CN108843275B

CN108843275B - Fourth generation high-efficiency long-stroke long-life intelligent electromechanical hydraulic oil pumping machine

Info

Publication number: CN108843275B
Application number: CN201810591987.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘长年
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-06-12
Filing date: 2018-06-12
Publication date: 2020-11-20
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-12
Also published as: CN108843275A

Abstract

The invention provides a fourth generation high-efficiency long-stroke long-life intelligent electromechanical hydraulic oil pumping unit which consists of a long-stroke framework, a high-efficiency hydraulic system and an optimized electric control system. The stroke of the device reaches 10m, the ground efficiency is 72 percent, the service life can reach 10 years, and the device can work at

Without the need for warming and cooling. The stroke and the stroke frequency can be adjusted steplessly, and the accurate balance without counterweight blocks can be realized. In addition, the machine also has an overload and load interruption, liquid level and temperature automatic sensing and shutdown alarm system. But also can achieve the optimized oil extraction mode with fast upper part and slow lower part and improve the oil extraction efficiency of the underground pump.

Description

Fourth generation high-efficiency long-stroke long-life intelligent electromechanical hydraulic oil pumping machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to a fourth generation high-efficiency long-stroke long-life intelligent electromechanical hydraulic oil pumping machine, which is a novel rod oil pumping machine and mainly comprises a novel frame, a large-corner horse head, an optimally controlled hydraulic system and an electric control system.

Background

The prior hydraulic pumping unit has few users because of no good cooling device and short service life of a hydraulic mechanism, low efficiency, short stroke and the like, and can not meet the requirements of oil fields. The invention can make the ground efficiency of the hydraulic pumping unit reach 70-72%, the stroke reach 10m, the service life reaches 10 years, and the invention makes the weight light, the stroke, the frequency of stroke can be continuously adjusted, and the invention can also realize the automatic stop alarm of the high speed, the low speed, the over load and the load interruption. In addition, the invention also provides an optimized overall machine line and a specific structure diagram and size of a long-stroke framework, so that a user can easily design and manufacture the machine.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a fourth-generation efficient long-stroke long-life intelligent electromechanical hydraulic oil pumping unit which has the advantages and can realize counterweight-free block type balance. Can also work at

Without the need for warming and cooling.

The technical measure for implementing the invention is that the machine consists of a long-stroke framework, a high-efficiency hydraulic system and an electric control optimization system, wherein the framework comprises a bracket, a walking beam, a front horse head and a singular rear horse head. The hydraulic system comprises a multifunctional oil cylinder, a reversing system, a balancing system, a generator with a high speed and a low speed, an automatic oil supply device of an energy accumulator, a vibration absorption device, a braking system, a super-pole and broken-pole sensing system, an oil source and the like. The electric control system comprises power supply on-off control, host operation optimization control, valve logic control, vibration damping control, overload and load interruption, automatic temperature and liquid level monitoring, alarming and the like.

The front swing angle of the walking beam in the framework is 95.5 degrees, the ratio of the front radius of the walking beam to the rear radius of the walking beam is 5: 1, and thus the hydraulic oil pumping unit with short oil cylinder stroke and long stroke can be manufactured, and the long service life of the oil pumping unit is ensured.

The fanciful rear horse head is a theory and technology specially developed for protecting a steel wire rope from being broken quickly. The rear horse head circular arc with the radius of 3m and the angle of 42.82 degrees can be used for replacing the rear horse head circular arc with the r being 1.2m by calculation of the machine, so that the problem can be solved.

The main part of the hydraulic system is a reversing system, and the machine is reversed by a three-position four-way pair medium-sized electro-hydraulic reversing valve which drives an oil cylinder rod to move downwards (oil pumping) or upwards (return stroke). Because the upper and lower parts are provided with movable proximity switches, the stroke can be controlled, and the stroke frequency of the oil pumping unit can be changed by the swash plate of the oil pump.

The balance system is adjusted by an energy accumulator, when the piston moves downwards, the stress is maximum, the energy accumulator supplies oil to the upper cavity of the oil cylinder at the moment, the maximum force is given, and the oil pump is assisted to push the piston to move downwards together. When the horse head is reversed, the piston is pulled, so that the upper cavity oil is pushed back to the energy accumulator, and the up-and-down running force of the oil pumping unit is balanced.

