CN108827830B - Device and method for testing flow performance of high-temperature high-pressure drilling fluid - Google Patents
Device and method for testing flow performance of high-temperature high-pressure drilling fluid Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
- G01N11/14—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing the flow performance of high-temperature high-pressure drilling fluid. The device mainly comprises a fluid pipeline, a temperature control device 1, a pressure sensor, a sampling container 17, a three-phase magnetic driving device 18 and a driving motor 19, wherein a vertical pipe section 3, a horizontal pipe section 4 and an inclined pipe section 2 of the fluid pipeline are connected end to form a triangular drilling fluid circulation system, two ends of a bypass pipe section 5 are connected to the horizontal pipe section 4, the horizontal pipe section between the two ends of the bypass pipe section is a sampling pipe section 6, and the sampling pipe section is connected with the sampling container 17; the driving motor 19 drives the drilling fluid in the fluid pipeline to circularly flow through the three-phase magnetic driving device 18. The device can simulate the flow performance of a deep well and an ultra-deep well in the drilling process, such as the flow speed, the shear rate and the like in the upward return process of drilling fluid under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure. The method is reliable in principle and simple and convenient to operate, and provides experimental and theoretical guidance for drilling fluid flow type judgment and related fluid calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing the flow performance of high-temperature high-pressure drilling fluid in the drilling process in the field of petroleum exploration and development.
Background
In the process of drilling deep wells and ultra-deep wells, the drilling fluid is affected by high temperature and high pressure at the bottom of the well, the volume is smaller, the flow rate is slower, the temperature and the pressure of the drilling fluid become lower along with the well depth and the flow rate become higher along with the process that the drilling fluid returns to the ground from the bottom of the well, and therefore the flow rate, the shearing rate and other flow parameters of the drilling fluid are continuously changed in the upward returning process, and difficulties are brought to fluid calculation and parameter selection of the drilling fluid. Thus, studying the change in flow rate and shear rate of drilling fluids under high temperature and pressure conditions is an extremely important issue in deep and ultra-deep well drilling.
The drilling fluid is in a state of high temperature and high pressure under the well, the flowing performance is greatly affected by the high temperature and high pressure, and the current domestic experimental method for testing the flowing performance of the drilling fluid aims at testing the flowing performance of the drilling fluid at normal temperature and normal pressure or testing the rheological performance of the drilling fluid at a static state in a high-temperature high-pressure kettle.
The patent "a high-temperature high-pressure rheological property tester" (CN 201594064U) mainly carries out the rheological property test of drilling fluid through a high-temperature high-pressure kettle, and does not consider that the drilling fluid is in a flowing circulation state. The patent 'optimization design method for the displacement parameter of the eccentric annulus of the horizontal well' (CN 103277067) measures rheological parameters of the drilling fluid at normal temperature and normal pressure by simulating the state of the eccentric annulus of the horizontal well, and does not consider that the drilling fluid is in a high-temperature and high-pressure state. The patent 'special-shaped tube type drilling fluid rheological property measuring method' (CN 103076263A) is used for automatically measuring rheological property of the drilling fluid on line by flowing the drilling fluid in the special-shaped tube, and the drilling fluid is not considered to be in a high-temperature and high-pressure state.
In general, the current indoor experimental equipment does not comprehensively consider that drilling fluid is in two states of flowing and high temperature and high pressure in a deep well and an ultra-deep well. Therefore, the experimental device and the method for establishing the actual underground drilling fluid flowing state to perform the flowing performance test have very important significance for the flowing performance research of the drilling fluid in the deep well and ultra-deep well drilling process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-temperature high-pressure drilling fluid fluidity testing device which is reliable in principle and simple and convenient to operate, and can simulate the flow properties such as the flow speed, the shear rate and the like in the upward flow process of drilling fluid under the high-temperature high-pressure condition in the well drilling process of deep wells and ultra-deep wells.
