CN108830033B - A kind of estuary ecological water demand calculation method considering the net productivity of the ecosystem - Google Patents
A kind of estuary ecological water demand calculation method considering the net productivity of the ecosystem Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to environmental protection technical fields; more particularly to a kind of estuary ecological water demand calculation method for considering estuarine ecosystems whole machine balancing; include the following steps: three index values that river mouth metabolism 1) is calculated using open water body dissolved oxygen curve method, i.e., daily net productivity, daily breathing and daily primary productivity；2) net productivity is established to the response relation model of fresh water from river mouth input quantity and water temperature, simulates the response relation that net productivity changes flow and water temperature；3) estuary ecological water demand amount is calculated based on response relation model and estuarine ecosystems health standards.Functional attributes net productivity of the present invention in view of reflection estuarine ecosystems integral status; practical technical support can be provided for estuary ecological environmental protection and reparation; with significant specific aim; and this method is succinctly easily realized; avoid cumbersome amount of calculation; it is practical suitable for China's estuary ecological water demand quantitative analysis.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection technical field more particularly to a kind of river mouths for considering estuarine ecosystems whole machine balancing
Water demand for natural service calculation method solves the problems, such as quantitatively to calculate estuary ecological water demand from ecosystem angle.
Background technique
Estuarine ecosystems are in land-sea and cross area, have light salt brine mixing and the unique environment such as nutrient enrichment special
It seeks peace the important Ecosystem Service such as flood and biometric safeguard diversity of regulating and storing.Meanwhile river mouth is also that world population is most thick
One of close and most active area of economic activity, social service function is significant.However in recent years, since freshwater input amount persistently subtracts
It is few, China majority river mouth and be faced with impaired ecosystem service function, the atrophy of estuarine wetland area, bio-diversity reduce etc.
Series of problems.Ecological degenerative problem caused by production, life and water demand for natural service contradiction is very prominent, seriously constrains region society
The economic sustainable development of meeting.Therefore, it quantitatively calculates estuarine ecosystems water requirement and has become protection estuarine ecosystems health
And the emphasis paid close attention in water management.
Water demand for natural service research respectively from hydrology, hydraulics, habitat simulation and the different angles analysis such as global analysis river,
The characteristics of lake ecological water need rule (Tharme, 2003), estuarine ecosystems are by runoff and trend collective effect, cause river
Stream, lake Freshwater ecosystems need water calculation method and law of needing the water to be difficult to directly apply to estuarine ecosystems.Existing river
Mouth water demand for natural service technology can need water object table to consider from comprehensive various aspects, and such as application No. is CN200910169799.6, titles
For the patent of invention of method for calculating multiple-target integration estuary ecological water demand, become a mandarin function difference according to fresh water from river mouth, river mouth is raw
State needs water to be divided into consumption-type water requirement and on-consumable type water requirement two types, proposes that calculating consumption-type with additive property principle needs
Water, calculating on-consumable type with maximum principle needs water, provides a kind of estuary ecological water demand calculating side that comprehensive multiple target requires
Method, but due to lacking the branch that ecological process studies freshwater input process response relation under the conditions of different ecological element interacts
It holds, the synthesis that multiple-target integration analysis method is difficult to meet different ecological element needs water requirement or is difficult to for ecological water supplement process
The deficiency that the science of offer is supported gradually embodies.
Currently, in estuary ecological water demand analysis, the ecosystem to the correlation analysis of freshwater input mostly from structural index or
Response relation unfolding calculation corresponding water requirement of the canonical biometric to hydrographic features.Such as application No. is CN200910170101.2,
The patent of invention of the entitled estuary ecological water demand calculation method based on habitat simulation, it is inhabited by establishing river mouth canonical biometric
Quantitative relationship between the salinity spatial and temporal distributions and flow on ground, determines river according to the hydrology, hydraulics needed for indicator species
Flow, it is therefore an objective to provide a suitable physics habitat for aquatile, consider the protection of river biological species emphatically, however examine
Consider certain bioprocess and only consider that structural index crosses the difference of range request to ecological conditions, it tends to be difficult to guarantee ecosystem
System whole machine balancing.
