CN108823088B - Nucleic acid detection device based on micro-fluidic chip - Google Patents
Nucleic acid detection device based on micro-fluidic chip Download PDFInfo
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- CN108823088B CN108823088B CN201810585805.5A CN201810585805A CN108823088B CN 108823088 B CN108823088 B CN 108823088B CN 201810585805 A CN201810585805 A CN 201810585805A CN 108823088 B CN108823088 B CN 108823088B
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
Abstract
The invention relates to a nucleic acid detection device based on a microfluidic chip, which comprises: the chip chamber is used for loading a chip and comprises a chip chamber upper cover, a chip chamber middle ring and a chip chamber lower ring which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and the chip chamber also comprises a motor and two sample adding pumps which are arranged on one side of the chip chamber, wherein the motor drives the sample adding pumps to act so as to add nucleic acid samples into the reaction chip; the heat radiator is arranged on one side of the chip chamber and used for cooling the reaction chamber so as to control the temperature of the reaction chamber within a preset range; the reaction test is completed by controlling the rotating speed and the temperature of the reaction chip and controlling the motor; the FTA card comprises an upper chip layer, a lower chip layer and a middle chip layer, wherein the upper chip layer, the middle chip layer and the lower chip layer are sequentially arranged, and the FTA card is arranged in the middle chip layer. The device has high automation degree, and the operator can realize the detection of nucleic acid only by single sample adding, thereby having high control precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nucleic acid detection, in particular to a nucleic acid detection device based on a microfluidic chip.
Background
In the prior art, with the rapid development of gene sequencing technology, gene sequencing has been developed from traditional gene chip sequencing to current high-throughput gene sequencing. Currently, gene sequencing systems and devices have made great progress in various aspects, but their development is still in the initial stage, and various aspects still need continuous improvement and innovation.
A gene sequencing device in the prior art is an instrument for measuring gene sequences, and comprises a data processing device and a nucleic acid detection device. The data processing device is connected with the nucleic acid detection device and used for providing a user interface, controlling the work of the nucleic acid detection device according to a control instruction and displaying the work state of the nucleic acid detection device; the nucleic acid detection device is used for carrying out gene sequencing. Wherein the nucleic acid detecting apparatus comprises: the sequencing reaction chamber is connected with the liquid transmission component, the temperature control component and the displacement component respectively and is used for carrying out sequencing reaction; the liquid transmission component is used for transmitting liquid to the sequencing reaction chamber according to a control instruction; the temperature control assembly is used for adjusting the temperature of the sequencing reaction chamber; the displacement assembly is used for adjusting the position of the sequencing reaction chamber; the image acquisition component is used for acquiring a sequencing image of the sequencing reaction chamber. In this technical solution, the user can only know the operating state of each component of the nucleic acid detecting apparatus by operating the data processing apparatus, which is inconvenient to use.
However, the nucleic acid detecting apparatus in the related art can mix and detect only a single kind of nucleic acid, and particularly cannot automatically control different reagents for different reaction temperatures and times so that different nucleic acids automatically react according to actual reaction timing and temperatures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nucleic acid detection device based on a microfluidic chip, which is used for overcoming the technical defects.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a nucleic acid detecting apparatus based on a microfluidic chip, comprising: the chip chamber is used for loading a chip and comprises a chip chamber upper cover, a chip chamber middle ring and a chip chamber lower ring which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and the chip chamber also comprises a motor and two sample adding pumps which are arranged on one side of the chip chamber, wherein the motor drives the sample adding pumps to act so as to add nucleic acid samples into the reaction chip;
the heat radiator is arranged on one side of the chip chamber and used for cooling the reaction chamber so as to control the temperature of the reaction chamber within a preset range; the reaction test is completed by controlling the rotating speed and the temperature of the reaction chip and controlling the motor;
including chip upper strata, chip lower floor and chip middle level, chip upper strata, chip middle level and chip lower floor set up in order, set up the FTA card in the chip middle level, the chip middle level includes: a sample chamber unit disposed at an intermediate position, storing the added nucleic acid sample, and equally dividing the nucleic acid sample under rotation; a first siphon valve communicating with the sample chamber unit and introducing the nucleic acid sample into the reaction chamber unit by a siphon phenomenon; a reaction chamber unit which is provided at an edge position and mixes a nucleic acid sample with a reagent to perform a nucleic acid reaction, the reaction chamber of the reaction chamber unit being further communicated with a second siphon valve; a reagent storage and introduction unit which is communicated with the reaction chamber unit and in which a reaction reagent is stored, wherein after the nucleic acid sample is introduced into the reaction chamber unit, the reaction reagent is introduced into the reaction chamber unit so that the reaction reagent reacts with the nucleic acid sample;
the sample chamber unit comprises a sample chamber arranged in the middle, a sample shunting channel communicated with the sample chamber and arranged on the periphery of the sample chamber, and at least three sample aliquot chambers arranged on the outer side of the sample shunting channel and communicated with the sample shunting channel, wherein a nucleic acid sample is subjected to centrifugal force from the sample chamber at a first preset rotating speed, is discharged into the sample shunting channel, flows in the sample shunting channel, continues to move outwards under the action of the centrifugal force, and respectively enters each sample aliquot chamber.
Further, the device still includes and carries out abluent washing liquid to the reaction chip, adds the sample or adds the washing liquid to the reaction chip through adding the appearance pipe, the output of motor sets up first band pulley, is connected with the second band pulley through the drive belt, and the second band road is connected with a rotation axis, and the rotation axis is connected with the chip tray and drives the chip tray rotatory according to predetermineeing the speed.
