CN108832658B - Wind power penetration power limit calculation method considering frequency constraint and wind power frequency modulation - Google Patents

Wind power penetration power limit calculation method considering frequency constraint and wind power frequency modulation Download PDF

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CN108832658B
CN108832658B CN201810652509.2A CN201810652509A CN108832658B CN 108832658 B CN108832658 B CN 108832658B CN 201810652509 A CN201810652509 A CN 201810652509A CN 108832658 B CN108832658 B CN 108832658B
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李世春
唐红艳
刘道兵
钟浩
舒征宇
雷小林
吕翔生
王扬
曹润杰
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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    • H02J3/386—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract

A wind power penetration power limit calculation method considering frequency constraint and wind power frequency modulation is characterized in that a weighted equivalent aggregation method is used for solving a wind power plant primary frequency modulation response transfer function model and an active increment of wind power primary frequency modulation; the wind power virtual inertia control strategy is considered, and equivalent inertia time constants of the power system under different wind power permeabilities are calculated and solved; by considering the load damping effect, a power grid frequency response model of an equivalent rotor swing equation is established to describe the frequency response characteristic of the power system, and the calculation method of the power grid wind power penetration power limit is provided by taking the steady state deviation boundary and the frequency change rate boundary of the power system as constraints. According to the method, the active increment generated by the real wind power virtual inertia response and the primary frequency modulation response and the power system frequency constraint are introduced into the calculation of the wind power penetration power limit, the robustness of the power grid under the wind power grid-connected condition is improved, and the method has important guiding significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid and the construction of wind power grid-connected planning.

Description

Wind power penetration power limit calculation method considering frequency constraint and wind power frequency modulation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wind power grid-connected control, and particularly relates to a wind power penetration power limit calculation method considering frequency constraint and wind power frequency modulation.
Background
With the continuous improvement of wind power permeability, the variable speed wind turbine generator replaces more and more conventional generators to occupy higher proportion in a power grid, so that the equivalent inertia of a power system is reduced, the primary frequency modulation capability is weakened, the frequency characteristic of the system is deteriorated, and the wind power acceptance capability of the power grid is limited. The wind power penetration power limit refers to the proportion of the maximum installed capacity of a wind power plant which can be accepted by a power system under the condition of meeting various operation constraints to the maximum load of the system. The wind power virtual inertia control technology and the primary frequency modulation auxiliary control technology are effective means for improving system frequency drop and wind power access capacity. Therefore, under the new situation that the variable speed fan virtual inertia control technology and the primary frequency modulation control technology are generally popularized and applied, how to accurately and quantitatively calculate the wind power penetration power limit has important guiding significance for ensuring safe and stable operation of a power grid and wind power grid-connected planning construction.
There are various methods for calculating the limit of the wind power penetration. Under the condition of not considering wind power inertia/primary frequency modulation, the traditional wind power penetration power limit calculation method firstly assumes the penetration power limit of wind power, then carries out dynamic simulation experiments for many times, and continuously corrects the assumed value until the constraint condition is met, and the method has low calculation efficiency and precision. The scholars also provide a wind power penetration power limit calculation method based on mathematical optimization, factors restricting wind power access are used as constraint conditions, wind power access capacity maximization is used as an optimization target, optimization calculation is carried out, and the wind power penetration power limit is solved. Under the new situation that the wind power permeability is continuously increased and the virtual inertia control technology and the primary frequency modulation control technology of the variable speed fan are generally popularized and applied, it is very necessary to calculate the wind power penetration power limit containing the virtual inertia and the primary frequency modulation control. If the wind power penetration power limit containing the virtual inertia/primary frequency modulation control is calculated by adopting a method without considering the wind power inertia/primary frequency modulation, the result is conservative, the grid-connected scale of wind power is limited, and the method is not suitable for calculating the wind power penetration power limit under the new potential. From the constraint conditions of wind power penetration limit calculation research at home and abroad at present, the penetration power limit is calculated without considering the combination of frequency steady-state constraint and frequency transient-state constraint temporarily.
