CN108828752A - A kind of compound lens and spectrometer - Google Patents
A kind of compound lens and spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN108828752A CN108828752A CN201810602506.8A CN201810602506A CN108828752A CN 108828752 A CN108828752 A CN 108828752A CN 201810602506 A CN201810602506 A CN 201810602506A CN 108828752 A CN108828752 A CN 108828752A
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 32
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000700608 Sagitta Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0208—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0262—Constructional arrangements for removing stray light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/0015—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
- G02B13/002—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface
- G02B13/004—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface having four lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of compound lens and spectrometer, which includes：The first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens successively arranged；First lens, second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens are non-spherical lens；According to the direction for being directed toward the 4th lens from first lens, the face type of first lens two sides is respectively concave and convex, the face type of second lens two sides is respectively plane and convex, the face type of the third lens two sides is respectively convex and plane, and the face type of the 4th lens two sides is respectively convex and concave.The spectrometer includes：Grating and two above-mentioned compound lenses.The program is capable of increasing the visual field of spectrometer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical technical field, in particular to a kind of compound lens and spectrometer.
Background technique
Spectrometer is also known as spectroscope, is the scientific instrument that a kind of pair of polychromatic light is decomposed.It can be measured by spectrometer
The spectrum of light, and then ingredient included in object can be determined according to measured result, therefore spectrometer is answered extensively
For fields such as color measuring, chemical concentration measurement, radiometry analysis, film thickness measuring, gas composition analysis.Spectrometer
Main element include grating and two compound lenses, wherein a compound lens projects grating after collimating combining light
On, another compound lens converges in the light after grating dispersion in detection plane.Important member of the compound lens as spectrometer
Part, performance directly determine the performance of spectrometer.
Currently, the compound lens for being applied to spectrometer is usually composed of multiple spherical lenses, and by spherical lens group
The effect that compound lens made of conjunction eliminates aberration is weaker, therefore aberration is larger in the case where larger field, thus
Cause the visual field of spectrometer smaller.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of compound lens and spectrometers, are capable of increasing the visual field of spectrometer.
In a first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of compound lens, the first lens for successively arranging, the second lens,
The third lens and the 4th lens, wherein
First lens, second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens are non-spherical lens；
According to the direction for being directed toward the 4th lens from first lens, the face type of first lens two sides is respectively
Concave and convex, the face type of second lens two sides are respectively plane and convex, the face type point of the third lens two sides
Not Wei convex and plane, the face type of the 4th lens two sides is respectively convex and concave.
Optionally,
The face type of first lens two sides is identical as the face type of the 4th lens two sides respectively；
The face type of second lens two sides is identical as the face type of the third lens two sides respectively.
Optionally,
The thickness of first lens is identical as the thickness of the 4th lens, the thickness of second lens and described the
The thickness of three lens is identical；
The distance between first lens and the second lens opposite sides face center be equal to the third lens with
The distance between 4th lens opposite sides face center.
Optionally,
First lens, second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens material be glass.
Optionally,
The material of first lens and the 4th lens is the first moulded glass of same type, second lens
Material with the third lens is the second moulded glass of same type, and first moulded glass and described second is molded
The type of glass is different.
Optionally,
Curvature half on second lens and on the curved surface of the third lens opposite side, close to primary optical axis region
Diameter is greater than the radius of curvature far from primary optical axis region；
Curvature half in the third lens and on the curved surface of the second lens opposite side, close to primary optical axis region
Diameter is greater than the radius of curvature far from primary optical axis region.
Optionally,
It is saturating for each of first lens, second lens, the third lens and described 4th lens
Mirror, on the section by the axis of the lens, curve corresponding to the lens two sides is all satisfied following equation：
Wherein, the i characterizes variable, and the axis direction is along the axis of the lens by first lens direction institute
State the direction of the 4th lens；
When the i is equal to 1, the ziIt characterizes on first lens with second lens back to corresponding to side
Point on one curve is at a distance from first mid point of curve is on the axis direction, the riIt characterizes on first curve
Point at a distance from the midpoint of first curve is on perpendicular to the axis direction；
When the i is equal to 2, the ziIt characterizes on first lens with corresponding to the second lens opposite side
Point on two curves is at a distance from second mid point of curve is on the axis direction, the riIt characterizes on second curve
Point at a distance from the midpoint of second curve is on perpendicular to the axis direction；
When the i is equal to 3, the ziIt characterizes on second lens with corresponding to the third lens opposite side
Point on three curves is at a distance from the third mid point of curve is on the axis direction, the riIt characterizes on the third curve
Point at a distance from the midpoint of the third curve is on perpendicular to the axis direction；
When the i is equal to 4, the ziIt characterizes in the third lens with corresponding to the second lens opposite side
Point on four curves is at a distance from the 4th mid point of curve is on the axis direction, the riIt characterizes on the 4th curve
Point at a distance from the midpoint of the 4th curve is on perpendicular to the axis direction；
When the i is equal to 5, the ziIt characterizes on the 4th lens with corresponding to the third lens opposite side
Point on five curves is at a distance from the 5th mid point of curve is on the axis direction, the riIt characterizes on the 5th curve
Point at a distance from the midpoint of the 5th curve is on perpendicular to the axis direction；
When the i is equal to 6, the ziIt characterizes on the 4th lens with the third lens back to corresponding to side
Point on six curves is at a distance from the 6th mid point of curve is on the axis direction, the riIt characterizes on the 6th curve
Point at a distance from the midpoint of the 6th curve is on perpendicular to the axis direction.