The invention also aims to provide a method for testing the flow performance of the high-temperature high-pressure drilling fluid by using the device, which has reliable principle and simple and convenient operation, and simultaneously considers the factors of the pressure and the temperature of the well bore fluid, which are reduced along with the upward return of the drilling fluid, the flow speed is increased, and the like, and the influences of stratum conditions, flow conditions and actual working conditions on the flow rate and the shear rate of the drilling fluid circulation are more perfectly considered.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A high-temperature high-pressure drilling fluid fluidity testing device comprises a fluid pipeline unit, a fluid pipeline heating temperature control unit, a pressure acquisition unit, a sampling unit, a pressure relief unit, a three-phase magnetic driving unit, a gas injection unit and a liquid injection unit.
The fluid pipeline unit comprises a vertical pipe section, a horizontal pipe section, an inclined pipe section, a bypass pipe section and a sampling pipe section, wherein the pipe diameters are 25mm, the maximum bearing pressure is 150MPa, and the temperature resistance limit is 250 ℃. The vertical pipe section, the horizontal pipe section and the inclined pipe section are connected end to form a triangular drilling fluid circulation system, two ends of the bypass pipe section are respectively connected to the horizontal pipe section, and the sampling pipe section is a part of the horizontal pipe section.
The fluid pipeline heating temperature control unit comprises a stainless steel heating ring with the total power of 100KW, a Pt100 temperature sensor, a heat preservation layer, and the heat preservation layer and the stainless steel heating ring cover the whole flow pipe section.
The pressure acquisition unit comprises 4 sets of PID intelligent meters with measuring ranges of 0-120 MPa and accuracy of +/-0.2% FS and 316L diaphragms and communication interfaces, wherein the upper part and the lower part of the vertical pipe section are respectively provided with one set, and the joints of the horizontal pipe section and the bypass pipe section are respectively provided with one set.
The sampling unit comprises a sampling pipe section, 3 high-temperature and high-pressure valves with the speed of 200 ℃/100MPa and a sampling container with the speed of 500mL/100 MPa. And 2 high-temperature and high-pressure valves are arranged between the joints of the horizontal pipe section and the bypass pipe section, a sampling pipe section is arranged between the two valves, the sampling pipe section is connected with the sampling container through the pipe section, and the sampling pipe section is connected with the sampling container through one high-temperature and high-pressure valve.
The pressure relief unit comprises a bypass pipe section and 1 high-temperature high-pressure valve with the speed of 200 ℃/100 MPa.
The three-phase magnetic driving unit comprises a gas, liquid and solid three-phase magnetic driving device and a driving motor, wherein the working pressure of the three-phase magnetic driving device is 100MPa, and the working temperature is 200 ℃. One end of the three-phase magnetic driving device is respectively connected with the gas booster and the nitrogen cylinder, the liquid booster pump and the clean water tank, the other end of the three-phase magnetic driving device is connected with the fluid pipeline, and the driving motor can change the fluid circulation speed through variable frequency speed regulation.
The gas injection unit comprises a nitrogen cylinder, a gas booster with the measuring range of 0-100 MPa and a high-pressure valve with the measuring range of 50 ℃/100 MPa. The nitrogen cylinder is connected with the gas booster through a pipeline, and the gas booster is connected with the three-phase magnetic driving device through a pipeline and a valve.
The liquid injection unit comprises a clean water tank, a liquid booster pump with the measuring range of 0-100 MPa and a high-pressure valve with the measuring range of 50 ℃/100 MPa. The clean water tank is connected with the liquid booster pump through a pipeline, and the liquid booster pump is connected with the three-phase magnetic driving device through a pipeline and a valve.