Therefore, a wind power penetration power limit calculation method considering wind power virtual inertia response and primary frequency modulation response constrained by frequency indexes is researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a wind power penetration power limit calculation method for wind power virtual inertial response and primary frequency modulation response considering frequency index constraint.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is a wind power penetration power limit calculation method considering frequency constraint and wind power frequency modulation, which specifically comprises the following steps,
step 1: respectively carrying out parameter equivalence calculation on a wind turbine generator group, a thermal power turbine generator group and a hydroelectric generator group by adopting a weighted dynamic equivalence parameter aggregation method, and solving a parameter K of an equivalent turbine generator groupG；
Step 2: calculating the equivalent inertia time constant H of the system under different wind power permeabilities by considering the coupling effect of the wind power virtual inertia response∑；
And step 3: according to the dynamic response model transfer function h of the primary frequency modulation control system of the rotating speed of a single wind turbine generatorwt(s) calculating and solving a transfer function h of a dynamic response model of the wind power plant based on the primary frequency modulation control system of the rotating speed by adopting a weighted dynamic equivalent parameter aggregation methodmWF(s) active power increment delta P of primary wind power frequency modulationmWF(s)；
And 4, step 4: establishing equivalent model h of steam turbine-speed regulatormT(s) and hydraulic turbine-governor equivalent model hmH(s) characterizing the regulating action of the conventional unit;
and 5: taking into account the load damping effect, establishing a load containing H∑And hmWF(s) describing a power system frequency response characteristic by using a power grid frequency response model of an equivalent rotor swing equation of the power system;
step 6: the wind power penetration power limit alpha is solved by taking the frequency steady state deviation boundary of the power system as a constraint1；
And 7: the wind power penetration power limit alpha is solved by taking the frequency change rate boundary of the power system as a constraint2；
And 8: comparing wind power penetration power limit alpha1Wind power penetration limit α2Taking alpha1And alpha2And the smaller value is used as the wind power penetration power limit of the power grid.
Further, in step 1, the machine group includes N machine group sets G ═ 1,2 … j … N, and assuming that the angular velocities of the rotors in the same machine group set are the same as ω, the parameters of the equivalent machine groups are:
Figure GDA0002898834700000021
the subscript j represents the jth unit in the cluster and is a thermal power unit, a hydroelectric power unit or a wind power unit; sj、KjThe capacity of the unit and the equivalent inertia time constant of the unit are respectively.
Further, in step 2, the power plant in the system is set to comprise a wind power plant containing virtual inertia control and a conventional power plant, the number of wind power plant clusters is a, the number of conventional power plant clusters is b, and the system is set to comprise a wind power plant containing virtual inertia control and a conventional power plant
Figure GDA0002898834700000031
System equivalent inertia time constant H∑Can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0002898834700000032
wherein HeqWFi、SeqWFiRespectively an equivalent inertia time constant, a rated capacity, H, of a wind power plant containing virtual inertia controlCONi、SCONiRespectively is the inertia time constant, rated capacity, K of the conventional power plantdfGain is controlled for virtual inertia of a fan in the wind power plant; h0Representing the inertia of a conventional unit, and delta H representing wind power virtual inertiaThe magnitude of inertia of the sexual response.
Further, in step 3, the transfer function h of the dynamic response model of the primary frequency modulation control system of a single wind turbine generator setwt(s) is:
Figure GDA0002898834700000033
wherein b is0，a0，a1，a2，a3Is a transfer function hwtCoefficient of(s), KpfControlling a gain for droop; by adopting the aggregation equivalence method of the formula (1), the wind power plant is based on the transfer function h of the dynamic response model of the primary frequency modulation control system of the rotating speedmWF(s) is:
Figure GDA0002898834700000034
wherein b is0G，a0G，a1G，a2G，a3GAre respectively a transfer function hmWFEach equivalent parameter of(s) is
Figure GDA0002898834700000035
Thus obtaining Δ ωsAnd Δ PmWFThe relationship of (1):
Figure GDA0002898834700000036
further, in step 4, the mechanical power increment of the equivalent turbine-governor is as follows:
Figure GDA0002898834700000037
the mechanical power increment of an equivalent hydro-turbine-governor can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0002898834700000038
wherein R isTG、RHG、TRHG、FHPG、TwGAnd the equivalent aggregation parameters are respectively a turbine difference adjusting coefficient, a reheater time constant, a high-pressure turbine stage power ratio and a water hammer effect coefficient.