Net main indicator one of of the productivity as ecosystem metabolism can be well reflected ecosystem entirety
Equilibrium condition.The difference that net productivity is characterized as ecosystem Primary Production and always breathes, when net productivity is timing, photosynthetic work
Rate is greater than Oxygen consumption rates, which is the autotrophic type ecosystem；When net productivity is negative, respiration
Rate is greater than photosynthesis rate, which is the heterotroph ecosystem.The autotrophic type ecosystem is by extraneous inorganic
The metabolism of the ecosystem is maintained based on the input synthesis of organic substance of salt, and stores or export outward organic matter.Heterotrophism
The type ecosystem maintains metabolism absorbed based on ready-made organic matter from external environment, exports inorganic salts outward.Institute
With net productivity has the function of reflecting ecosystem whole machine balancing, such as the balance of autotrophy process and heterotrophism process, organic matter
The balance of absorption and the release of the balance, nutritive salt that produce and mineralize, and then may determine that the autotrophy heterotrophism situation of water body, refer to
Show the Yuan Hehui of organic matter and nutritive salt.In addition, net productivity is also to estimate the important indicator of water body dissolved oxygen damage.
Estuary ecological water demand analytical technology calculates corresponding water requirement mainly for specific ecological protection target at present, calculates
Method there are problems that being difficult to ensure ecosystem whole machine balancing, accordingly cause current estuary ecological water demand calculated result that will be difficult to
Ensure the requirement of estuarine ecosystems holistic health.Accordingly, it is considered to which the net productivity of the index for characterizing ecosystem function, forms dimension
What shield estuarine ecosystems holistic health required needs water calculation method to have significant Practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aiming at the problem that current estuary ecological water demand calculation method is difficult to reflect ecosystem whole machine balancing situation,
A kind of estuary ecological water demand calculation method for considering the net productivity of the ecosystem is provided, in clearly net productivity to freshwater input
Change on the basis of response relation, quantitative analysis estuarine ecosystems integrally need water requirement, for estuary ecological environmental protection and repair
Key technology is provided again to support, solves the problems, such as that the angle from guarantee ecosystem health quantitatively calculates estuary ecological water demand.
To achieve the above object, concrete scheme of the invention is as follows:
A kind of estuary ecological water demand calculation method considering the net productivity of the ecosystem, includes the following steps:
1) three index values of river mouth metabolism are calculated using open water body dissolved oxygen curve method, i.e., daily net productivity,
Daily breathing and daily primary productivity；
2) net productivity is established to the response relation model of fresh water from river mouth input quantity and water temperature, simulates net productivity to flow
With the response relation of water temperature variation；
3) estuary ecological water demand amount is calculated based on response relation model and estuarine ecosystems health standards.
Further, the calculation formula of daily net productivity is as follows in the step 1): NEP (dt)=(dC/dt) Z-
KD=[(Ct-Ct-1)/dt]·Z-K[1-(St+St-1)/200] (1)
NEP (dt) is that into t moment aquatic ecosystem, the dissolved oxygen concentration as caused by bioprocess changes from t-1 in formula,
DC/dt is dissolved oxygen concentration variation of the t-1 into t moment aquatic ecosystem, and Z is the monitoring depth of water, and KD is water-vapor interface atmosphere
Reoxygenation amount, wherein K is the coefficient of atmospheric restoration, and D is saturated dissolved oxygen deficit, Ct、Ct-1Respectively refer to the reality of t, t-1 moment dissolved oxygen
Border measured value, St、St-1T, t-1 moment Dissolved Oxygen in Water percentage of saturation value are respectively referred to, is drawn from t-1 to t moment by bioprocess
The accumulated value that the dissolved oxygen concentration risen changed in 24 hours is daily NEP；
The calculating of river mouth the coefficient of atmospheric restoration can take empirical equation, i.e.,
K=0.56e0.15x (2)
K (gO in formula2m-2h-1) it is the coefficient of atmospheric restoration；x(ms-1) be 10m at height wind speed.
Further, the calculation formula breathed daily in the step 1) is as follows:
ER=(Rn/hn)×24 (3)
Wherein, night respiration RnFor the adduction accumulated value of night dissolved oxygen concentration variation, hnFor night hourage.