The up-fast and down-slow generator is used to make the pumping unit run up fast to reduce the oil return leakage in the middle, and the down-slow is to make the down-hole pump raise its full charge coefficient, so that it can raise pumping efficiency. The invention stores the high pressure oil at the moment of reversing and pausing the oil pump at the upper dead point and the lower dead point of the oil cylinder in a small energy accumulator, and when the horsehead starts to pump oil upwards, the high pressure oil and the oil pumped by the oil source are injected into the middle lower cavity of the oil cylinder together, thereby accelerating the ascending speed. The generator consists of six parts, namely a small energy accumulator, a sequence valve, a speed regulating valve, an electromagnetic reversing valve, a one-way valve, a pressure gauge and the like. It also serves to assist in supplying 3 large accumulators with oil.

The automatic oil supply device for the energy accumulator supplies oil to 3 large energy accumulators at any time. Because the accumulator can not avoid oil leakage to the upper cavity of the oil cylinder in long-term operation, the system parameters need to change, therefore, an automatic oil-supplementing device is needed, the machine is provided with the simplest oil-supplementing device, and the oil-supplementing device consists of an electromagnetic reversing valve, three one-way valves and a pressure gauge with the lowest pressure electric contact. If the lowest pressure of the energy accumulator is lower than the set value, the pressure gauge is connected, the electromagnetic valve is electrified and reversed, the oil way is connected, the high-pressure oil from the oil source and the high-pressure oil from the reversed high-pressure oil-retaining energy accumulator flows into the three main energy accumulators together, and a certain amount of high-pressure oil flows into the three main energy accumulators every time of operation until the low pressure reaches and exceeds the designed value, and the contact of the pressure gauge is disconnected. When any one of the pipelines is lower than the required pressure, the one-way valve automatically cuts off the connection to avoid backflow.

The damping device is designed according to the theory that the load force is instantly changed from the maximum value to the minimum value when the machine returns, but actually, an upper valve in a downhole pump cannot be opened immediately, the instantaneous maximum load cannot be unloaded, so that a cylinder piston ascends at the maximum speed but returns to normal quickly, a cylinder rod needs to be adjusted back, and therefore, oscillation can be generated for a plurality of times, which is not allowed for the pumping unit, and a damping loop needs to be set for the damping device. The vibration eliminating loop is formed by connecting an electromagnetic reversing valve and a throttle valve in parallel and then connecting the electromagnetic reversing valve and the throttle valve in series in an oil return circuit. When the horse head descends, namely the reversing valve is closed instantly when the oil cylinder rod ascends, the oil return back pressure is high enough to resist against the high pressure generated instantly when the horse head descends, so that the system is stopped instantly, then the underground valve is opened, the reversing valve is also opened, and the purpose of vibration elimination is achieved. Because all are in the twinkling of an eye, so do not influence system efficiency.

The brake system is composed of a three-position four-way centering type electro-hydraulic reversing valve, when the brake is required, the reversing valve is powered off, the valve core returns to the middle position, and the oil paths from the oil cylinder to the oil cylinder are all blocked, so that the horse head immediately stops in the original position.

The overload and overload cut-off alarm system consists of pressure gauge with high and low voltage double-contact switch.

The liquid level and temperature alarm system can send signals by the liquid level sensor and the temperature sensor when the liquid level of oil in the oil tank is too low and the oil temperature is too high, so that the pumping unit is stopped to alarm.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. Wherein:

fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the present invention, fig. 2 is a hydraulic system diagram of the present invention, and fig. 3 is an electric control system diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In figure 1 at 9 is the front horse head,10 is the back horse head, 11 is the walking beam, 12 is the sucker rod, 8 is wire rope, 7 is the connector, 6 is the support, 5 is the production tree, R is preceding horse head radius of rotation, R equals 6m, R is back horse head radius, R equals 1.2m, beta_MIs the maximum angle of rotation, beta_M95.5 ° and Δ β 5.5 °. Wherein, the point O is the supporting point of the walking beam, obviously, the oil cylinder 13 pulls the rear horsehead to rotate the walking beam around the vertical plane, thereby the front horsehead 9 pulls the pumping rod 12 to move up and down by the steel wire rope 8 to achieve the purpose of pumping oil. But the front horse head 9 enters a part of the carriage 6 when it reaches the bottom dead center. Where O is 12m from the ground.