Optionally,
When the i is equal to 1, ci=-1/8.382, ki=0, αi1=-0.013, αi2=-4.081 × 10-4, αi3=-
8.886×10-6, αi4=8.748 × 10-7, αi5=-4.471 × 10-8, αi6=1.874 × 10-9, αi7=-3.313 × 10-11,
αi8=1.905 × 10-13。
Optionally,
When the i is equal to 2, ci=-1/8.741, ki=0, αi1=-0.021, αi2=1.749 × 10-4, αi3=-
3.806×10-6, αi4=-2.975 × 10-8, αi5=8.241 × 10-9, αi6=-2.362 × 10-10, αi7=4.347 × 10-10,
αi8=-3.203 × 10-14。
Optionally,
When the i is equal to 3, ci=-1/25.758, ki=0, αi1=0.015, αi2=-5.744 × 10-4, αi3=
1.297×10-5, αi4=-3.179 × 10-7, αi5=5.823 × 10-9, αi6=-6.995 × 10-11, αi7=4.814 × 10-13,
αi8=-1.431 × 10-15。
Optionally,
When the i is equal to 4, ci=1/25.758, ki=0, αi1=-0.015, αi2=5.744 × 10-4, αi3=-
1.297×10-5, αi4=3.179 × 10-7, αi5=-5.823 × 10-9, αi6=6.995 × 10-11, αi7=-4.814 × 10-13,
αi8=1.431 × 10-15。
Optionally,
When the i is equal to 5, ci=1/8.741, ki=0, αi1=0.021, αi2=-1.749 × 10-4, αi3=3.806
×10-6, αi4=2.975 × 10-8, αi5=-8.241 × 10-9, αi6=2.362 × 10-10, αi7=-4.347 × 10-10, αi8=
3.203×10-14。
Optionally,
When the i is equal to 6, ci=1/8.382, ki=0, αi1=0.013, αi2=4.081 × 10-4, αi3=8.886
×10-6, αi4=-8.748 × 10-7, αi5=4.471 × 10-8, αi6=-1.874 × 10-9, αi7=3.313 × 10-11, αi8=-
1.905×10-13。
Second aspect, the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of spectrometers, including：What grating and two first aspects provided
Any one compound lens；
The plane of incidence phase of the first compound lens includes in two compound lenses first lens and the grating
It is right；
The exit facet phase of the second compound lens includes in two compound lenses first lens and the grating
It is right；
First compound lens, for being collimated to incident light, and by the light projection after collimation to the grating
On；
The grating is thrown for making the light from first compound lens that diffraction occur, and by the light after generation diffraction
It is mapped on second compound lens；
Second compound lens for converging the light received, and the light emission after convergence is gone out.
Optionally,
The spectrometer further comprises：Optical filter and diaphragm；
For the optical filter between first compound lens and the grating, it is compound that the diaphragm is located at described second
Between lens and the grating；
The optical filter receives the wave-length coverage of the light from first compound lens for limiting the grating,
The wave-length coverage for the light for receiving the grating is not less than 800nm and is not more than 1000nm；
The diaphragm receives the quantity of the light beam from the grating for limiting second compound lens, makes institute
It states resolution ratio of the light emitted by the second compound lens in image planes and reaches preset target value.
Optionally,
The numerical aperture of the spectrometer is not less than 0.2 and is not more than 0.3.
Compound lens and spectrometer provided in an embodiment of the present invention, include the first lens successively arranged, the second lens,
The third lens and the 4th lens, four lens are non-spherical lens, and the first lens and the second lens are back to the face of side
Type is concave, and the face type of the first lens and the second lens opposite side is convex, the second lens and the first lens opposite side
Face type is that plane, the second lens and the third lens are convex, the third lens opposite with the second lens one to the face type of side
The face type of side is convex, and the face type of the third lens and the 4th lens opposite side is plane, the 4th lens and the third lens phase
Face type to side is that the face type of convex, the 4th lens and the third lens back to side is concave.As included by compound lens
Four lens be non-spherical lens, and the different zones of non-spherical lens side can have different curvature, so that non-
The different zones of spherical lens can generate different refraction effects to light beam, thus the phase interworking for passing through each non-spherical lens
It closes, can increase when the effect that compound lens eliminates aberration can be enhanced, and then the compound lens being applied to spectrometer
The visual field of big spectrometer.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is the present invention
Some embodiments for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis
These attached drawings obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of compound lens provided by one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of another compound lens provided by one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is compound lens provided by one embodiment of the present invention all band light in 800nm-1000nm wave-length coverage
Modulation transfer function curve graph；
Fig. 4 is curve graph of the compound lens provided by one embodiment of the present invention in the modulation transfer function of 850nm wavelength；
Fig. 5 is curve graph of the compound lens provided by one embodiment of the present invention in the modulation transfer function of 875nm wavelength；
Fig. 6 is curve graph of the compound lens provided by one embodiment of the present invention in the modulation transfer function of 900nm wavelength；
Fig. 7 is curve graph of the compound lens provided by one embodiment of the present invention in the modulation transfer function of 925nm wavelength；
Fig. 8 is curve graph of the compound lens provided by one embodiment of the present invention in the modulation transfer function of 950nm wavelength；
Fig. 9 is the point range figure of compound lens provided by one embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 is a kind of schematic diagram of spectrometer provided by one embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of another spectrometer provided by one embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 12 is the full filed point range figure of spectrometer provided by one embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 13 is the matrix point range figure of spectrometer provided by one embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 14 is the opposite illumination intensity of spectrometer provided by one embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments, based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
Every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of compound lens, which may include：Successively arrange
The first lens 10, the second lens 20, the third lens 30 and the 4th lens 40, wherein
First lens 10, the second lens 20, the third lens 30 and the 4th lens 40 are non-spherical lens；
According to from the first lens 10 be directed toward the 4th lens 40 direction, the face type of 10 two sides of the first lens be respectively concave and
Convex, the face type of 20 two sides of the second lens are respectively plane and convex, the face type of 30 two sides of the third lens be respectively convex and
The face type of plane, 40 two sides of the 4th lens is respectively convex and concave.
