CN108800160A - Using the air-cooled danger waste incineration system slagged tap and technique - Google Patents

Using the air-cooled danger waste incineration system slagged tap and technique Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108800160A
CN108800160A CN201810668577.8A CN201810668577A CN108800160A CN 108800160 A CN108800160 A CN 108800160A CN 201810668577 A CN201810668577 A CN 201810668577A CN 108800160 A CN108800160 A CN 108800160A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
secondary combustion
feed system
incinerator
clinker
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Granted
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CN201810668577.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN108800160B (en
Inventor
李红伟
田鑫
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Huaian Blue Sky Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd
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Beijing Beikong Environmental Protection Engineering Co Ltd
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442Waste feed arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/446Waste feed arrangements for liquid waste
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50Control or safety arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/04Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste liquors, e.g. sulfite liquors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/02Apparatus for removing ash, clinker, or slag from ash-pits, e.g. by employing trucks or conveyors, by employing suction devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F23L15/04Arrangements of recuperators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00Pretreatment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20Rotary drum furnace
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00Waste feed arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00Specific waste
    • F23G2209/10Liquid waste
    • F23G2209/101Waste liquor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2700/00Ash removal, handling and treatment means; Ash and slag handling in pulverulent fuel furnaces; Ash removal means for incinerators
    • F23J2700/001Ash removal, handling and treatment means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of using the air-cooled danger waste incineration system slagged tap and technique, the incineration system includes feed system, incinerator and exhaust treatment system, wherein, incinerator includes rotary kiln and secondary combustion chamber, and the kiln tail of rotary kiln and the lower seal of secondary combustion chamber connect;Wherein secondary combustion chamber bottom is provided with air cooling slag hoist, Secondary Air with enter secondary combustion chamber after clinker heat exchange and burn, it is air-cooled after clinker be fed directly to clinker storehouse.Danger waste incineration system using the present invention and technique, by carrying out calorific value and chemical compatibility to all kinds of dangerous waste objects, the technological parameter in incinerator is accurately controlled, ensures that incineration system is safe and stable and Effec-tive Function, keep danger incineration of waste thorough, tail gas and the processing of clinker efficient pollution-free.

Description

Using the air-cooled danger waste incineration system slagged tap and technique
The application be August in 2016 1 application No. is " 201610621423.4 ", the applying date, entitled " dangerous waste The divisional application of the application for a patent for invention of object incineration system and technique ".
Technical field
This patent disclosure relates generally to dangerous waste object burning disposal field, systems a kind of danger waste incineration system and Technique.
Background technology
Danger wastes (dangerous waste object) refer to corrosivity, toxicity, inflammability, reactivity or infectivity etc. it is a kind of or The waste of several hazard properties of person.With the development of industry, industrial processes discharge dangerous waste object it is increasing, how into Row safely and efficiently handles environmentally safe be of great significance.
In existing dangerous waste object burning processing system, usually the dangerous waste object of various forms is mixed and is temporarily stored into melt pit It is interior, waste is picked up by claw bucket sling and enters kiln.It is this enter kiln mode cause kiln hood largely to leak out, cause oxygen content in kiln to be unable to control, A series of problems, such as Incineration circumstances are disorderly in kiln, and dual firing chamber's afterburning is frequent.And due to the physical property of different dangerous waste objects difference, it is mixed in one It rises and is easy to happen danger, a lot of interior hole explosions, deflagration event have occurred for the country.In addition, " ground pit type " pan feeding mode is also easy production Raw Leachate site polluted underground water and soil, the problem of environmental pollutions such as atmosphere pollution caused by exhaust gas externally discharges naturally.
In addition, there is also many deficiencies, such as clinker in clinker and vent gas treatment for existing danger waste treatment system Water cooling pattern, the vapor in cooling procedure is generally used to enter the ignition temperature that dual firing chamber can reduce dual firing chamber, influence flue gas After-flame quality, the clinker after water cooling is generally using mode is dried, and the sewage containing high pollution composition is largely oozed in ground in clinker Under, into secondary pollution.
Invention content
The purpose of the invention is to overcome the problems, such as in above-mentioned background technology some or it is certain, a kind of dangerous waste object is provided and is burnt Burning system and technique.
According to the first aspect of the invention, a kind of danger waste incineration system, including feed system, incinerator and tail are provided Gas processing system, wherein feed system include bulk material feed system, sacked material feed system and liquid object feed system, difference To incinerator conveying bulk material, sacked material and liquid dangerous waste object in a manner of continuous, closed.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, wherein bulk material feed system includes:
There is feeding bin closing shell, shell to be provided with material inlet and material outlet, and housing bottom is provided with spiral hinge Knife;
First weigher, for weighing to feeding bin;
Second weigher is arranged below feeding bin, for weighing to discharging;And
Rotary feeder, import are connect with the second weigher, and outlet is connect with incinerator.