Furthermore, the chip is arranged in the middle ring of the chip chamber, a supporting plate is arranged between the middle ring of the chip chamber and the lower ring of the chip chamber, and a refrigerating module and a heating module are arranged on the supporting plate and used for controlling the temperature of the reaction chip on the upper side of the supporting plate; a first heat exchange fin and a second heat exchange fin are arranged on the supporting plate, and heating fins are arranged on the two heat exchange fins; the first refrigeration module is arranged on the supporting plate and is communicated with the heat conduction circulating pump through a connecting pipe, and the heat conduction circulating pump is communicated with the second refrigeration module.
Furthermore, the sample chamber is of an eccentric structure, the nucleic acid samples are collected to the side with the larger diameter in the rotating process of the sample chamber, and the nucleic acid samples are collected to the direction of the notch and flow to the sample shunting channel from the notch;
the outer side wall of the sample chamber is an arc-shaped wall, the outer side wall of the sample chamber gradually extends towards the circle center side from the opening along the clockwise direction to form an eccentric structure of the sample chamber, and the end part of the arc-shaped wall is the position closest to the circle center of the sample chamber.
Further, the nucleic acid sample flows upwards to the sample shunting channel through the gap, a step surface is arranged between the sample shunting channel and the sample chamber, the height of the sample shunting channel is higher than that of the sample chamber, and meanwhile, the height of the sample equal-division chamber is higher than that of the sample shunting channel.
Further, the tail end of each sample halving chamber is connected and communicated with a first siphon valve for introducing the nucleic acid sample in the sample halving chamber into the reaction chamber, when the sample chamber rotates at a first preset speed, the nucleic acid sample enters the sample halving chamber, and the redundant sample enters a first waste liquid chamber through a first liquid guide pipe arranged at the tail end of the sample diversion channel; the sample chamber stops rotating and the sample in the sample aliquoting chamber flows into and fills the first siphon valve.
Further, first siphon valve include with sample partition room intercommunication and the first siphon section of outside extension, with first siphon section intercommunication and along the second siphon section that circumference was arranged, with the third siphon section intercommunication that second siphon section intercommunication and inside extension extended, set up side by side with the third siphon section and the fourth siphon section of outside extension, be the arc section between third siphon section and fourth siphon section, it realizes the transition between third siphon section and fourth siphon section, still include the fifth siphon section that inclines to outside extension with fourth siphon section intercommunication, with the sixth siphon section of radial outside extension of fifth siphon section intercommunication, the end of sixth siphon section with the first reservoir intercommunication of reaction chamber.
Further, the reagent storage introduction unit includes a paraffin chamber near a central portion, in which paraffin is loaded, as a driving source at a low temperature; and one end of the paraffin chamber is also communicated with a third exhaust channel for exhausting the gas in the paraffin chamber.
Further, the paraffin chamber is connected with the two branches which are arranged side by side, wherein a first mineral oil chamber is arranged on the first branch, mineral oil is loaded in the first mineral oil chamber and is communicated with the second siphon valve through a second communication pipeline, and after paraffin is heated, the mineral oil flows to the second siphon valve along the second communication pipeline and is filled with the second siphon valve to block one end of the reaction chamber.
Further, a second mineral oil chamber, a reagent chamber and a primer chamber are sequentially arranged on the second branch from inside to outside along the radial direction of the chip, the second mineral oil chamber, the reagent chamber and the primer chamber are communicated through pipelines, mineral oil, an LAMP reagent and primers are respectively stored in the second mineral oil chamber, one end of the primer chamber is communicated with the reaction chamber through a third pipeline, and when paraffin is heated, the mineral oil is pushed to flow, so that the mineral oil pushes the LAMP reagent and the primers to enter the reaction chamber.
Compared with the prior art, the reaction chip has the advantages that the reaction chip comprises a sample chamber unit arranged in the middle position, stores the added nucleic acid sample, and equally divides the nucleic acid sample under the rotation action; at least two first siphon valves communicating with the sample chamber unit and introducing a nucleic acid sample into the reaction chamber unit by a siphon phenomenon, wherein the first siphon valves are disposed on a lower side of the layer in the chip; and a reaction chamber unit which is arranged at the edge position of the middle layer of the chip and is communicated with the reagent storage and introduction unit. The chip can realize the function of nucleic acid detection, can detect various blood viruses, has high automation degree, and can realize the detection of nucleic acid only by single sample adding of an operator; a single chip can detect multiple virus nucleic acids simultaneously, and researchers can increase or decrease detection units according to actual use requirements; the integrated sample pretreatment system on the chip has low requirements on the skills of operators and the environment for use, and does not need a special nucleic acid detection laboratory; a paraffin valve and a capillary valve are designed on the chip, and the opening and closing of the valves can be realized by controlling the temperature and the rotating speed, so that the sequential flow of different samples is controlled; the temperature control system arranged on the detection equipment can realize temperature control aiming at LAMP reaction and PCR reaction, the temperature required by LAMP reaction is kept at 65 ℃, the PCR reaction needs to realize periodic change of the temperature, and the heating chip and the cooling chip are informed to realize the alternate change of the temperature under the combined action.