It include the first lens successively arranged, the second lens, third the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of compound lens
Lens and the 4th lens, four lens are non-spherical lens, and the first lens and the face type of the second lens back to side are
The face type of concave, the first lens and the second lens opposite side is convex, the face type of the second lens and the first lens opposite side
For plane, the second lens and the third lens are convex, the third lens and the second lens opposite side to the face type of side
Face type is convex, and the face type of the third lens and the 4th lens opposite side is plane, the 4th lens opposite with the third lens one
The face type of side is that the face type of convex, the 4th lens and the third lens back to side is concave.Four as included by compound lens
A lens are non-spherical lens, and the different zones of non-spherical lens side can have different curvature, so that aspherical
The different zones of lens can generate different refraction effects to light beam, thus by the mutual cooperation of each non-spherical lens,
Light can be increased when the effect that compound lens eliminates aberration can be enhanced, and then the compound lens being applied to spectrometer
The visual field of spectrometer.
Optionally, on the basis of compound lens shown in Fig. 1, the face type of 10 two sides of the first lens respectively with the 4th lens 40
The face type of two sides is identical, and the face type of 20 two sides of the second lens is identical as the face type of 30 two sides of the third lens respectively, specifically, first
On lens 10 with the second lens 20 back in the face type and the 4th lens 40 of side with the third lens 30 back to the face type phase of side
Together, on the first lens 10 in the face type and the 4th lens 40 of 20 opposite side of the second lens with 30 opposite side of the third lens
Face type is identical, on the second lens 20 with it is opposite with the 4th lens 40 in the face type and the third lens 30 of 10 opposite side of the first lens
The face type of side is identical, on the second lens 20 in the face type and the third lens 30 of 30 opposite side of the third lens with the second lens
The face type of 20 opposite sides is identical.
Since the face type of the first lens two sides is identical as the face type of the 4th lens two sides respectively, the face type of the second lens two sides
It is identical as the face type of the third lens two sides respectively, at the same time, if the first lens and the 4th lens thickness having the same, the
Two lens and the third lens thickness having the same, then the first lens and the 4th lens are identical lens, the second lens and the
Three lens are identical lens, and such compound lens comprises only two distinct types of lens, it is only necessary to two molds
To manufacture whole lens included by the compound lens, it thereby may be ensured that the compound lens has relatively low cost.
Optionally, identical as the 4th lens two sides type respectively in the first lens two sides type, and the second lens two sides
On the basis of type is identical with the third lens two sides type respectively, the thickness of the first lens can be identical as the thickness of the 4th lens,
The thickness of second lens can be identical as the thickness of the third lens, and the first lens and the second lens two opposite side surfaces center it
Between distance be equal to the distance between the third lens and the 4th lens two opposite side surfaces center.
When the face type and thickness of the first lens and the 4th lens are all the same, the face type and thickness of the second lens and the third lens
It is all the same, and the distance between the first lens and the second lens two opposite side surfaces center are equal to the third lens and the 4th lens phase
When to the distance between two center sides, the first lens are symmetrical at mirror surface with the 4th lens, the second lens and the third lens at
Mirror surface is symmetrical, and the first lens are overlapped with the symmetrical mirror surface of the 4th lens and the second lens with the symmetrical mirror surface of the third lens, this
Sample compound lens can preferably eliminate aberration integral into mirror symmetrical structure, and it is preferable to guarantee that compound lens has
Imaging effect.
Optionally, on the basis of compound lens shown in Fig. 1, the first lens 10, the second lens 20, the third lens 30 and
The material of four lens 40 is glass.Since glass phase has smaller water suction for plastic materials such as polystyrene, acrylic acid
Property, thus the face type and refractive index of glass material lens be affected by humidity it is smaller, to be answered by what glass material lens formed
Can more steadily light beam be reflected by closing lens, so that having stronger stabilization using the spectrometer for having the compound lens
Property.
Optionally, on the basis of compound lens shown in Fig. 1, the material of the first lens 10 and the 4th lens 40 can be phase
The material of the moulded glass of same type, the second lens 20 and the third lens 30 can be the moulded glass of same type, and first
The type of lens 10 and the used moulded glass of the 4th lens 40 and the second lens 20 and the used moulded glass of the third lens 30
Type it is different.For example, the first lens 10 and the 4th lens 40 use the trade mark for the optical glass of D-ZLAF85L, the second lens
20 and the third lens 30 use the trade mark for the optical glass of H-LAK4L.
