CN108801147A - A kind of Optical devices and measurement method measuring speed of moving body - Google Patents
A kind of Optical devices and measurement method measuring speed of moving body Download PDFInfo
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- CN108801147A CN108801147A CN201710298685.6A CN201710298685A CN108801147A CN 108801147 A CN108801147 A CN 108801147A CN 201710298685 A CN201710298685 A CN 201710298685A CN 108801147 A CN108801147 A CN 108801147A
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- plane mirror
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- moving object
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/64—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
- G01P3/68—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of contactless measuring devices and method for moving object tachometric survey.Described device is made of laser, Amici prism, plane mirror, tested moving object, collecting lens and photoelectric detecting system.Laser sends out the beam of laser prism that is split and is divided into energy close to two equal beam laser, and passes through plane mirror by two beam laser light incidents to the same measurement point of surface of moving object.It is focused on the photosurface of photodetector using the scattering light of focusing light effect measurement in the future point of collecting lens.Difference frequency of the two beam incident lights between the corresponding scattering light of same direction can be obtained using light heterodyne technology.There are correspondences between the difference frequency and the movement velocity of object.The present invention has the characteristics that compact-sized, at low cost, precision is high and can measure instantaneous velocity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to flat-objects superficial velocity and length accurate fields of measurement more particularly to a kind of measurement object
The Optical devices and measurement method of movement velocity.
Background technology
With the raising of modern industry the degree of automation, the automatic running of system to the reliability requirement of sensor increasingly
Height does not require nothing more than its operation is stable and high measurement accuracy.As steel rolling mill needs to reduce production to the accurate measurement of steel plate length
Cost, traditional measurement method cannot be satisfied measurement request under high temperature, high-speed case, this just needs the non-contact of high reliability
Formula sensor is realized.
Most of laser velocimeter device is using the solid or gas laser of narrow linewidth, the cost of laser at present
High and size is big.Incident laser is divided into the laser beam of two beam exiting parallels by the aplanatism Amici prism customized using needs, then
Using heavy caliber convergent lens to light beam into line convergence, optical path length, system bulk are big and expensive.And system is to Adjustment precision
It is required that high, system flexibility is poor, it is difficult to meet the needs of Practical Project.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Optical devices and measurement method measuring speed of moving body.
Realize that the technical solution of the object of the invention is：A kind of Optical devices measuring speed of moving body, including swash
Light device, Amici prism, the first plane mirror, second plane mirror, tested moving object, convex lens, photodetector；
The Amici prism is located at the front end of laser, the first plane mirror and second plane mirror and swashs positioned at prism
In front of light-emitting face, and with corresponding exit facet there are identical angle, the light that laser is sent out after Amici prism is divided,
Ray Of Light is incident to the first plane mirror, and another Ray Of Light is incident to second plane mirror, and two-beam line is respectively through two
It after the reflection of block plane mirror, comes together in a bit, moving object is set at the point, is arranged between moving object and Amici prism
Convex lens, convex lens can be imaged the luminous point of surface of moving object, and photodetector is arranged at picture point.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage is：1) system of the invention uses semiconductor laser, outgoing
Wavelength is incident on an energy Amici prism for the one-wavelength laser of λ and is divided into two equal beam laser of energy approximation, via table before two panels
Two light paths of plane mirror pair of face reflection are incident on surface of moving object same point after turning back, the scattering light from the point
The movable information of object is carried, the corresponding scattering light of different directions incident light is gathered in light by the converging action of collecting lens
On the photosurface of electric explorer, the current signal with Doppler frequency variation of output is converted by the I-V of circuit below, is filtered
For data processor processes at the speed or length information of needs after the processing such as wave, amplification, and then show.2) described
The further design of method is that the plane mirror using front surface reflection is turned back light path, reduce the size of system with again
Amount, and easily meet aplanatism principle, while adjustment measurement distance (the distance between photodetector to measurement point) can be facilitated.
3) the further design of the method is to receive rear orientation light, stronger to the measurement signal-to-noise ratio of opaque moving object,
It is better.4) the further design of the method is to have used Non-coaxial systems, reduces system cost, keeps system logical
It is stronger with property.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the functional block diagram of moving object speed and linear measure longimetry scheme.
Fig. 2 is moving object speed and linear measure longimetry optical schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is plane mirror Adjusted Option structure chart.