The present invention another specific embodiment in, wherein sacked material feed system include suspended chain, lower hopper and The double-deck gate valve, sacked material is delivered to lower hopper by suspended chain, then is delivered to incinerator by the double-deck gate valve.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein liquid object feed system includes multichannel nozzle, is respectively intended to Convey high heating value, middle calorific value and low heat value liquid.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, incinerator includes rotary kiln and secondary combustion chamber, the kiln of rotary kiln The lower seal of tail and secondary combustion chamber connects.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, be respectively arranged in rotary kiln and secondary combustion chamber temperature monitor and Oxygen content monitor.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein secondary combustion chamber bottom is provided with air cooling slag hoist, the wind Cold mucking machine is equipped with slag inlet, slag notch and air inlet.Wherein, incinerator burns the hot stove slag warp generated after danger wastes Slag inlet enters air cooling slag hoist, and the cold wind blasted from air inlet enters after carrying out heat exchange with hot stove slag in air cooling slag hoist Secondary combustion chamber carries out high temperature oxygenating, disturbance of the cold wind to secondary firing room temperature is greatly lowered, clinker after cooling is through going out Cinder notch discharges.Clinker after air-cooled can be fed directly to clinker storehouse, and the secondary pollution for avoiding waste water in water cooling clinker is asked Topic.
In the case of more specific, air cooling slag hoist includes outer housing and the comb type cooling bed in outer housing, outer housing it is upper Slag inlet is arranged in portion, and comb type cooling bed includes:
Grate plate, grate plate front end are located at below slag inlet, and grate plate end is adjacent with slag notch;Multiple row movement is provided in grate plate Beam, each column move and are arranged at intervals with multiple stick pushers on beam;The length direction of stick pusher is perpendicular to clinker conveying direction;In grate plate Be evenly distributed with array ventilation hole, the aperture of ventilation hole be arranged to make cold wind from the bottom up by but clinker will not leak down Go out;
Beam driving mechanism is moved, is arranged below grate plate, is back and forth transported back and forth along clinker conveying direction for drive motion beam It is dynamic, push clinker slowly to wriggle to slag notch by stick pusher;
Air inlet pipeline is arranged below grate plate, and the cold wind entered from the air inlet of air inlet pipeline uniformly blows to after being assigned The array ventilation hole of grate plate.
In another specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein exhaust treatment system includes waste heat boiler, chilling tower, activity Charcoal dusting device, bag filter, active carbon adsorption column, washing deentrainment tower, flue gas heater, exhaust blower and chimney.It is preferred that In the case of, wherein being additionally provided with SNCR denitration device between secondary combustion chamber and waste heat boiler.
According to the second aspect of the invention, a kind of dangerous waste object burning process is provided, is included the following steps:
(1) danger waste incineration system is provided, which includes feed system, incinerator and exhaust treatment system, wherein Feed system includes bulk material feed system, sacked material feed system and liquid object feed system, and incinerator includes rotary kiln And secondary combustion chamber, the kiln tail of rotary kiln and the lower seal of secondary combustion chamber connect;
(2) by bulk material, sacked material and liquid object by being fed respectively by bulk material after scheduled calorific value and chemical compatibility System, sacked material feed system and liquid object feed system are sent into a manner of continuous, closed in rotary kiln;
(3) the fixation carbon part of dangerous waste object carries out burning disposal in rotary kiln, and the volatility generated in pyrolytic process can Combustion gas body and fine carbon particle enter secondary combustion chamber's high temperature after-flame.
(4) the hot stove slag that rotary kiln and secondary combustion chamber generate enters air cooling slag hoist, is roused from air cooling slag hoist air inlet The cold wind entered enters secondary combustion chamber's progress high temperature oxygenating after carrying out heat exchange with hot stove slag in air cooling slag hoist, after cooling Clinker is fed directly to clinker storehouse.
Under preferable case, wherein the incineration temperature control of rotary kiln 700 DEG C -850 DEG C, remaining Control for Oxygen Content less than 2%.
Under preferable case, wherein the incineration temperature of secondary combustion chamber is controlled at 1100-1200 DEG C, and gas residence time is more than 3.5 the second, remaining Control for Oxygen Content is less than 8%.
Under preferable case, keep the axial line of rotary kiln with horizontal line at 1.5 degree angles, the range of speeds for 0.2r/min extremely 2.0r/min。
Danger waste incineration system using the present invention and technique, by carrying out calorific value and chemical compatibility to all kinds of dangerous waste objects, It accurately controls the technological parameter in incinerator, ensures that incineration system is safe and stable and Effec-tive Function, keep danger incineration of waste thorough Bottom, tail gas and the processing of clinker efficient pollution-free.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the feed system schematic diagram according to the danger waste incineration system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the incinerator schematic diagram according to the danger waste incineration system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the stereoscopic schematic diagram of air cooling slag hoist in incinerator;
Fig. 4 is the comb type cooling bed stereoscopic schematic diagram in air cooling slag hoist shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the section view schematic front view of air cooling slag hoist shown in Fig. 3;And
Fig. 6 is the exhaust treatment system schematic diagram according to the danger waste incineration system of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Detailed description of the present invention danger waste incineration system and technique below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Those skilled in the art should manage Solution, the embodiments described below are only to make any restrictions not for it to the exemplary illustration of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 6, danger waste incineration system according to the present invention includes mainly feed system, 100 and of incinerator Exhaust treatment system 500.Each system and the structure and the course of work of device is described in detail below.