Firstly, color difference (Chromatic aberration) is also known as chromatic aberation, it is a major defect of lens imaging, color
Difference is exactly the difference of color in simple terms, occur using polychromatic light as light source, monochromatic light does not generate color difference, pass through by
Multiple lens combinations with different glass material and the compound lens obtained, can eliminate color difference caused by compound lens,
Improve the imaging effect of compound lens.Therefore, the first lens and the 4th lens use a type of moulded glass, the second lens
Another type of moulded glass is used with the third lens, guarantees that the compound lens can eliminate generated color difference,
And then guarantee that the compound lens has preferable imaging effect.
Secondly, moulded glass can be manufactured by glass mould pressing process into the lens with respective face type, the first lens, the
The material of two lens, the third lens and the 4th lens is all made of moulded glass, can by glass mould pressing process to the first lens,
Second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens are manufactured, and guarantee the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens
Face type it is more accurate.
Thirdly, when the face type of the first lens two sides is identical as the face type of the 4th lens two sides respectively, the second lens two sides
Face type it is identical as the face type of the third lens two sides respectively when, the first lens and the 4th lens use the glass of same material, the
Two lens and the third lens use the glass of same material, such first lens and the 4th lens face type having the same and identical
Material, the second lens and the third lens face type having the same and identical material, i.e. the first lens and the 4th lens can be with
For identical lens, the second lens and the third lens can be identical lens, by reducing compound lens institute
Type including lens can reduce the cost of the compound lens in batch production.
Optionally, on the basis of compound lens shown in Fig. 1, as shown in Fig. 2, on the second lens 20 with the third lens 30
On the curved surface S4 of opposite side, the radius of curvature close to primary optical axis region is greater than the radius of curvature far from primary optical axis region, meanwhile,
In the third lens 30 and on the curved surface S5 of 20 opposite side of the second lens, the radius of curvature close to primary optical axis region is greater than separate
The radius of curvature in primary optical axis region.
The side S3 opposite with the first lens 10 is in plane on second lens 20, on the second lens 20 with 30 phase of the third lens
Pair side S4 be in convex, and radius of curvature of the side S4 close to primary optical axis region is greater than the curvature half far from primary optical axis region
Diameter.Correspondingly, side S6 opposite with the 4th lens 40 in the third lens 30 is in plane, in the third lens 30 with the second lens 20
Opposite side S5 is in convex, and radius of curvature of the side S5 close to primary optical axis region is greater than the curvature far from primary optical axis region
Radius.In this way, the optical signature of the second lens 20 and the third lens 30 shows as convex lens, and the song close to primary optical axis region
Rate radius is greater than the radius of curvature far from primary optical axis region, so that the light of different wave length has different focal lengths, with preferably
Play the role of eliminating color difference.
Optionally, on the basis of compound lens shown in Fig. 1, in order to guarantee that the light beam of different wave length passes sequentially through first thoroughly
Mirror 10, the second lens 20, the third lens 30 and the 4th lens 40 can be converged respectively according to wavelength, the first lens 10,
Two lens 20,40 two sides of the third lens 30 and the 4th lens face type needs meet specific requirement.Specifically, thoroughly for first
Each of mirror 10, the second lens 20, the third lens 30 and the 4th lens 40 lens, in the section of the axis by the lens
On, the corresponding curve of non-plane side needs to meet following equation on the lens：
Wherein, i characterizes variable, and axis direction is the side along the axis of lens by the first lens 10 the 4th lens 40 of direction
To.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, the first lens 10, the second lens 20, the third lens 30 and the third lens 40 are rotation
Body lens, axis z are the rotary shaft that four lens share, and section passes through axis z；
When i is equal to 1, ziIt characterizes in the point and first curve on the first curve corresponding to 10 upper side S1 of the first lens
Distance of the point on the direction axis z, riThe midpoint of the point and first curve on first curve is characterized perpendicular to the axis side z
Upward distance；
When i is equal to 2, ziIt characterizes in the point and second curve on the second curve corresponding to 10 upper side S2 of the first lens
Distance of the point on the direction axis z, riThe midpoint of the point and second curve on second curve is characterized perpendicular to the axis side z
Upward distance；
When i is equal to 3, ziIt characterizes in the point and the third curve on third curve corresponding to 20 upper side S4 of the second lens
Distance of the point on the direction axis z, riThe midpoint of the point and the third curve on the third curve is characterized perpendicular to the axis side z
Upward distance；
When i is equal to 4, ziIt characterizes in the point and the 4th curve on the 4th curve corresponding to 30 upper side S5 of the third lens
Distance of the point on the direction axis z, riThe midpoint of the point and the 4th curve on the 4th curve is characterized perpendicular to the axis side z
Upward distance；
When i is equal to 5, ziIt characterizes in the point and the 5th curve on the 5th curve corresponding to 40 upper side S7 of the 4th lens
Distance of the point on the direction axis z, riThe midpoint of the point and the 5th curve on the 5th curve is characterized perpendicular to the axis side z
Upward distance；
When i is equal to 6, ziIt characterizes in the point and the 6th curve on the 6th curve corresponding to 40 upper side S8 of the 4th lens
Distance of the point on the direction axis z, riThe midpoint of the point and the 6th curve on the 6th curve is characterized perpendicular to the axis side z
Upward distance.