The hydraulic system of the present invention is shown in fig. 2. The hydraulic control system comprises a hydraulic cylinder 13, a three-position four-way medium-sized electro-hydraulic directional valve 18, a small oil supplementing accumulator 17, a main accumulator 20, a sequence valve 16, a speed regulating valve 22, a safety valve 23, a remote pressure regulating valve 25, a one-

way valve

26, 27, 46 and 51, a pressure gauge 28, a motor 29, an oil pump 30, a rough filter 31, a fine filter 32, a throttle valve 33, a

pressure gauge

24 and 34 with live contacts, a liquid level meter 36, a heater 37, a temperature sensor 38, an air filter 39 and high-

pressure stop valves

40, 41, 42, 43, 44 and 45, wherein the hydraulic control system is characterized in that the hydraulic control system is provided with the hydraulic cylinder 13, the hydraulic directional valve 14, the oil supplementing accumulator 15, the main accumulator 16, the sequence valve 22, the speed regulating valve 23, the safety valve 25, the remote pressure regulating. The system has the following 5 parts:

1. reversing system

Fig. 2 shows that the reversing system of the machine only has one three-position four-way centering type electro-hydraulic reversing valve 18 actually, when the front horsehead is lifted, the valve 18 is powered off, high-pressure oil flows to the cavity 47 of the oil cylinder from the port A, so that the piston moves downwards to drive the horsehead to move upwards for oil pumping. When reaching top dead center, approach switch G₁The circuit is connected, so that the valve 18 is switched, high-pressure oil flows into the 52 cavity of the oil cylinder from the port B, the 47 cavity flows back along the port A, and the horse head descends, thereby completing one cycle of oil pumping.

2. Balancing system

In order to balance a common oil pumping unit, a balance block is required to be additionally arranged, and a hydraulic oil pumping unit is no exception, so that the great weight is increased, personal accidents are frequently caused, and a lot of energy is consumed. The machine adopts hydraulic balance technology for this purpose. In fig. 2 there are 3 accumulators, designated 20, which each have a bladder inside, which is filled with gas and outside which is filled with high-pressure oil, which can be referred to as a fluid spring. And 3 of the hydraulic oil tanks are connected in parallel and communicated with the upper cavity of the oil cylinder, and the maximum pressure value of the hydraulic oil is given by the integral optimization of the system. When the horse head moves upwards, the horse head needs a large power by only depending on an oil source, if high-pressure oil of the energy accumulator is introduced into the upper cavity of the oil cylinder, the power generated by the oil pump can be greatly reduced, and the energy accumulator group is a large oil source. When the horse head is reversed, the minimum suspension point load pulls the horse head downwards, no energy is needed at all, and high-pressure oil is also fed back to the oil pump to change the oil pump into an oil motor. However, as shown in fig. 2, the oil cylinder pistons are all at the lowest end, the horse head moves downwards to push the hydraulic oil in the upper cavity back to the energy accumulator (20), the force is far greater than the minimum suspension point load, and the force is just counteracted by the high-pressure oil phase pumped by the oil pump. The optimization aims to ensure that three forces such as an energy accumulator (20), the minimum suspension point load and an oil pump are accurately balanced, so that the accurate balance of the pumping unit is ensured.

3. Design of up-down mechanism

Experts who research pumping oil propose that the running track of a sucker-rod pumping unit should be fast at the top and slow at the bottom, so that the back leakage amount can be reduced due to the fast at the top, and the filling factor of a downhole pump can be improved due to the slow at the bottom. The machine has the function. In figure 2, 6 parts of an energy accumulator 17, a sequential generator 16, an electromagnetic directional valve 15, a speed regulating valve 22, a one-way valve 27, a pressure gauge 28 and the like form a generator of 'up-down fast slow'. When the horse head is switched between the upper dead point and the lower dead point, the horse head can be stopped instantly, the oil pumped by the oil pump can be held high, and the oil can only flow back to the oil tank through the overflow valve, which is obviously a waste. The sequence valve 16 opening pressure is adjusted to the normal maximum value, and at the moment, the flow is guided to the accumulator 17 to be stored, the reversing valve 15 opens the flow only when ascending (power failure) and pushes the horse head to run rapidly upwards together with the flow pumped by the oil pump, and the reversing valve 15 is closed due to power on when reversing. This not only increases the fluid production, but also uses only the energy that is wasted.