Further, in step 5, a single generator set j is used for generating the rated capacity SjAs reference capacity, aggregated equivalent machine capacity SGThe equivalent machine roll equation for the baseline capacity is:
Figure GDA0002898834700000041
wherein Hj、Dj、PmjAnd PejRespectively the inertia time constant, the damping coefficient, the prime motor power and the electromagnetic power of the motor j, and the parameter values are respectively the rated capacity S of the motor jjIs a per unit value of the base value; the method comprises the following steps of (1) dividing the units in the system into two types, namely a conventional unit and a wind turbine unit containing wind power virtual inertia control; considering the load damping effect and the wind power penetration power limit alpha, a power grid frequency response model containing wind power virtual inertia and wind power primary frequency modulation response action is as follows:
Figure GDA0002898834700000042
wherein Δ PLIs the system power shortage, Δ PmWF、ΔPmT、ΔPmHRespectively representing the active increment of a conventional wind turbine generator, the active increment of a thermal power generating unit and the active increment of a hydroelectric generating unit after disturbance, and D is a system equivalent load damping coefficient.
Further, in step 6, when the power system operation tends to the steady state, d Δ ω/dt is 0, and Δ ω(s) is 0 corresponding to the frequency domain result, which can be obtained by combining equation (9):
Figure GDA0002898834700000043
wherein, delta is a steady-state frequency deviation boundary, and the wind power penetration power limit alpha containing the steady-state frequency deviation constraint is reversely solved1。
Further, in step 7, in the initial stage of power shortage and frequency disturbance, the frequency deviation is small, Δ ω is approximately equal to 0, and the following equation (9) is combined:
Figure GDA0002898834700000044
wherein eta is a frequency change rate boundary to obtain a wind power penetration power limit alpha containing frequency change rate constraint2。
Further, in step 8, the wind power penetration power limit α of the wind power virtual inertia response and the primary frequency modulation response can be obtained by combining the formulas (10) and (11):
α＝min(α1,α2) (12)
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the method, the active increment generated by the real wind power virtual inertia response and the primary frequency modulation response and the frequency constraint of the power system are introduced into the calculation of the wind power penetration power limit, so that the robustness of a power grid under the wind power grid-connected condition is improved;
2) the method objectively carries out deep analysis on the threshold value of the random fluctuation of the wind power output, and improves the adaptability of the wind power plant planning scheme;
3) the wind power penetration power limit calculation method considering the frequency constraint and the wind power frequency modulation can be widely applied to simulation analysis of a wind power system, and has important guiding significance for ensuring safe and stable operation of a power grid and construction of wind power grid-connected planning.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a wind power penetration limit calculation method considering frequency constraint and wind power frequency modulation.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the time K of sudden load increasedf0 different KpfThe following system frequency deviation response plot.
FIG. 4 shows the time K of sudden load increasepf0 different KdfThe system frequency rate of change response plot below.
FIG. 5 shows the time K of sudden load increasepf1 times different KdfSystem frequency deviation response plot under coupling.