By above-mentioned equation respectively to each lens in the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens
The shape of non-plane side is defined, in conjunction with the reasonable definition to four lens thicknesses and spacing, so that four lens can be with
It preferably cooperates, guarantees that compound lens can more efficiently eliminate aberration, make in the case where larger field
Aberration is still in lower level, to guarantee there is relatively large visual field using the spectrometer of the compound lens.Same
Under the premise of Pixel size, the increase of visual field can promote the resolution capability of spectrometer.
It should be noted that in the compound lens provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the first lens, the second lens, third
Lens and the 4th lens can be round lens (rotary body lens), or non-circular lens, such as hexagon lens, eight
Side shape lens etc., and the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens can be lens of different shapes, in reality
The shape of each lens can be flexibly determined during the business realizing of border according to actual needs.
Optionally, in the above-described embodiments, in the first lens 10, the second lens 20, the third lens 30 and the 4th lens 40
Curve corresponding to the non-plane side of each lens is all satisfied above-mentioned equation, and each curve is corresponding to each in above-mentioned equation
Parameter can be as shown in table 1 below；
Table 1
Optionally, corresponding to the non-plane side of the first lens 10, the second lens 20, the third lens 30 and the 4th lens 40
Under the premise of curvilinear equation meets above-mentioned 1 defined parameters of table, as shown in Fig. 2, 10 upper side S2 of the first lens and the second lens 20
The distance between center of upper side S3 is less than 10mm, the center of 20 upper side S4 of the second lens and 30 upper side S7 of the third lens
The distance between be less than 20mm, the distance between the center of 30 upper side S8 of the third lens and 40 upper side S5 of the 4th lens is less than
10mm.For example, the distance between center of side S2 and side S3 can for 1.000mm, side S4 and side S7 center it
Between distance can be able to be 1.000mm for the distance between the center of 5.193mm, side S8 and side S5.
Optionally, the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens can be round lens, i.e., first thoroughly
Mirror, the second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens are rotary body lens.As shown in Fig. 2, the radius of each lens can be：
The radius of first lens, 10 upper side S1 is 5.150mm, and the radius of 10 upper side S2 of the first lens is 6.284mm, the second lens
The radius of 20 upper side S3 is 7.377mm, and the radius of 20 upper side S4 of the second lens is 7.648mm, 30 upper side of the third lens
The radius of S5 is 7.264mm, and the radius of 30 upper side S6 of the third lens is 6.883mm, the radius of 40 upper side S7 of the 4th lens
For 5.670mm, the radius of 40 upper side S8 of the 4th lens is 4.472mm.
Optionally, on the basis of above-mentioned each embodiment provided compound lens, the thickness at 10 center of the first lens can
Think 2.998mm, the thickness at 20 center of the second lens can be 2.999mm, and the thickness at 30 center of the third lens can be
2.999mm, the thickness at 40 center of the 4th lens can be 2.998mm.
It should be noted that in the compound lens provided by the embodiment of the present invention, if the first lens, the second lens,
The third lens and the 4th lens are round lens, the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens radius can not have
There are determining size relation, i.e., any one lens A and any one lens B for including for compound lens, the radius of lens A
It can be less than, be greater than or equal to lens B, can flexibly determine each thoroughly according to actual needs during practical business is realized
The radius of mirror.
In embodiments of the present invention, when the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens satisfaction in compound lens
When above-described embodiment is limited about side curve equation, curvature and side spacing, the modulation transfer function of the compound lens is such as
Shown in Fig. 3 to Fig. 8, the point range figure of the compound lens is as shown in Figure 9.
Fig. 3 is the modulation transfer function that the compound lens corresponds to all band light in 800nm-1000nm wave-length coverage,
Fig. 4 is the modulation transfer function that the compound lens corresponds to that wavelength is 850nm light, and Fig. 5 is that the compound lens corresponds to wavelength
For the modulation transfer function of 875nm light, Fig. 6 is the modulation transfer function that the compound lens corresponds to that wavelength is 900nm light,
Fig. 7 is the modulation transfer function that the compound lens corresponds to that wavelength is 925nm light, and Fig. 8 is that the compound lens corresponds to wavelength
For the modulation transfer function of 950nm light.In Fig. 3 into Fig. 8, the curve for being labeled with T0.00DEG is respective wavelength meridional ray
Modulation transfer function in 0 degree of visual field (visual field on axis) position, the curve for being labeled with S0.00DEG is respective wavelength sagittal ray
Modulation transfer function in 0 degree of visual field (visual field on axis) position, the curve for being labeled with T6.83DEG is respective wavelength meridional ray
Modulation transfer function 6.83 degree of visual field (half field-of-view) positions, the curve for being labeled with S6.83DEG is respective wavelength sagittal ray
Modulation transfer function 6.83 degree of visual field (half field-of-view) positions, the curve for being labeled with T9.56DEG is respective wavelength meridional ray
Modulation transfer function in 9.56 degree of visual fields (0.7 visual field) position, the curve for being labeled with S9.56DEG is respective wavelength sagitta of arc light
For line in the modulation transfer function of 9.56 degree of visual fields (0.7 visual field) position, the curve for being labeled with T13.65DEG is respective wavelength meridian
For light in the modulation transfer function of 13.65 degree of visual field (peripheral field) positions, the curve for being labeled with S13.65DEG is respective wavelength
Modulation transfer function of the sagittal ray 13.65 degree of visual field (peripheral field) positions.