Pending dangerous waste object is first divided by the compatibility and safe transport of all kinds of materials in advance in the present invention for convenience Bulk material, sacked material and liquid object three categories, the calorific value and chemical characteristic of same class material are close.Wherein, bulk material is mainly Refer to bulk or granular solids that grain size is less than 50 X, 50 X 80mm.Sacked material is used for loading seal-packed extraordinary dangerous waste The characteristics of object, this substance is that chemical property is more active, is easily reacted with other materials, and with strong oxidizing property, Hypertoxicity or explosive, such as trivalent cobalt salt, peroxide, cyanide, perhalide etc., these material demands are isolated Processing to avoid explosion or vigorous reaction occur with other materials.Sacked material packs after may also mean that paste allotment Or it is not easy (or should not) and crushes and mixed solid material directly packs.Liquid object is primarily referred to as waste liquid or waste oil.Base of the present invention In the morphological character of above-mentioned three categories material dangerous waste to be burned is conveyed to incinerator to separately design corresponding feed system Object, to effectively prevent the generation of deflagration event in existing " ground pit type " pan feeding mode.
Referring to Fig. 1, danger incineration of waste according to the present invention classification feed system includes mainly bulk material feed system, packed Expect feed system and liquid object feed system, conveys bulk material, packed to incinerator 100 in a manner of continuous, closed respectively Material and liquid dangerous waste object.
Bulk material feed system includes mainly under feeding bin 201, the first weigher 203, the second weigher 205 and revolution Glassware 206.There is feeding bin 201 closing shell, shell to be provided with material inlet 211 and material outlet 212.1 shell of feeding bin In can be provided with stock distributor 213, be used for evenly dispersed material.201 housing bottom of feeding bin is provided with spiral reamer 204.Elevator (conveyer) 202 can be set in the front end of feeding bin 201, bulk material 220 can be promoted and be arrived by elevator 202 The top of feeding bin 201, and enter in feeding bin 201 from material inlet 211.
(gravity is relied on when being conveyed by storehouse formula due to bulk material), is easy occur knot storehouse (flow stagnation) phenomenon in storehouse, Once consequence is very serious caused by tying storehouse, the material often accommodated in storehouse from several to tens ton can only often disassemble feed bin Material could be exported.For the present invention in order to prevent and dissolve the generation of the phenomenon in advance, spy is provided with the first weigher 203 and the Two weighers 205 are prejudged.First weigher 203 is used for carrying out entirety to feeding bin 201 weighing, the second weigher 205 are used for weighing to the material sent out from the material outlet 212 of feeding bin 201.First weigher 203 preferably uses loading Sensor is arranged in the outside of feeding bin 201.Second weigher 205 preferably uses volume measurement scale, thus can continuous conveying Material, and energy metering material volume, the weight of conveying material can be obtained by being multiplied by material proportion with the volume of material of metering.
When feed system is run, 220 (the gravimetric value m of bulk material to be burned that is pre-metered0) from material inlet 211 into Enter feeding bin 201, second weigher 205 is delivered to by spiral reamer 204 after the dispersion of stock distributor 213, passes through second Weigher 205 is conveyed through rotary feeder 206 to incinerator 100 after weighing.A timing is measured by the second weigher 205 The interior weight of material conveyed to incinerator 100 is m2, the net object in feeding bin 201 is measured by the first weigher 203 Material weight is m1.In continuous production process, work as m0-m2When value stabilization is in predetermined range of normal value, show in feeding bin 201 Flow of Goods and Materials is normal;And work as m1Value becomes larger, m0-m2When value is more than predetermined normal value, then material in feeding bin 201 is implied Flowing starts to slow down, and continues development and goes down to occur to tie storehouse phenomenon.Operating personnel, can by the monitoring to above-mentioned gravimetric value It gives warning in advance, and takes solving measure in advance.For example, by using air bubble height is squeezed into feeding bin 201 from 201 bottom of feeding bin Pressure air is vibrated, and to make knot storehouse phenomenon just be dissolved in the budding stage, to ensure continuous production, greatly improves production Efficiency.