FIG. 6 shows the time K of sudden load increasepf1 times different KdfThe system frequency rate of change response plot under coupling.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a wind power penetration limit calculation method considering frequency constraint and wind power frequency modulation specifically includes the following steps,
step 1: introducing a dynamic equivalent parameter aggregation method based on weighting, and respectively performing parameter equivalent calculation on a wind turbine generator group a and a conventional turbine generator group b; if a certain cluster (thermal power, hydroelectric power or wind power) is identified and known to include N cluster sets G ═ 1,2 … j … N by a coherent method, and the angular velocities of the rotors of the same cluster set are assumed to be the same as ω, the parameters of the equivalent cluster set are as follows:
Figure GDA0002898834700000051
wherein, subscripts j, G are j set of machine group and equivalent machine in the machine group respectively, Sj、KjRespectively the capacity of the unit and the equivalent inertia time constant of the unit;
step 2: when the virtual inertia of wind power is adopted, a power plant in the system is divided into a wind power plant containing virtual inertia control and a conventional power plant (unit), and the number of the stations is a and b respectively
Figure GDA0002898834700000061
The equivalent inertia time constant H of the system under different wind power permeability∑Can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0002898834700000062
wherein HeqWFi、SeqWFiRespectively an equivalent inertia time constant, a rated capacity, H, of a wind power plant containing virtual inertia controlCONi、SCONiRespectively is the inertia time constant, rated capacity, K of the conventional power plantdfGain is controlled for virtual inertia of a fan in the wind power plant; h0The inertia of a conventional unit is represented, Δ H represents the inertia of wind power virtual inertia response, and Δ H is 0 when no wind power virtual inertia is acted;
and step 3: in the wind power plant primary frequency modulation response aggregation model, when a primary frequency modulation auxiliary control strategy of rotating speed control is adopted, the transfer function h of the wind power plant primary frequency modulation response equivalent aggregation model is solvedmWF(s) wind farm mechanical Power increment Δ PmWF(s): dynamic response model transfer function h of primary frequency modulation control system of single wind turbine generatorwt(s) is:
Figure GDA0002898834700000063
wherein b is0，a0，a1，a2，a3Is a transfer function hwtCoefficient of(s), KpfControlling a gain for droop; by adopting the equivalence method of the formula (1), the wind power plant is based on the transfer function h of the dynamic response model of the primary frequency modulation control system of the rotating speedmWF(s) is:
Figure GDA0002898834700000064
wherein b is0G，a0G，a1G，a2G，a3GAre respectively a transfer function hmWFEach equivalent parameter of(s) is
Figure GDA0002898834700000065
Thus obtaining Δ ωsAnd Δ PmWFThe relationship of (1):
Figure GDA0002898834700000066
and 4, step 4: establishing equivalent model h of steam turbine-speed regulatormT(s) and hydraulic turbine-governor equivalent model hmH(s) characterizing the regulating action of the conventional unit; for the steam turbine-speed regulator model, a weighting equivalence method is utilized to equate a fire-electricity generating set in the system into one machine, and the mechanical power increment of the equivalent steam turbine-speed regulator is as follows:
Figure GDA0002898834700000071
similarly, the mechanical power increment of an equivalent hydro-governor can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0002898834700000072
wherein R isTG、RHG、TRHG、FHPG、TwGEquivalent aggregation parameters of a turbine difference adjustment coefficient, a reheater time constant, a high-pressure turbine stage power ratio and a water hammer effect coefficient are respectively set;
and 5: for a single generator set j, with a rated capacity SjAs reference capacity, aggregated equivalent machine capacity SGThe equivalent machine roll equation for the baseline capacity is:
Figure GDA0002898834700000073
wherein Hj、Dj、PmjAnd PejRespectively the inertia time constant, the damping coefficient, the prime motor power and the electromagnetic power of the motor j, and the parameter values are respectively the rated capacity S of the motor jjIs a per unit value of the base value; still separate the units in the system into two categoriesA conventional generator set and a wind turbine set containing wind power virtual inertia control; considering the load damping effect and the wind power penetration power limit alpha, and establishing a power grid frequency response model with wind power virtual inertia and wind power primary frequency modulation response functions as follows:
Figure GDA0002898834700000074
wherein Δ PLIs the system power shortage, Δ PmWF、ΔPmT、ΔPmHRespectively representing the active increment of a conventional wind turbine generator, the active increment of a thermal power generating unit and the active increment of a hydroelectric generating unit after disturbance, wherein D is a system equivalent load damping coefficient;
step 6: when the steady-state frequency deviation of the power system is taken as a constraint and the power system is in a steady-state operation, d Δ ω/dt is 0, and Δ ω(s) is obtained as a result of a corresponding frequency domain, s is 0, and the combination formula (9) is obtained:
Figure GDA0002898834700000075
wherein, delta is a steady-state frequency deviation boundary, and the wind power penetration power limit alpha containing steady-state frequency deviation constraint can be reversely solved1；
And 7: with the frequency change rate as a constraint, the frequency deviation is small at the initial stage of the frequency disturbance and the power shortage occurs, and Δ ω is approximately equal to 0, which can be obtained by combining equation (9):
Figure GDA0002898834700000076
wherein eta is the frequency change rate boundary, and the wind power penetration power limit alpha containing frequency change rate constraint can be obtained2；
And 8: taking the smaller value of the penetration power limit under the constraint of the steady-state frequency deviation and the constraint of the frequency change rate boundary as the penetration power limit of the power system under the constraint of the frequency index, and obtaining the wind power penetration power limit alpha of the wind power virtual inertia response and the primary frequency modulation response by combining the formulas (10) and (11):
α＝min(α1,α2) (12)
according to the embodiment, the accuracy of the wind power penetration power limit analysis calculation result of virtual inertia and primary frequency modulation response is verified and calculated through a simulation calculation example, and the accuracy and the K of the wind power penetration power limit analysis calculation result are differentpf、KdfInfluence on wind power penetration power limit.
