CN108838393B - 一种复合pcbn刀片及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合PCBN刀片及其制备方法,该制备方法包括:1)将钴粉、镍粉、银粉、钯粉在保护气的存在下进行热处理,然后冷却、初次球磨得到球磨物;2)将球磨物、氧化铝、氮化硼、碳化钽进行二次球磨得到混合物;3)将混合物、硼酸铝晶须、碳纳米管进行混合得到粘结剂;4)在保护气存在下,将CBN单晶粉、粘结剂混合在硬质合金上热压以制得所述复合PCBN刀片。本发明复合PCBN刀片具有优异的断裂韧性,工序简单、原料易得。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及PCBN刀片,具体地,涉及一种复合PCBN刀片及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着制造技术的迅猛发展,切削加工作为制造技术的基础工艺,进入了以发展高效切削、开发新切削工艺和加工方法、提供成套技术为特征的新发展阶段。与此同时,制造技术和难加工材料的发展推动着刀具技术的发展,刀具技术也向着高态切削、高速切削、高精度和干式加工的方向发展。可实现高效率、高稳定性、长寿命加工的超硬刀具的应用也日渐普及,在汽车、航空航天、能源、军事、模具等领域发挥着重要作用。
在机械加工中,刀具材料是决定加工效率、加工质量和加工成本的关键因素之一,正确选择和应用刀具材料至关重要。现代刀具材料主要是高速钢、硬质合金和陶瓷,它们主要的硬质相成分是碳化物、氮化物和氧化物,加上粘结材料后,刀具的硬度在HV2000以下。对于某些现代难加工材料的加工,上述硬度已不能满足要求,于是超硬刀具材料便应运而生。PCBN(聚晶立方氮化硼)刀具、陶瓷刀具、涂层刀具等均具有很高的硬度、耐磨性和化学稳定性,能满足高速切削、干式切削、硬态切削等绿色制造的要求。由于PCBN刀具在加工精度、切削效率、刀具寿命等各个方面具有无可比拟的优越性,因此,PCBN刀具的推广和应用可创造巨大的经济效益。
虽然PCBN刀片具有优异的硬度、耐磨性、热稳定性、导热性、杨氏模量、热膨胀,但是PCBN刀片的断裂韧性较差,不及陶瓷刀具的一半,进而限制了PCBN刀片的发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种复合PCBN刀片及其制备方法,该复合PCBN刀片具有优异的断裂韧性,同时该制备方法具有工序简单和原料易得的优点。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种复合PCBN刀片的制备方法,包括:
1)将钴粉、镍粉、银粉、钯粉在保护气的存在下进行热处理,然后冷却、初次球磨得到球磨物;
2)将球磨物、氧化铝、氮化硼、碳化钽进行二次球磨得到混合物;
3)将混合物、硼酸铝晶须、碳纳米管进行混合得到粘结剂;
4)在保护气存在下,将CBN单晶粉、粘结剂混合在硬质合金上热压以制得所述复合PCBN刀片。
本发明还提供了一种复合PCBN刀片,该复合PCBN刀片通过上述的制备方法制备而得。
在上述技术方案中,本发明首先通过钴粉、镍粉、银粉、钯粉进行热处理、球磨得到球磨物;然后添加氧化铝、氮化硼、碳化钽进行二次球磨得到混合物,最后添加硼酸铝晶须、碳纳米管进行混合得到复合PCBN刀片。该粘结剂在各个组分的共同作用下使得制得的复合PCBN刀片具有优异的韧性,进而便于复合PCBN刀片的推广。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。
本发明提供了一种复合PCBN刀片的制备方法,包括:
1)将钴粉、镍粉、银粉、钯粉在保护气的存在下进行热处理,然后冷却、初次球磨得到球磨物;
2)将球磨物、氧化铝、氮化硼、碳化钽进行二次球磨得到混合物;
3)将混合物、硼酸铝晶须、碳纳米管进行混合得到粘结剂;
4)在保护气存在下,将CBN单晶粉、粘结剂混合在硬质合金上热压以制得所述复合PCBN刀片。
在本发明的步骤1)中,热处理的条件可以在宽的范围内选择,但是为了进一步提高制得的复合PCBN刀片的断裂韧性,优选地,在步骤1)中,热处理满足以下条件:处理温度为1100-1050℃,处理时间为2-4h。
在本发明的步骤1)中,各物料的用量可以在宽的范围内选择,但是为了进一步提高制得的复合PCBN刀片的断裂韧性,优选地,在步骤1)中,钴粉、镍粉、银粉、钯粉的重量比为5:3-3.5:0.08-0.15:0.05-0.15。
在本发明的步骤1)中,初次球磨的条件可以在宽的范围内选择,但是为了进一步提高制得的复合PCBN刀片的断裂韧性,优选地,在步骤1)中,初次球磨满足以下条件:大球与小球的质量比为2:0.8-1.2,磨球与物料的质量比为10:0.8-1.2,转速为1200-1400rpm,球磨时间为40-60min。
