CN108828447A - A kind of lithium battery optimum preload test method and test macro - Google Patents
A kind of lithium battery optimum preload test method and test macro Download PDFInfo
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- CN108828447A CN108828447A CN201810574454.8A CN201810574454A CN108828447A CN 108828447 A CN108828447 A CN 108828447A CN 201810574454 A CN201810574454 A CN 201810574454A CN 108828447 A CN108828447 A CN 108828447A
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- lithium battery
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium battery optimum preload test method and test macros, tested lithium battery is divided at least two groups first, different size of pretightning force is applied to each group lithium battery again, charge and discharge cycles test finally is carried out to each group lithium battery, the optimal lithium battery group of battery status is found, the corresponding pretightning force applied of the lithium battery group found is the optimum preload of tested lithium battery.The test that need not carry out expansive force to lithium battery after being mounted with expansive force tooling, reduces the investment such as artificial, fund, space, equipment.The setting of different size pretightning force is introduced in testing, simulate the true environment that lithium battery is packed into mould group, assess influence of the pretightning force to battery life and performance in battery charging and discharging cyclic process, result by monitoring battery performance reflects the optimum value of pretightning force, the clamping of quantifiable pretightning force is carried out to charge and discharge cycles test, can the suitable pretightning force of Effective selection, improve battery cycle life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium battery optimum preload test method and test macros.
Background technique
Core component of the lithium-ion-power cell as nowadays new-energy automobile, performance directly determine new energy vapour
The development key of vehicle.Nowadays, the market of lithium ion battery and application present the development of explosion type.Lithium ion battery is answered
With certainly existing a large amount of charge and discharge cycles process.When lithium ion battery charges, lithium ion is deviate from from anode, is embedded in cathode
Graphite, cathode expansion.When electric discharge, lithium ion is deviate from from cathode, expands in intercalated layered positive electrode.Simultaneously in the aging of battery
In the process, electrolyte can also produce gas and lead to the expansion of cell thickness.This not only influences the service life and circulation of battery, but also
Current potential is accommodated to the battery core of mould group, size design brings very big influence.And testing proves, compares to the certain pretightning force of lithium battery
It has a distinct increment in performance and circulation in no clamping device.
The existing research for changing and testing about different lithium cell expansion power is still at an early stage.It is well known that lithium is electric
The performance test project in pond is numerous, and single battery is packed into after mould group in a given pretightning force or size and after coming into operation
Just it will not be debugged again, until end-of-life.Authorization Notice No. is that the Chinese patent document of CN205808609U discloses one
The device for measuring lithium battery electric core expansive force in battery modules is planted, the expansion of lithium battery can be measured by the device
Power.And it can only generally be tested at this stage based on a test condition about the test fixture of expansive force, and be in lithium electricity
The test of expansive force is carried out in the operational process of pond.Make since lithium battery only can reach longest under optimal pretightning force
With the service life, and there is no the test process of relationship between the performance of lithium battery and the numerical value of pretightning force in the prior art.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium battery optimum preload test method and test macros, to realize lithium electricity
The test of relationship between the performance in pond and the numerical value of pretightning force.
To achieve the above object, the present invention includes following technical scheme.
A kind of lithium battery optimum preload test method, includes the following steps:
1) tested lithium battery is divided at least two groups;
2) different size of pretightning force is applied to each group lithium battery;
3) identical charge and discharge cycles test is carried out to each group lithium battery, finds the optimal lithium battery group of battery status, looks for
The corresponding pretightning force applied of the lithium battery group arrived is the optimum preload of tested lithium battery.