As shown in fig. 2, in a Matlab/simulink environment, a simulation system is established, two areas in the system are connected through two connecting lines, an area 1 is provided with a hydroelectric generating set G2, a wind farm and transformer T1 and a transformer T2, an area 2 is provided with a thermal generating set G3, a thermal generating set G4, a transformer T3 and a transformer T4, loads L1, L2, C1 and C2 are respectively connected to two area interface buses, the load L3 is used as a disturbance load, and a frequency accident of power shortage of the simulation system is simulated through connection and disconnection of the L3. Verifying the accuracy of the wind power penetration power limit analysis calculation result of the virtual inertia/primary frequency modulation response in the step 8 (12) and different K for the wind turbine generator of the wind power plant in the figure 2 based on the wind power virtual inertia response and the primary frequency modulation responsepf、KdfInfluence on wind power penetration power limit.
The simulation parameters are as follows:
with the capacity of 100MVA and the voltage of 230kV as references, the parameters of the doubly-fed wind turbine are as follows: rated voltage Vn575V, rated power Pn1.5MW, stator resistance Rs0.023pu, stator inductance Ls0.18pu, rotor resistance Rr0.016pu, rotor inductance Lr0.16pu, excitation inductance Lm2.9pu, intrinsic time constant of inertia HDFIG5.29s, speed controller integral coefficient Ki0.6. Rated angular velocity omeganom157.08rad/s rated wind speed VwNThe current transformer time constant τ is 11.7m/s and 0.02 s.
With the capacity of 100MVA and the voltage of 230kV as references, parameters of a hydroelectric generating set G2, a thermal power generating set G3 and a thermal power generating set G4 are as follows: rated capacity Sn900MVA, rated voltage Un20kV, d-axis inductance Xd1.8pu, q-axis inductance Xq＝1.7pu，Xa0.2pu, d-axis transient inductance Xd' -0.3 pu, q-axis transient inductance Xq' -0.55 pu, d-axis sub-transient inductance XdQ-axis sub-transient inductance X of 0.25puq″＝0.25pu，Ra0.0025pu, d-axis transient time Td0' -8.0 s, q-axis transient time Tq0' -0.4 s, d-axis sub-transient time Td00.03s, q-axis sub-transient time Tq0And the inertia time constant H of the hydroelectric generating set G2 is 6.5s, and the inertia time constant H of the thermal power generating set G3 and the thermal power generating set G4 is 6.175 s.