Fig. 4 is to change measurement distance schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is directed to the movement velocity and its measurement of length of flat surface, and takes into account high temperature, high speed and complexity
Industrial environment, a kind of feasible thinking are measured using contactless photoelectric sensor.Can reduce greasy dirt in environment,
The influence to measurement result such as high temperature, vibrations, improves the stability of whole system.The implementation that speed of moving body measures is such as
Fig. 1.The present invention be mainly characterized by speed of moving body and length, advantage are measured using contactless photoelectric sensing mode
It is：Measuring system is the process that dynamic measures, the operation for the workpiece that need not stop, and will not being done to the movement of measured piece
It disturbs, meanwhile, the stability of measuring system is high, is not easy to be influenced by factors such as environmental factors such as temperature, vibrations, oil stain.This programme master
To be based on laser Doppler vibration, the effect modulated to incident light frequency using the particle of surface of moving object, and will not
The corresponding scattering light of equidirectional incident light is overlapped.Consider the factors such as size, the weight of system simultaneously, optimizes laser
Laser Doppler Technique For Measuring Velocity.Incident light is turned back using front surface mirror, can not only mitigate system weight, can also avoid adopting
Influence of the aberration generated with convergent lens to measurement result.Photodetector is received by Doppler frequencyThe signal of variation.Two angles light beam angle of cut θ are first determined in experiment, and then determine signal frequency and object
Linear relationship between the movement velocity in body surface face.And measured piece length measurment can be in τ0Speed is integrated in time：
In conjunction with attached drawing, a kind of Optical devices of measurement speed of moving body of the invention, including laser 1, Amici prism
2, the first plane mirror 3-1, second plane mirror 3-2, tested moving object 4, convex lens 5, photodetector 6；
The Amici prism 2 is located at the front end of laser 1, the first plane mirror 3-1 and second plane mirror 3-2
In front of prism laser-emitting face, and with corresponding exit facet there are identical angle, the light that laser 1 is sent out is through being divided rib
After mirror 2 is divided, Ray Of Light is incident to the first plane mirror 3-1, and another Ray Of Light is incident to second plane mirror 3-2,
Two-beam line after two pieces of plane mirrors reflect, comes together in a bit respectively, moving object 4 is arranged at the point, in moving object 4
Convex lens 5 is set between Amici prism 2, and convex lens 5 can be imaged the luminous point on 4 surface of moving object, be set at picture point
Set photodetector 6.
The laser uses semiconductor laser.
The Amici prism is energy Amici prism.
The plane mirror plates the speculum of reflectance coating using front surface.
A kind of measurement method of the Optical devices measured based on above-mentioned speed of moving body, is included the following steps：
Step 1 starts laser 1, and moving object 4 is placed at the Rendezvous Point of two-beam line, measures be incident to fortune later
The angle theta of 4 two-beam line of animal body；The angle theta for being incident to 4 two-beam line of moving object is measured using following methods：
Step 1-1, measure the first plane mirror 3-1, between two reflection light points of second plane mirror 3-2 away from
From；
Step 1-2, the luminous point of the first plane mirror 3-1 is measured to the distance of 4 surface luminous point of moving object；
Step 1-3, the luminous point of second plane mirror 3-2 is measured to the distance of 4 surface luminous point of moving object；
Step 1-4, using trigonometric function relationship, the angle theta of two-beam line is determined.
Step 2,5 position of adjustment convex lens, make the corresponding picture point of light beam Rendezvous Point fall the photosurface in photodetector 6
On；
Step 3 carries out spectrum analysis to the signal of photodetector output, obtains the difference frequency signal of two-beam；
Step 4 exports to external equipment the difference frequency signal of step 3, and the speed of moving object is calculated by external equipment.
A kind of adjustable measurement method of measurement distance based on above-mentioned speed of moving body Optical devices, including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1 opens laser, adjusts the fastening structure of the first plane mirror 3-1 and second plane mirror 3-2,
Two beam reflection lights are made to come together in a bit；Adjust the detailed process of the first plane mirror 3-1 and second plane mirror 3-2
For：
Step 101, the adjusting screw for adjusting the first plane mirror 3-1, movement is by the first plane mirror 3-1 reflections
Laser spot；
Step 102, the adjusting screw for adjusting second plane mirror 3-2, what movement was reflected by second plane mirror 3-2
Laser spot, and ensure that the first plane mirror 3-1 and second plane mirror 3-2 is symmetrical about prismatic decomposition face；
Step 103, the laser for making the laser beam of the first plane mirror 3-1 reflections and second plane mirror 3-2 reflect
Beam meets at same point.