The lithium battery optimum preload test method that this programme provides is the experimental method to lithium battery optimum preload, can
When lithium battery starts to come into operation optimum preload can be applied to it, it is not necessary to be mounted with expansive force tooling it
The test for carrying out expansive force to lithium battery afterwards reduces the investment such as artificial, fund, space, equipment.Moreover, to each group lithium battery
Apply different size of pretightning force, is tested according to the charge and discharge cycles carried out to each group lithium battery, it is optimal to find battery status
That group lithium battery, the corresponding pretightning force applied of this group of lithium battery are exactly the optimum preload of tested lithium battery.Therefore, it is testing
The middle setting for introducing different size pretightning force, simulation lithium battery are packed into the true environment of mould group, and assessment battery charging and discharging is circulated throughout
Influence of the pretightning force to battery life and performance in journey, the result by monitoring battery performance reflects the optimum value of pretightning force, right
Charge and discharge cycles test carries out the clamping of quantifiable pretightning force, can the suitable pretightning force of Effective selection, improve circulating battery
Service life.So, by applying optimum preload to lithium battery, it will be able to the service life of significant increase battery, to the longevity of battery
Life assessment and mould group are equipped with big meaning emphatically.
Further, the most preferably corresponding decision condition of the battery status is:When charge and discharge cycles first set number
Battery capacity decays minimum, and perhaps when charge and discharge cycles first set number, DC internal resistance is minimum or works as battery capacity
Charge and discharge cycles number is most when decaying to setting capacity threshold, or the direct current when battery capacity decays to setting capacity threshold
Internal resistance is minimum, and perhaps when DC internal resistance reaches setting internal resistance threshold value, charge and discharge cycles number is most or when DC internal resistance arrives
Decay up to battery capacity when setting internal resistance threshold value minimum.
Since the degree of the capacity attenuation of the service life and battery of lithium battery and the increase of battery DC internal resistance have
Certain relationship, suitable pretightning force can play certain inhibiting effect to capacity attenuation and DC internal resistance growth, therefore, sentence
The decaying of battery capacity involved in fixed condition or battery DC internal resistance, accurately can most preferably be pre-tightened according to the decision condition
Power.
Further, before to the grouping of tested lithium battery, the charge and discharge for first carrying out the second setting number to each lithium battery are followed
Ring is respectively less than the error amount of any two lithium battery capacities and sets error threshold.
The charge and discharge cycles that certain number is first carried out to lithium battery shorten the volume error value of any two lithium batteries, make each
Lithium battery is under identical conditions, promotes the accuracy of test result.
Further, the calculating process of DC internal resistance is:
A certain stationary phase is recorded with the voltage U of lithium battery under state-of-charge0, then, which is set with electric current I electric discharge
It fixes time, recording voltage U1, DC internal resistance RDCRCalculation formula be:
A kind of lithium battery optimum preload test macro, including pretightning force bringing device, first by tested lithium battery be divided into
It is two groups few, different size of pretightning force is then applied to each group lithium battery by pretightning force bringing device;Finally to each group lithium electricity
Pond carries out identical charge and discharge cycles test, finds the optimal lithium battery group of battery status, and the lithium battery group found is corresponding to be applied
Pretightning force be tested lithium battery optimum preload.
Further, the most preferably corresponding decision condition of the battery status is:When charge and discharge cycles first set number
Battery capacity decays minimum, and perhaps when charge and discharge cycles first set number, DC internal resistance is minimum or works as battery capacity
Charge and discharge cycles number is most when decaying to setting capacity threshold, or the direct current when battery capacity decays to setting capacity threshold
Internal resistance is minimum, and perhaps when DC internal resistance reaches setting internal resistance threshold value, charge and discharge cycles number is most or when DC internal resistance arrives
Decay up to battery capacity when setting internal resistance threshold value minimum.
Further, before to the grouping of tested lithium battery, the charge and discharge for first carrying out the second setting number to each lithium battery are followed
Ring is respectively less than the error amount of any two lithium battery capacities and sets error threshold.
Further, the pretightning force bringing device includes clamping plate and torque spanner, is provided with screw on clamping plate and penetrates hole,
Lithium battery is arranged among clamping plate, and is fixed by screw, and torque spanner is used for tightening screw, to apply corresponding pretightning force.
Further, four screws are set on clamping plate, and torque spanner is to the sequencing screwed of this four screws:It is left
The screw of upper position, the screw of bottom-right location, the screw of upper-right position and the screw of lower left position.