Further, the daily primary productivity in the step 1) is the sum of daily breathing and daily net productivity,
Calculation formula is as follows:
GPP=NEP+ER (4)
Further, the step 2) establishes estuarine ecosystems net productivity daily specifically by linear regression analysis
To the response relation model of average daily freshwater input amount and water temperature:
NEP=alpha+beta Q+ γ T (5)
Wherein, α is constant, and β, γ are equation coefficient；Q is flow, unit m3s-1, T is water temperature, and unit is DEG C.
Further, the step 3) specifically includes:
A. the selection of estuarine ecosystems health standards
When GPP is in 0.8~4.0gO2m-2d-1Between, ER is in 1.5~5.5gO2m-2d-1Between when, estuarine ecosystems are strong
Health state is preferable；When GPP is less than 0.8 or in 4.0~8.0gO2m-2d-1Between, ER is in 0.7~1.5 or 5.5~10.0gO2m-2d-1Between when, estuarine ecosystems health status is satisfied in the main；When GPP is greater than 8.0gO2m-2d-1, ER is less than 0.7gO2m-2d-1Or
Greater than 10.0gO2m-2d-1When, estuarine ecosystems health status is poor；
B. the corresponding water demand for natural service process of estuarine ecosystems difference health status calculates
According to the range of the corresponding GPP and ER of three kinds of health status of the ecosystem, corresponding NEP range is calculated separately out；
Changed according to river mouth many years monthly average water temperature, the NEP range of different ecological Health Category, in conjunction with NEP to daily average water discharge and water temperature
Response relation model, calculate changes in flow rate range of the river mouth under different month difference Health Categories, as estuary ecological
The corresponding water demand for natural service process of system difference health status.
Further, the fresh water from river mouth input quantity in the step 2) is flow.
Further, refer to from same day 8:00am to next day 8:00am within described 24 hours.
Further, the monitoring depth of water Z is 1m.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) only consider that specific ecological protection target calculates corresponding water requirement compared to the prior art, the present invention considers
The net productivity of functional attributes for reflecting estuarine ecosystems integral status, can provide and cut for estuary ecological environmental protection and reparation
Real technical support has significant specific aim.
(2) present invention is on the basis of clearly net productivity is to freshwater input variation and water temperature response relation, quantitative analysis
Estuarine ecosystems integrally need water requirement, solve from the angle of guarantee ecosystem health and quantitatively calculate estuary ecological water demand
Problem.
(3) present invention clearly proposes characterization river mouth function, and the ecology of reflection estuarine ecosystems whole machine balancing situation needs
Water calculation method, this method are succinctly easily realized, cumbersome amount of calculation is avoided, and are quantitatively divided suitable for China's estuary ecological water demand
Analysis, it is practical.
(4) present invention, can be fixed according to limited field monitoring data while clear estuarine ecosystems metabolism
Amount calculates estuary ecological water demand amount, provides key technology for estuary ecological environmental protection and reparation and supports.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of estuary ecological water demand calculation method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is oxygen variation and metabolic processes figure in aquatic ecosystem.
Fig. 3 is the changes in flow rate figure month by month under river mouth difference Health Category.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, but embodiments of the present invention
It is unlimited such.
As shown in Figure 1, estuary ecological water demand calculating process is divided into three steps.It is calculated first using open water body oxygen dissolution method
Three index values of river mouth metabolism, the net productivity of the ecosystem, Primary Production and breathing；Next establishes net productivity to river
The response relation model of mouth freshwater input amount (flow), simulates net productivity to the response relation of streamflow change；Finally based on sound
Relational model and estuarine ecosystems health standards is answered to calculate estuary ecological water demand amount.It is specifically described as follows:
(1) the net productivity of the ecosystem, breathing and the calculating of Primary Production
U.S. ecologist Odum (1956) proposes that open water body is changed using dissolved oxygen round the clock to estimate that it is new old earliest
Metabolic rate, due to popularizing for online dissolved oxygen monitoring technology, nowadays this method is that researchers are widely used.Generally, water
The variation of body dissolved oxygen is influenced by biological effect and physical and chemical processes, and biological effect includes: photosynthesis and respiration, reason
Change process is such as: air reaeration, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and deposit oxygen consumption process.The generation and consumption of estuarine ecosystems dissolved oxygen
Balance mainly considers three processes: 1. producing oxygen process: the light of autotroph (green plants and photosynthetic bacteria) in aquatic ecosystem
Cooperation production oxygen.2. oxygen process: autotroph and heterotrophic organism respiration oxygen consumption round the clock；3. air reaeration process: aqueous vapor
The oxygen exchange at interface brings the variation of Dissolved Oxygen in Water.Fig. 2 characterizes the main process that oxygen changes in aquatic ecosystem,
Such as biochemical aerobic, the deposit oxygen consumption process of his process does not consider temporarily.