Parameters of a transformer T1, a transformer T2, a transformer T3 and a transformer T4 are as follows by taking the capacity of 100MVA and the voltage of 230kV as references: rated capacity Sn900MVA, voltage transformation ratio Un1/Un220Kv/230Kv, impedance Rt+jXt＝0+j0.15pu。
With the capacity of 100MVA and the voltage of 230kV as references, the parameters of the power transmission line are as follows: resistance RL0.0001pu/km, inductance XL0.001pu/km, conductance BC＝0.00175pu/km。
Load data with a capacity of 100MVA and a voltage of 230kV as references: l1 active power PL1800MW, L1 reactive power QL1100MVAR, C1 reactive power QC1187MVAR, C2 reactive power QC2Active power P of-200 MVAR, L2L2800MW, L2 reactive power QL2100MVAR, additional load active power PL3＝160MW。
In the verification process, the simulation project comprises the following steps: (a) initial wind speed Vw＝10m/s，KdfSet different K as 0pfUnder different primary frequency modulation response effects, wind power penetration power limit is calculated through the step 8 (12), wind power grid-connected capacity is set according to the calculation result, and steady state deviation and frequency change rate are verified to be close to the specified steady state frequency deviation constraint value and frequency change rate constraint value in reverse through frequency response simulation under power shortage; (b) initial wind speed Vw10m/s, different K is setdfUnder different wind power virtual inertia response effects, wind power penetration power is calculated through step 8 formula (12)And (4) limiting. The subsequent process is the same as the simulation item (a); (c) setting the initial wind speed Vw10m/s, different K is setpfAnd KdfReflecting the effect of the common coupling effect of different wind power virtual inertias and primary frequency modulation responses, and verifying according to the simulation project process in the step (a). Referring to the national standard and the specification of the European Entso-e technology, the steady-state frequency deviation delta is set to be +/-0.2 Hz, and the frequency change rate boundary value eta is set to be +/-0.005 Hz/s.
As shown in FIG. 3, K is obtaineddf＝0，KpfThe frequency response values were compared between the frequency deviation curves at 0, 1, and 2 times, and table 1 shows 4 cases. According to the simulation result, it can be found that: 1) comparing case 1 → case 3, the grid steady state frequency deviation is very close to the specified | δ | ═ 0.2Hz and is limited within this constraint boundary. Therefore, the correctness of the calculation method of the wind power penetration power limit containing the wind power primary frequency modulation response is shown under the constraint of the frequency index; 2) from case 1 → case 3, the larger the primary frequency modulation droop control gain, the higher the wind power penetration limit, KpfFrom 0 → 2 times, the wind power penetration limit increase ratio is about 2%, and at the same time, the steady-state frequency deviation is still limited to be close to the constraint boundary value. This shows that the wind power primary frequency modulation effect strength has obvious influence on wind power penetration power limit, and if the wind power primary frequency modulation effect (K) is not consideredpf0) the result is slightly conservative, and the grid-connected scale of wind power is limited; 3) comparing the case 3 with the case 4, the primary frequency modulation control is applied to the wind turbine generator set in the power grid by the two cases, and the power grid operation conditions are the same. However, case 3 calculates α according to equation (12) of step 8, while case 4 does not account for wind primary modulation in calculating α, such that two different penetration power limits are calculated, 22.57% and 20.55%, respectively, with a 2% difference. Therefore, in an actual power system applying wind power primary frequency modulation auxiliary control, if a primary frequency modulation active response model is not included in a frequency response calculation model, the calculated alpha value is remarkably smaller (deviates from a true value), and tends to be conservative in guiding wind power planning construction.
TABLE 1 different K at sudden load increasepfFrequency response index comparison of
Figure GDA0002898834700000101
As shown in FIG. 4, K is obtainedpf＝0，KdfThe frequency response values were compared in accordance with the simulation procedure of fig. 4 for the frequency change rate curves at 0, 1, and 2 times, and table 2 lists 4 cases, as shown in table 2. According to the simulation result, it can be found that: 1) from case 1 → case 3, the frequency rate of change is very close to the prescribed | η | ═ 0.005Hz/s, and is limited within the constraint boundary. Therefore, the correctness of the calculation method of the wind power penetration power limit containing the wind power virtual inertia response is shown under the constraint of the frequency index; 2) comparing case 1 → case 3, the wind power penetration limit increase ratio is about 3%. This shows that the wind power virtual inertia response effect strength has a significant influence on the wind power penetration power limit, namely with KdfThe larger the wind power penetration limit of the system is; 3) comparing case 3 and case 4, similar to the simulation project (a), the penetration power limits were calculated to be 22.84% and 20.13%, respectively, for the two cases, with a difference of about 2.5%. Therefore, in an actual power system applying wind power virtual inertia control, if the frequency response calculation model does not include the Δ H increment reflecting the wind power virtual inertia response, the calculated α value is significantly smaller (deviates from the true value), and tends to be conservative in guiding wind power planning construction.