Further, the calculating process of DC internal resistance is:
A certain stationary phase is recorded with the voltage U of lithium battery under state-of-charge0, then, which is set with electric current I electric discharge
It fixes time, recording voltage U1, DC internal resistance RDCRCalculation formula be:
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the assembling structure left view of lithium battery and clamping plate;
Fig. 2 is the assembling structure main view of lithium battery and clamping plate;
Fig. 3 is that screw screws sequential schematic.
Specific embodiment
Lithium battery optimum preload test method embodiment
The present embodiment provides a kind of lithium battery optimum preload test methods, and current battery mould group almost all is using positioning
Variable force design is moved, the present embodiment, which is put aside, determines the design of power variable displacement.The test method generally comprises following steps:It 1) will be by
It surveys lithium battery and is divided at least two groups;2) different size of pretightning force is applied to each group lithium battery;3) due to for as lithium battery etc.
For start and stop power type battery, true use environment be shallowly fill the charge/discharge operation mode shallowly put, then, in order to make test environment
As far as possible close to true use environment, identical charge and discharge cycles test is carried out to each group lithium battery, it is optimal to find battery status
Lithium battery group, the corresponding pretightning force applied of the lithium battery group found are the optimum preload of tested lithium battery.
Wherein, due to the degree and battery DC internal resistance (DCR) of the service life of lithium battery and the capacity attenuation of battery
Increase have certain relationship, suitable pretightning force, which increases capacity attenuation and DC internal resistance, can play certain inhibition and make
With therefore, in order to improve test accuracy, in the present embodiment, providing a kind of reality of the most preferably corresponding decision condition of battery status
Existing mode, the decision condition are:When charge and discharge cycles first set number, battery capacity decaying is minimum, or works as charge and discharge
DC internal resistance is minimum when circulation the first setting number, or the charge and discharge cycles time when battery capacity decays to setting capacity threshold
At most, perhaps when battery capacity decays to setting capacity threshold, DC internal resistance is minimum or when DC internal resistance reaches setting for number
Charge and discharge cycles number is most when internal resistance threshold value, or battery capacity decays most when DC internal resistance reaches setting internal resistance threshold value
It is few.In above-mentioned six provided condition, can select according to the actual situation wherein any one or at least two.Below to upper
Six conditions are stated to be illustrated respectively:1. being protected when charge and discharge cycles first set number according to the capacity of circulation same number
The size of holdup judges optimum preload, that group lithium battery of minimum (i.e. the capacity retention ratio highest) of battery capacity decaying
Battery status is best, and the pretightning force that this group of lithium battery applies is required optimum preload;2. when charge and discharge cycles first are set
When number, optimum preload is judged according to the size of the DC internal resistance of circulation same number, the DC internal resistance of battery with it is cell performance
It can be in inverse correlation relationship, DC internal resistance is bigger, and battery performance is poorer, then, that the smallest group lithium battery state of DC internal resistance
Most preferably, corresponding pretightning force is optimum preload;3. when battery capacity decays to setting capacity threshold, according to charge and discharge cycles
How much judgement optimum preloads of number, charge and discharge cycles number at most indicate that battery access times are most, and battery status is best,
That corresponding corresponding pretightning force of group lithium battery is optimum preload;4. when battery capacity decays to setting capacity threshold,
Optimum preload is judged according to the size of DC internal resistance, that the smallest corresponding pretightning force of group lithium battery of DC internal resistance is best
Pretightning force;5. when DC internal resistance reaches setting internal resistance threshold value, according to how much judgement optimum preloads of charge and discharge cycles number,
Charge and discharge cycles number at most indicates that battery access times are most, that corresponding corresponding pretightning force of group lithium battery is best pre-
Clamp force;6. when DC internal resistance reach setting internal resistance threshold value when, battery capacity decaying minimum (i.e. capacity retention ratio highest) that
The corresponding pretightning force of one group of lithium battery is optimum preload.