Bulk material is conveyed to incinerator 100 using rotary feeder 206 in the bulk material feed system of the present invention, both Can continuous conveying material, and can effectively block the upward anti-channeling of high hot-air burnt in incinerator 100.It is according to the present invention Bulk material feed system, connecting pipe and feeding bin 201 between elevator 202, elevator 202 and feeding bin 201 with burn The transfer pipeline between device 100 is burnt all using closed.Bulk material 220 in transmission process all in enclosure space into Row, to prevent the pernicious gas volatilized in dangerous waste object from outwardly discharging.In order to prevent in elevator 202 and feeding bin 201 The inner space of generation deflagration accident, elevator 202 and feeding bin 201 is all connected to extractor fan 209, and extractor fan 209 can To be connect with the entrance of incinerator 100, fired to which the flammable explosive gas of extraction is passed directly into incinerator 100 It burns.Dust-precipitator 208 can be set before extractor fan 209, and the dust that dust-precipitator 208 is collected is delivered to by lock wind blanking device 219 and is carried It rises in machine 202 and is conveyed again to incinerator 100.In addition, explosion-proof valve 214 is also provided at the top of feeding bin 201, into one Step ensures safety.
Sacked material feed system includes mainly suspended chain 251, lower hopper 252 and upper gate valve 253 and underthrust plate valve 254.Before charging starts, upper and lower gate valve 253 and 254 is all in closed state, when sacked material 250 is fallen into down from suspended chain 251 When in hopper 252, the opening of upper gate valve 253 makes sacked material 250 fall on underthrust plate valve 254, and then upper gate valve 253 is closed, Underthrust plate valve 254 is opened, sacked material 250 automatically falls into incinerator 100 and burned.Repeatedly by upper and lower two gate valves Cooperation can completely cut off in incinerator 100 the upward anti-channeling of high hot-air burnt.Sacked material 250 is weighed and is hung by controlling in advance The conveying speed of chain 251 controls the charging rate of sacked material 250.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the bulk material 220 of bulk material feed system conveying and the charging of bag-shaped material The sacked material 250 of system conveying enters incinerator 100 by Y type blanking scraper-trough conveyers respectively, to prevent the spy in sacked material 50 Kind dangerous waste object, which is in contact with balk cargo before entering kiln, to be caused to explode.
Liquid object is first divided into three kinds of high heating value, middle calorific value and low heat value by liquid object feed system 300 in advance, is sprayed using multichannel Mouth is respectively intended to convey high heating value, middle calorific value and low heat value liquid to incinerator 100.So as to according to incinerator 100 Technique need to select to supply the liquid of different calorific values.Liquid object feed system 300 is mainly filled using atomizing lance to burning Set 100 injection liquid dangerous waste objects.Flowmeter can be connected with before atomizing lance to carry out the inlet amount of metering liquid dangerous waste object.
Referring to Fig. 2, incinerator 100 is made of rotary kiln 110, secondary combustion chamber 120 and slag-tapping system.Rotary kiln 110 kiln hoods connect that (including solid feed system 200 and liquid object feed system 300, wherein solid are fed with feed system System 200 can be divided into bulk material feed system described above and sacked material feed system again), kiln tail is and secondary combustion chamber 120 lower seal connection, the top of secondary combustion chamber 120 are connect by pipeline with exhaust treatment system 500, secondary combustion chamber 120 bottom is connect with slag-tapping system.Wherein, rotary kiln 110 and secondary combustion chamber 120 also connect with natural gas station 400 respectively, By auxiliary burner 401 and 402 respectively to rotary kiln 110 and secondary combustion chamber 120 carry out igniting and it is combustion-supporting.Rotary kiln 110 With temperature monitor and oxygen content monitor are respectively arranged in secondary combustion chamber 120.