The method for testing the flow performance of the high-temperature high-pressure drilling fluid by using the device sequentially comprises the following steps of:
(1) Filling the fluid pipeline with drilling fluid and driving the drilling fluid at an initial speed V by a three-phase magnetic driving device Initially, the method comprises The circulating flow direction is vertical pipe section-inclined pipe section-horizontal pipe section-vertical pipe section, the gas booster and the liquid booster pump are started, the pressure is increased according to a certain gas-liquid ratio, the temperature is increased by the temperature control device, the drilling fluid in the fluid pipeline reaches the temperature and the pressure at the deepest stratum, and the drilling fluid is driven by the three-phase magnetic force driving device to form V 0 Is circulated at a speed of (a) and (b);
(2) By three-phase magnetic forceThe driving means measure the shear rate gamma of the drilling fluid flowing at that time 0 ；
(3) Taking out a part of drilling fluid from a sampling pipe section through a sampling container, testing and recording rheological parameters of the drilling fluid, reducing the pressure in a fluid pipeline through a sampling process, reducing the temperature in the fluid pipeline through a temperature control device, thereby establishing the pressure and temperature conditions of the next specific depth in the stratum, and obtaining the speed V of the depth through corresponding calculation 1 The circulating speed of the drilling fluid reaches V through the three-phase magnetic driving device 1 Measuring shear rate gamma of drilling fluid at that depth 1 ；
(4) Repeating the process (3) until the drilling fluid reaches the temperature and pressure of the ground.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the process of simulating high-temperature and high-pressure drilling fluid circulation, the factors of the pressure and the temperature of the well bore fluid, such as the fact that the pressure and the temperature of the well bore fluid are reduced along with the upward return of the drilling fluid, the flow speed is increased, the influences of stratum conditions, flowing conditions and actual working conditions on the flowing speed and the shearing speed of the drilling fluid circulation are considered perfectly, and experimental and theoretical guidance is provided for judging the flow type of the drilling fluid and calculating related fluids.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high temperature, high pressure drilling fluid mobility performance test apparatus.
In the figure: 1-temperature control device, 2-inclined pipe section, 3-vertical pipe section, 4-horizontal pipe section, 5-bypass pipe section, 6-sampling pipe section, 7, 8, 9, 10-high temperature and high pressure valve, 11, 12-high pressure valve, 13, 14, 15, 16-pressure sensor, 17-sampling container, 18-three-phase magnetic driving device, 19-driving motor, 20-nitrogen cylinder, 21-gas booster, 22-liquid booster pump, 23-clean water tank.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples.
See fig. 1.
A high-temperature high-pressure drilling fluid fluidity testing device consists of a fluid pipeline, a temperature control device 1, pressure sensors 13-16, a sampling container 17, a three-phase magnetic driving device 18, a driving motor 19, a gas booster 21, a nitrogen cylinder 20, a liquid booster pump 22 and a clean water tank 23.
The fluid pipeline comprises a vertical pipe section 3, a horizontal pipe section 4, an inclined pipe section 2 and a bypass pipe section 5, wherein the vertical pipe section 3, the horizontal pipe section 4 and the inclined pipe section 2 are connected end to form a triangular drilling fluid circulation system, two ends of the bypass pipe section 5 are respectively connected to the horizontal pipe section 4, and the horizontal pipe section between the two ends of the bypass pipe section is a sampling pipe section 6; the temperature control device 1 comprises a heating ring, a heat preservation layer and a temperature sensor, wherein the heating ring and the heat preservation layer are covered on the whole fluid pipeline; pressure sensors 13-16 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the vertical pipe section 3 and at the left and right connection positions of the horizontal pipe section 4 and the bypass pipe section 5; the sampling pipe section 6 is connected with a sampling container 17, and high-temperature and high-pressure valves 7-10 are arranged at both ends of the sampling pipe section 6, between the sampling pipe section 6 and the sampling container 17 and on the bypass pipe section 5; the three-phase magnetic driving device 18 is respectively connected with a gas booster 21, a nitrogen cylinder 20, a liquid booster pump 22 and a clean water tank 23 through high-pressure valves 12 and 11, and is also connected with a driving motor 19, and the driving motor drives drilling fluid in a fluid pipeline to circularly flow through the three-phase magnetic driving device 18.
Pressure sensors 13 and 14 mounted on the vertical pipe section 3 can collect pressure data at different positions on the vertical pipe section 3, and pressure sensors 15 and 16 mounted at the connection of the horizontal pipe section 4 and the bypass pipe section 5 can collect pressure data at different positions on the horizontal pipe section 4.