Further, before being grouped in step 1) to tested lithium battery, second first can be carried out to each lithium battery
The charge and discharge cycles for setting number are respectively less than the error amount of any two lithium battery capacities and set error threshold, guarantee lithium battery
Consistency.
So, after obtaining optimum preload, in lithium battery actual moving process, it can be applied it is quantifiable most
Good pretightning force can be improved the service life of battery.
Therefore, this method can be used in the influence test that battery stores circulation even performance under short-term load for a long time.
Based on the above-mentioned technical proposal, a kind of application example is given below.
(1) the power-type ternary 14Ah battery for taking same batch chemical conversion constant volume complete, is automobile-used start and stop power supply power-type lithium
Battery, test use 12 batteries altogether, and number 1#~12#, under ambient temperature (23 ± 2 DEG C), 1C constant-current constant-voltage charging is extremely
Constant-current discharge stands 30min, repeats charge and discharge step cycle 2 and enclose, make any two batteries to 3.0V again after 4.2V, standing 30min
Constant volume capacity difference less than 5%, guarantee good consistency.
(2) with 1C constant-current constant-voltage charging to 4.2V, 30min is stood, with actual capacity tune lotus to 30%SOC (charged shape
State), therefore, before applying pretightning force, guarantee environment temperature as far as possible is room temperature (23 ± 2 DEG C), and all battery charges are all the same,
Capacity difference is less than 5%.
(3) 12 batteries are divided into 4 groups, respectively the pretightning force of given first group of (1#, 2#, 3#) 500N, second group
The pretightning force of (4#, 5#, 6#) 1000N, the pretightning force of third group (7#, 8#, 9#) 2000N, the 4th group (10#, 11#, 12#)
The pretightning force of 3000N.Then 12 are placed at room temperature, carry out 5C/5C (70A) constant current charge-discharge loop test, it can be according to
Unitary variant method is to every group of carry out constant current charge-discharge loop test.When every group of circulating battery to capacity retention ratio is constant volume capacity
Stop test when 80%, then, since given pretightning force is different, the charge and discharge cycles number or DC internal resistance of every group of battery
May be different, therefore, find that the charge and discharge cycles number when capacity retention ratio is the 80% of constant volume capacity is most or direct current in
That the smallest group battery is hindered, the corresponding pretightning force applied of this group of battery is exactly optimum preload.Certainly, as described above,
Other decision conditions can also be used, such as:When charge and discharge cycles number is identical, battery capacity decays minimum or straight
It is minimum to flow internal resistance, then charge and discharge cycles number is at most or battery capacity when DC internal resistance reaches setting internal resistance threshold value
That decays is minimum.
So, influence of the different pretightning forces to circulating battery aging can be obtained according to above-mentioned test process, best pre-
Under the action of clamp force, circulating battery degree of aging is most light.Therefore, when lithium battery is in normal use, it is applied optimal pre-
Clamp force can reduce circulating battery aging speed, improve service life.
In addition, in DC internal resistance test, recording a certain stationary phase with charged for the lithium battery that this test process uses
The voltage U of lithium battery under state0, then, to the lithium battery with electric current I electric discharge setting time, recording voltage U1.Such as battery
State-of-charge be 50%SOC, at this time voltage be U0, test environment temperature is room temperature, battery up to carry out after thermal balance 150A,
Electric current is the pulsed discharge 18s of I, and recording voltage value is U after electric discharge is completed1, terminate after standing 10s, DC internal resistance RDCRMeter
Calculating formula is:
Table 1 gives the test data statistics of above-mentioned four groups of batteries.
Table 1
As shown in Table 1, when capacity retention ratio is the 80% of constant volume capacity, apply the charge and discharge of this group of battery of 1000N
Electric cycle-index is most, then, 1000N is exactly the optimum preload in four groupings, can also be further according to required precision
The verifying range for reducing pretightning force finds more suitable pretightning force, and verification process and the above process are similarly.