Rotary kiln 110, which is a horizontal circular, the rotatable stove of lining of fire brick, inner lining refractory block (50mm insulating bricks + 250mm mullite bricks), kiln external temperature is maintained at 175 DEG C or more, to prevent sour gas from corroding.On kiln ontology There are two belt wheel and a bull gear, transmission mechanism is driven the bull gear on ontology by pinion gear, then passes through bull gear band Dynamic rotary kiln ontology rotation.To ensure the downward transmission of material, rotary kiln 110 must keep certain gradient, in of the invention The axial line of rotary kiln 110 is with horizontal line at 1.5 degree of angles.The rotation scale of kiln is preferably 0.2 to 2.0 turn per minute.In kiln Volume heat load is 20~44kg/ (m3·h)。
120 top of secondary combustion chamber is cylindrical structure, and liner material is that high alumina turns+light weight fireclay brick+calcium silicate board, outside Steel plated.120 lower part of secondary combustion chamber has taper necking, and taper necking bottom is provided with air cooling slag hoist 121.It is air-cooled to slag tap Machine 121 is connect with external secondary blower 122.The volume heat load of secondary combustion chamber 120 is 15~40kJ/m3.h。
When burning, the bulk material 220, sacked material 250 and liquid object of different calorific values are distinguished as after scheduled calorific value compatibility It is sent into rotary kiln 110, air is blasted into kiln by the primary blower 111 for being arranged in kiln hood, and pass through auxiliary combustion Device 401 is lighted a fire.Waste is under 110 continuous rotation of rotary kiln, and material do not stop to stir in kiln, heat, dry, it is gentle to decompose Change.The ignition temperature of rotary kiln 110 is controlled at 700~850 DEG C, and remaining Control for Oxygen Content is less than 2%, and material is in rotary kiln Residence time in 110 is about 20-45min.Under this process condition, material is incinerated into high-temperature flue gas and clinker.Burning The flue gas of generation enters secondary combustion chamber 120 from kiln tail, is further burned herein.Pass through secondary blower 122 to two Grade blasts Secondary Air in combustion chamber 120, and is carried out by auxiliary burner 402 combustion-supporting.By being located at 120 flue gas of secondary combustion chamber Thermocouple and oxygen content detector on exhaust pass detect oxygen content in furnace temperature and exhaust, and then control auxiliary burner 402 and secondary blower 122 uninterrupted, make 120 temperature of secondary combustion chamber stablize in setting value, to make dangerous waste burn It is constantly in optimum state.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ignition temperature control in secondary combustion chamber 120 1100~ 1200 DEG C, remaining Control for Oxygen Content is less than 8%.Flue gas secondary combustion chamber 120 residence time at 3.5 seconds or more.Herein Under the conditions of, it is ensured that entering the dangerous waste object of incinerator, fully thoroughly burning is complete, and flue gas Zhong bioxin and other has The 99.99% of evil composition is decomposed.
Slag-tapping system includes mainly air cooling slag hoist 121.Referring to Fig. 3-5, air cooling slag hoist 2 is equipped with slag inlet 131, slags tap Mouth 134 and air inlet 133.Wherein, slag inlet 131 is connected to the bottom of secondary combustion chamber 120.Rotary kiln 110 and secondary firing The hot stove slag that room 120 generates enters air cooling slag hoist 121 through slag inlet 131, and the cold wind blasted from air inlet 133 is slagged tap air-cooled Enter the progress high temperature oxygenating of secondary combustion chamber 120 after carrying out heat exchange with hot stove slag in machine 121, clinker after cooling is through slag notch 134 discharge.
Referring to Fig. 3-5, in one embodiment, air cooling slag hoist 121 is including outer housing 130 and is located at outer housing 130 Interior comb type cooling bed 132.The top of outer housing 130 is provided with slag inlet 131, and slag inlet 131 and the burner hearth of secondary combustion chamber 120 connect It is logical, for receiving clinker.Comb type cooling bed 132 includes grate plate 140, and 140 front end of grate plate is located at 131 lower section of slag inlet, 140 end of grate plate It is adjacent with slag notch 134.Array ventilation hole is evenly distributed in grate plate 140, the aperture of ventilation hole is arranged to make cold wind under Up by but clinker will not leak out down.It is provided with multiple row movement beam 150 in grate plate 140, is spaced and sets on each column movement beam 150 It is equipped with multiple stick pushers 151.The length direction of stick pusher 151 is perpendicular to clinker conveying direction A.
150 lower section of each column movement beam is provided with movement beam driving mechanism 160, is used for drive motion beam 150 and is conveyed along clinker Direction A is moved back and forth, such as cylinder type of drive may be used to be driven to movement beam 150.By moving beam 150 Reciprocating motion can effectively prevent the bonding of high-temperature fusion slag;Push clinker to slag notch 134 by stick pusher 151 simultaneously Slowly wriggle.A points along clinker conveying direction of stick pusher 151 is inclined surface 152 and vertical plane 153, so as to swimmingly guide Clinker is conveyed to slag notch 134.
140 lower section of grate plate is provided with air inlet pipeline, and air inlet pipeline is divided into air inlet manifold 180 and winding pipe 181, shows in figure In the embodiment gone out, enters the wind manifold 180 and the length direction of grate plate 140 is arranged in parallel, uniformly draw upwards from air inlet manifold 180 Go out multiple row winding pipe 181, the air inlet 133 of air inlet pipeline is connect with secondary blower 122.Secondary blower 122 rouses The cold wind entered is uniformly blowed to the array ventilation hole of grate plate 140 through air inlet pipeline.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, 140 end of grate plate is provided with ramp type and slags tap baffle 170, passes through gear of slagging tap The height of plate 170 adjusts the thickness of slag layer in grate plate 140, to making the thickness of slag layer in grate plate 140 maintain certain thickness, The cooled clinker of lower layer can play a protective role to grate plate 140.