Particularly, the sample chamber has an eccentric structure by arranging the involute shape on the side wall of the sample chamber, so that the movement of the nucleic acid sample under the centrifugal action is enhanced, and particularly, the nucleic acid sample in the flow rapidly rushes into the sample shunting channel in a superfine narrow channel by forming gaps at two ends of the involute-shaped side wall of the sample chamber so as to rapidly shunt the nucleic acid sample. Furthermore, the height that the sample shunted the passageway is higher than the height of sample room, and simultaneously, the height that the sample partition room is higher than the height that the sample shunted the passageway, through setting up the structure that rises in proper order, avoid the nucleic acid sample to produce irregular flow when not rotating, moreover, through the structure that rises gradually, can be convenient realize appointed and nucleic acid sample flow through the rotational speed of control sample room, if discharge the nucleic acid sample into sample partition passageway from the sample room through first predetermined rotational speed, discharge sample partition passageway into sample partition room through second predetermined rotational speed, convenient control.
Further, the first siphon valve of the present invention extends from the sample aliquoting chamber through to the radially inner side of the chip and the radially outer side of the chip until communicating with the reaction chamber; the second siphon valve extends from the reaction chamber to the radial inner side and the radial outer side of the chip until the second siphon valve is communicated with the second waste liquid chamber. According to the invention, a nucleic acid sample enters a sample halving chamber at a first preset speed, the sample enters a first siphon valve by stopping, the sample of the first siphon valve enters a reaction chamber at a second preset speed, waste liquid enters a second siphon valve by the second preset speed, the waste liquid is filled in the second siphon valve by stopping, and the sample of the second siphon valve is discharged into a second waste liquid chamber by a third preset speed.
Furthermore, the paraffin wax is melted at low temperature and high temperature, the reaction reagent and the primer are respectively stored and blocked, the reaction reagent and the primer are pushed to enter the reaction chamber for reaction, and meanwhile, the mineral oil at the two ends of the reaction chamber is used for blocking, so that the normal reaction of the reaction chamber is ensured. Because only need can accomplish the state conversion through the heating, the automatic reaction that reacts, simultaneously, set up the second siphon valve on reaction chip middle level, the mineral oil of one of them branch road passes through the second siphon valve shutoff reaction chamber from one end, and another branch road pushes reaction reagent and primer into the reaction chamber reaction under paraffin promotes to through the mineral oil shutoff, realize automatic reaction, self-sealing's effect.
Further, in the invention, a first siphon valve for introducing a nucleic acid sample is arranged on the bottom surface of the middle layer of the chip, a reagent storage and introduction unit for storing and introducing a reaction reagent and a second siphon valve are arranged on the top surface of the middle layer of the chip, and liquid introduction structures are arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the middle layer of the chip, so that the space of the middle layer of the chip is saved, meanwhile, the interference among liquids is avoided, and the reaction control is accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper layer of the chip of the microfluidic chip-based nucleic acid detection device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower layer of the microfluidic chip-based nucleic acid detection device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the chip of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a layer in a chip of the microfluidic chip-based nucleic acid detecting device according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a layer in a chip with a first siphon valve of the microfluidic chip-based nucleic acid detecting apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a layer in a chip of the microfluidic chip-based nucleic acid detecting device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a sample cell unit of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a first siphon valve according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a reagent storage and introduction unit in a layer of a chip according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of a reaction chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a first schematic diagram of a chip reaction according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a second schematic diagram of a chip reaction according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a third schematic diagram of a chip reaction according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a fourth schematic diagram of a chip reaction according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of a nucleic acid detecting apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a half-sectional structure of a nucleic acid detecting apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of a temperature control module of the nucleic acid detecting apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The above and further features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms of direction or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Please refer to fig. 1, 2, and 3, which are schematic structural diagrams of an upper chip layer and a lower chip layer of the nucleic acid detecting device based on a microfluidic chip according to the present invention, and a schematic structural diagram of the whole chip, respectively. The whole structure of the chip of this embodiment includes chip upper strata 1, chip lower floor 3 and chip middle floor 2, and chip upper strata 1, chip middle floor 2 and chip lower floor 3 set up in order to set up FTA card 4 and the relevant structure of loading reagent, nucleic acid in chip middle floor 2. An upper layer positioning hole 13 is arranged on the upper layer 1 of the chip, a lower layer positioning hole 33 is arranged on the lower layer 3 of the chip, and the three layers of chips are fixed into a whole through positioning pieces. The upper layer 1 of the chip is provided with an upper layer exhaust hole 12 for exhausting gas in the chip. The middle part of the upper layer chip 1 is also provided with a sample adding hole 11 for adding a nucleic acid sample into the layer 2 of the chip, and the chip mixes the nucleic acid with a reagent to be added through rotation.
Fig. 4, 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams showing a first structure of a layer in a chip, a structure of a layer in a chip with a first siphon valve, and a second structure of a layer in a chip of a nucleic acid detecting device based on a microfluidic chip according to the present invention. The chip layer 2 of the present embodiment includes: a sample chamber unit 21 disposed at an intermediate position, which stores the added nucleic acid sample and equally divides the nucleic acid sample under rotation; at least two first siphon valves 26 communicating with the sample chamber unit and introducing the nucleic acid sample into the reaction chamber unit by a siphon phenomenon, wherein the first siphon valves 26 are provided on the lower side of the layer 2 in the chip; a reaction chamber unit provided at an edge position of the layer 2 in the chip, which mixes the nucleic acid sample with the reagent and performs a nucleic acid reaction; a reagent storage and introduction unit 25 which communicates with the reaction chamber unit and in which a reaction reagent is stored, and which introduces the nucleic acid sample into the reaction chamber unit and then introduces the reaction reagent into the reaction chamber unit so that the reaction reagent reacts with the nucleic acid sample.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a sample cell according to the present invention; the sample cell unit comprises a sample cell 211 arranged at a middle position, a sample diversion channel 212 communicated with the sample cell and arranged at the periphery of the sample cell, and a plurality of sample aliquot chambers 213 arranged at the outer side of the sample diversion channel and communicated with the sample diversion channel; the nucleic acid sample in this embodiment is centrifuged at a certain rotation speed from the sample chamber 211, discharged into the sample distribution channel 212, flowed through the sample distribution channel 212, and moved outward by the centrifugal force to enter the sample aliquot chambers 213. Of course, the sample aliquoting chamber 213 of this embodiment is provided with at least three, such as four, five, six, to achieve the sample aliquoting effect of this embodiment, and to achieve the sequential and separate addition of multiple nucleic acid samples in this embodiment.