It should be noted that in Fig. 3 to Fig. 8 in each modulation transfer function curve shown in the drawings, meridional ray and
Sagittal ray modulation transfer function of field positions on axis overlaps.In addition, in Fig. 3 into Fig. 8, T0.00DEG,
S0.00DEG, T6.83DEG, S6.83DEG, T9.56DEG, S9.56DE, T13.65DEG and S13.65DEG are respectively used to identify
Corresponding curve, the usual way that modulation transfer function curve is identified for correlative technology field.
By Fig. 3 to Fig. 8 it is found that different wave length light different field of view angle positions with spatial frequency increase modulate
Transmission function slow-decay illustrates that the compound lens has preferable resolution ratio.
In point range figure as shown in Figure 9, different wave length light formed hot spot, standard at different field of view angle are illustrated
The size of reference block is 40 μm of 40 μ m, it is possible thereby to illustrate that the compound lens has good resolution ratio.Wherein, it is regarded in Fig. 9
DEG included by the degree item of rink corner indicates that the unit of field of view angle, such as 0.00DEG indicate 0 degree of visual field, and 6.83DEG indicates 6.83
Visual field is spent, 9.56DEG indicates 9.56 degree of visual fields, and 13.65DEG indicates 13.56 degree of visual fields.
As shown in Figure 10, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of spectrometers, including：Grating 501 and two it is above-mentioned any one
The compound lens that a embodiment provides, the first lens and grating 501 that the first compound lens 502 includes in two compound lenses
The plane of incidence is opposite, and the first lens that the second compound lens 503 includes in two compound lenses are opposite with the exit facet of grating 502；
First compound lens 502 is used to collimate incident light, and will be in the light projection after collimation to grating 501；
Grating 501 is used to making light from the first compound lens to occur diffraction, and the light projection after diffraction will occur to the
On two compound lenses；
Second compound lens 503 is converged for that will receive light, and the light emission after convergence is gone out.
Spectrometer provided in an embodiment of the present invention, due to applied two compound lenses all have it is stronger to aberration into
The ability that row is eliminated, guarantees that aberration remains at lower level in the case where larger field, so that spectrometer has
Biggish visual field.
Optionally, on the basis of the spectrometer shown in Figure 10, as shown in figure 11, which can also include optical filter
504 and diaphragm 505；
For optical filter 504 between the first compound lens 502 and grating 501, diaphragm 505 is located at the second compound lens 503
Between grating 501；
Optical filter 504 makes light for limiting the wave-length coverage that grating 501 receives the light from the first compound lens 502
The wave-length coverage for the light that grid 501 receive is not less than 800nm and to be not more than 1000nm；
Diaphragm 505 is used to limit the quantity for the light beam from grating 501 that the second compound lens 503 receives, and makes second
Resolution ratio of the light emitted by compound lens 503 in image planes reaches preset target value.
By the way that optical filter is arranged between the first compound lens and grating, light received by optical filter limitation grating is utilized
Wavelength within the preset range by the wavelength limitation of light received by the first compound lens avoids wavelength from being unsatisfactory in advance
The light of setting wave-length coverage enters the first compound lens and brings additional noise, guarantees spectrometer signal-to-noise ratio with higher.It is logical
It crosses and diaphragm is set between the second compound lens and grating, the number of light beam received by the second compound lens is limited using diaphragm
Amount, makes resolution ratio of the light emitted by the second compound lens in image planes reach preset target value, is guaranteeing spectrometer
Resolution ratio can reach target value under the premise of, so that the second compound lens is can receive more light beams, so that imaging
Relative illumination with higher promotes the imaging effect of spectrometer.
Optionally, the numerical aperture of spectrometer is not less than 0.2 and no more than 0.3, and half field-of-view's angle of spectrometer can at this time
To reach 10 ° to 15 ° of range, in contrast there is biggish visual field, can satisfy the requirement of a variety of usage scenarios, so that should
Spectrometer has stronger applicability.
In embodiments of the present invention, when the parameters of spectrometer meet the restriction of the various embodiments described above, the spectrometer
Corresponding full filed point range figure is as shown in figure 12, and the corresponding matrix point range figure of the spectrometer is as shown in figure 13.
As shown in figure 12, from right to left 7 column dot matrix characterize respectively wavelength be 830nm, 850nm, 870nm, 890nm,
The light of 910nm, 930nm and 950nm are formed by part hot spot, and the formed hot spot of different wavelengths of light successively divides according to wavelength order
Cloth, the hot spot of different wavelengths of light has embodiment in full filed point range figure, and the hot spot of different wavelengths of light is respectively positioned in the visual field,
Illustrate that the range through light emitted by the second compound lens in spectrometer meets the range of receiver.
As shown in figure 13, the spot resolution that each wavelength corresponds to true field all has higher resolution ratio.Wherein, scheme
MM characteristic length unit millimeter included by true field item in 13, for example, 0.0000,0.0000MM expression corresponding coordinate is
The true field of (0.0000mm, 0.0000mm), -0.1000,0.7000MM indicate corresponding coordinate be (- 0.1000mm,
True field 0.7000mm), 0.3000, -2.1000MM indicates that corresponding coordinate is the object space of (0.3000mm, -2.1000mm)
Visual field.