4. Self-oil-supplementing loop

The main accumulator 20 is the main component for maintaining the balance of the machine, and it always produces micro-leakage from the cylinder seal ring during operation, which will affect the performance of the pumping unit over time, so some measures are needed. The self-oil-replenishing loop is quite simple. A solenoid directional valve 14 is arranged, high-pressure oil is led to an inlet of the solenoid directional valve 14 through a one-way valve 51, meanwhile, an energy accumulator 17 also flows into an inlet of the solenoid valve 14 through a one-way valve 27, the way is not closed at ordinary times (during power failure), when the pressure of a main energy accumulator is reduced due to micro leakage, a pointer of a pressure gauge 24 with an electric contact is connected, the directional valve 14 is connected, two high-pressure oil flows to the energy accumulator 20, oil supplement is started, the electricity meter is powered off after the oil supplement, and the oil supplement is finished. It should be noted here that the oil is replenished only at low pressure.

5. Vibration damping device

The vibration damping device has been described in the description of the hydraulic system, and the electric control part is mainly described here. FIG. 3 shows that the circuit 56 is powered off when the horse head moves upwards, so the electromagnetic directional valve 19 is powered off, so 19 is conducted, 56 is conducted when the horse head returns from the top dead center, and 19 is conducted (switch K)_MNormally closed, open in the absence of vibration) and the oil circuit is closed, but time relay SJ₃Contact SJ_3-1The oil circuit is switched off instantly and is switched on again.

6. Brake system

The function of the braking system is completed by the three-position four-way centering type electro-hydraulic reversing valve 18, when a braking signal is received, the reversing valve 18 is immediately powered off, the valve core returns to the middle position, and the middle upper cavity 52 and the middle lower cavity 47 of the oil cylinder are simultaneously blocked, so that the braking system is stopped.

7. Fault shutdown alarm system

The faults are sucker rod jamming, rod breaking, low liquid level, over temperature, etc. and are detected by the relevant sensors K_G、K_D、W_E、W_rFound (fig. 3) and shut down alarm.

The electric control system of the invention is shown in figure 3, wherein M is a three-way alternating current power supply, the right side is the electric control system, and two vertical lines A and O respectively represent a unidirectional alternating current 220V power supply and a ground wire. The uppermost circuit 53 in the two lines a and O represents the starting circuit of the motor, which includes three functions of manual starting Q, manual stopping T and automatic stopping, among which the automatic stoppingAnd also includes contacts RJ of relay RJ caused by overheating of motor circuit₁Open, and J for other reasons_2-1And (4) disconnecting and the like.

The circuit 54 is a hydraulic loading delay circuit when the motor is started.

The circuit 55 is composed of a load relief coil XH of an electromagnetic relief valve, and plays a role in starting delay loading to protect the motor.

The circuit 56 is a commutation loop which is formed by a proximity switch G₁Relay J₁Time relay SJ₂The two-position four-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 18, the manual reversing button SH and the electromagnetic reversing valve 19 in the vibration eliminating loop. 15 in the circuit 56 is a two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valve which plays a role in controlling the direction of oil supply.

The circuit 57 is also a commutation loop, as the horse head and proximity switch G₂When switched on, relay J₄Make contact with contact J_4-1Open and the circuit 56 is de-energized.

The circuit 58 is an oil supply network, and when the pressure gauge 24 is in electric contact K₂₄Because the oil pressure of the energy accumulator 20 is switched on when the oil pressure is lower than the minimum value, when the oil quantity meets the requirement, K₂₄And (5) disconnecting.

The circuit 59 is a sensing circuit for detecting overload, load interruption, liquid level, temperature, etc.

Circuit 60 is a shutdown alarm loop.

Claims

1. The fourth generation high-efficiency long-stroke long-life intelligent electromechanical hydraulic pumping unit consists of a long-stroke framework, a high-efficiency hydraulic system and an electric control optimization system, and is characterized in that the long-stroke framework comprises a bracket (6), a reversing system, a balancing system, a generator with a fast upper part and a slow lower part, an automatic oil supply device for an energy accumulator, a vibration absorption device, a braking system, an overload and load interruption shutdown alarm system, a liquid level shutdown alarm, a temperature shutdown alarm and an oil source; the electric control optimization system is used for power supply start-stop control, host operation optimization control, logic control of valves, electric control of the up-down slow generator, overload and load interruption, automatic sensing of temperature and liquid level and control of alarm;