With continued reference to fig. 7, to further enhance the movement of the sample chamber 211 under the off-line force, the sample chamber 211 of this embodiment has an eccentric structure, i.e., the horizontal cross-section of the sample chamber 211 is elliptical to enhance the centrifugal effect. The nucleic acid sample is collected to the larger diameter side during the rotation of the sample chamber 211, and in this embodiment, the nucleic acid sample is collected in the direction of the slit 215 and flows from there to the sample distribution channel 212. The outer sidewall 210 of the sample chamber 211 is an arc-shaped wall, and the outer sidewall of the sample chamber gradually extends from the notch 215 to the center side in the clockwise direction to form an eccentric structure of the sample chamber, and the end 214 of the arc-shaped wall 210 is the position closest to the center of the sample chamber. Referring to FIG. 6, the nucleic acid sample flows upward to the sample distribution channel 212 through the gap 215, in this embodiment, a step surface 216 is disposed between the sample distribution channel 212 and the sample chamber 211, the height of the sample distribution channel 212 is higher than that of the sample chamber 211, and the height of the sample aliquot chamber 213 is higher than that of the sample distribution channel 212. In this embodiment, the sample aliquoting chamber 213 is a rectangular groove with an arc-shaped end, and of course, an elliptical groove or a rectangular groove is also provided, and an arc-shaped structure is provided at the end, so that on one hand, the nucleic acid sample can be buffered in a certain way under the centrifugal action, and on the other hand, more nucleic acid samples can be accommodated by the arc-shaped structure, so as to meet the actual requirement.
In this embodiment, the sample diversion channel 212 is a multi-half ring, and a first liquid guide tube 217 is disposed at a distal end of the multi-half ring, as shown in fig. 4, a distal end of the first liquid guide tube 217 is communicated with the first waste liquid chamber 202, and the first waste liquid chamber 202 is used for loading waste liquid. The first exhaust channel 243 is provided at the edge of the first waste liquid chamber 202, and since the sample chamber is a chip middle layer and sealed up and down, the first exhaust channel is provided to discharge high-pressure gas when the nucleic acid sample flows, thereby ensuring smooth dispersion of the nucleic acid sample.
Specifically, the sample chamber side wall of the sample chamber is provided with an involute shape, so that the sample chamber has an eccentric structure, the movement of a nucleic acid sample under the centrifugal action is enhanced, and particularly, gaps are formed at two ends of the involute-shaped sample chamber side wall, so that the flowing nucleic acid sample quickly flows into a sample shunting channel in a superfine narrow channel, and the nucleic acid sample is quickly shunted. Furthermore, the height that the sample shunted the passageway is higher than the height of sample room, simultaneously, the height that the sample partition room is higher than the height that the sample shunted the passageway, through setting up the structure that rises in proper order, avoid the nucleic acid sample to produce irregular flow when not rotating, moreover, through the structure that rises gradually, the rotational speed through controlling the sample room that can be convenient realizes appointed nucleic acid sample flow, if discharge the nucleic acid sample into sample partition passageway from the sample room through first predetermined rotational speed, discharge sample partition room into the sample partition room through the second predetermined rotational speed, convenient control.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a first siphon valve according to the present invention; the end of each sample aliquot chamber 213 is connected to and communicated with a first siphon valve for introducing the nucleic acid sample in the sample aliquot chamber 213 into the reaction chamber 257, after the chip is rotated at a first predetermined speed, the nucleic acid sample enters the sample aliquot chamber 213, and the excess sample enters the first waste chamber 202. The chip stops rotating and the sample in the sample aliquoting chamber flows into and fills the first siphon valve 26, whereas when the chip rotates at a first preset speed, the sample cannot fill the first siphon valve due to the centrifugal force. The chip of the invention prevents the sample from flowing disorderly by rotating and stopping in sequence. In order to make the amount of the nucleic acid sample stored in the first siphon valve 26 equal to the amount of the stored liquid in the sample halving chamber 213, i.e. the reaction requirement of the reaction chamber 257, the first siphon valve 26 of the present embodiment is provided with a bent structure, which can further enhance the siphon effect. The first siphon valve 26 includes a first siphon segment 261 communicated with the sample aliquoting chamber 213 and extending to the outside of the chip, a second siphon segment 262 communicated with the first siphon segment 261 and arranged along the circumferential direction of the chip, a third siphon segment 263 communicated with the second siphon segment 262 and extending to the inside of the chip, a fourth siphon segment 264 juxtaposed with the third siphon segment 263 and extending to the outside of the chip, an arc-shaped segment between the third siphon segment and the fourth siphon segment, which makes a transition between the third siphon segment and the fourth siphon segment, a fifth siphon segment 265 communicated with the fourth siphon segment 264 and extending obliquely to the outside of the chip, a sixth siphon segment 266 communicated with the fifth siphon segment 265 and extending radially to the outside of the chip, and a tip of the sixth siphon segment 266 is communicated with the first reservoir 2571 of the reaction chamber 257. The first reservoir 2571 serves as a terminal of the first siphon valve 26, and the nucleic acid sample fills the entire first siphon valve 26 by the siphon principle after the rotation of the chip is stopped at the first predetermined rotation speed. The chip rotates at a second predetermined speed, and due to the centrifugal force, the nucleic acid sample in the first siphon valve 26 enters the reaction chamber 257 via the first reservoir 2571, and the FTA card 4 extracts and adsorbs the nucleic acid sample in the sample. The chip stops rotating, the sample in the reaction chamber 257 flows into the second siphon valve 27, the chip rotates at the third preset speed, and the liquid in the reaction chamber 257 flows into the second waste chamber 201.