Figure 14 is the corresponding opposite illumination intensity curve of the spectrometer, and relative illumination is located always in visual field as seen from Figure 14
In 0.75 or more, illustrate spectrometer relative illumination with higher, so that the spectrometer has wide application field.
In conclusion compound lens and spectrometer that each embodiment of the present invention provides, at least have the advantages that：
It 1, in embodiments of the present invention, include that the first lens successively arranged, the second lens, the third lens and the 4th are saturating
Mirror, four lens are non-spherical lens, and the first lens and the face type of the second lens back to side are concave, the first lens
It is convex with the face type of the second lens opposite side, the face type of the second lens and the first lens opposite side is plane, second
Lens and the third lens are convex to the face type of side, and the face type of the third lens and the second lens opposite side is convex, the
The face type of three lens and the 4th lens opposite side is plane, and the face type of the 4th lens and the third lens opposite side is convex
The face type of type, the 4th lens and the third lens back to side is concave.Four lens are non-as included by compound lens
Spherical lens, and the different zones of non-spherical lens side can have different curvature, so that the not same district of non-spherical lens
Domain can generate different refraction effects to light beam, to can be enhanced compound by the mutual cooperation of each non-spherical lens
The effect that lens eliminate aberration, and then when compound lens is applied to spectrometer, can increase the visual field of spectrometer.
2, in embodiments of the present invention, four lens included by compound lens are all made of glass material, due to glass phase
There is smaller water imbibition, therefore the face type and refractive index of glass material lens for plastic materials such as polystyrene, acrylic acid
Influenced by ambient humidity it is smaller, so that the compound lens being made of glass material lens can more steadily carry out light beam
Refraction, so that there is stronger stability using the spectrometer for having the compound lens.
3, in embodiments of the present invention, in compound lens, the material of the first lens and the 4th lens is same type
The material of moulded glass, the second lens and the third lens is the moulded glass of same type, and the first lens and the 4th lens
Material type is different from the material type of the second lens and the third lens, guarantees that compound lens can effectively eliminate color difference in this way,
So that there is compound lens good color difference to eliminate ability.
4, in embodiments of the present invention, in embodiments of the present invention, the numerical aperture of spectrometer not less than 0.2 and is not more than
0.3, half field-of-view's angle of spectrometer can achieve 10 ° to 15 ° of range at this time, in contrast have biggish visual field, can be with
Meet the requirement of a variety of usage scenarios, so that the spectrometer has stronger applicability.
5, in embodiments of the present invention, by equation respectively to the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens
In the shape of non-plane side of each lens be defined, four lens are cooperated more accurately with to entering
Irradiating light beam is reflected, and is guaranteed that compound lens can more efficiently eliminate aberration, is made in the case where larger field
Aberration is still in lower level, to guarantee there is relatively large visual field using the spectrometer of the compound lens.Same
Under the premise of Pixel size, the increase of visual field can promote the resolution capability of spectrometer.
It should be noted that, in this document, such as first and second etc relational terms are used merely to an entity
Or operation is distinguished with another entity or operation, is existed without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation
Any actual relationship or order.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant be intended to it is non-
It is exclusive to include, so that the process, method, article or equipment for including a series of elements not only includes those elements,
It but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include solid by this process, method, article or equipment
Some elements.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence " including one ", is not arranged
Except there is also other identical factors in the process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element.
Finally, it should be noted that：The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is merely to illustrate skill of the invention
Art scheme, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Any modification for being made all within the spirits and principles of the present invention,
Equivalent replacement, improvement etc., are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of compound lens, which is characterized in that including：The first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the 4th successively arranged
Lens, wherein
First lens, second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens are non-spherical lens；
According to the direction for being directed toward the 4th lens from first lens, the face type of first lens two sides is respectively concave
And convex, the face type of second lens two sides are respectively plane and convex, the face type of the third lens two sides is respectively
The face type of convex and plane, the 4th lens two sides is respectively convex and concave.
2. compound lens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The face type of first lens two sides is identical as the face type of the 4th lens two sides respectively；
The face type of second lens two sides is identical as the face type of the third lens two sides respectively.
3. compound lens according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
The thickness of first lens is identical as the thickness of the 4th lens, and the thickness of second lens and the third are saturating
The thickness of mirror is identical；
The distance between first lens and the second lens opposite sides face center be equal to the third lens with it is described
The distance between 4th lens opposite sides face center.
4. compound lens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
First lens, second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens material be glass.
5. compound lens according to claim 4, which is characterized in that
The material of first lens and the 4th lens is the first moulded glass of same type, second lens and institute
The material for stating the third lens is the second moulded glass of same type, and first moulded glass and second moulded glass
Type it is different.
6. compound lens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
On second lens and on the curved surface of the third lens opposite side, the radius of curvature close to primary optical axis region is big
In the radius of curvature far from primary optical axis region；
In the third lens and on the curved surface of the second lens opposite side, the radius of curvature close to primary optical axis region is big
In the radius of curvature far from primary optical axis region.
