapor. The liquid water enters from the refrigerant (liquid) pipeline 17, passes through the liquid distributor 10 outside the tube, and flows from top to bottom on the outer wall of the heat transfer tube 9. During the flow process, it is heated by the heat transfer tube 9 and changes from liquid to water vapor, and the generated water vapor enters the refrigerant (vapor state) pipeline 21 .
所述热泵机组包括三个内部工质循环回路：非共沸工质循环回路、溴化锂溶液循环回路和冷剂水循环回路构成；非共沸工质循环回路包括蒸发器1、电动压缩机2、非共沸工质冷凝腔体8、传热管9和节流阀14以及连接管路构成；液态HD-01工质在蒸发器内被余热水管路15加热变成汽态，然后进入电动压缩机2被进一步提升其温度和压力，升温升压后的HD-01工质在冷凝-蒸发-再生换热器3内的所有传热管9的管内通道放热由汽态变成液态后进入非共沸工质（液态）管路16，经过节流阀14减温减压后进入蒸发器1完成HD-01工质循环；溴化锂溶液循环回路包括吸收器5、溶液再生腔体7、传热管9、溶液换热器11、溶液泵13和连接管路组成；溴化锂浓溶液通过浓溶液管路22进入吸收器5后吸收来自制冷剂（汽态）管路21的水蒸气后浓度降低同时释放热量加热被加热介质管路23管内的需要加热的介质（水、水蒸气或者其它化工介质）；溴化锂稀溶液进入稀溶液管路24经过溶液换热器11后进入溶液再生腔体7，溴化锂稀溶液经过管外液体分布器10后由于重力作用在传热管9的外壁面流动，流动过程中被传热管9加热析出水蒸汽，同时溴化锂稀溶液浓缩成浓溶液，溴化锂浓溶液进入浓溶液管路22经过溶液换热器11和溶液泵13后进入吸收器5完成溶液循环；冷剂水循环回路包括溶液再生腔体7、冷凝器4、制冷剂蒸发腔体6、制冷剂泵12和连接管路，在溶液再生腔体7析出的水蒸汽通过制冷剂（汽态）管路19进入冷凝器4，水蒸气被冷却介质管路18冷却后由水蒸气变为液态水，液态水再进入制冷剂（液态）管路17经制冷剂泵12后进入制冷剂蒸发腔体6，液态水经过管外液体分布器10后由重力作用在传热管9的外壁面自上而下流动被加热变成水蒸气，水蒸气进入制冷剂（汽态）管路21后进入吸收器5被浓溶液吸收。The heat pump unit includes three internal working fluid circulation loops: a non-azeotropic working fluid circulation loop, a lithium bromide solution circulation loop and a refrigerant water circulation loop; the non-azeotropic working fluid circulation loop includes an evaporator 1, an electric compressor 2, and a non-azeotropic working fluid circulation loop. It consists of azeotrope working fluid condensation chamber 8, heat transfer tube 9, throttle valve 14 and connecting pipelines; the liquid HD-01 working fluid is heated in the evaporator by the residual hot water pipeline 15 and becomes vapor, and then enters the electric compressor 2 is further raised in temperature and pressure. The heated and pressurized HD-01 working medium releases heat from the vapor state into a liquid state in the tube channels of all heat transfer tubes 9 in the condensation-evaporation-regeneration heat exchanger 3 and then enters the non-condensation state. The azeotropic working fluid (liquid) pipeline 16, after reducing temperature and pressure through the throttle valve 14, enters the evaporator 1 to complete the HD-01 working fluid cycle; the lithium bromide solution circulation loop includes an absorber 5, a solution regeneration chamber 7, and heat transfer It consists of pipe 9, solution heat exchanger 11, solution pump 13 and connecting pipes; the concentrated lithium bromide solution enters the absorber 5 through the concentrated solution pipe 22 and then absorbs the water vapor from the refrigerant (vapor state) pipe 21 and the concentration decreases at the same time The heat is released to heat the medium to be heated (water, steam or other chemical media) in the heated medium pipeline 23; the lithium bromide dilute solution enters the dilute solution pipeline 24 and passes through the solution heat exchanger 11 and then enters the solution regeneration chamber 7. Lithium bromide After passing through the liquid distributor 10 outside the tube, the dilute solution flows on the outer wall of the heat transfer tube 9 due to gravity. During the flow process, it is heated by the heat transfer tube 9 to precipitate water vapor. At the same time, the dilute lithium bromide solution is concentrated into a concentrated solution, and the concentrated lithium bromide solution enters the concentrated solution. The solution pipeline 22 passes through the solution heat exchanger 11 and the solution pump 13 and then enters the absorber 5 to complete the solution circulation; the refrigerant water circulation loop includes a solution regeneration chamber 7, a condenser 4, a refrigerant evaporation chamber 6, a refrigerant pump 12 and Connect the pipeline, and the water vapor precipitated in the solution regeneration chamber 7 enters the condenser 4 through the refrigerant (vapor) pipeline 19. After being cooled by the cooling medium pipeline 18, the water vapor changes from water vapor to liquid water, and the liquid water is then cooled by the cooling medium pipeline 18. After entering the refrigerant (liquid) pipeline 17 and passing through the refrigerant pump 12, it enters the refrigerant evaporation chamber 6. After passing through the liquid distributor 10 outside the tube, the liquid water flows from top to bottom on the outer wall of the heat transfer tube 9 due to gravity. It is heated and turns into water vapor. The water vapor enters the refrigerant (vapor state) pipeline 21 and then enters the absorber 5 to be absorbed by the concentrated solution.
最后需要指出的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that it can still be used Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions are made to some of the technical features; however, these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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| CN110057128B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2023-12-19 | 北京华电东晟科技有限公司 | Coupling heat pump heat exchanger |
| CN110806038B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-07-27 | 江苏天舒电器有限公司 | Control method of heat pump system for dehumidification and drying |
| CN111336685B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2024-06-11 | 华北电力大学 | Super heat pump |
| CN114350321B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2024-02-09 | 湖北瑞能华辉能源管理有限公司 | An energy-saving and environmentally friendly heat pump working fluid and its application |
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