在本发明的步骤2)中,各物料的用量可以在宽的范围内选择,但是为了进一步提高制得的复合PCBN刀片的断裂韧性,优选地,在步骤2)中,球磨物、氧化铝、氮化硼、碳化钽的重量比为10:7-8:1-1.5:0.8-1.2。
在本发明的步骤2)中,二次球磨的条件可以在宽的范围内选择,但是为了进一步提高制得的复合PCBN刀片的断裂韧性,优选地,在步骤2)中,二次球磨满足以下条件:大球与小球的质量比为2:0.8-1.2,磨球与物料的质量比为10:2-3,转速为1700-1900rpm,球磨时间为1.5-2h。
在本发明的步骤3)中,各物料的用量可以在宽的范围内选择,但是为了进一步提高制得的复合PCBN刀片的断裂韧性,优选地,在步骤3)中,混合物、硼酸铝晶须、碳纳米管的重量比为10:0.8-1.2:0.05-0.15。
在本发明的步骤3)中,硼酸铝晶须的规格可以在宽的范围内选择,但是为了进一步提高制得的复合PCBN刀片的断裂韧性,优选地,在步骤3)中,硼酸铝晶须满足:平均直径为4-6um,平均长度为50-100um。
在本发明的步骤4)中,各物料的用量可以在宽的范围内选择,但是为了进一步提高制得的复合PCBN刀片的断裂韧性,在步骤4)中,所述CBN单晶粉、粘结剂的重量比为4:2-2.5。
在本发明的步骤4)中,热压的条件可以在宽的范围内选择,但是为了进一步提高制得的复合PCBN刀片的断裂韧性,优选地,在步骤4)中,所述热压的条件为:温度为1800-1850℃,压力为5.5-6GPa,时间为3-5min。
本发明还提供了一种复合PCBN刀片,该复合PCBN刀片通过上述的制备方法制备而得。
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
实施例1
1)将钴粉、镍粉、银粉、钯粉按照5:3.3:0.1:0.1的重量比在保护气(氦气)的存在下进行热处理(处理温度为1030℃,处理时间为3h),然后冷却、初次球磨(大球与小球的质量比为2:1,磨球与物料的质量比为10:1,转速为1300rpm,球磨时间为50min)得到球磨物;
2)将所述球磨物、氧化铝、氮化硼、碳化钽按照10:7.5:1.3:1的重量比进行二次球磨(大球与小球的质量比为2:1,磨球与物料的质量比为10:2.5,转速为1800rpm,球磨时间为1.8h)得到混合物;
3)将所述混合物、硼酸铝晶须(平均直径为5um,平均长度为80um)、碳纳米管按照10:1:0.1的重量比进行混合得到所述粘结剂A1。
实施例2
1)将钴粉、镍粉、银粉、钯粉按照5:3:0.08:0.05的重量比在保护气(氦气)的存在下进行热处理(处理温度为1100℃,处理时间为2h),然后冷却、初次球磨(大球与小球的质量比为2:0.8,磨球与物料的质量比为10:0.8,转速为1200rpm,球磨时间为60min)得到球磨物;
2)将所述球磨物、氧化铝、氮化硼、碳化钽按照10:7:1:0.8的重量比进行二次球磨(大球与小球的质量比为2:0.8,磨球与物料的质量比为10:2,转速为1700rpm,球磨时间为2h)得到混合物;
3)将所述混合物、硼酸铝晶须(平均直径为4um,平均长度为50um)、碳纳米管按照10:0.8:0.05的重量比进行混合得到所述粘结剂A2。
实施例3
1)将钴粉、镍粉、银粉、钯粉按照5:3.5:0.15:0.15的重量比在保护气(氦气)的存在下进行热处理(处理温度为1050℃,处理时间为2h),然后冷却、初次球磨(大球与小球的质量比为2:1.2,磨球与物料的质量比为10:1.2,转速为1400rpm,球磨时间为40min)得到球磨物;
2)将所述球磨物、氧化铝、氮化硼、碳化钽按照10:8:1.5:1.2的重量比进行二次球磨(大球与小球的质量比为2:1.2,磨球与物料的质量比为10:3,转速为1900rpm,球磨时间为1.5h)得到混合物;
3)将所述混合物、硼酸铝晶须(平均直径为6um,平均长度为100um)、碳纳米管按照10:1.2:0.15的重量比进行混合得到所述粘结剂A3。
对比例1
按照实施例1的方法进行制得粘结剂B1,所不同的是未使用硼酸铝晶须。
对比例2
按照实施例1的方法进行制得粘结剂B2,所不同的是未使用碳纳米管。
应用例1
在保护气存在、1800℃、5.5GPa的条件下,将CBN单晶粉、粘结剂按照4:2.3的重量比进行混合,并在硬质合金上压制3min得到复合PCBN刀片,然后通过SENB法检测复合PCBN刀片的断裂韧性,结果如表1所示。
表1
粘结剂 | A1 | A2 | A3 | B1 | B2 |
断裂韧性/Pa·m<sup>0.5</sup> | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 4.9 | 4.5 |