7. according to claim 1 to any compound lens in 6, which is characterized in that
For each of first lens, second lens, the third lens and the 4th lens lens,
On section by the axis of the lens, curve corresponding to the lens two sides is all satisfied following equation：
Wherein, the i characterizes variable, and the axis direction is to be directed toward described the by first lens along the axis of the lens
The direction of four lens；
When the i is equal to 1, the ziIt characterizes bent back to corresponding to side first with second lens on first lens
Point on line is at a distance from first mid point of curve is on the axis direction, the riCharacterize the point on first curve
At a distance from the midpoint of first curve is on perpendicular to the axis direction；
When the i is equal to 2, the ziIt characterizes bent with corresponding to the second lens opposite side second on first lens
Point on line is at a distance from second mid point of curve is on the axis direction, the riCharacterize the point on second curve
At a distance from the midpoint of second curve is on perpendicular to the axis direction；
When the i is equal to 3, the ziIt characterizes bent with third corresponding to the third lens opposite side on second lens
Point on line is at a distance from the third mid point of curve is on the axis direction, the riCharacterize the point on the third curve
At a distance from the midpoint of the third curve is on perpendicular to the axis direction；
When the i is equal to 4, the ziIt characterizes bent with the corresponding to the second lens opposite side the 4th in the third lens
Point on line is at a distance from the 4th mid point of curve is on the axis direction, the riCharacterize the point on the 4th curve
At a distance from the midpoint of the 4th curve is on perpendicular to the axis direction；
When the i is equal to 5, the ziIt characterizes bent with the corresponding to the third lens opposite side the 5th on the 4th lens
Point on line is at a distance from the 5th mid point of curve is on the axis direction, the riCharacterize the point on the 5th curve
At a distance from the midpoint of the 5th curve is on perpendicular to the axis direction；
When the i is equal to 6, the ziIt characterizes bent back to the corresponding to side the 6th with the third lens on the 4th lens
Point on line is at a distance from the 6th mid point of curve is on the axis direction, the riCharacterize the point on the 6th curve
At a distance from the midpoint of the 6th curve is on perpendicular to the axis direction.
8. compound lens according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
When the i is equal to 1, ci=-1/8.382, ki=0, αi1=-0.013, αi2=-4.081 × 10-4, αi3=-8.886 ×
10-6, αi4=8.748 × 10-7, αi5=-4.471 × 10-8, αi6=1.874 × 10-9, αi7=-3.313 × 10-11, αi8=
1.905×10-13；
And/or
When the i is equal to 2, ci=-1/8.741, ki=0, αi1=-0.021, αi2=1.749 × 10-4, αi3=-3.806 ×
10-6, αi4=-2.975 × 10-8, αi5=8.241 × 10-9, αi6=-2.362 × 10-10, αi7=4.347 × 10-10, αi8=-
3.203×10-14；
And/or
When the i is equal to 3, ci=-1/25.758, ki=0, αi1=0.015, αi2=-5.744 × 10-4, αi3=1.297 ×
10-5, αi4=-3.179 × 10-7, αi5=5.823 × 10-9, αi6=-6.995 × 10-11, αi7=4.814 × 10-13, αi8=-
1.431×10-15；
And/or
When the i is equal to 4, ci=1/25.758, ki=0, αi1=-0.015, αi2=5.744 × 10-4, αi3=-1.297 ×
10-5, αi4=3.179 × 10-7, αi5=-5.823 × 10-9, αi6=6.995 × 10-11, αi7=-4.814 × 10-13, αi8=
1.431×10-15；
And/or
When the i is equal to 5, ci=1/8.741, ki=0, αi1=0.021, αi2=-1.749 × 10-4, αi3=3.806 × 10-6, αi4=2.975 × 10-8, αi5=-8.241 × 10-9, αi6=2.362 × 10-10, αi7=-4.347 × 10-10, αi8=
3.203×10-14；
And/or
When the i is equal to 6, ci=1/8.382, ki=0, αi1=0.013, αi2=4.081 × 10-4, αi3=8.886 × 10-6, αi4=-8.748 × 10-7, αi5=4.471 × 10-8, αi6=-1.874 × 10-9, αi7=3.313 × 10-11, αi8=-
1.905×10-13。
9. a kind of spectrometer, which is characterized in that including：Any compound lens in grating and two claims 1 to 8；
First lens that the first compound lens includes in two compound lenses are opposite with the plane of incidence of the grating；
First lens that the second compound lens includes in two compound lenses are opposite with the exit facet of the grating；
First compound lens, for being collimated to incident light, and will be in the light projection after collimation to the grating；
The grating is arrived for making the light from first compound lens that diffraction occur, and by the light projection after generation diffraction
On second compound lens；
Second compound lens for converging the light received, and the light emission after convergence is gone out.
10. spectrometer according to claim 9, which is characterized in that further comprise：Optical filter and diaphragm；
For the optical filter between first compound lens and the grating, the diaphragm is located at second compound lens
Between the grating；
The optical filter receives the wave-length coverage of the light from first compound lens for limiting the grating, makes institute
The wave-length coverage for stating the light that grating receives is not less than 800nm and no more than 1000nm；
The diaphragm receives the quantity of the light beam from the grating for limiting second compound lens, makes described
Resolution ratio of the light emitted by two compound lenses in image planes reaches preset target value；
And/or
The numerical aperture of the spectrometer is not less than 0.2 and is not more than 0.3.
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