TABLE 2 different K at sudden load increasedfComparison results of
Figure GDA0002898834700000102
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, K is set at the time of sudden load increase pf1 different KdfThe simulation of the system frequency deviation response and the system frequency change rate response under coupling compares various frequency response indexes, as shown in table 3, 4 cases are listed in table 3. According to the simulation result, the following results are obtained: 1) from case 1 → case 3, the frequency rate of change maximum, steady state frequency deviation is very close to the specified | δ | 0.2Hz, | η | 0.005Hz/s, and are all limited to thatWithin the constraint boundaries. Therefore, the calculated wind power penetration power limit alpha is more accurate under the constraint of frequency indexes; 2) comparing the situation 1 → the situation 3 in the tables 1,2 and 3, it can be obtained that the wind power penetration power limit under the coupling action of inertia and primary frequency modulation is comprehensively considered to be improved compared with the wind power penetration power limit under the control of only one frequency modulation; 3) comparing case 3 and case 4, similar to the simulation project (a), the penetration power limits were calculated to be 23.83% and 21.24%, respectively, with a 2.6% difference between the two cases. Therefore, if the wind power virtual inertia control and the primary frequency modulation control function are not taken into account in the wind power penetration power limit calculation model, the calculated alpha value is smaller (deviates from the true value).
TABLE 3 sudden load KpfAnd KdfComparison results under coupling
Figure GDA0002898834700000111

Claims (9)

1. A wind power penetration power limit calculation method considering frequency constraint and wind power frequency modulation is characterized by comprising the following steps of,
step 1: respectively carrying out parameter equivalence calculation on a wind turbine generator group, a thermal power turbine generator group and a hydroelectric generator group by adopting a weighted dynamic equivalence parameter aggregation method, and solving a parameter K of an equivalent turbine generator groupG；
Step 2: calculating the equivalent inertia time constant H of the system under different wind power permeabilities by considering the coupling effect of the wind power virtual inertia response∑；
And step 3: according to the dynamic response model transfer function h of the primary frequency modulation control system of the rotating speed of a single wind turbine generatorwt(s) calculating and solving a transfer function h of a dynamic response model of the wind power plant based on the primary frequency modulation control system of the rotating speed by adopting a weighted dynamic equivalent parameter aggregation methodmWF(s) active power increment delta P of primary wind power frequency modulationmWF(s)；
And 4, step 4: establishing equivalent model h of steam turbine-speed regulatormT(s) and hydraulic turbine-governor equivalent model hmH(s) characterizing the regulating action of the conventional unit;
and 5: taking into account the load damping effect, establishing a load containing H∑And hmWF(s) describing a power system frequency response characteristic by using a power grid frequency response model of an equivalent rotor swing equation of the power system;
step 6: the wind power penetration power limit alpha is solved by taking the frequency steady state deviation boundary of the power system as a constraint1；
And 7: the wind power penetration power limit alpha is solved by taking the frequency change rate boundary of the power system as a constraint2；
And 8: comparing wind power penetration power limit alpha1Wind power penetration limit α2Taking alpha1And alpha2And the smaller value is used as the wind power penetration power limit of the power grid.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the set group includes N sets G ═ 1,2 … j … N, and assuming that the angular velocities of the rotors in the same set are the same as ω, the parameters of the equivalent sets are:
Figure FDA0002999895830000011
the subscript j represents the jth unit in the cluster and is a thermal power unit, a hydroelectric power unit or a wind power unit; sj、KjThe capacity of the unit and the equivalent inertia time constant of the unit are respectively.
