CN101645113A - Method for calculating multiple-target integration estuary ecological water demand - Google Patents
Method for calculating multiple-target integration estuary ecological water demand Download PDFInfo
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- CN101645113A CN101645113A CN200910169799A CN200910169799A CN101645113A CN 101645113 A CN101645113 A CN 101645113A CN 200910169799 A CN200910169799 A CN 200910169799A CN 200910169799 A CN200910169799 A CN 200910169799A CN 101645113 A CN101645113 A CN 101645113A
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Abstract
The invention provides a quantitative analysis method of estuary ecological water demand comprehensively considering multiple targets requirements, aiming at the deficiency that the current ecologicalwater demand calculation result can not ensure the general health of the estuary ecological system. According to characteristics of different estuary ecological water demand categories, the estuary ecological water demand is divided into two kinds, namely, consumable water demand and non-consumable water demand; the consumable water demand comprises consumable water demand of estuarial vegetationevapotranspiration and freshwater wetland water demand; the non-consumable water demand comprises water demand of water salt balance, sediment transport and nutritive salt transport. The invention provides a calculating method for estuary ecological water demand integrating multiple targets requirements, which uses an additive property rule to calculate the consumable water demand and uses a maximum rule to calculate the non-consumable water demand. The invention can provide realistic technical support for estuary ecological environment protection, and the calculating method is simple and easy in realization, can avoid fussy calculation amount, and is applicable to quantitative analysis of estuary ecology in our country.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection technical field, relate in particular to a kind of estuary ecological water demand computing method of considering the dissimilar water demand for natural service target of estuarine ecosystems composite request, solve problem from ecosystem angle quantitative Analysis estuary ecological water demand.
Background technology
Estuarine ecosystems have the environmental characteristic and the important Ecosystem Service such as flood and biometric safeguard diversity of regulating and storing of uniquenesses such as light salt brine mixing and nutrient enrichment.Meanwhile, about in the world 60% population is lived in the coastland, river mouth, and the river mouth has become one of the densest and most active area of economic activity of world population.Over nearly 30 years, the main basin of China all is faced with fresh water inbound traffics continuous decrease, serial problems such as most estuarine ecosystems service functions are impaired, water salt balance, water sapin weighing apparatus is broken, the atrophy of estuarine wetland area, bio-diversity reduction.The ecological degradation problem that production, life and water demand for natural service contradiction cause is very outstanding, has seriously restricted regional continuous development of society economy.Quantitative Analysis estuarine ecosystems water requirement becomes the important means of effective alleviation ecological environmental protection and social economy's sustainable development contradiction.
Because the otherness between the ecosystem-type 26S Proteasome Structure and Function, the water demand for natural service computing method are generally launched at river, lake land-based area ecosystem characteristics at present.Research method has comprised that the Tennant method is the hydrologic method of representative, and the wetted perimeter method is the hydraulic method of representative, and IFIM is the habitat simulation of representative and is the global approach (Tharme, 2003) of representative with BBM.Hydrologic method is for many years on the basis of hydrology data, to determine the method for river ecosystem water requirement in the river according to hydrology index analysis result.Wherein the Tennant method is by setting the water demand for natural service amount of the natural flow in a certain proportion of river as different brackets.Hydrologic method is mainly used in and is applicable to the initial estimate of water resources stage to the ecological water demand of rivers amount.Hydraulic method mainly from protection river aquatic life habitat hydraulics key element, by setting up the relation between flow and the river course hydraulic parameters, is determined the ecological water demand of rivers amount.The wetted perimeter method increases the growth change point that is shown by the analysis wetted perimeter with flow and determines river recommendation flow.The wetted perimeter method is applicable to wide shallow type and parabolic type river course, and requires bed form to stablize (Gippel et al., 1998).Quantitative relationship between key element such as the habitat simulation is biological by setting up, ecology and environment and flow, determine river discharge according to the required hydrology of indicator species, hydraulics, purpose is to provide a proper physical habitat (Scatena, 2004) for hydrobiont.The habitat simulation is considered the protection of river living species emphatically.Global approach is the earliest by South Africa and Australian