As typical open water body system, net productivity, breathing and the calculating of Primary Production are estuarine ecosystems
Open water body dissolved oxygen curve method is taken, is mainly comprised the steps that
A, the calculating of daily net productivity (Net ecosystem production, NEP)
Estuary dissolved oxygen content round the clock is monitored on the spot, is calculated net productivity using open water body dissolved oxygen curve method and is seen formula
(1), daily net productivity (gO2m-2d-1) refer to the variation of the dissolved oxygen concentration as caused by bioprocess in for 24 hours.Caused by bioprocess
The actual change that dissolved oxygen variation is equal to dissolved oxygen concentration subtracts air reaeration amount, has
NEP (dt)=(dC/dt) Z-KD=[(Ct-Ct-1)/dt]·Z-K[1-(St+St-1)/200] (1)
NEP (dt) is that into t moment aquatic ecosystem, the dissolved oxygen concentration as caused by bioprocess changes from t-1 in formula,
dC/dt(gO2m-2) it is dissolved oxygen concentration variation of the t-1 into t moment aquatic ecosystem, Z is the monitoring depth of water (usually taking 1m)；KD
For water-vapor interface air reaeration amount, wherein K is the coefficient of atmospheric restoration, and D is saturated dissolved oxygen deficit；Ct、Ct-1(gO2m-2)
Respectively refer to the actual measured value of t, t-1 moment dissolved oxygen；St、St-1Respectively refer to t, t-1 moment Dissolved Oxygen in Water percentage of saturation value
(%).From t-1 to t moment the dissolved oxygen concentration as caused by bioprocess variation in 24 hours (from 8:00am to next day 8:
Accumulated value 00am) is daily NEP.
The calculating of river mouth the coefficient of atmospheric restoration can take empirical equation
K=0.56e0.15x (2)
K (gO in formula2m-2h-1) it is the coefficient of atmospheric restoration；x(ms-1) be 10m at height wind speed.
B, the calculating of breathing (Ecosystem respiration, ER) daily
At night, since photosynthesis stops, the variation of aquatic ecosystem dissolved oxygen be mainly respiration oxygen consumption and other
The oxygen variation that effect generates, thus the respiratory rate of aquatic ecosystem can be calculated by the variation of the dissolved oxygen at night.First
The variation of night t-1 to t moment dissolved oxygen concentration is found out by (1) formula, it is night respiration R that night, which sums it up accumulated value,n, calculate
Beginning and ending time and night the hourage h at monitoring night on the same day (no light, photosynthetically active radiation 0)n, it is assumed that respiratory rate round the clock
It is identical, then daily breathing are as follows:
ER=(Rn/hn)×24 (3)
C, the calculating of daily primary productivity (Gross primary production, GPP)
Daily primary productivity is the sum of daily breathing and daily net productivity:
GPP=NEP+ER (4)
(2) response relation model of the building net productivity in river mouth to freshwater input amount
Fresh water from river mouth input quantity and water temperature are often the important factor for influencing river mouth metabolism, and the present invention passes through gradually line
Estuarine ecosystems response of the net productivity to average daily freshwater input amount (flow) and average daily water temperature daily is established in property regression analysis
Relational model:
NEP=alpha+beta Q+ γ T (5)
Wherein, α is constant, and β, γ are equation coefficient；Q is flow, unit m3s-1, T is water temperature, and unit is DEG C.