Dangerous waste object is different from conventional house refuse.Silico-calcium constituent content is big in conventional house refuse, the stove generated after burning Slag exists in solid form;No matter solid-state clinker is all easily achieved using water cooling or air-cooled pattern.And silico-calcium contains in dangerous waste object Low, magnesium, aluminium, fluorine element content height are measured, therefore clinker is in molten state after high temperature incineration;Since the clinker of molten state is easy to cementing machine Device, it is air-cooled that the forbidden zone being difficult to realize is considered as by the technical staff in dangerous waste object burning disposal field always, conventional water can only be used Chill formula.And the present invention can effectively overcome high-temperature fusion by the structure design and motion mode of above-mentioned air cooling slag hoist 121 The bonding of clinker, to make the air-cooled pattern of dangerous waste object dregs of incinerator be achieved.
Yet another advantage of the present invention is that:The clinker of 120 bottom of secondary combustion chamber directly carries out heat exchange with Secondary Air.This The air-cooled pattern of kind can be such that Secondary Air is preheated, and improve the efficiency of combustion of secondary combustion chamber 120;In addition, the clinker after air-cooled Can directly clinker storehouse 124 be delivered to by (closed) conveyer 123 to be stored.124 lower part of clinker storehouse is equipped with valve of slagging tap 126, valve 126 of slagging tap can be connect with automobile loading spout 127, by automobile loading spout 127 can under completely enclosed state to The freight house of automobile 128 conveys clinker.This slag treatment mode overcomes the problem of clinker in existing water cooling pattern needs drying, The energy and water resource have fully been saved, and any pollution has not been caused to environment.
Referring to Fig. 6, exhaust treatment system 500 includes mainly waste heat boiler 510, chilling tower 520, activated carbon dusting device 530, bag filter 540, active carbon adsorption column 550, washing deentrainment tower 560, flue gas heater 570, last row wind turbine 580 and Chimney 590.
Flue gas is divided into four backhauls by 510 burner hearth of waste heat boiler by three row's suspension type fin panel casings, and waste heat boiler uses Radiation heat transfer mode, radiation heat transfer are that the water in pipeline is heated into steam, pipeline heat exchange by flue gas by way of radiation heat transfer Pipe is finned membrane wall channel.Radiation heat transfer is not easy dust stratification, and deashing is more convenient due to being arrangement of cavities.The present invention Using the heat exchange mode of full film type wall, while the phenomenon that being equipped with deashing device, avoiding coking, occurs.
SNCR (selective non-catalytic method) can be set on the pipeline between waste heat boiler 510 and secondary combustion chamber 120 Denitrification apparatus 129, under high temperature environment, the atomization urea liquid of flue gas and penetrating are sufficiently mixed, and NOx components are O2's in flue gas In the presence of with urea occur reduction reaction, at the same time urea liquid moisture all vaporized and taken away by flue gas.Ammonia nitrogen ratio is controlled, The reduction efficiency of NOx is 50%.
Expansion chamber is set in the bottom of waste heat boiler, flue gas will settle dust when flowing from bottom to top and enter sedimentation Room, the flying dust that expansion chamber is collected are transported to flying dust storehouse 513 through the double-deck gate valve 511 and conveyer 512.Boiler design exiting flue gas Temperature is 550 DEG C, can avoid bioxin and the regenerated temperature region of furans.
Afterheat utilizing system utilizes the waste heat for generating steam in flue gas.Steam is in addition to personal, after remaining is depressurized as needed For producing and using.In addition, the steam that afterheat utilizing system generates uses access industrial garden steam pipe network for garden enterprise.
High-temperature flue gas temperature after waste heat boiler 510 is down to 550 DEG C, enters chilling tower 520, chilling from top through flue Pressure type nozzle 522 is set on tower 520, and nozzle 522 is connect with the lye pond 521 equipped with sodium hydroxide.Under the action of high pressure, The effect of moment decompression, solution are atomized into 0.08mm when sodium hydroxide solution inside nozzle 522 spreads and sprays through spiral The drop of left and right, the drop after being atomized fully exchange heat with high-temperature flue gas, and rapid evaporation, takes away heat in a short time so that Flue-gas temperature moment (0.8s) be reduced to 200 DEG C hereinafter, and moisture content (mass ratio) be less than 3%.While moisture evaporation, With acid gas in flue gas neutralization reaction occurs for sodium hydroxide.Since the residence time is less than 1s to flue gas between 200-500 DEG C, because This prevents synthesizing again for bioxin.
For this system using sodium hydroxide solution, the deacidification effect of smoke processing system is more guaranteed.Chilling lye Water spray is automatically adjusted according to flue gas exit temperature, and when the temperature is higher than set temperature, the chilling lye amount that nozzle sprays increases Add, conversely, then reducing chilling lye amount.Due to entering the material of incinerator 100 by a series of pre- place such as broken, quenched Reason, so acute variation, therefore the sodium hydroxide in chilling extracting tower 520 will not occur for the ingredient of incineration flue gas middle acid substance The addition of solution can maintain certain amount, ensure higher removal rate.