The three-phase magnetic driving device drives the circulating flow direction of the drilling fluid to be a vertical pipe section 3, an inclined pipe section 2, a horizontal pipe section 4 and a vertical pipe section 3.
The driving motor 19 changes the fluid circulation speed through variable frequency speed regulation, and the three-phase magnetic driving device 18 collects the data of the drilling fluid flow rate and the shear rate.
The high-temperature and high-pressure valves 7 and 8 are arranged at the two ends of the sampling pipe section, the high-temperature and high-pressure valve 10 is arranged between the sampling pipe section 6 and the sampling container 17, the high-temperature and high-pressure valves 7 and 8 are closed, and the drilling fluid in the sampling pipe section 6 can be placed into the sampling container 17 by opening the high-temperature and high-pressure valve 10 for analyzing the characteristic parameters of the drilling fluid related to the drilling fluid.
And the high-temperature high-pressure valve 9 is arranged on the bypass pipe section 5, and the high-temperature high-pressure valve 9 is opened for pressure relief when pressure relief is needed.
The nitrogen cylinder 20 and the gas booster 21 are connected with the three-phase magnetic driving device 18 through pipelines and the high-pressure valve 12, and can control the fluid flow pressure in the circulating pipe section.
The clean water tank 23 and the liquid booster pump 22 are connected with the three-phase magnetic driving device 18 through pipelines and the high-pressure valve 11, and can control the fluid flow pressure in the circulating pipe section.
The method for testing the flow performance of the high-temperature high-pressure drilling fluid by using the device sequentially comprises the following steps of:
a. early stage preparation of experiment:
installing a horizontal pipe section, a vertical pipe section, an inclined pipe section and related devices, and checking whether the fluid in the nitrogen cylinder and the water storage tank is sufficient or not; setting all valves to be in a closed state; checking whether all instruments work normally.
b. Starting experimental equipment:
opening valves connected with a gas booster, a liquid booster pump and a three-phase magnetic driving device, simultaneously opening two valves on a horizontal pipe section, filling drilling fluid into a flow pipeline and enabling the drilling fluid to circularly flow through the three-phase magnetic driving device, and boosting the fluid pressure in the circulation pipe section to the deepest stratum pressure through the gas booster and the liquid booster pump; opening a switch of the temperature control device, and heating the fluid in the pipeline to a set temperature; the three-phase magnetic driving device is driven by the driving motor to increase the flow velocity of the fluid in the pipeline to a set speed, the gas booster pump and the liquid booster pump are closed, and the temperature control device is closed.
c. And (3) performing a high-temperature high-pressure drilling fluid mobility performance test:
when the pressure data of the 4 pressure sensors and the temperature data of the inclined pipe section temperature control device are stable and equal to the set temperature and pressure at the deepest part of the stratum, the temperature and pressure data at the moment and the flow rate and the shear rate of fluid flow in the pipe section obtained by the three-phase magnetic force driving device are recorded as a first group of data. And then, uniformly taking out a certain volume of drilling fluid from the sampling pipe section every time to simulate the actual condition of pressure reduction of the drilling fluid in the upward return process, simulating the actual condition of formation temperature reduction of the drilling fluid in the upward return process by radiating, analyzing the characteristic parameters of the drilling fluid in each group of experiments by the fluid gas, liquid and solid contents in the sampling container, increasing the fluid speed in the circulating pipe section by using the three-phase magnetic driving device to simulate the actual condition of the drilling fluid with faster flow speed in the upward return process, regulating the circulating flow speed, pressure and temperature of the drilling fluid every time, recording all the pressure, temperature, flow rate and shear rate data as one group of experimental data until the pressure of the well bore fluid is reduced to a set value, and ending the experiments.
d. And (3) finishing experimental results:
and (5) sorting and analyzing the acquired data.