3. The method for calculating wind power penetration limit considering frequency constraint and wind power frequency modulation according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2, the power plants in the system are set to comprise a wind power plant containing virtual inertia control and a conventional power plant, the number of wind power plant clusters is a, the number of conventional power plant clusters is b, and the number of conventional power plant clusters is set to be a
Figure FDA0002999895830000012
System equivalent inertia time constant H∑Can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002999895830000021
wherein HeqWFi、SeqWFiRespectively an equivalent inertia time constant, a rated capacity, H, of a wind power plant containing virtual inertia controlCONi、SCONiRespectively is the inertia time constant, rated capacity, K of the conventional power plantdfGain is controlled for virtual inertia of a fan in the wind power plant; h0And the inertia of the conventional unit is represented, and the delta H represents the inertia of the wind power virtual inertia response.
4. The wind power penetration limit calculation method considering frequency constraint and wind power frequency modulation according to claim 2, wherein in step 3, a dynamic response model transfer function h of a primary frequency modulation control system of a single wind turbine generator setwt(s) is:
Figure FDA0002999895830000022
wherein b is0，a0，a1，a2，a3Is a transfer function hwtCoefficient of(s), KpfControlling a gain for droop; by adopting the aggregation equivalence method of the formula (1), the wind power plant is based on the transfer function h of the dynamic response model of the primary frequency modulation control system of the rotating speedmWF(s) is:
Figure FDA0002999895830000023
wherein b is0G，a0G，a1G，a2G，a3GAre respectively a transfer function hmWFEach equivalent parameter of(s) is
Figure FDA0002999895830000024
Thus obtaining Δ ωsAnd Δ PmWFThe relationship of (1):
Figure FDA0002999895830000025
5. the wind power penetration limit calculation method considering frequency constraints and wind power frequency modulation according to claim 2, wherein in step 4, the mechanical power increment of the equivalent turbine-governor is:
Figure FDA0002999895830000026
the mechanical power increment of an equivalent hydro-turbine-governor can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002999895830000027
wherein R isTG、RHG、TRHG、FHPG、TwGAnd the equivalent aggregation parameters are respectively a turbine difference adjusting coefficient, a reheater time constant, a high-pressure turbine stage power ratio and a water hammer effect coefficient.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step 5, a single generator set j is rated at a rated capacity SjAs reference capacity, aggregated equivalent machine capacity SGThe equivalent rotor roll equation for the reference capacity is:
Figure FDA0002999895830000031
wherein Hj、Dj、PmjAnd PejRespectively the inertia time constant, the damping coefficient, the prime motor power and the electromagnetic power of the motor j, and the parameter values are respectively the rated capacity S of the motor jjIs a per unit value of the base value; omega is the angular speed of the rotor of the unit;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) dividing the units in the system into two types, namely a conventional unit and a wind turbine unit containing wind power virtual inertia control; considering the load damping effect and the wind power penetration power limit alpha, a power grid frequency response model containing wind power virtual inertia and wind power primary frequency modulation response action is as follows:
Figure FDA0002999895830000032
wherein Δ PLIs the system power shortage, Δ PmWF、ΔPmT、ΔPmHRespectively representing the active increment of a conventional wind turbine generator, the active increment of a thermal power generating unit and the active increment of a hydroelectric generating unit after disturbance, wherein D is a system equivalent load damping coefficient; h0And the inertia of the conventional unit is represented, and the delta H represents the inertia of the wind power virtual inertia response.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein in step 6, when the power system is in steady state operation, d Δ ω/dt is 0, and Δ ω(s) is 0 corresponding to the frequency domain result, which is obtained by combining equation (9):
Figure FDA0002999895830000033
wherein, delta is a steady-state frequency deviation boundary, and the wind power penetration power limit alpha containing the steady-state frequency deviation constraint is reversely solved1。
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in step 7, in the initial stage of power shortage generation and frequency disturbance, the frequency deviation is small, Δ ω is approximately 0, and the method can be obtained by combining equation (9):
Figure FDA0002999895830000034
wherein eta is a frequency change rate boundary to obtain a wind power penetration power limit alpha containing frequency change rate constraint2；H0Representing the inertia of a conventional unit.
9. The method for calculating the wind power penetration power limit considering the frequency constraint and the wind power frequency modulation according to claim 8, wherein in step 8, the wind power penetration power limit α of the wind power virtual inertia response and the primary frequency modulation response can be obtained by combining equations (10) and (11):
α＝min(α1,α2) (12)。
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