scholar's joint study and set up (King et al., 2003).This method is according to the relation between expert opinion analysis-by-synthesis flow, silt transportation, bed form and the Riparian Zone group of different specialties, makes that the discharge of river of recommendation satisfies that biological protection, habitat are kept, the requirement of function need water such as sedimentation, pollution control and view maintenance.Under land runoff and the oceanic tide acting in conjunction, estuarine ecosystems have dynamic process complexity, the numerous characteristics of influence factor, and corresponding river, the lake Freshwater ecosystems of causing need water computing method and law of needing the water to be difficult to directly apply to estuarine ecosystems.Still fail both at home and abroad at present to propose corresponding water demand for natural service standard at the estuarine ecosystems characteristics.Over nearly 20 years, the estuary ecological water demand correlation technique mainly concentrates on the fresh water aspects such as control measures that become a mandarin, and pays close attention to and prevents that saline water intrusion and silt from transporting specific ecological protection targets such as balance (Ni Jinren etc., 2002).SFWMD (Southwest Florida Water management District) supposition upstream, river mouth water withdrawal is no more than under 10% situation, fresh water becomes a mandarin to reduce and can ignore Ecosystem System Influence, and determined estuary ecological water demand amount (Flannery, 2002) thus.The San Francisco Bay fresh water from river mouth becomes a mandarin and proposed salinity in the management is 2 isoline to the distance of the Gold Gate Bridge target component as research salinity space distribution, and then determine water demand for natural service (Kimmerer, 2002) according to the relation that serial historical summary is analyzed fresh water runoff and salinity space distribution.
The estuary ecological water demand analytical technology is primarily aimed at specific ecological protection target and calculates corresponding water requirement at present, and there is the deficiency that is difficult to the dissimilar ecological target composite requests of analysis-by-synthesis estuarine ecosystems in computing method.Correspondingly cause present estuary ecological water demand result of calculation will be difficult to ensure the requirement of estuarine ecosystems holistic health.Taking all factors into consideration dissimilar ecological protection targets needs the water requirement, forms and safeguards that the need water computing method of estuarine ecosystems holistic health requirement have significant Practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the current ecosystem needs the water computing method to be difficult to the deficiency that provides support for the estuary ecological water demand quantitative test under the multiple goal composite request; need the feature of water type according to the river mouth different ecological; a kind of method for calculating multiple-target integration estuary ecological water demand is provided; the quantitative test estuarine ecosystems are whole to need the water requirement, for estuary ecological environmental protection and reparation provide the gordian technique support.
The invention is characterized in according to the fresh water from river mouth function difference that becomes a mandarin, estuary ecological water demand is divided into two types of consumption-type water requirement and on-consumable type water requirements, proposition needs water with additive property principle calculation consumption type, calculate the on-consumable type with maximum principle and need water, the estuary ecological water demand computing method that provide a kind of comprehensive multiple goal to require.Wherein consumption-type needs water to comprise that river mouth vegetation evapotranspiration consumption needs water, fresh water wetland to need water; The on-consumable type needs water to comprise that water salt balance, silt transport, nutritive salt transports water requirement.
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that present dissimilar water demand for natural service computing method are difficult to effectively solve estuary ecological water demand quantitative Analysis under the multiple goal composite request, and compared with prior art the art of this patent has the following advantages:
1) with strong points, present dissimilar water demand for natural service computing method are primarily aimed at the ecosystem such as river, lake feature proposition in the basin.The correlative study method is difficult to directly apply in the estuary ecological water demand quantitative test.Patent of the present invention is taken all factors into consideration the distinctive water salt of estuarine ecosystems balance needs the water requirement, can be the estuary ecological environmental protection practical technical support is provided, and has significant specific aim.
2) practical, the present invention has clearly proposed the ecological water demand integration analysis technology under the river mouth multiple goal composite request, and computing method are succinct easily to be realized, avoids loaded down with trivial details amount of calculation, is applicable to China's estuary ecological water demand quantitative test.