With continued reference to fig. 8, the second siphon valve 27 of the present embodiment includes a seventh siphon segment 274 communicating with the reaction chamber 257 and extending radially toward the outer layer of the chip, an eighth siphon segment 273 communicating with the seventh siphon segment 274 and extending circumferentially of the chip, a ninth siphon segment 272 communicating with the eighth siphon segment 273 and extending radially inward of the chip, and a tenth siphon segment 271 arranged side by side and extending radially outward of the chip, wherein a transition arc segment is further arranged between the ninth siphon segment and the tenth siphon segment, and a terminal end of the tenth siphon segment 271 communicates with the second waste chamber 201. Referring to fig. 4, since the second waste liquid chamber 201 of the present embodiment collects the waste liquid from which the acid sample is extracted, the amount of the collected waste liquid is large, the second waste liquid chamber 201 is an annular groove, and a second exhaust channel 242 is further provided at one end of the annular groove 201 so that the liquid can enter the second waste liquid chamber. As shown in fig. 9, a temporary reservoir 2421 is further provided at a communication position of the second waste liquid chamber 201 and the second air exhaust passage 242 to smoothly exhaust air. A second communication line 254 communicating with the reagent storage introduction unit is further provided to the tenth siphon section 271.
Specifically, the first siphon valve of the present embodiment extends from the sample aliquoting chamber to the radially inner side and the radially outer side of the chip until communicating with the reaction chamber; the second siphon valve extends from the reaction chamber to the radial inner side and the radial outer side of the chip until the second siphon valve is communicated with the second waste liquid chamber. According to the invention, a nucleic acid sample enters a sample halving chamber at a first preset speed, the sample enters a first siphon valve by stopping, the sample of the first siphon valve enters a reaction chamber at a second preset speed, waste liquid enters a second siphon valve by the second preset speed, the waste liquid is filled in the second siphon valve by stopping, and the sample of the second siphon valve is discharged into a second waste liquid chamber by a third preset speed. The two siphon valves are grooves formed in the upper surface and the lower surface of the middle layer 2 of the chip, and mutual interference is avoided.
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a reagent storage and introduction unit in a layer of a chip according to the present invention; the reagent storage and introduction unit 25 of the embodiment can store LAMP or PCR reaction reagents and primers, is sealed by vegetable oil, is pushed by melted paraffin, is stored in the groove when the paraffin melting temperature cannot be reached, pushes the LAMP or PCR reaction reagents and primers into the reaction chamber after paraffin is heated and melted, and enables the LAMP or PCR reaction reagents and primers to smoothly react in the reaction chamber through vegetable oil plugging. Specifically, the reagent storage introduction unit 25 includes a paraffin chamber 251 near the center of the chip, in which paraffin is loaded and which serves as a drive source at low temperatures; one end of the paraffin chamber 251 is also communicated with a third exhaust channel 241 for exhausting the gas in the paraffin chamber 251; the paraffin chamber 251 is connected with two branches which are arranged side by side, wherein a first mineral oil chamber 252 is arranged on a first branch, mineral oil is loaded in the first mineral oil chamber 252 and is communicated with a second siphon valve 27 through a second communication pipeline 254, after paraffin is heated, the mineral oil flows to the second siphon valve 27 along the second communication pipeline 254 and is filled in the second siphon valve 27 to seal one end of the reaction chamber 257, in the embodiment, the first mineral oil chamber 252 is arranged along the direction which is far away from the center of the chip relative to the paraffin chamber 251, and the second communication pipeline 254 is arranged along the direction which is far away from the center of the chip relative to the first mineral oil chamber 252, so when the chip rotates, the mineral oil can flow along the radial centrifugal force direction of the chip. The second mineral oil chamber 253, the reagent chamber 255 and the primer chamber 256 are sequentially arranged on the second branch from inside to outside along the radial direction of the chip and are communicated through pipelines, mineral oil, LAMP reagents and primers are respectively stored in the second branch, one end of the primer chamber 256 is communicated with the reaction chamber 257 through a third pipeline 258, the mineral oil is pushed to flow when paraffin is heated, the mineral oil pushes the LAMP reagents and the primers to enter the reaction chamber, and the mineral oil is blocked in the pipeline outside the reaction chamber to ensure the normal reaction of the reaction chamber.