Step 2 places moving object 4 in light Rendezvous Point, measures the angle for being incident to 4 two-beam line of moving object later
θ；
Step 3,5 position of adjustment convex lens, make the corresponding picture point of light beam Rendezvous Point fall the photosurface in photodetector 6
On；
Step 4 carries out spectrum analysis to the signal of photodetector output, obtains the difference frequency signal of two-beam；
Step 5 exports to external equipment the difference frequency signal of step 3, and the speed of moving object is calculated by external equipment.
The present invention is based on laser Doppler vibrations to obtain in conjunction with the characteristics of dual-beam-doubly scattered light scheme
Angle between the frequency of Doppler signal and scattering light is unrelated.And plane mirror turnover light path is used, optimization system structure,
Reduction system size, and using high-speed photodetector and certain signal processing is combined to be realized to object speed with display circuit
With measurement of length, this system uses contactless detection, improves the stability and anti-interference of system.
Further detailed description is done to the present invention with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The laser 1 of the present embodiment uses the semiconductor laser that good directionality can be used.As shown in Fig. 2, energy point
2 light splitting surface of light prism plates semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, fixes the first plane mirror 3-1 and the positions second plane mirror 3-2, makes two beams
Light aplanatism is incident on 4 surface same point of object.And the angle theta of two beam incident lights is accurately measured, it is f''s that a focal length, which is used in combination,
Measurement point is imaged on the photosurface of photodetector 6 by lens 5, and position relationship meets Gaussian imaging equation in figure：And require chief ray perpendicular to detector photosurface to improve scattering light utilization efficiency.Again by the current signal of output
By processing such as the I-V conversions of subsequent conditioning circuit, filtering, amplification, A/D conversions, the frequency of signal is obtained
ByObtain moving object speed.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is essentially identical with above-described embodiment, the difference is that the subsequent support construction of plane mirror, it should
Structure is fastened using screw and the adjustable fixed structure in orientation, and adjustment structure is as shown in Fig. 3, and plane mirror 11 is solid
It is scheduled on 10 center of movable plate.Fixed plate 7 uses three adjusting screws 9 and three 8 fastening means of pull hook spring with movable plate 10, adjusts
Section screw is jacked up movable plate 10 by the screw hole in fixed plate, while utilizing three pull hook springs 8 and six pull hooks again
12 connect fixed plate 7 with movable plate 10.Adjustment mechanism is fastened by adjusting the negative direction active force of screw 9 and pull hook spring 8.
11 position of plane mirror is adjusted by adjusting screw 9, changes incident beam angle of cut θ at a distance from measurement to reach, such as Fig. 4 institutes
Show, realizes prototype structure of the system in different application field flexible conversion without changing system.On the other hand, collecting lens are adopted
With Focusable camera lens with the change of conjunction measuring distance.Data acquisition and procession process is same as the previously described embodiments, no longer superfluous
It states.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Optical devices measuring speed of moving body, which is characterized in that including laser [1], Amici prism [2], the
One plane mirror [3-1], second plane mirror [3-2], tested moving object [4], convex lens [5], photodetector
[6]；
The Amici prism [2] is located at the front end of laser [1], the first plane mirror [3-1] and second plane mirror [3-
2] it is located in front of prism laser-emitting face, and with corresponding exit facet there are identical angle, the light warp that laser [1] is sent out
After Amici prism [2] light splitting, Ray Of Light is incident to the first plane mirror [3-1], and another Ray Of Light is incident to the second plane
Speculum [3-2], two-beam line after two pieces of plane mirrors reflect, come together in a bit respectively, and moving object is arranged at the point
[4], convex lens [5] is set between moving object [4] and Amici prism [2], and convex lens [5] can be to moving object [4] surface
Luminous point be imaged, at picture point be arranged photodetector [6].
2. the Optical devices according to claim 1 for measuring speed of moving body, which is characterized in that the laser uses
Semiconductor laser.
3. the Optical devices according to claim 1 for measuring speed of moving body, which is characterized in that the Amici prism is
Energy Amici prism.
4. the Optical devices according to claim 1 for measuring speed of moving body, which is characterized in that the plane mirror
The speculum of reflectance coating is plated using front surface.