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本发明的思想,其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。
Claims (6)
1.一种复合PCBN刀片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
1)将钴粉、镍粉、银粉、钯粉在保护气的存在下进行热处理,然后冷却、初次球磨得到球磨物;
2)将所述球磨物、氧化铝、氮化硼、碳化钽进行二次球磨得到混合物;
3)将所述混合物、硼酸铝晶须、碳纳米管进行混合得到粘结剂;
4)在保护气存在下,将CBN单晶粉、粘结剂混合在硬质合金上热压以制得所述复合PCBN刀片;
其中,在步骤1)中,所述热处理满足以下条件:处理温度为1100-1050℃,处理时间为2-4h;在步骤1)中,所述钴粉、镍粉、银粉、钯粉的重量比为5:3-3.5:0.08-0.15:0.05-0.15;在步骤2)中,所述球磨物、氧化铝、氮化硼、碳化钽的重量比为10:7-8:1-1.5:0.8-1.2;在步骤3)中,所述混合物、硼酸铝晶须、碳纳米管的重量比为10:0.8-1.2:0.05-0.15;在步骤4)中,所述热压的条件为:温度为1800-1850℃,压力为5.5-6GPa,时间为3-5min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,在步骤1)中,所述初次球磨满足以下条件:磨球与物料的质量比为10:0.8-1.2,转速为1200-1400rpm,球磨时间为40-60min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,在步骤2)中,所述二次球磨满足以下条件:磨球与物料的质量比为10:2-3,转速为1700-1900rpm,球磨时间为1.5-2h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,在步骤3)中,所述硼酸铝晶须满足:平均直径为4-6um,平均长度为50-100um。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,在步骤4)中,所述CBN单晶粉、粘结剂的重量比为4:2-2.5。
6.一种复合PCBN刀片,其特征在于,所述复合PCBN刀片通过权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的制备方法制备而得。
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WO2006099194A2 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-21 | Hyun Sam Cho | Double-sided and multi-layered pcbn and pcd abrasive articles |
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CN107500776A (zh) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-12-22 | 郑州航空工业管理学院 | 一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料及其制备方法 |
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WO2006099194A2 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-21 | Hyun Sam Cho | Double-sided and multi-layered pcbn and pcd abrasive articles |
WO2011031549A2 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2011-03-17 | Smith International, Inc. | Method of forming metal deposits on ultrahard materials |
CN105908041A (zh) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-08-31 | 富耐克超硬材料股份有限公司 | 高韧性聚晶复合材料和高韧性聚晶刀片及其制备方法 |
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