Specifically, the paraffin wax is melted at low temperature and high temperature, the blocking reaction reagent and the primer are stored and blocked respectively, the reaction reagent and the primer are pushed to enter the reaction chamber for reaction, and meanwhile, the mineral oil at the two ends of the reaction chamber is used for blocking, so that the normal reaction of the reaction chamber is ensured. Because only need can accomplish the state conversion through the heating, the automatic reaction that reacts, simultaneously, set up the second siphon valve on reaction chip middle level, the mineral oil of one of them branch road passes through the second siphon valve shutoff reaction chamber from one end, and another branch road pushes reaction reagent and primer into the reaction chamber reaction under paraffin promotes to through the mineral oil shutoff, realize automatic reaction, self-sealing's effect.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a reaction chamber according to the present invention; the reaction chamber 257 is communicated with a first siphon valve 26 for introducing a nucleic acid sample, a reagent storing and introducing unit for introducing a reaction reagent and a primer, and a second siphon valve 27 for discharging a waste liquid and blocking, respectively, to introduce the respective components in sequence, thereby carrying out a reaction.
Please refer to fig. 11-14, which are schematic diagrams illustrating the chip reaction according to the present invention; the chip reaction process in the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
step a, adding a nucleic acid sample to a sample chamber 211 in a layer 2 of a chip in a sample adding hole 11 of a layer 1 of the chip;
b, rotating the chip at a first preset rotating speed, sequentially discharging the nucleic acid sample from the sample chamber into the sample shunting channel and the sample equal-dividing chamber, and allowing the redundant nucleic acid sample to enter the first waste liquid chamber;
c, stopping the rotation of the chip, enabling the sample in the sample halving chamber to flow into a first siphon valve, and opening the first siphon valve;
d, the chip rotates in a second preset mode, liquid in the sample equal division chamber enters the reaction chamber through the first siphon valve under the action of centrifugal force due to the action of centrifugal force, and the FTA card extracts and adsorbs nucleic acid in the sample;
step e, stopping the rotation of the chip, enabling the nucleic acid sample waste liquid in the reaction chamber to flow into a second siphon valve in the second siphon valve to open, enabling the chip to rotate at a third preset speed, and enabling the nucleic acid sample waste liquid in the reaction chamber to flow into a second waste liquid chamber through the second siphon valve under the action of centrifugal force;
f, automatically adding a first cleaning solution and a second cleaning solution to the middle layer of the chip according to the steps a-e, and sequentially circulating and cleaning the FTA card according to the sample shunting channel, the sample equal-dividing chamber and the second siphon valve;
step g, the chip rotates and heats according to a fourth preset speed, paraffin is melted, the paraffin in the second branch pushes LAMP or PCR reaction reagents and primers to flow into the reaction chamber, the reaction chamber is sealed through mineral oil, the paraffin pushes the mineral oil in the first branch to enter a second siphon valve, and the waste liquid chamber is sealed;
and h, heating the chip to a temperature suitable for LAMP or PCR reaction, detecting by using fluorescence after the reaction is finished, and reading a reaction result.
In the invention, the first siphon valve for introducing the nucleic acid sample is arranged on the bottom surface of the middle layer of the chip, the reagent storage and introduction unit for storing and introducing the reaction reagent and the second siphon valve are arranged on the top surface of the middle layer of the chip, and the liquid introduction structures are arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the middle layer of the chip, so that the space of the middle layer of the chip is saved, meanwhile, the interference among liquids is avoided, and the reaction control is accurate.
FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of the nucleic acid detecting apparatus according to the present invention; the device of the embodiment comprises: a chip chamber for loading chips, the chip chamber comprising a chip chamber upper cover 51, a chip chamber middle ring 52 and a chip chamber lower ring 54, which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the device also comprises a motor 57 and two sample adding pumps 56 which are arranged on one side of the chip chamber, wherein the motor 57 drives the sample adding pumps 56 to act so as to add nucleic acid samples into the reaction chip; the device also comprises a radiator 50 arranged on one side of the chip chamber, and the radiator is used for cooling the reaction chamber so as to control the temperature of the reaction chamber within a preset range; the reaction test device further comprises a controller 6, wherein the controller is provided with a display screen 61 and a control button 62, and the controller completes a reaction test through controlling the rotating speed, the temperature and the motor of the reaction chip. The chamber of this embodiment is disposed on a base 58, and the lower end of the base is provided with support legs 59 for supporting the base. Meanwhile, a camera 531 for recording the reaction chip, and an ultraviolet light source 53 are provided on the chip chamber upper cover 51.
FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing a half-sectional structure of a nucleic acid detecting apparatus according to the present invention; the apparatus of this embodiment further includes a cleaning solution 71 for cleaning the reaction chip, and the cleaning solution is applied or added to the reaction chip through an application tube 561. The output end of the motor 57 of this embodiment is provided with a first belt wheel 571, which is connected with a second belt wheel 573 through a belt 572, the second belt wheel is connected with a rotating shaft 576, the rotating shaft 576 is connected with the chip tray 521 and drives the chip tray 521 to rotate according to a preset speed, and the reaction chip of this embodiment is fixed on the chip tray. A positioning sensor 63 is arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft 576, and the position of the rotating shaft is detected to ensure the accuracy and stability of the movement of the rotating shaft; a bearing 574 is provided on the rotating shaft to support the rotating shaft, and a conductive slip ring 575 is provided on the rotating shaft to allow a conductive wire to pass therethrough. In order to monitor the temperature of the reaction chip in real time, a temperature sensor 64 is provided on the chip tray to detect the temperature of the reaction chip in real time.
FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature control module of the nucleic acid detecting apparatus according to the present invention; in this embodiment, the reaction chip is disposed in the middle ring 52 of the chip chamber, and a support plate is disposed between the middle ring 52 of the chip chamber and the lower ring 54 of the chip chamber, and a cooling module and a heating module are disposed on the support plate to control the temperature of the reaction chip on the upper side thereof. First heat exchange fins 82 and second heat exchange fins 84 are provided on the support plate, and heating fins 83 are provided on both heat exchange fins; a first refrigeration module 85 is arranged on the support plate; the first refrigeration module 85 is also communicated with a heat conduction circulating pump 86 through a connecting pipe 80, and the heat conduction circulating pump 86 is communicated with a second refrigeration module 88; a circulation fan 81 is further included to generate air convection for cooling or heating.
Specifically, the two heating modules and the refrigerating module are both connected with the controller, the temperature sensor transmits a real-time detection result to the controller, and the temperature of the reaction chip is controlled by controlling the heating modules and the refrigerating module so as to realize paraffin melting and other operations; meanwhile, the controller controls the starting and stopping of the motor, controls the adding of the sample and the rotation of the reaction chip, and further controls the reaction process.
In order to control the temperature more accurately, in this embodiment, a set of three temperature sensors is disposed on the chip tray, the three temperature sensors respectively detect the temperatures of the reaction chips and transmit the temperatures to the controller, the controller 6 is disposed with a selection module, and the selection module determines the first comparison value P21 of the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor according to the following average value operation formula:
in the formula, P21 represents a first comparison value of the positions of the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, r1 represents a real-time sampling value of the first temperature sensor, and r2 represents a real-time sampling value of the second temperature sensor; r3 represents the real-time sampled value of the third temperature sensor; t denotes the mean square error operation and I denotes the integration operation.
Wherein I represents an arbitrary integral operation based on a quadratic function, the above formula is to obtain ratio information of the integral, and the following two formulas are the same, for example, based on the function y ═ ax2, in the case that x takes the value (a, b), a < b is an arbitrary value.
The basic algorithm of the above average operation is: the method comprises the steps of carrying out integral operation and mean square error operation on all values in a certain time period by obtaining position values of all sampling points in the certain time period, and then obtaining a ratio to obtain a comparative average value.
The selected module judges the second comparison value P31 of the first temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor according to the following formula:
in the formula, P31 represents a second comparison value of the positions of the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, r1 represents a real-time sampling value of the first temperature sensor, and r2 represents a real-time sampling value of the second temperature sensor; r3 represents the real-time sampled value of the third temperature sensor; t denotes the mean square error operation and I denotes the integration operation.
The selected module judges a third comparison value P23 of the second temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor according to the following formula:
in the formula, P23 represents the second temperature sensor and the third comparison value of the second temperature sensor, r1 represents the real-time sampling value of the first temperature sensor, and r2 represents the real-time sampling value of the second temperature sensor; r3 represents the real-time sampled value of the third temperature sensor; t denotes the mean square error operation and I denotes the integration operation.
The difference values of the three comparison values are obtained and compared through the P21, the P31 and the P23 obtained in the mode, whether the difference value exceeds the threshold value P stored in the selected module or not is judged, if one difference value exceeds the threshold value P, the temperature is deviated, the reaction chip needs to be heated and regulated again, so that the deviation caused by local heating of the chip is prevented, particularly, accurate temperature control is needed for paraffin melting, the paraffin can be melted at a proper temperature, the paraffin is melted to push mineral oil to a proper position, the mineral oil pushes reaction reagents and primers to a reaction chamber, and the detection reaction is completed.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A nucleic acid detection device based on a microfluidic chip is characterized by comprising: the chip chamber is used for loading a chip and comprises a chip chamber upper cover, a chip chamber middle ring and a chip chamber lower ring which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and the chip chamber also comprises a motor and two sample adding pumps which are arranged on one side of the chip chamber, wherein the motor drives the sample adding pumps to act so as to add nucleic acid samples into the reaction chip;
the heat radiator is arranged on one side of the chip chamber and used for cooling the reaction chamber so as to control the temperature of the reaction chamber within a preset range; the reaction test is completed by controlling the rotating speed and the temperature of the reaction chip and controlling the motor;
including chip upper strata, chip lower floor and chip middle level, chip upper strata, chip middle level and chip lower floor set up in order, set up the FTA card in the chip middle level, the chip middle level includes:
a sample chamber unit disposed at an intermediate position, storing the added nucleic acid sample, and equally dividing the nucleic acid sample under rotation;
a first siphon valve communicating with the sample chamber unit and introducing the nucleic acid sample into the reaction chamber unit by a siphon phenomenon;
a reaction chamber unit which is provided at an edge position and mixes a nucleic acid sample with a reagent to perform a nucleic acid reaction, the reaction chamber of the reaction chamber unit being further communicated with a second siphon valve;
a reagent storage and introduction unit which is communicated with the reaction chamber unit and in which a reaction reagent is stored, wherein after the nucleic acid sample is introduced into the reaction chamber unit, the reaction reagent is introduced into the reaction chamber unit so that the reaction reagent reacts with the nucleic acid sample;
the sample chamber unit comprises a sample chamber arranged in the middle, a sample shunting channel communicated with the sample chamber and arranged on the periphery of the sample chamber, and at least three sample aliquot chambers arranged on the outer side of the sample shunting channel and communicated with the sample shunting channel, wherein a nucleic acid sample is subjected to centrifugal force from the sample chamber at a first preset rotating speed, is discharged into the sample shunting channel, flows in the sample shunting channel, continues to move outwards under the action of the centrifugal force, and respectively enters each sample aliquot chamber;
the reagent storage and introduction unit comprises a paraffin chamber close to the center of the chip, paraffin is loaded in the paraffin chamber and serves as a driving source at low temperature, and a third exhaust channel is communicated with one end of the paraffin chamber and used for exhausting gas in the paraffin chamber;
the paraffin chamber is connected with two branches which are arranged side by side, wherein a first mineral oil chamber is arranged on a first branch, mineral oil is loaded in the first mineral oil chamber and is communicated with the second siphon valve through a second communication pipeline, after the paraffin is heated, the mineral oil flows to the second siphon valve along the second communication pipeline and is filled with the second siphon valve to block one end of the reaction chamber;
the second branch is sequentially provided with a second mineral oil chamber, a reagent chamber and a primer chamber from inside to outside along the radial direction of the chip, the second mineral oil chamber, the reagent chamber and the primer chamber are communicated through pipelines, mineral oil, an LAMP reagent and primers are respectively stored in the second mineral oil chamber, one end of the primer chamber is communicated with the reaction chamber through a third pipeline, when paraffin is heated, the mineral oil is pushed to flow, and the LAMP reagent and the primers are pushed by the mineral oil to enter the reaction chamber.