5. a kind of measurement method of the Optical devices measured based on speed of moving body described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
Include the following steps：
Step 1 starts laser [1], and moving object [4] is placed at the Rendezvous Point of two-beam line, measures be incident to fortune later
The angle theta of animal body [4] two-beam line；
Step 2, adjustment convex lens [5] position, make the corresponding picture point of light beam Rendezvous Point fall the photosurface in photodetector [6]
On；
Step 3 carries out spectrum analysis to the signal of photodetector output, obtains the difference frequency signal of two-beam；
Step 4 exports to external equipment the difference frequency signal of step 3, and the speed of moving object is calculated by external equipment.
6. measurement method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that measured in step 1 and be incident to [4] two beam of moving object
The angle theta of light uses following methods：
Step 1-1, measure the first plane mirror [3-1], between two reflection light points of second plane mirror [3-2] away from
From；
Step 1-2, the luminous point of the first plane mirror [3-1] is measured to the distance of moving object [4] surface luminous point；
Step 1-3, the luminous point of second plane mirror [3-2] is measured to the distance of moving object [4] surface luminous point；
Step 1-4, using trigonometric function relationship, the angle theta of two-beam line is determined.
7. a kind of adjustable measurement method of measurement distance based on speed of moving body Optical devices described in claim 1, special
Sign is, includes the following steps：
Step 1 opens laser, adjusts the fastening structure of the first plane mirror [3-1] and second plane mirror [3-2],
Two beam reflection lights are made to come together in a bit；
Step 2 places moving object [4] in light Rendezvous Point, measures the angle for being incident to moving object [4] two-beam line later
θ；
Step 3, adjustment convex lens [5] position, make the corresponding picture point of light beam Rendezvous Point fall the photosurface in photodetector [6]
On；
Step 4 carries out spectrum analysis to the signal of photodetector output, obtains the difference frequency signal of two-beam；
Step 5 exports to external equipment the difference frequency signal of step 3, and the speed of moving object is calculated by external equipment.
8. the adjustable measurement method of measurement distance according to claim 7, which is characterized in that it is flat to adjust first in step 1
The detailed process of face speculum [3-1] and second plane mirror [3-2] is：
Step 101, the adjusting screw for adjusting the first plane mirror [3-1], what movement was reflected by the first plane mirror [3-1]
Laser spot；
Step 102, the adjusting screw for adjusting second plane mirror [3-2], what movement was reflected by second plane mirror [3-2]
Laser spot, and ensure that the first plane mirror [3-1] and second plane mirror [3-2] are symmetrical about prismatic decomposition face；
The laser of step 103, the laser beam for making the first plane mirror [3-1] reflect and second plane mirror [3-2] reflection
Beam meets at same point.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710298685.6A CN108801147A (en) | 2017-04-30 | 2017-04-30 | A kind of Optical devices and measurement method measuring speed of moving body |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710298685.6A CN108801147A (en) | 2017-04-30 | 2017-04-30 | A kind of Optical devices and measurement method measuring speed of moving body |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112147358A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-12-29 | 东南大学 | Non-contact type speed measuring equipment and mounting rack thereof |
| CN112904040A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-04 | 上海兰宝传感科技股份有限公司 | Laser Doppler speed measuring device |
| CN113223301A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-06 | 佛冈县诚康商品混凝土有限公司 | Relative speed detection method and system for concrete transport vehicle |
| CN114563595A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-05-31 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | System and method for measuring flow velocity of two-dimensional flow field of pipeline based on laser Doppler velocity measurement |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1580783A (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-02-16 | 夏普株式会社 | Velocimeter, displacement meter, vibrometer and electronic device |
| CN1591020A (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2005-03-09 | 夏普株式会社 | Optical velocimeter, displacement information measurement device and conveying and processing device |
-
2017
- 2017-04-30 CN CN201710298685.6A patent/CN108801147A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1580783A (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-02-16 | 夏普株式会社 | Velocimeter, displacement meter, vibrometer and electronic device |
| CN1591020A (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2005-03-09 | 夏普株式会社 | Optical velocimeter, displacement information measurement device and conveying and processing device |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112147358A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-12-29 | 东南大学 | Non-contact type speed measuring equipment and mounting rack thereof |
| CN112904040A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-04 | 上海兰宝传感科技股份有限公司 | Laser Doppler speed measuring device |
| CN113223301A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-06 | 佛冈县诚康商品混凝土有限公司 | Relative speed detection method and system for concrete transport vehicle |
| CN114563595A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-05-31 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | System and method for measuring flow velocity of two-dimensional flow field of pipeline based on laser Doppler velocity measurement |
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Application publication date: 20181113 |