Claims (4)
1. The testing method of the high-temperature high-pressure drilling fluid fluidity testing device is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
(1) Filling the fluid pipeline with drilling fluid and driving the drilling fluid at an initial speed V by a three-phase magnetic driving device Initially, the method comprises The gas booster pump and the liquid booster pump are started, the pressure is increased according to a certain gas-liquid ratio, the temperature is increased through the temperature control device, the drilling fluid in the fluid pipeline reaches the temperature and the pressure at the deepest stratum, and the drilling fluid is driven by the three-phase magnetic force driving device to form a V shape 0 Is circulated at a speed of (a) and (b);
(2) Measuring shear rate gamma of drilling fluid flowing at the moment by three-phase magnetic driving device 0 ；
(3) Taking out a part of drilling fluid from a sampling pipe section through a sampling container, testing and recording rheological parameters of the drilling fluid, reducing the pressure in a fluid pipeline through a sampling process, reducing the temperature in the fluid pipeline through a temperature control device, thereby establishing the pressure and temperature conditions of the next specific depth in the stratum, and enabling the circulation speed of the drilling fluid to reach V through a three-phase magnetic driving device 1 Measuring shear rate gamma of drilling fluid at that depth 1 ；
(4) Repeating the step (3) until the drilling fluid reaches the temperature and pressure of the ground;
the high-temperature high-pressure drilling fluid fluidity testing device consists of a fluid pipeline, a temperature control device (1), a pressure sensor, a sampling container (17), a three-phase magnetic driving device (18), a driving motor (19), a gas booster (21), a nitrogen cylinder (20), a liquid booster pump (22) and a clean water tank (23), wherein the fluid pipeline comprises a vertical pipe section (3), a horizontal pipe section (4), an inclined pipe section (2) and a bypass pipe section (5), the vertical pipe section (3), the horizontal pipe section (4) and the inclined pipe section (2) are connected end to form a triangular drilling fluid circulation system, two ends of the bypass pipe section (5) are respectively connected to the horizontal pipe section (4), and the horizontal pipe section between the two ends of the bypass pipe section is a sampling pipe section (6); the temperature control device (1) comprises a heating ring, a heat preservation layer and a temperature sensor, wherein the heating ring and the heat preservation layer are covered on the whole fluid pipeline; pressure sensors are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the vertical pipe section (3) and at the left and right connection positions of the horizontal pipe section (4) and the bypass pipe section (5); the sampling pipe section (6) is connected with a sampling container (17); the three-phase magnetic force driving device (18) is respectively connected with the gas booster (21) and the liquid booster pump (22), the gas booster (21) is connected with the nitrogen cylinder (20), the liquid booster pump (22) is connected with the clean water tank (23), the three-phase magnetic force driving device (18) is also connected with the driving motor (19), and the driving motor drives drilling fluid in the fluid pipeline to circularly flow through the three-phase magnetic force driving device (18).
2. The method for testing the fluidity performance of the high-temperature and high-pressure drilling fluid according to claim 1, wherein high-temperature and high-pressure valves are arranged at two ends of the sampling pipe section (6) and between the sampling pipe section (6) and the sampling container (17).
3. The method for testing the fluidity performance of the high-temperature and high-pressure drilling fluid according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature and high-pressure valve (9) is arranged on the bypass pipe section (5), and the high-temperature and high-pressure valve (9) is opened for pressure relief when pressure relief is required.
4. The testing method of the high-temperature and high-pressure drilling fluid fluidity testing device according to claim 1, wherein the circulating flow direction of the drilling fluid driven by the three-phase magnetic driving device is vertical pipe section (3), inclined pipe section (2), horizontal pipe section (4) and vertical pipe section (3).
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| CN112082906A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2020-12-15 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Temperature-controlled drilling fluid rheological property automatic on-line measuring device |
| CN112324369B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2023-04-25 | 创升益世(东莞)智能自控有限公司 | Real-time on-site monitoring management system for performance of oil-based water-based drilling fluid |
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| CN113138063B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2022-08-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Phase power device and fluid experimental system |
| US11441989B1 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2022-09-13 | Geolog S.R.L. | Method and apparatus for carrying out rheologic measurements of a drilling mud |
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