In order to meet incineration of waste standard limit of smog release, it is ensured that heavy metal (especially Hg) bioxin (PCDDs), furans (PCDFs) discharge standard, in addition to strictly controlling burning process and technical parameter, the present invention uses activated carbon dusting device 530 Powdered carbon is sprayed to the Venturi tube 533 being arranged in flue gas pipeline, dioxin in flue gas and a huge sum of money are adsorbed using active carbon powder The noxious materials such as belong to and achievees the purpose that flue gas high-efficient purification.Since activated carbon has great specific surface area, even A small amount of activated carbon, as long as being uniformly mixed with flue gas and time of contact long enough, so that it may to reach high adsorption cleaning efficiency.Activity The inner strong turbulent flow of the Venturi tube 533 of charcoal and flue gas being uniformly combined by flue is realized, active Charcoal is uniformly sprayed into flue gas, is uniformly mixed, has been reached good adsorption effect.Activated carbon is strongly equal with flue gas in the duct After even mixing, reach efficient absorption effect, but the absorption in pipeline and be not up to saturated, then enters together with flue gas again follow-up Bag filter 540 in, rest on filter bag, come into full contact with the flue gas for slow transitting through filter bag, reach in flue gas a huge sum of money Belong to the adsorption cleaning of the pollutants such as Hg and PCDD/Fs, the activated carbon of absorption heavy metal, bioxin falls into bag filter 540 Ash bucket.
Activated carbon is then sent directly into flue through self-measuring device, is removed into follow-up cloth bag after being sufficiently mixed with flue gas Dirt device 540.The activated carbon that 200 mesh are used in the present invention, to ensure that specific surface area and adsorption capacity, activated carbon are added to continuous work Industry controls activated carbon additive amount by frequency conversion batcher.Activated carbon supply amount is with 100 load adjustment of incinerator and according to regularly Heavy metal is He bioxin monitoring data give adjustment signal.
When flue gas is by outer filter bag by bag filter 540, the dust in flue gas is trapped within filter bag outer surface, to It is purified, then Venturi tube enters upper box in deduster, is discharged from outlet.Dust of the attached collection in filter bag outer surface constantly increases Add, dust remover resistance is made to increase, in the range of so that equipment resistance is maintained restriction, it is necessary to periodically eliminate and be attached to filter bag surface Dust:Each control valve is periodically triggered in order by PLC controls to open, and so that compressed air in gas bag is sprayed by injection tube eyelet, is led to Venturi tube is crossed, inducing peripheral air enters filter bag, and filter bag is made drastically to be expanded in a flash, and along with the acting in opposition of air-flow, Shake off dust.The dust shaken off falls into ash bucket, is discharged through spiral ash hoist 541.Cloth bag uses high temperature resistant type PTFE overlay films, has It prevents dew condensation phenomenon from generating to effect, while the service life of filter cloth can be extended.
To ensure that Wei gas Zhong dioxins materials meet the following new standard 0.1TEQng/m3Requirement, the present invention is in cloth bag Activated-charcoal column 550 is also set up on the flue gas flow path of deduster 540, can further remove micro bioxin substance.
Washing deentrainment tower 560 is the further removal to pollutant in flue gas, will by neutralization reaction, the effect scrubbed Sour gas, dust are strict controlled in design limitation, it is ensured that smoke processing system reaches the requirement of highest standard.
Flue gas enters washing deentrainment tower 560 and treatment effect can be improved to sour gas wet-treating, and reduces processing Cost;In order to ensure the washing effect of scrubbing tower lye, the pH value realization of lye is detected and controlled automatically.Control system according to The variation of pH value automatically adjusts dosage, keeps washing effect best, influences washing effect to overcome human factor.
560 built-in filler of deentrainment tower is washed, flue gas enters the wash tower bottoms being located above circulating water chennel in divergent shape, so Continue vertically up by dry load layer afterwards, the absorption of sour gas is just happened at this position.Pass through the nozzle with nozzle Circulation fluid expansion is spread into entire tower section, it is ensured that all gas can come into full contact with circulation fluid.
The outlet of washing deentrainment tower 560 sets demister, and all drops can be removed from flue gas stream by demister.Demister band There is Flushing nozzle, can intermittently spray into high pressure, clean water cleaning demister, the water isolated is entered into wash tower bottoms.It is to be recycled After saturation, high slat-containing wastewater enters advanced treatment system desalination.The flue-gas temperature come out from washing deentrainment tower 560 is about 70 DEG C, It needs by flue gas heater 570, after temperature is increased to 120 DEG C, enters back into last row wind turbine 580.Flue gas heater 570 can be with The flue gas of the steam or high temperature section that use waste heat boiler 510 is heat source.