Specific embodiment is presented above, but the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.Base of the invention
This thinking is above-mentioned basic scheme, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, various changes are designed in introduction according to the present invention
The model of shape, formula, parameter do not need to spend creative work.It is right without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention
The change, modification, replacement and modification that embodiment carries out are still fallen in protection scope of the present invention.
Lithium battery optimum preload test macro embodiment
The present embodiment provides a kind of lithium battery optimum preload test macros, including pretightning force bringing device, for electricity
Pond applies corresponding pretightning force.Lithium battery optimum preload test method, therefore, this implementation are realized by pretightning force bringing device
What the lithium battery optimum preload test macro that example provides substantially was protected is still lithium battery optimum preload test method.
So, after tested lithium battery is divided at least two groups, each group lithium battery is applied by pretightning force bringing device
Add different size of pretightning force.In the present embodiment, pretightning force bringing device includes clamping plate and torque spanner, and clamping plate is further not
Become rusty steel clamp plate, and torque spanner is the torque spanner of a length of 10mm of the arm of force.As shown in Figure 1, for any one lithium battery 1, by lithium
Battery 1 is arranged among clamping plate 2, is provided with screw on clamping plate 2 and is penetrated hole, by 3 strap 2 of screw, as shown in Fig. 2, 4 are
Battery electrode.Torque spanner tightening screw 3, if being provided with scale on screw 3, screw different scales and just correspond to not
Same pretightning force, then, according to required scale tightening screw 3, apply corresponding pretightning force.As a specific embodiment party
Four screws 3 are arranged on clamping plate for formula, and torque spanner carries out the clamping of identical power according to diagonal line sequence, i.e., as shown in figure 3,
The sequencing screwed to this four screws 3 is:The screw of top-left position, the screw of bottom-right location, upper-right position screw
With the screw of lower left position.
Charge and discharge cycles test finally is carried out to each group lithium battery, the optimal lithium battery group of battery status is found, finds
The corresponding pretightning force applied of lithium battery group is the optimum preload of tested lithium battery.This part in above method embodiment
It gives and describes in detail, just no longer illustrate here.
Based on the above-mentioned technical proposal, a kind of application example is given below.
(1) the power-type ternary 14Ah battery for taking same batch chemical conversion constant volume complete, is automobile-used start and stop power supply power-type lithium
Battery, test use 12 batteries altogether, and number 1#~12#, under ambient temperature (23 ± 2 DEG C), 1C constant-current constant-voltage charging is extremely
Constant-current discharge stands 30min, repeats charge and discharge step cycle 2 and enclose, make any two batteries to 3.0V again after 4.2V, standing 30min
Constant volume capacity difference less than 5%, guarantee good consistency.
(2) with 1C constant-current constant-voltage charging to 4.2V, 30min is stood, with actual capacity tune lotus to 30%SOC (charged shape
State), therefore, before applying pretightning force, guarantee environment temperature as far as possible is room temperature (23 ± 2 DEG C), and all battery charges are all the same,
Capacity difference is less than 5%.
(3) 12 batteries are divided into 4 groups, each battery is clamped using 10mm thickness stainless steel clamping plate, uses torque spanner
The pretightning force of given first group of (1#, 2#, 3#) 500N respectively, the pretightning force of second group of (4#, 5#, 6#) 1000N, third group (7#,
8#, 9#) 2000N pretightning force, the pretightning force of the 4th group of (10#, 11#, 12#) 3000N.Then by 12 be placed at room temperature, into
Row 5C/5C (70A) constant current charge-discharge loop test can survey every group of carry out constant current charge-discharge circulation according to unitary variant method
Examination.Stop test when every group of circulating battery to capacity retention ratio is the 80% of constant volume capacity, then, due to given pretightning force
Therefore difference, the charge and discharge cycles number or the possible difference of DC internal resistance of every group of battery are found when capacity retention ratio is constant volume
Capacity 80% when charge and discharge cycles number is most or that the smallest group battery of DC internal resistance, this group of battery be corresponding to be applied
Pretightning force is exactly optimum preload.Certainly, as described above, there can also be other decision conditions, such as:When charge and discharge follow
When ring number is identical, the minimum perhaps DC internal resistance of battery capacity decaying is minimum again or when DC internal resistance reaches setting internal resistance
When threshold value, the most battery capacities of charge and discharge cycles number decay minimum.