Equation coefficient β, γ obtained by gradually linear regression, need to reach the level of signifiance (p < 0.05), if being unable to reach significant water
Flat, then this method is not suitable for the river mouth.
(3) estuary ecological water demand is calculated based on response relation model and estuarine ecosystems health standards
The part specifically includes that the selection of estuarine ecosystems health standards, based on Different ecosystems Health Category and
Net productivity calculates river mouth in the corresponding average daily stream of Various Seasonal different brackets to the response relation model of daily average water discharge and water temperature
Range is measured, needs the corresponding range of water grade further according to different ecological in different daily average water discharge range computation years.
A, the selection of estuarine ecosystems health standards
Estuarine ecosystems health standards are as shown in table 1.When GPP is in 0.8~4.0gO2m-2d-1Between, ER 1.5~
5.5gO2m-2d-1Between when, estuarine ecosystems health status is preferable；When GPP is less than 0.8 or in 4.0~8.0gO2m-2d-1It
Between, ER is in 0.7~1.5 or 5.5~10.0gO2m-2d-1Between when, estuarine ecosystems health status is satisfied in the main；When GPP is big
In 8.0g gO2m-2d-1, ER is less than 0.7gO2m-2d-1Or it is greater than 10.0gO2m-2d-1When, estuarine ecosystems health status is poor.
1 estuarine ecosystems difference health status grade classification of table
B, the corresponding water demand for natural service process of estuarine ecosystems difference health status calculates
According to the range of the corresponding GPP and ER of three kinds of health status of the ecosystem, corresponding NEP range is calculated separately out.
Changed according to river mouth many years monthly average water temperature, the NEP range of different ecological Health Category, in conjunction with NEP to daily average water discharge and water temperature
Response relation model, calculate changes in flow rate range of the river mouth under different month difference Health Categories, as estuary ecological
The corresponding water demand for natural service process of system difference health status.
Instance analysis
The river mouth for selecting northern area representative below is as instance analysis, and the present invention is further described.
(1) river mouth dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen percentage of saturation, average daily water temperature, local wind speed and photosynthetically active radiation are obtained
Consecutive variations data round the clock calculate river mouth day NEP using open water body dissolved oxygen curve method, obtain the corresponding average daily stream of monitoring station
Measure data.It is that representative carries out the monitoring such as dissolved oxygen and water temperature that monitoring station 1m water body, which can be chosen, from Hydrological Bureau, the Ministry of Water Resources " whole nation
The daily freshwater input amount data of monitoring station are collected in watermark protocol Information Network ", it can also be from former survey data, documents and materials etc.
Approach obtains related data.
(2) analyze to obtain river mouth NEP to the response relation model of flow and water temperature, such as equation using gradually linear regression
(6) shown in
NEP=2.3 ﹣ 4.5 × 10-3Q+0.24T (6)
R2=0.74, R adjusted2The standard error of=0.70, F=22.20, P=0.0002, parameter Estimation is respectively
0.100,0.000 and 0.000.NEP is net productivity (gO2m-2d-1), Q (m3s-1) it is daily average water discharge, T (DEG C) is water temperature.