Sample tap and on-line checking mouth are stayed in chimney 590, matches a set of flue gas on-line measuring device, for detecting discharged cigarette Flue dust, humidity, flue-gas temperature, pressure, flow, HF, SO in gas2、CO、NOx、HCl、O2、CO2Deng.Monitoring data, which are fed back to, burns It burns workshop DCS system to show and record by host computer, analyzes and use for environment care provider in factory.SO2And HCl numbers According to deacidification system is also transmitted to, with the operating parameter of the content Numerical Control deacidification system of discharge gas middle acid substance, thus Ensure that flue gas emission is qualified.Smoke on-line monitoring system is furnished with data remote unit, is believed using local networks and Environmental Protection Agency's environmental protection Platform communication is ceased, monitoring data can be reported to relevant environment monitoring department.
The flying dust that waste heat boiler 510, chilling tower 520, deduster 540 are collected in exhaust treatment system 500, all through conveyer 512 enter flying dust storehouse 513, and flying dust storehouse 513 can be connect with automobile loading spout 516, can be complete by automobile loading spout 516 Clinker is conveyed to the freight house of automobile 517 under closed state, landfill yard is transported to by automobile 517 and carries out solidification landfill.Flying dust Cang518Ding Deduster 518 and air-introduced machine 519 can be arranged in portion, and the wind of extraction may be coupled to the kiln hood of rotary kiln 110, make as First air With.This flying dust processing mode does not cause any pollution to environment.
Higher gas cleaning rate is can reach in the case where making full use of waste heat by above-mentioned exhaust treatment system 500, The pollutants such as dust, sour gas, NOX, bioxin, heavy metal can be purified, reach statutory emissions regulations.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of danger waste incineration system, including feed system, incinerator and exhaust treatment system,
Wherein, feed system includes bulk material feed system, sacked material feed system and liquid object feed system, respectively with even Continuous, closed mode conveys bulk material, sacked material and liquid dangerous waste object to incinerator;
Wherein, incinerator includes rotary kiln and secondary combustion chamber, and the kiln tail of rotary kiln and the lower seal of secondary combustion chamber connect It connects;Wherein secondary combustion chamber bottom is provided with air cooling slag hoist, and Secondary Air burns with after clinker heat exchange into secondary combustion chamber, Clinker after air-cooled is fed directly to clinker storehouse.
Wherein, exhaust treatment system includes waste heat boiler, chilling tower, activated carbon dusting device, bag filter, activated carbon adsorption Column, washing deentrainment tower, flue gas heater, last row wind turbine and chimney.
2. danger waste incineration system according to claim 1, wherein bulk material feed system include:
There is feeding bin closing shell, shell to be provided with material inlet and material outlet, and housing bottom is provided with spiral reamer;
First weigher, for weighing to feeding bin;
Second weigher is arranged below feeding bin, for weighing to discharging;And
Rotary feeder, import are connect with the second weigher, and outlet is connect with incinerator.
3. danger waste incineration system according to claim 1, wherein sacked material feed system include suspended chain, lower hopper with And the double-deck gate valve, sacked material is delivered to lower hopper by suspended chain, then is delivered to incinerator by the double-deck gate valve.
4. danger waste incineration system according to claim 1, wherein liquid object feed system include multichannel nozzle, use respectively To convey high heating value, middle calorific value and low heat value liquid.
5. danger waste incineration system according to claim 1, wherein being also set up between secondary combustion chamber and waste heat boiler There is SNCR denitration device.
6. a kind of dangerous waste object burning process, includes the following steps:
(1) danger waste incineration system is provided, which includes feed system, incinerator and exhaust treatment system, wherein feeding System includes bulk material feed system, sacked material feed system and liquid object feed system, and incinerator includes rotary kiln and two Grade combustion chamber, the kiln tail of rotary kiln and the lower seal of secondary combustion chamber connect;
(2) by bulk material, sacked material and liquid object by after scheduled calorific value and chemical compatibility respectively by bulk material feed system, Sacked material feed system and liquid object feed system are sent into a manner of continuous, closed in rotary kiln;
(3) the fixation carbon part of dangerous waste object carries out burning disposal in rotary kiln, the volatile combustible gas generated in pyrolytic process Body and fine carbon particle enter secondary combustion chamber's high temperature after-flame;
(4) the hot stove slag that rotary kiln and secondary combustion chamber generate enters air cooling slag hoist, is blasted from air cooling slag hoist air inlet Cold wind enters secondary combustion chamber's progress high temperature oxygenating, clinker after cooling after carrying out heat exchange with hot stove slag in air cooling slag hoist It is fed directly to clinker storehouse.
7. dangerous waste object burning process according to claim 6, the wherein incineration temperature of rotary kiln are controlled at 700 DEG C -850 DEG C, remaining Control for Oxygen Content is less than 2%.
8. dangerous waste object burning process according to claim 6, the wherein incineration temperature of secondary combustion chamber are controlled in 1100- 1200 DEG C, remaining Control for Oxygen Content is less than 8%.
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