2. The microfluidic chip-based nucleic acid detecting device according to claim 1, further comprising a cleaning solution for cleaning the reaction chip, wherein the sample is added or added to the reaction chip through the sample adding tube, the output end of the motor is provided with a first belt wheel and connected to a second belt wheel through a transmission belt, the second belt is connected to a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected to the chip tray and drives the chip tray to rotate at a predetermined speed.
3. The microfluidic chip-based nucleic acid detecting device according to claim 2, wherein the chip is disposed in the middle ring of the chip chamber, a support plate is disposed between the middle ring of the chip chamber and the lower ring of the chip chamber, and a cooling module and a heating module are disposed on the support plate for controlling the temperature of the reaction chip on the upper side of the support plate; a first heat exchange fin and a second heat exchange fin are arranged on the supporting plate, and heating fins are arranged on the two heat exchange fins; the first refrigeration module is arranged on the supporting plate and is communicated with the heat conduction circulating pump through a connecting pipe, and the heat conduction circulating pump is communicated with the second refrigeration module.
4. The microfluidic chip-based nucleic acid detection device according to claim 1, wherein the sample chamber has an eccentric structure, the nucleic acid samples are collected to a larger diameter side during rotation of the sample chamber, and the nucleic acid samples are collected to the gap and flow from the gap to the sample distribution channel;
the outer side wall of the sample chamber is an arc-shaped wall, the outer side wall of the sample chamber gradually extends towards the circle center side from the opening along the clockwise direction to form an eccentric structure of the sample chamber, and the end part of the arc-shaped wall is the position closest to the circle center of the sample chamber.
5. The microfluidic chip-based nucleic acid detecting device according to claim 4, wherein the nucleic acid sample flows upward to the sample shunting channel through the opening, a step surface is provided between the sample shunting channel and the sample chamber, the height of the sample shunting channel is higher than that of the sample chamber, and meanwhile, the height of the sample aliquot chamber is higher than that of the sample shunting channel.
6. The microfluidic chip-based nucleic acid detecting device according to claim 1, wherein a first siphon valve is connected and communicated to a terminal of each sample aliquot chamber for introducing the nucleic acid sample in the sample aliquot chamber into the reaction chamber, when the sample chamber rotates at a first preset speed, the nucleic acid sample enters the sample aliquot chamber, and the excess sample enters the first waste chamber through a first liquid guide tube disposed at a terminal of the sample diversion channel; the sample chamber stops rotating and the sample in the sample aliquoting chamber flows into and fills the first siphon valve.
7. The microfluidic chip-based nucleic acid detecting device according to claim 6, wherein the first siphon valve includes a first siphon segment communicating with the sample aliquot chamber and extending outward, a second siphon segment communicating with the first siphon segment and arranged along a circumferential direction, a third siphon segment communicating with the second siphon segment and extending inward, a fourth siphon segment juxtaposed with the third siphon segment and extending outward, an arc-shaped segment between the third siphon segment and the fourth siphon segment for realizing a transition between the third siphon segment and the fourth siphon segment, a fifth siphon segment communicating with the fourth siphon segment and extending obliquely outward, a sixth siphon segment communicating with the fifth siphon segment and extending radially outward, and a tail end of the sixth siphon segment communicating with the first reservoir of the reaction chamber.
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| CN109613290A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-12 | 宁波大学 | A kind of qualitative/quantitative biochip reaction apparatus |
| CN110093407A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-08-06 | 凡知医疗科技(江苏)有限公司 | It is a kind of based on micro-fluidic gene care diagnostic method |
| CN112050963A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-12-08 | 深圳市刚竹医疗科技有限公司 | Liquid temperature measuring device, centrifugal amplification chip and air bath PCR device |
| CN113009136B (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2024-04-05 | 东莞东阳光医疗智能器件研发有限公司 | Small multi-index detection sample analysis device |
| CN112808336A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-05-18 | 深圳市亚辉龙生物科技股份有限公司 | Micro-fluidic chip |
| CN113176790B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-02-15 | 北京中科生仪科技有限公司 | Liquid path control device based on PCR |
| CN219117443U (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2023-06-02 | 上海邦先医疗科技有限公司 | LAMP chip |
| CN114509575B (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-06-14 | 天津德祥生物技术有限公司 | Microfluidic detection device |
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