(3) changed according to river mouth many years monthly average water temperature, the NEP range and NEP of different ecological Health Category are to flow
With the response relation model of water temperature, changes in flow rate range of the river mouth under different month difference Health Categories is calculated.Each month
River mouth health status is preferably, is satisfied in the main and poor corresponding range of flow is as shown in Figure 3.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention rather than protects to the present invention
The limitation of range is protected, although the invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should
Understand, it can be with modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention are made, without departing from the essence of technical solution of the present invention
And range.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of estuary ecological water demand calculation method for considering the net productivity of the ecosystem, which comprises the steps of:
1) three index values of estuarine ecosystems metabolism are calculated using open water body dissolved oxygen curve method, i.e., daily net production
Power (Net Ecosystem Production, NEP), daily breathing (Ecosystem Respiration, ER) and daily total first
Grade productivity (Gross Primary Production, GPP)；
2) the net productivity of the ecosystem is established to the response relation model of fresh water from river mouth input quantity and water temperature, simulates net productivity pair
The response relation of flow and water temperature；
3) estuary ecological water demand amount is calculated based on response relation model and estuarine ecosystems health standards；
The calculation formula of daily net productivity is as follows in the step 1):
NEP (dt)=(dC/dt) Z-KD=[(Ct-Ct-1)/dt]·Z-K[1-(St+St-1)/200] (1)
NEP (dt) is that into t moment aquatic ecosystem, the dissolved oxygen concentration as caused by bioprocess changes from t-1 in formula, dC/dt
The dissolved oxygen concentration for being t-1 into t moment aquatic ecosystem variation, Z are the monitoring depth of water, and KD is water-vapor interface air reaeration
Amount, wherein K is the coefficient of atmospheric restoration, and D is saturated dissolved oxygen deficit, Ct、Ct-1Respectively refer to the practical survey of t, t-1 moment dissolved oxygen
Magnitude, St、St-1T, t-1 moment Dissolved Oxygen in Water percentage of saturation value are respectively referred to, from t-1 to t moment as caused by bioprocess
Accumulated value of the dissolved oxygen concentration variation in 24 hours is daily NEP；
The calculating of river mouth the coefficient of atmospheric restoration can take empirical equation, i.e.,
K=0.56e0.15x (2)
K is the coefficient of atmospheric restoration, unit gO in formula2m-2h-1；X is the wind speed of height at 10m, unit ms-1；
The step 2) specifically by gradually linear regression analysis establish estuarine ecosystems daily net productivity to average daily light
The response relation model of water input quantity and water temperature:
NEP=alpha+beta Q+ γ T (5)
Wherein, α is constant, and β, γ are equation coefficient；Q is flow, unit m3s-1, T is water temperature, and unit is DEG C；
The step 3) specifically includes:
A. the selection of estuarine ecosystems health standards
When GPP is in 0.8~4.0g O2m-2d-1Between, ER is in 1.5~5.5g O2m-2d-1Between when, estuarine ecosystems health shape
State is preferable；When GPP is less than 0.8 or in 4.0~8.0g O2m-2d-1Between, ER is in 0.7~1.5 or 5.5~10.0g O2m-2d-1
Between when, estuarine ecosystems health status is satisfied in the main；When GPP is greater than 8.0g O2m-2d-1, ER is less than 0.7g O2m-2d-1Or
Greater than 10.0g O2m-2d-1When, estuarine ecosystems health status is poor；
B. the corresponding water demand for natural service process of estuarine ecosystems difference health status calculates
According to the range of the corresponding GPP and ER of three kinds of health status of the ecosystem, corresponding NEP range is calculated separately out；In conjunction with
NEP estimates corresponding daily average water discharge range under the river mouth difference general level of the health to the response relation model of daily average water discharge and water temperature；
Finally, true according to Time Change in the year of daily average water discharge range and river mouth Average Annual Runoff under different health status
Determine under NEP area requirement water demand for natural service process, the as corresponding ecology of estuarine ecosystems difference health status in corresponding year
Need water process.
2. a kind of estuary ecological water demand calculation method for considering the net productivity of the ecosystem according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the calculation formula that the ecosystem breathes daily in the step 1) is as follows:
ER=(Rn/hn)×24 (3)
Wherein, night respiration RnFor the adduction accumulated value of night dissolved oxygen concentration variation, hnFor night hourage.
3. a kind of estuary ecological water demand calculation method for considering the net productivity of the ecosystem according to claim 2, special
Sign is, the daily ecosystem gross primary productivity in the step 1) is the sum of daily breathing and daily net productivity,
Calculation formula is as follows:
GPP=NEP+ER (4).
4. according to claim 1 to a kind of estuary ecological water demand meter of the net productivity of consideration ecosystem described in 3 any one
Calculation method, which is characterized in that the fresh water from river mouth input quantity in the step 2) is flow.
5. a kind of estuary ecological water demand calculation method for considering the net productivity of the ecosystem according to claim 1, special
Sign is, refers to from same day 8:00am to next day 8:00am within described 24 hours.
6. a kind of estuary ecological water demand calculation method for considering the net productivity of the ecosystem according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the monitoring depth of water Z is 1m.
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