The table 1 in above method embodiment is finally obtained, the optimum preload in four groupings is obtained according to table 1.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lithium battery optimum preload test method, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
1) tested lithium battery is divided at least two groups;
2) different size of pretightning force is applied to each group lithium battery;
3) identical charge and discharge cycles test is carried out to each group lithium battery, finds the optimal lithium battery group of battery status, finds
The corresponding pretightning force applied of lithium battery group is the optimum preload of tested lithium battery.
2. lithium battery optimum preload test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the battery status is best
Corresponding decision condition is:When charge and discharge cycles first set number, battery capacity decaying is minimum, or when charge and discharge follow
DC internal resistance is minimum when ring first sets number, or the charge and discharge cycles number when battery capacity decays to setting capacity threshold
At most, perhaps when battery capacity decays to setting capacity threshold, DC internal resistance is minimum or when DC internal resistance reaches in setting
Charge and discharge cycles number is most when hindering threshold value, or battery capacity decays most when DC internal resistance reaches setting internal resistance threshold value
It is few.
3. lithium battery optimum preload test method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that tested lithium battery
Before grouping, the charge and discharge cycles of the second setting number are first carried out to each lithium battery, make the error amount of any two lithium battery capacities
Respectively less than set error threshold.
4. lithium battery optimum preload test method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the calculating of DC internal resistance
Cheng Wei:
A certain stationary phase is recorded with the voltage U of lithium battery under state-of-charge0, then, when being set to the lithium battery with electric current I electric discharge
Between, recording voltage U1, DC internal resistance RDCRCalculation formula be:
5. a kind of lithium battery optimum preload test macro, which is characterized in that including pretightning force bringing device, first by tested lithium electricity
Pond is divided at least two groups, then applies different size of pretightning force to each group lithium battery by pretightning force bringing device;It is finally right
Each group lithium battery carries out identical charge and discharge cycles test, finds the optimal lithium battery group of battery status, the lithium battery group found
The corresponding pretightning force applied is the optimum preload of tested lithium battery.
6. lithium battery optimum preload test macro according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the battery status is best
Corresponding decision condition is:When charge and discharge cycles first set number, battery capacity decaying is minimum, or when charge and discharge follow
DC internal resistance is minimum when ring first sets number, or the charge and discharge cycles number when battery capacity decays to setting capacity threshold
At most, perhaps when battery capacity decays to setting capacity threshold, DC internal resistance is minimum or when DC internal resistance reaches in setting
Charge and discharge cycles number is most when hindering threshold value, or battery capacity decays most when DC internal resistance reaches setting internal resistance threshold value
It is few.
7. lithium battery optimum preload test macro according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that tested lithium battery
Before grouping, the charge and discharge cycles of the second setting number are first carried out to each lithium battery, make the error amount of any two lithium battery capacities
Respectively less than set error threshold.
8. lithium battery optimum preload test macro according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that the pretightning force is applied
Feeder apparatus includes clamping plate and torque spanner, and screw is provided on clamping plate and penetrates hole, lithium battery is arranged among clamping plate, and passes through spiral shell
Nail is fixed, and torque spanner is used for tightening screw, to apply corresponding pretightning force.
9. lithium battery optimum preload test macro according to claim 8, which is characterized in that four spiral shells are arranged on clamping plate
Nail, torque spanner are to the sequencing screwed of this four screws:The screw of top-left position, the screw of bottom-right location, upper right
The screw of position and the screw of lower left position.
10. lithium battery optimum preload test macro according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the calculating of DC internal resistance
Process is:
A certain stationary phase is recorded with the voltage U of lithium battery under state-of-charge0, then, when being set to the lithium battery with electric current I electric discharge
Between, recording voltage U1, DC internal resistance RDCRCalculation formula be:
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