Embodiment
According to the fresh water from river mouth different ecological service function that becomes a mandarin, estuary ecological water demand is divided into expendable and non-expendable two classes, wherein evapotranspiration needs water, fresh water wetland to need water to belong to the consumption-type water requirement, river mouth salinity balance, silt and nutrients transport water requirement and belong to on-consumable type water requirement, compatible between on-consumable type water requirement, common formation is gone into the seawater amount.Estuary ecological water demand year total amount W
aFor the river mouth consumption-type needs water and goes into the summation that the sea needs water.Calculate the estuary ecological water demand amount formula (1) as follows of taking all factors into consideration the different ecological target according to additive property and maximum principle:
Wherein, W
aBe estuary ecological water demand amount (m
3), MAX (a, the b) maximal value between expression expression variable a, b, W
iFor the river mouth consumption-type needs water (m
3), W
jFor the on-consumable type needs water (m
3), n and m represent to consume the type with the on-consumable water demand for natural service respectively.
The estuarine ecosystems evaporation consumes the calculating that needs water and considers that the water surface, vegetation evaporation consume the shortcoming part after deduction study area quantity of precipitation is replenished, and calculate formula as follows.
W
p＝(E
p-P)A
T (2)
In the formula, W
pFor consuming, the river mouth evaporation needs water; E
pBe area, river mouth evapotranspiration; P is area, a river mouth rainfall amount; A
TBe the estuary region area.
Wide and waters relatively placidity of fresh water from river mouth wetland makes it become important biology and migrates, survives the winter and multiply the habitat.Area, river mouth fresh water wetland needs water (W
h) calculate to keep fresh water wetland water surface area and depth of water parameter to be target, to calculate formula as follows.
W
h＝βγA
hH
h (3)
In the formula, β accounts for the number percent of wetland area for the wetland water surface area, with zones of different with the wetland type and different; A
hBe the wetland area; H
hBe the wetland mean depth; γ is a fresh water from river mouth wetland water body frequency of replacement, and γ=0 expression is calculated and only considered that fresh water from river mouth wetland evaporation consumption needs water, does not consider the wetland water body displacement.For generally by overflow stage amount of makeup water estuarine wetland γ=1 is arranged.
The estuarine ecosystems basic characteristics are the mixed of fresh water, salt solution.River mouth salinity balance needs water to emphasize to keep the fresh water input in river mouth, realizes the salinity balance that river mouth system one sets the goal.Adopt box model to set up the correlative connection of the discharge of river and river mouth salinity.Certain river mouth salinity target (S
e) under the salinity balance need water
In the formula, λ=(S
s-S
e)/S
s, off-lying sea salinity S wherein
sBe assumed to steady state value; V
eBe the outer beach of river mouth mouth water body volume.Determine that according to the difference of river mouth salinity target the salinity balance needs the grade of water.
Estuary sediment transports needs hydromining to calculate with basic sediment transport capacity notion, has
W
t＝Q
i/C
i (5)
In the formula, W
tFor transporting, silt needs water; Q
iBe silt year siltation volume; C
iBe sediment transport capacity, generally adopt the average saturated silt content of section to represent.
Example
Take all factors into consideration in the HUANGHE ESTUARY ecosystem evaporation and consume and need water, the biological habitat of fresh water wetland, water salinity balance and silt to transport to need the water requirement, it is as shown in table 1 to calculate different brackets estuary ecological water demand year total amount.
Table 1 different brackets estuary ecological water demand
Consider that the on-consumable type needs the compatibility between water, calculate the river mouth minimum, the suitable and annual water demand for natural service of desirable levels is respectively 134.22 * 10
8, 162.73 * 10
8With 274.88 * 10
8m
3
Estuary ecological water demand mainly guarantees by basin natural path flow, and table 2 has provided different brackets water demand for natural service year total amount and accounted for the ratio of natural path flow.