maximum yaw angle beta of walking beam in frame_MEqual to 95.5 °, the front radius R of the walking beam (11) is 6 m; the rear fanciful horsehead (10) can protect the steel wire rope from being broken quickly, the arc radius of the rear fanciful horsehead is 3m, and the included angle is 42.82 degrees;

the main part of the hydraulic system is a reversing system, which uses a three-position four-way pair medium-sized hydraulic reversing valve (18) to drive a cylinder rod to pump oil downwards and reverse upwards, and the upper part and the lower part of the hydraulic system are provided with movable proximity switches (G)₂，G₁) Therefore, the stroke can be controlled, and the stroke frequency can be changed through the oil pump swash plate;

the balance system is adjusted by three energy accumulators (20), when the piston of the oil cylinder (13) runs downwards, the stress is maximum, the energy accumulators (20) supply high-pressure oil to the upper cavity of the oil cylinder at the moment, give the maximum force and assist the oil pump to push the piston to move downwards together; when the horse head returns, the piston is pulled, so that the oil in the upper cavity is pushed back to the energy accumulator, and the force of the oil pumping unit during the up-and-down operation is balanced;

the up-fast and down-slow generator makes the pumping unit run up fast, thus can reduce the crude oil back leakage, the down-slow can improve the fill factor of the underground pump, thus raise the oil recovery efficiency, collect the horse head in upper and lower two poles of reversing and pausing the instantaneous high-pressure oil into a small energy storage device (17), but not flow back to the oil tank; when the horse head ascends, the collected high-pressure oil and an oil source flow to a cavity of an oil cylinder (47) together, so that the ascending speed of the horse head is accelerated, and the up-down-slow generator mainly comprises a small energy accumulator (17), a sequence valve (16), a speed regulating valve (22), a reversing valve (15), a one-way valve (27) and a pressure gauge (28);

the shock absorption device is formed by connecting an electromagnetic reversing valve (19) and a throttle valve (33) in parallel and then connecting the electromagnetic reversing valve (19) and the throttle valve (33) in series in an oil return path of a three-position four-way medium-sized electro-hydraulic reversing valve (18), the electromagnetic reversing valve (19) of the shock absorption device is opened at ordinary times and returns oil together with the throttle valve (33), only when the horse head returns from the top dead center to the bottom, the electromagnetic reversing valve (19) causes the valve path to be closed because the circuit (56) is electrified, so that the back pressure is increased, the horse head cannot vibrate instantly, but the electromagnetic reversing valve (19) of the shock absorption device is powered off because the contact of a time relay is disconnected instantly, and the;

the oil pumping unit also comprises an automatic oil supplementing device of the energy accumulator, which supplements oil for the energy accumulator (20), wherein the automatic oil supplementing device comprises an electromagnetic directional valve (14), one-way valves (46, 51, 27) and a pressure gauge (24) with a low-voltage electric contact, when the energy accumulator leaks to a piston sealing ring on the oil cylinder due to long-term work, the pressure of the energy accumulator is reduced, at the moment, high-pressure oil is led to an inlet of the electromagnetic directional valve (14) through the first one-way valve (51), simultaneously, oil in the small energy accumulator (17) also flows into the inlet of the electromagnetic directional valve (14) through the second one-way valve (27), the oil is blocked when the oil is interrupted at ordinary times, when the pressure of the energy accumulator (20) is reduced due to micro-leakage, a pointer of the pressure gauge (24) with the electric contact is connected, the electromagnetic directional valve (14) is connected, two high-pressure oil simultaneously flow to the energy accumulator (20), the oil, and finishing oil supplement.

2. A fourth generation high efficiency long stroke long life intelligent electromechanical hydraulic pumping unit according to claim 1 wherein the braking system is comprised of said three position four way pair of medium electro-hydraulic directional valves (18) and when the brake is off the spool returns to the neutral position, so that the cylinder go and return oil paths are blocked and the horse head is stopped in the home position.

3. A fourth generation high efficiency long stroke long life intelligent electro-mechanical hydraulic pumping unit as claimed in claim 1 wherein the overload and outage alarm system is comprised of a pressure gauge (34) with high and low dual electrical contacts.

4. A fourth generation high efficiency long stroke long life intelligent electro-mechanical hydraulic pumping unit according to claim 1 wherein the liquid level shutdown alarm is comprised of a liquid level sensor (36); the temperature shutdown alarm consists of a temperature sensor (38).