The ratio of annual total amount of table 2 estuary ecological water demand and natural path flow
Result of calculation shows that 23.7% natural path flow is the basic water requirement of protection estuarine ecosystems basic structure and function, and the basin produces, domestic water should not surpass 76.3% of natural path flow.Under the condition that guarantees estuary ecological water demand time variation targets in year, 48.5% natural path flow can guarantee the requirement of health type estuarine ecosystems to the water yield.
Claims (4)
1. a method for calculating multiple-target integration estuary ecological water demand the steps include:
1) clear and definite river mouth different ecological needs the water type;
2) integrate calculation consumption type water demand for natural service total amount according to the accumulated value principle, calculate on-consumable type water demand for natural service total amount, determine the estuary ecological water demand total amount according to method for calculating multiple-target integration estuary ecological water demand with maximum principle.
2. a kind of method for calculating multiple-target integration estuary ecological water demand according to claim 1, the dissimilar water demand for natural service in river mouth are divided into consumption-type needs water and on-consumable type to need two types in water, and wherein the consumption-type water requirement comprises that evapotranspiration consumption needs water and fresh water Wetland ecological to need water: the on-consumable type needs water to comprise that water salt balance, silt transport, nutritive salt transports water requirement.
3. river mouth according to claim 2 water salt balance water demand for natural service computing method, computing formula is as shown in the formula (1)
In the formula, S
eBe river mouth salinity target; λ=(S
s-S
e)/S
s, off-lying sea salinity S wherein
sBe assumed to steady state value; V
eBe the outer beach of river mouth mouth water body volume.
4. method for calculating multiple-target integration estuary ecological water demand according to claim 1, its computing formula is as shown in the formula (2)
Wherein, W
aBe the estuary ecological water demand amount, MAX (a, the b) maximal value between expression expression variable a, b, W
iFor the river mouth consumption-type needs water, W
jBe that the on-consumable type needs water, n and m represent to consume the type with the on-consumable water demand for natural service respectively.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101858065A (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2010-10-13 | 北京师范大学 | Method for estimating ecological water amount of shallow lake under pollution stress |
| CN105760665A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-07-13 | 南京工业大学 | Calculation method for ecological water requirement of affected plain area river network |
| CN105868548A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-08-17 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Flooded marsh plant ecological water demand calculation method based on in-situ evapotranspiration monitoring |
| CN106202911A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-12-07 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of river channel ecology flow recharge of ground water needs water computational methods |
| CN106777959A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 郑州大学 | Human disturbance defines computational methods without hydrological data River environment flow subregion |
| CN107784443A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-03-09 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of Wetland ecological stratification Water Requirement Analysis method |
| CN108830033A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-16 | 东莞理工学院 | A kind of estuary ecological water demand calculation method considering the net productivity of the ecosystem |
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2009
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101858065A (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2010-10-13 | 北京师范大学 | Method for estimating ecological water amount of shallow lake under pollution stress |
| CN105760665A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-07-13 | 南京工业大学 | Calculation method for ecological water requirement of affected plain area river network |
| CN105760665B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-03-02 | 南京工业大学 | One kind is disturbed region of no relief network of waterways water demand for natural service computational methods |
| CN105868548A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-08-17 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Flooded marsh plant ecological water demand calculation method based on in-situ evapotranspiration monitoring |
| CN106202911A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-12-07 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of river channel ecology flow recharge of ground water needs water computational methods |
| CN106202911B (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-11-09 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of river channel ecology flow recharge of ground water needs water computational methods |
| CN106777959A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 郑州大学 | Human disturbance defines computational methods without hydrological data River environment flow subregion |
| CN106777959B (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2019-02-01 | 郑州大学 | Human disturbance defines calculation method without hydrological data River environment flow subregion |
| CN107784443A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-03-09 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of Wetland ecological stratification Water Requirement Analysis method |
| CN108830033A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-16 | 东莞理工学院 | A kind of estuary ecological water demand calculation method considering the net productivity of the ecosystem |
| CN108830033B (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2019-09-13 | 东莞理工学院 | A kind of estuary ecological water demand calculation method considering the net productivity of the ecosystem |
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Open date: 20100210 |